id stringlengths 9 16 | title stringlengths 4 278 | categories listlengths 1 13 | abstract stringlengths 3 4.08k | filtered_category_membership dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
2412.16191 | Real-valued continued fraction of straight lines | [
"cs.LG"
] | In an unbounded plane, straight lines are used extensively for mathematical analysis. They are tools of convenience. However, those with high slope values become unbounded at a faster rate than the independent variable. So, straight lines, in this work, are made to be bounded by introducing a parametric nonlinear term ... | {
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2412.16194 | Multi-head attention debiasing and contrastive learning for mitigating
Dataset Artifacts in Natural Language Inference | [
"cs.CL"
] | While Natural Language Inference (NLI) models have achieved high performances on benchmark datasets, there are still concerns whether they truly capture the intended task, or largely exploit dataset artifacts. Through detailed analysis of the Stanford Natural Language Inference (SNLI) dataset, we have uncovered complex... | {
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2412.16195 | Machine Learning-Based Automated Assessment of Intracorporeal Suturing
in Laparoscopic Fundoplication | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.AI",
"cs.LG"
] | Automated assessment of surgical skills using artificial intelligence (AI) provides trainees with instantaneous feedback. After bimanual tool motions are captured, derived kinematic metrics are reliable predictors of performance in laparoscopic tasks. Implementing automated tool tracking requires time-intensive human a... | {
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2412.16196 | AgroXAI: Explainable AI-Driven Crop Recommendation System for
Agriculture 4.0 | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AI",
"cs.NI"
] | Today, crop diversification in agriculture is a critical issue to meet the increasing demand for food and improve food safety and quality. This issue is considered to be the most important challenge for the next generation of agriculture due to the diminishing natural resources, the limited arable land, and unpredictab... | {
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2412.16197 | Generalizable Representation Learning for fMRI-based Neurological
Disorder Identification | [
"eess.IV",
"cs.CE",
"cs.CV",
"cs.LG"
] | Despite the impressive advances achieved using deep learning for functional brain activity analysis, the heterogeneity of functional patterns and the scarcity of imaging data still pose challenges in tasks such as identifying neurological disorders. For functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), while data may be ab... | {
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2412.16199 | Stabilizing Machine Learning for Reproducible and Explainable Results: A
Novel Validation Approach to Subject-Specific Insights | [
"cs.LG",
"stat.ML"
] | Machine Learning is transforming medical research by improving diagnostic accuracy and personalizing treatments. General ML models trained on large datasets identify broad patterns across populations, but their effectiveness is often limited by the diversity of human biology. This has led to interest in subject-specifi... | {
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2412.16200 | Robust Spectral Anomaly Detection in EELS Spectral Images via Three
Dimensional Convolutional Variational Autoencoders | [
"cs.CV",
"cond-mat.mtrl-sci",
"cs.LG"
] | We introduce a Three-Dimensional Convolutional Variational Autoencoder (3D-CVAE) for automated anomaly detection in Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy Spectrum Imaging (EELS-SI) data. Our approach leverages the full three-dimensional structure of EELS-SI data to detect subtle spectral anomalies while preserving both spa... | {
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2412.16201 | CLIP-RLDrive: Human-Aligned Autonomous Driving via CLIP-Based Reward
Shaping in Reinforcement Learning | [
"cs.RO",
"cs.AI",
"cs.LG",
"cs.SY",
"eess.SY"
] | This paper presents CLIP-RLDrive, a new reinforcement learning (RL)-based framework for improving the decision-making of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in complex urban driving scenarios, particularly in unsignalized intersections. To achieve this goal, the decisions for AVs are aligned with human-like preferences through C... | {
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2412.16202 | Aspect-Based Few-Shot Learning | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.LG"
] | We generalize the formulation of few-shot learning by introducing the concept of an aspect. In the traditional formulation of few-shot learning, there is an underlying assumption that a single "true" label defines the content of each data point. This label serves as a basis for the comparison between the query object a... | {
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2412.16204 | Saliency Methods are Encoders: Analysing Logical Relations Towards
Interpretation | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.CV"
] | With their increase in performance, neural network architectures also become more complex, necessitating explainability. Therefore, many new and improved methods are currently emerging, which often generate so-called saliency maps in order to improve interpretability. Those methods are often evaluated by visual expecta... | {
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2412.16205 | Machine Learning-Based Estimation Of Wave Direction For Unmanned Surface
Vehicles | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AI",
"cs.RO",
"eess.SP"
] | Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) have become critical tools for marine exploration, environmental monitoring, and autonomous navigation. Accurate estimation of wave direction is essential for improving USV navigation and ensuring operational safety, but traditional methods often suffer from high costs and limited spati... | {
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2412.16207 | Synthetic Time Series Data Generation for Healthcare Applications: A PCG
Case Study | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.CE",
"eess.SP"
] | The generation of high-quality medical time series data is essential for advancing healthcare diagnostics and safeguarding patient privacy. Specifically, synthesizing realistic phonocardiogram (PCG) signals offers significant potential as a cost-effective and efficient tool for cardiac disease pre-screening. Despite it... | {
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2412.16208 | Algorithmic Strategies for Sustainable Reuse of Neural Network
Accelerators with Permanent Faults | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AR"
] | Hardware failures are a growing challenge for machine learning accelerators, many of which are based on systolic arrays. When a permanent hardware failure occurs in a systolic array, existing solutions include localizing and isolating the faulty processing element (PE), using a redundant PE for re-execution, or in some... | {
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2412.16209 | Challenges learning from imbalanced data using tree-based models:
Prevalence estimates systematically depend on hyperparameters and can be
upwardly biased | [
"cs.LG",
"stat.ML"
] | Imbalanced binary classification problems arise in many fields of study. When using machine learning models for these problems, it is common to subsample the majority class (i.e., undersampling) to create a (more) balanced dataset for model training. This biases the model's predictions because the model learns from a d... | {
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2412.16211 | Is Your World Simulator a Good Story Presenter? A Consecutive
Events-Based Benchmark for Future Long Video Generation | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.CL",
"cs.GR"
] | The current state-of-the-art video generative models can produce commercial-grade videos with highly realistic details. However, they still struggle to coherently present multiple sequential events in the stories specified by the prompts, which is foreseeable an essential capability for future long video generation sce... | {
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2412.16212 | ManiVideo: Generating Hand-Object Manipulation Video with Dexterous and
Generalizable Grasping | [
"cs.CV"
] | In this paper, we introduce ManiVideo, a novel method for generating consistent and temporally coherent bimanual hand-object manipulation videos from given motion sequences of hands and objects. The core idea of ManiVideo is the construction of a multi-layer occlusion (MLO) representation that learns 3D occlusion relat... | {
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2412.16213 | AdvIRL: Reinforcement Learning-Based Adversarial Attacks on 3D NeRF
Models | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.AI",
"cs.CY",
"cs.GR",
"eess.IV"
] | The increasing deployment of AI models in critical applications has exposed them to significant risks from adversarial attacks. While adversarial vulnerabilities in 2D vