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2412.11823
Advancements and Challenges in Bangla Question Answering Models: A Comprehensive Review
[ "cs.CL" ]
The domain of Natural Language Processing (NLP) has experienced notable progress in the evolution of Bangla Question Answering (QA) systems. This paper presents a comprehensive review of seven research articles that contribute to the progress in this domain. These research studies explore different aspects of creating ...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 1, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2412.11827
Hyperparametric Robust and Dynamic Influence Maximization
[ "cs.DB", "cs.SI" ]
We study the problem of robust influence maximization in dynamic diffusion networks. In line with recent works, we consider the scenario where the network can undergo insertion and removal of nodes and edges, in discrete time steps, and the influence weights are determined by the features of the corresponding nodes and...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 1, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 1, "cs.SY": 0 }
2412.11828
The Selection Problem in Multi-Query Optimization: a Comprehensive Survey
[ "cs.DB", "cs.DM" ]
View materialization, index selection, and plan caching are well-known techniques for optimization of query processing in database systems. The essence of these tasks is to select and save a subset of the most useful candidates (views/indexes/plans) for reuse within given space/time budget constraints. In this paper, w...
{ "Other": 1, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 1, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2412.11829
Robust Contact-rich Manipulation through Implicit Motor Adaptation
[ "cs.RO" ]
Contact-rich manipulation plays a vital role in daily human activities, yet uncertain physical parameters pose significant challenges for both model-based and model-free planning and control. A promising approach to address this challenge is to develop policies robust to a wide range of parameters. Domain adaptation an...
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2412.11831
Are You Doubtful? Oh, It Might Be Difficult Then! Exploring the Use of Model Uncertainty for Question Difficulty Estimation
[ "cs.CL" ]
In an educational setting, an estimate of the difficulty of multiple-choice questions (MCQs), a commonly used strategy to assess learning progress, constitutes very useful information for both teachers and students. Since human assessment is costly from multiple points of view, automatic approaches to MCQ item difficul...
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2412.11832
A Distributed Collaborative Retrieval Framework Excelling in All Queries and Corpora based on Zero-shot Rank-Oriented Automatic Evaluation
[ "cs.IR" ]
Numerous retrieval models, including sparse, dense and llm-based methods, have demonstrated remarkable performance in predicting the relevance between queries and corpora. However, the preliminary effectiveness analysis experiments indicate that these models fail to achieve satisfactory performance on the majority of q...
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2412.11834
Wonderful Matrices: Combining for a More Efficient and Effective Foundation Model Architecture
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI", "cs.CL" ]
In order to make the foundation model more efficient and effective, our idea is combining sequence transformation and state transformation. First, we prove the availability of rotary position embedding in the state space duality algorithm, which reduces the perplexity of the hybrid quadratic causal self-attention and s...
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2412.11835
Improved Models for Media Bias Detection and Subcategorization
[ "cs.CL" ]
We present improved models for the granular detection and sub-classification news media bias in English news articles. We compare the performance of zero-shot versus fine-tuned large pre-trained neural transformer language models, explore how the level of detail of the classes affects performance on a novel taxonomy of...
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2412.11836
UnMA-CapSumT: Unified and Multi-Head Attention-driven Caption Summarization Transformer
[ "cs.CV" ]
Image captioning is the generation of natural language descriptions of images which have increased immense popularity in the recent past. With this different deep-learning techniques are devised for the development of factual and stylized image captioning models. Previous models focused more on the generation of factua...
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2412.11837
The Eclipsing Binaries via Artificial Intelligence. II. Need for Speed in PHOEBE Forward Models
[ "astro-ph.SR", "astro-ph.EP", "astro-ph.GA", "cs.LG" ]
In modern astronomy, the quantity of data collected has vastly exceeded the capacity for manual analysis, necessitating the use of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to assist scientists with the most labor-intensive tasks. AI can optimize simulation codes where computational bottlenecks arise from the ti...
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2412.11839
Evaluating the Efficacy of Vectocardiographic and ECG Parameters for Efficient Tertiary Cardiology Care Allocation Using Decision Tree Analysis
[ "eess.SP", "cs.LG" ]
Use real word data to evaluate the performance of the electrocardiographic markers of GEH as features in a machine learning model with Standard ECG features and Risk Factors in Predicting Outcome of patients in a population referred to a tertiary cardiology hospital. Patients forwarded to specific evaluation in a car...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2412.11840
Sonar-based Deep Learning in Underwater Robotics: Overview, Robustness and Challenges
[ "cs.RO", "cs.CV", "eess.SP" ]
With the growing interest in underwater exploration and monitoring, Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) have become essential. The recent interest in onboard Deep Learning (DL) has advanced real-time environmental interaction capabilities relying on efficient and accurate vision-based DL models. However, the predomin...
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2412.11846
SPGL: Enhancing Session-based Recommendation with Single Positive Graph Learning
[ "cs.IR", "cs.LG" ]
Session-based recommendation seeks to forecast the next item a user will be interested in, based on their interaction sequences. Due to limited interaction data, session-based recommendation faces the challenge of limited data availability. Traditional methods enhance feature learning by constructing complex models to ...
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2412.11849
Ensemble Learning and 3D Pix2Pix for Comprehensive Brain Tumor Analysis in Multimodal MRI
[ "eess.IV", "cs.CV", "cs.LG" ]
Motivated by the need for advanced solutions in the segmentation and inpainting of glioma-affected brain regions in multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), this study presents an integrated approach leveraging the strengths of ensemble learning with hybrid transformer models and convolutional neural networks (CNN...
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2412.11850
Causal Invariance Learning via Efficient Optimization of a Nonconvex Objective
[ "stat.ME", "cs.LG", "math.OC", "math.ST", "stat.TH" ]
Data from multiple environments offer valuable opportunities to uncover causal relationships among variables. Leveraging the assumption that the causal outcome model remains invariant across heterogeneous environments, state-of-the-art methods attempt to identify causal outcome models by learning invariant prediction m...
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2412.11851
A Benchmark and Robustness Study of In-Context-Learning with Large Language Models in Music Entity Detection
[ "cs.CL", "cs.MM" ]
Detecting music entities such as song titles or artist names is a useful application to help use cases like processing music search queries or analyzing music consumption on the web. Recent approaches incorporate smaller language models (SLMs) like BERT and achieve high results. However, further research indicates a hi...
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2412.11855
A Theory of Formalisms for Representing Knowledge
[ "cs.AI", "cs.CC", "cs.LO" ]
There has been a longstanding dispute over which formalism is the best for representing knowledge in AI. The well-known "declarative vs. procedural controversy" is concerned with the choice of utilizing declarations or procedures as the primary mode of knowledge representation. The ongoing debate between symbolic AI an...
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2412.11863
GeoX: Geometric Problem Solving Through Unified Formalized Vision-Language Pre-training
[ "cs.CV", "cs.CL" ]
Despite their proficiency in general tasks, Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) struggle with automatic Geometry Problem Solving (GPS), which demands understanding diagrams, interpreting symbols, and performing complex reasoning. This limitation arises from their pre-training on natural images and texts, along wi...
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2412.11864
Investigating Mixture of Experts in Dense Retrieval
[ "cs.IR", "cs.AI" ]
While Dense Retrieval Models (DRMs) have advanced Information Retrieval (IR), one limitation of these neural models is their narrow generalizability and robustness. To cope with this issue, one can leverage the Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture. While previous IR studies have incorporated MoE architectures within t...
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2412.11866
Event-based Motion Deblurring via Multi-Temporal Granularity Fusion
[ "cs.CV" ]
Conventional frame-based cameras inevitably produce blurry effects due to motion occurring during the exposure time. Event camera, a bio-inspired sensor offering continuous visual information could enhance the deblurring performance. Effectively utilizing the high-temporal-resolution event data is crucial for extractin...
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2412.11867
Transformers Use Causal World Models in Maze-Solving Tasks
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI" ]
Recent studies in interpretability have explored the inner workings of transformer models trained on tasks across various domains, often discovering that these networks naturally develop surprisingly structured representations. When such representations comprehensively reflect the task domain's structure, they are comm...
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2412.11868
A Variable Occurrence-Centric Framework for Inconsistency Handling (Extended Version)
[ "cs.AI", "cs.LO" ]
In this paper, we introduce a syntactic framework for analyzing and handling inconsistencies in propositional bases. Our approach focuses on examining the relationships between variable occurrences within conflicts. We propose two dual concepts: Minimal Inconsistency Relation (MIR) and Maximal Consistency Relation (MCR...
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2412.11872
Non-Ideal Two-Level Battery Charger-Modeling and Simulation
[ "eess.SY", "cs.SY" ]
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of a two-level battery charger for electric vehicles, focusing on modeling, simulation, and performance evaluation. The proposed charger topology employs two switches operating complementarily, along with essential components such as inductors, capacitors, and batteries. Det...
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2412.11875
Bayesian Surrogate Training on Multiple Data Sources: A Hybrid Modeling Strategy
[ "stat.ML", "cs.LG" ]
Surrogate models are often used as computationally efficient approximations to complex simulation models, enabling tasks such as solving inverse problems, sensitivity analysis, and probabilistic forward predictions, which would otherwise be computationally infeasible. During training, surrogate parameters are fitted su...
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2412.11878
Using Instruction-Tuned Large Language Models to Identify Indicators of Vulnerability in Police Incident Narratives
[ "cs.CL" ]
Objectives: Compare qualitative coding of instruction tuned large language models (IT-LLMs) against human coders in classifying the presence or absence of vulnerability in routinely collected unstructured text that describes police-public interactions. Evaluate potential bias in IT-LLM codings. Methods: Analyzing publi...
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2412.11882
Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation Testbed for Geomagnetic Navigation
[ "cs.RO", "cs.SY", "eess.SY" ]
Geomagnetic navigation leverages the ubiquitous Earth's magnetic signals to navigate missions, without dependence on GPS services or pre-stored geographic maps. It has drawn increasing attention and is promising particularly for long-range navigation into unexplored areas. Current geomagnetic navigation studies are sti...
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2412.11883
Towards Physically-Based Sky-Modeling
[ "cs.CV", "eess.IV" ]
Accurate environment maps are a key component in rendering photorealistic outdoor scenes with coherent illumination. They enable captivating visual arts, immersive virtual reality and a wide range of engineering and scientific applications. Recent works have extended sky-models to be more comprehensive and inclusive of...
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2412.11888
GNN Applied to Ego-nets for Friend Suggestions
[ "cs.SI", "cs.AI" ]
A major problem of making friend suggestions in social networks is the large size of social graphs, which can have hundreds of millions of people and tens of billions of connections. Classic methods based on heuristics or factorizations are often used to address the difficulties of scaling more complex models. However,...
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2412.11890
SegMAN: Omni-scale Context Modeling with State Space Models and Local Attention for Semantic Segmentation
[ "cs.CV" ]
High-quality semantic segmentation relies on three key capabilities: global context modeling, local detail encoding, and multi-scale feature extraction. However, recent methods struggle to possess all these capabilities simultaneously. Hence, we aim to empower segmentation networks to simultaneously carry out efficient...
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2412.11892
From 2D CAD Drawings to 3D Parametric Models: A Vision-Language Approach
[ "cs.CV" ]
In this paper, we present CAD2Program, a new method for reconstructing 3D parametric models from 2D CAD drawings. Our proposed method is inspired by recent successes in vision-language models (VLMs), and departs from traditional methods which rely on task-specific data representations and/or algorithms. Specifically, o...
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2412.11896
Classification of Spontaneous and Scripted Speech for Multilingual Audio
[ "cs.CL", "cs.SD", "eess.AS" ]
Distinguishing scripted from spontaneous speech is an essential tool for better understanding how speech styles influence speech processing research. It can also improve recommendation systems and discovery experiences for media users through better segmentation of large recorded speech catalogues. This paper addresses...
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2412.11899
Probabilistic Behavioral Aggregation: A Case Study on the Nordic Power Grid
[ "eess.SY", "cs.SY" ]
This study applies the Probabilistic Behavioral Tuning (ProBeTune) framework to transient power grid simulations to address challenges posed by increasing grid complexity. ProBeTune offers a probabilistic approach to model aggregation, using a behavioral distance measure to quantify and minimize discrepancies between a...
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2412.11905
One for Dozens: Adaptive REcommendation for All Domains with Counterfactual Augmentation
[ "cs.IR" ]
Multi-domain recommendation (MDR) aims to enhance recommendation performance across various domains. However, real-world recommender systems in online platforms often need to handle dozens or even hundreds of domains, far exceeding the capabilities of traditional MDR algorithms, which typically focus on fewer than five...
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2412.11906
PunchBench: Benchmarking MLLMs in Multimodal Punchline Comprehension
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI" ]
Multimodal punchlines, which involve humor or sarcasm conveyed in image-caption pairs, are a popular way of communication on online multimedia platforms. With the rapid development of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), it is essential to assess their ability to effectively comprehend these punchlines. However, e...
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2412.11908
Can Language Models Rival Mathematics Students? Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning through Textual Manipulation and Human Experiments
[ "cs.CL" ]
In this paper we look at the ability of recent large language models (LLMs) at solving mathematical problems in combinatorics. We compare models LLaMA-2, LLaMA-3.1, GPT-4, and Mixtral against each other and against human pupils and undergraduates with prior experience in mathematical olympiads. To facilitate these comp...
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2412.11912
CharacterBench: Benchmarking Character Customization of Large Language Models
[ "cs.CL" ]
Character-based dialogue (aka role-playing) enables users to freely customize characters for interaction, which often relies on LLMs, raising the need to evaluate LLMs' character customization capability. However, existing benchmarks fail to ensure a robust evaluation as they often only involve a single character categ...
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2412.11913
Learning Human-Aware Robot Policies for Adaptive Assistance
[ "cs.RO" ]
Developing robots that can assist humans efficiently, safely, and adaptively is crucial for real-world applications such as healthcare. While previous work often assumes a centralized system for co-optimizing human-robot interactions, we argue that real-world scenarios are much more complicated, as humans have individu...
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2412.11916
Lightweight Decentralized Neural Network-Based Strategies for Multi-Robot Patrolling
[ "cs.RO" ]
The problem of decentralized multi-robot patrol has previously been approached primarily with hand-designed strategies for minimization of 'idlenes' over the vertices of a graph-structured environment. Here we present two lightweight neural network-based strategies to tackle this problem, and show that they significant...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 1, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2412.11917
Does VLM Classification Benefit from LLM Description Semantics?
[ "cs.CV" ]
Accurately describing images with text is a foundation of explainable AI. Vision-Language Models (VLMs) like CLIP have recently addressed this by aligning images and texts in a shared embedding space, expressing semantic similarities between vision and language embeddings. VLM classification can be improved with descri...
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2412.11919
RetroLLM: Empowering Large Language Models to Retrieve Fine-grained Evidence within Generation
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI", "cs.IR" ]
Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable generative capabilities but often suffer from hallucinations. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) offers an effective solution by incorporating external knowledge, but existing methods still face several limitations: additional deployment costs of separate retrievers, re...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 1, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 1, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2412.11923
PICLe: Pseudo-Annotations for In-Context Learning in Low-Resource Named Entity Detection
[ "cs.CL", "cs.AI" ]
In-context learning (ICL) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform tasks using few demonstrations, facilitating task adaptation when labeled examples are hard to obtain. However, ICL is sensitive to the choice of demonstrations, and it remains unclear which demonstration attributes enable in-context generalizati...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 1, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2412.11927
Explainable Procedural Mistake Detection
[ "cs.AI", "cs.CL" ]
Automated task guidance has recently attracted attention from the AI research community. Procedural mistake detection (PMD) is a challenging sub-problem of classifying whether a human user (observed through egocentric video) has successfully executed the task at hand (specified by a procedural text). Despite significan...
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2412.11930
Hierarchical Meta-Reinforcement Learning via Automated Macro-Action Discovery
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI" ]
Meta-Reinforcement Learning (Meta-RL) enables fast adaptation to new testing tasks. Despite recent advancements, it is still challenging to learn performant policies across multiple complex and high-dimensional tasks. To address this, we propose a novel architecture with three hierarchical levels for 1) learning task r...
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2412.11931
Speeding Up the NSGA-II With a Simple Tie-Breaking Rule
[ "cs.NE" ]
The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm~II (NSGA-II) is the most popular multi-objective optimization heuristic. Recent mathematical runtime analyses have detected two shortcomings in discrete search spaces, namely, that the NSGA-II has difficulties with more than two objectives and that it is very sensitive to the...
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2412.11934
Stepwise Reasoning Error Disruption Attack of LLMs
[ "cs.AI" ]
Large language models (LLMs) have made remarkable strides in complex reasoning tasks, but their safety and robustness in reasoning processes remain underexplored. Existing attacks on LLM reasoning are constrained by specific settings or lack of imperceptibility, limiting their feasibility and generalizability. To addre...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2412.11936
A Survey of Mathematical Reasoning in the Era of Multimodal Large Language Model: Benchmark, Method & Challenges
[ "cs.CL" ]
Mathematical reasoning, a core aspect of human cognition, is vital across many domains, from educational problem-solving to scientific advancements. As artificial general intelligence (AGI) progresses, integrating large language models (LLMs) with mathematical reasoning tasks is becoming increasingly significant. This ...
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2412.11937
Precise Length Control in Large Language Models
[ "cs.CL" ]
Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in production systems, powering applications such as chatbots, summarization, and question answering. Despite their success, controlling the length of their response remains a significant challenge, particularly for tasks requiring structured outputs or specific levels...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 1, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2412.11938
Are the Latent Representations of Foundation Models for Pathology Invariant to Rotation?
[ "eess.IV", "cs.CV" ]
Self-supervised foundation models for digital pathology encode small patches from H\&E whole slide images into latent representations used for downstream tasks. However, the invariance of these representations to patch rotation remains unexplored. This study investigates the rotational invariance of latent representati...
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2412.11939
SEAGraph: Unveiling the Whole Story of Paper Review Comments
[ "cs.AI", "cs.CL" ]
Peer review, as a cornerstone of scientific research, ensures the integrity and quality of scholarly work by providing authors with objective feedback for refinement. However, in the traditional peer review process, authors often receive vague or insufficiently detailed feedback, which provides limited assistance and l...
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2412.11940
The Impact of Token Granularity on the Predictive Power of Language Model Surprisal
[ "cs.CL" ]
Word-by-word language model surprisal is often used to model the incremental processing of human readers, which raises questions about how various choices in language modeling influence its predictive power. One factor that has been overlooked in cognitive modeling is the granularity of subword tokens, which explicitly...
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2412.11943
autrainer: A Modular and Extensible Deep Learning Toolkit for Computer Audition Tasks
[ "cs.SD", "cs.AI", "cs.LG", "eess.AS" ]
This work introduces the key operating principles for autrainer, our new deep learning training framework for computer audition tasks. autrainer is a PyTorch-based toolkit that allows for rapid, reproducible, and easily extensible training on a variety of different computer audition tasks. Concretely, autrainer offers ...
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2412.11946
Physics Meets Pixels: PDE Models in Image Processing
[ "eess.IV", "cs.CV", "cs.NA", "math.NA" ]
Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) have long been recognized as powerful tools for image processing and analysis, providing a framework to model and exploit structural and geometric properties inherent in visual data. Over the years, numerous PDE-based models have been developed and refined, inspired by natural anal...
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2412.11948
OpenReviewer: A Specialized Large Language Model for Generating Critical Scientific Paper Reviews
[ "cs.AI" ]
We present OpenReviewer, an open-source system for generating high-quality peer reviews of machine learning and AI conference papers. At its core is Llama-OpenReviewer-8B, an 8B parameter language model specifically fine-tuned on 79,000 expert reviews from top ML conferences. Given a PDF paper submission and review tem...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2412.11949
Coconut Palm Tree Counting on Drone Images with Deep Object Detection and Synthetic Training Data
[ "cs.CV" ]
Drones have revolutionized various domains, including agriculture. Recent advances in deep learning have propelled among other things object detection in computer vision. This study utilized YOLO, a real-time object detector, to identify and count coconut palm trees in Ghanaian farm drone footage. The farm presented ha...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2412.11950
Asynchronous Distributed Gaussian Process Regression for Online Learning and Dynamical Systems: Complementary Document
[ "cs.LG", "cs.SY", "eess.SY" ]
This is a complementary document for the paper titled "Asynchronous Distributed Gaussian Process Regression for Online Learning and Dynamical Systems".
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2412.11951
The Impact of Generalization Techniques on the Interplay Among Privacy, Utility, and Fairness in Image Classification
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI" ]
This study investigates the trade-offs between fairness, privacy, and utility in image classification using machine learning (ML). Recent research suggests that generalization techniques can improve the balance between privacy and utility. One focus of this work is sharpness-aware training (SAT) and its integration wit...
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2412.11952
Advancing Comprehensive Aesthetic Insight with Multi-Scale Text-Guided Self-Supervised Learning
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI", "cs.LG" ]
Image Aesthetic Assessment (IAA) is a vital and intricate task that entails analyzing and assessing an image's aesthetic values, and identifying its highlights and areas for improvement. Traditional methods of IAA often concentrate on a single aesthetic task and suffer from inadequate labeled datasets, thus impairing i...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2412.11953
Reliable Breast Cancer Molecular Subtype Prediction based on uncertainty-aware Bayesian Deep Learning by Mammography
[ "cs.CV" ]
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with different molecular subtypes, clinical behavior, treatment responses as well as survival outcomes. The development of a reliable, accurate, available and inexpensive method to predict the molecular subtypes using medical images plays an important role in the diagnosis and p...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2412.11959
Gramian Multimodal Representation Learning and Alignment
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI", "cs.LG" ]
Human perception integrates multiple modalities, such as vision, hearing, and language, into a unified understanding of the surrounding reality. While recent multimodal models have achieved significant progress by aligning pairs of modalities via contrastive learning, their solutions are unsuitable when scaling to mult...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2412.11964
BetaExplainer: A Probabilistic Method to Explain Graph Neural Networks
[ "stat.ML", "cs.LG" ]
Graph neural networks (GNNs) are powerful tools for conducting inference on graph data but are often seen as "black boxes" due to difficulty in extracting meaningful subnetworks driving predictive performance. Many interpretable GNN methods exist, but they cannot quantify uncertainty in edge weights and suffer in predi...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2412.11965
Inferring Functionality of Attention Heads from their Parameters
[ "cs.CL" ]
Attention heads are one of the building blocks of large language models (LLMs). Prior work on investigating their operation mostly focused on analyzing their behavior during inference for specific circuits or tasks. In this work, we seek a comprehensive mapping of the operations they implement in a model. We propose MA...
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2412.11967
A Digital twin for Diesel Engines: Operator-infused PINNs with Transfer Learning for Engine Health Monitoring
[ "cs.LG", "cs.SY", "eess.SY" ]
Improving diesel engine efficiency and emission reduction have been critical research topics. Recent government regulations have shifted this focus to another important area related to engine health and performance monitoring. Although the advancements in the use of deep learning methods for system monitoring have show...
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2412.11970
DARWIN 1.5: Large Language Models as Materials Science Adapted Learners
[ "cs.CL" ]
Materials discovery and design aim to find compositions and structures with desirable properties over highly complex and diverse physical spaces. Traditional solutions, such as high-throughput simulations or machine learning, often rely on complex descriptors, which hinder generalizability and transferability across di...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 1, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2412.11972
Controllable Shadow Generation with Single-Step Diffusion Models from Synthetic Data
[ "cs.CV" ]
Realistic shadow generation is a critical component for high-quality image compositing and visual effects, yet existing methods suffer from certain limitations: Physics-based approaches require a 3D scene geometry, which is often unavailable, while learning-based techniques struggle with control and visual artifacts. W...
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2412.11973
Neural general circulation models optimized to predict satellite-based precipitation observations
[ "physics.ao-ph", "cs.LG" ]
Climate models struggle to accurately simulate precipitation, particularly extremes and the diurnal cycle. Here, we present a hybrid model that is trained directly on satellite-based precipitation observations. Our model runs at 2.8$^\circ$ resolution and is built on the differentiable NeuralGCM framework. The model de...
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2412.11974
Emma-X: An Embodied Multimodal Action Model with Grounded Chain of Thought and Look-ahead Spatial Reasoning
[ "cs.RO", "cs.AI", "cs.CL", "cs.CV" ]
Traditional reinforcement learning-based robotic control methods are often task-specific and fail to generalize across diverse environments or unseen objects and instructions. Visual Language Models (VLMs) demonstrate strong scene understanding and planning capabilities but lack the ability to generate actionable polic...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 1, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 1, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 0, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 1, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2412.11978
Speech Foundation Models and Crowdsourcing for Efficient, High-Quality Data Collection
[ "cs.CL", "cs.SD", "eess.AS" ]
While crowdsourcing is an established solution for facilitating and scaling the collection of speech data, the involvement of non-experts necessitates protocols to ensure final data quality. To reduce the costs of these essential controls, this paper investigates the use of Speech Foundation Models (SFMs) to automate t...
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2412.11979
AlphaZero Neural Scaling and Zipf's Law: a Tale of Board Games and Power Laws
[ "cs.LG" ]
Neural scaling laws are observed in a range of domains, to date with no clear understanding of why they occur. Recent theories suggest that loss power laws arise from Zipf's law, a power law observed in domains like natural language. One theory suggests that language scaling laws emerge when Zipf-distributed task quant...
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2412.11981
Industrial-scale Prediction of Cement Clinker Phases using Machine Learning
[ "cs.LG", "cond-mat.mtrl-sci" ]
Cement production, exceeding 4.1 billion tonnes and contributing 2.4 tonnes of CO2 annually, faces critical challenges in quality control and process optimization. While traditional process models for cement manufacturing are confined to steady-state conditions with limited predictive capability for mineralogical phase...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 0, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2412.11982
Echo State network for coarsening dynamics of charge density waves
[ "cond-mat.stat-mech", "cond-mat.str-el", "cs.LG" ]
An echo state network (ESN) is a type of reservoir computer that uses a recurrent neural network with a sparsely connected hidden layer. Compared with other recurrent neural networks, one great advantage of ESN is the simplicity of its training process. Yet, despite the seemingly restricted learnable parameters, ESN ha...
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2412.11983
Cost-Effective Label-free Node Classification with LLMs
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI" ]
Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as go-to models for node classification in graph data due to their powerful abilities in fusing graph structures and attributes. However, such models strongly rely on adequate high-quality labeled data for training, which are expensive to acquire in practice. With the advent of...
{ "Other": 0, "cs.AI": 1, "cs.CE": 0, "cs.CL": 0, "cs.CR": 0, "cs.CV": 0, "cs.CY": 0, "cs.DB": 0, "cs.HC": 0, "cs.IR": 0, "cs.IT": 0, "cs.LG": 1, "cs.MA": 0, "cs.NE": 0, "cs.RO": 0, "cs.SD": 0, "cs.SI": 0, "cs.SY": 0 }
2412.11985
Speak & Improve Challenge 2025: Tasks and Baseline Systems
[ "cs.CL" ]
This paper presents the "Speak & Improve Challenge 2025: Spoken Language Assessment and Feedback" -- a challenge associated with the ISCA SLaTE 2025 Workshop. The goal of the challenge is to advance research on spoken language assessment and feedback, with tasks associated with both the underlying technology and langua...
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2412.11986
Speak & Improve Corpus 2025: an L2 English Speech Corpus for Language Assessment and Feedback
[ "cs.CL" ]
We introduce the Speak & Improve Corpus 2025, a dataset of L2 learner English data with holistic scores and language error annotation, collected from open (spontaneous) speaking tests on the Speak & Improve learning platform. The aim of the corpus release is to address a major challenge to developing L2 spoken language...
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2412.11988
SciFaultyQA: Benchmarking LLMs on Faulty Science Question Detection with a GAN-Inspired Approach to Synthetic Dataset Generation
[ "cs.CL", "cs.LG" ]
Consider the problem: ``If one man and one woman can produce one child in one year, how many children will be produced by one woman and three men in 0.5 years?" Current large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4o, GPT-o1-preview, and Gemini Flash frequently answer "0.5," which does not make sense. While these models so...
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2412.11990
ExecRepoBench: Multi-level Executable Code Completion Evaluation
[ "cs.CL" ]
Code completion has become an essential tool for daily software development. Existing evaluation benchmarks often employ static methods that do not fully capture the dynamic nature of real-world coding environments and face significant challenges, including limited context length, reliance on superficial evaluation met...
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2412.11994
Fairness Shields: Safeguarding against Biased Decision Makers
[ "cs.AI" ]
As AI-based decision-makers increasingly influence human lives, it is a growing concern that their decisions are often unfair or biased with respect to people's sensitive attributes, such as gender and race. Most existing bias prevention measures provide probabilistic fairness guarantees in the long run, and it is poss...
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2412.11995
Combining Large Language Models with Tutoring System Intelligence: A Case Study in Caregiver Homework Support
[ "cs.HC", "cs.AI", "cs.CY" ]
Caregivers (i.e., parents and members of a child's caring community) are underappreciated stakeholders in learning analytics. Although caregiver involvement can enhance student academic outcomes, many obstacles hinder involvement, most notably knowledge gaps with respect to modern school curricula. An emerging topic of...
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2412.11998
SAMIC: Segment Anything with In-Context Spatial Prompt Engineering
[ "cs.CV" ]
Few-shot segmentation is the problem of learning to identify specific types of objects (e.g., airplanes) in images from a small set of labeled reference images. The current state of the art is driven by resource-intensive construction of models for every new domain-specific application. Such models must be trained on e...
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2412.12000
CP-Guard: Malicious Agent Detection and Defense in Collaborative Bird's Eye View Perception
[ "cs.AI" ]
Collaborative Perception (CP) has shown a promising technique for autonomous driving, where multiple connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) share their perception information to enhance the overall perception performance and expand the perception range. However, in CP, ego CAV needs to receive messages from its colla...
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2412.12001
LLM-RG4: Flexible and Factual Radiology Report Generation across Diverse Input Contexts
[ "cs.CL", "cs.CV" ]
Drafting radiology reports is a complex task requiring flexibility, where radiologists tail content to available information and particular clinical demands. However, most current radiology report generation (RRG) models are constrained to a fixed task paradigm, such as predicting the full ``finding'' section from a si...
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2412.12004
The Open Source Advantage in Large Language Models (LLMs)
[ "cs.CL", "cs.LG" ]
Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly advanced natural language processing, driving significant breakthroughs in tasks such as text generation, machine translation, and domain-specific reasoning. The field now faces a critical dilemma in its approach: closed-source models like GPT-4 deliver state-of-the-art perform...
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2412.12005
Codes from $A_m$-invariant polynomials
[ "cs.IT", "math.IT", "math.NT" ]
Let $q$ be a prime power. This paper provides a new class of linear codes that arises from the action of the alternating group on $\mathbb F_q[x_1,\dots,x_m]$ combined with the ideas in (M. Datta and T. Johnsen, 2022). Compared with Generalized Reed-Muller codes with similar parameters, our codes have the same asymptot...
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2412.12006
Agentic AI-Driven Technical Troubleshooting for Enterprise Systems: A Novel Weighted Retrieval-Augmented Generation Paradigm
[ "cs.AI" ]
Technical troubleshooting in enterprise environments often involves navigating diverse, heterogeneous data sources to resolve complex issues effectively. This paper presents a novel agentic AI solution built on a Weighted Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) Framework tailored for enterprise technical troubleshooting. ...
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2412.12009
SpeechPrune: Context-aware Token Pruning for Speech Information Retrieval
[ "eess.AS", "cs.AI", "cs.CL", "cs.SD" ]
We introduce Speech Information Retrieval (SIR), a new long-context task for Speech Large Language Models (Speech LLMs), and present SPIRAL, a 1,012-sample benchmark testing models' ability to extract critical details from approximately 90-second spoken inputs. While current Speech LLMs excel at short-form tasks, they ...
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2412.12014
Generalization Analysis for Deep Contrastive Representation Learning
[ "stat.ML", "cs.LG" ]
In this paper, we present generalization bounds for the unsupervised risk in the Deep Contrastive Representation Learning framework, which employs deep neural networks as representation functions. We approach this problem from two angles. On the one hand, we derive a parameter-counting bound that scales with the overal...
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2412.12016
Deep-learning-based identification of individual motion characteristics from upper-limb trajectories towards disorder stage evaluation
[ "cs.NE", "cs.LG", "q-bio.QM" ]
The identification of individual movement characteristics sets the foundation for the assessment of personal rehabilitation progress and can provide diagnostic information on levels and stages of movement disorders. This work presents a preliminary study for differentiating individual motion patterns using a dataset of...
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2412.12024
Learning to Navigate in Mazes with Novel Layouts using Abstract Top-down Maps
[ "cs.LG", "cs.AI", "cs.RO" ]
Learning navigation capabilities in different environments has long been one of the major challenges in decision-making. In this work, we focus on zero-shot navigation ability using given abstract $2$-D top-down maps. Like human navigation by reading a paper map, the agent reads the map as an image when navigating in a...
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2412.12030
Memory-Reduced Meta-Learning with Guaranteed Convergence
[ "cs.LG", "math.OC" ]
The optimization-based meta-learning approach is gaining increased traction because of its unique ability to quickly adapt to a new task using only small amounts of data. However, existing optimization-based meta-learning approaches, such as MAML, ANIL and their variants, generally employ backpropagation for upper-leve...
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2412.12031
RepFace: Refining Closed-Set Noise with Progressive Label Correction for Face Recognition
[ "cs.CV" ]
Face recognition has made remarkable strides, driven by the expanding scale of datasets, advancements in various backbone and discriminative losses. However, face recognition performance is heavily affected by the label noise, especially closed-set noise. While numerous studies have focused on handling label noise, add...
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2412.12032
FSFM: A Generalizable Face Security Foundation Model via Self-Supervised Facial Representation Learning
[ "cs.CV", "cs.AI" ]
This work asks: with abundant, unlabeled real faces, how to learn a robust and transferable facial representation that boosts various face security tasks with respect to generalization performance? We make the first attempt and propose a self-supervised pretraining framework to learn fundamental representations of real...
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2412.12034
Thermodynamics-informed graph neural networks for real-time simulation of digital human twins
[ "cs.LG" ]
The growing importance of real-time simulation in the medical field has exposed the limitations and bottlenecks inherent in the digital representation of complex biological systems. This paper presents a novel methodology aimed at advancing current lines of research in soft tissue simulation. The proposed approach intr...
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2412.12035
Backstepping Control of Tendon-Driven Continuum Robots in Large Deflections Using the Cosserat Rod Model
[ "cs.RO", "cs.SY", "eess.SY" ]
This paper presents a study on the backstepping control of tendon-driven continuum robots for large deflections using the Cosserat rod model. Continuum robots are known for their flexibility and adaptability, making them suitable for various applications. However, modeling and controlling them pose challenges due to th...
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2412.12036
LeARN: Learnable and Adaptive Representations for Nonlinear Dynamics in System Identification
[ "cs.LG", "cs.RO" ]
System identification, the process of deriving mathematical models of dynamical systems from observed input-output data, has undergone a paradigm shift with the advent of learning-based methods. Addressing the intricate challenges of data-driven discovery in nonlinear dynamical systems, these methods have garnered sign...
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2412.12038
LLMs for Cold-Start Cutting Plane Separator Configuration
[ "cs.LG" ]
Mixed integer linear programming (MILP) solvers ship with a staggering number of parameters that are challenging to select a priori for all but expert optimization users, but can have an outsized impact on the performance of the MILP solver. Existing machine learning (ML) approaches to configure solvers require trainin...
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2412.12039
Can LLM Prompting Serve as a Proxy for Static Analysis in Vulnerability Detection
[ "cs.CR", "cs.AI", "cs.CL", "cs.SE" ]
Despite their remarkable success, large language models (LLMs) have shown limited ability on applied tasks such as vulnerability detection. We investigate various prompting strategies for vulnerability detection and, as part of this exploration, propose a prompting strategy that integrates natural language descriptions...
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2412.12040
How Private are Language Models in Abstractive Summarization?
[ "cs.CL" ]
Language models (LMs) have shown outstanding performance in text summarization including sensitive domains such as medicine and law. In these settings, it is important that personally identifying information (PII) included in the source document should not leak in the summary. Prior efforts have mostly focused on study...
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2412.12042
The Impact of AI Assistance on Radiology Reporting: A Pilot Study Using Simulated AI Draft Reports
[ "cs.HC", "cs.AI" ]
Radiologists face increasing workload pressures amid growing imaging volumes, creating risks of burnout and delayed reporting times. While artificial intelligence (AI) based automated radiology report generation shows promise for reporting workflow optimization, evidence of its real-world impact on clinical accuracy an...
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2412.12046
Artificial Intelligence in Traffic Systems
[ "cs.AI" ]
Existing research on AI-based traffic management systems, utilizing techniques such as fuzzy logic, reinforcement learning, deep neural networks, and evolutionary algorithms, demonstrates the potential of AI to transform the traffic landscape. This article endeavors to review the topics where AI and traffic management ...
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2412.12048
A LoRA is Worth a Thousand Pictures
[ "cs.CV" ]
Recent advances in diffusion models and parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) have made text-to-image generation and customization widely accessible, with Low Rank Adaptation (LoRA) able to replicate an artist's style or subject using minimal data and computation. In this paper, we examine the relationship between LoR...
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2412.12049
Bilevel Learning with Inexact Stochastic Gradients
[ "math.OC", "cs.LG" ]
Bilevel learning has gained prominence in machine learning, inverse problems, and imaging applications, including hyperparameter optimization, learning data-adaptive regularizers, and optimizing forward operators. The large-scale nature of these problems has led to the development of inexact and computationally efficie...
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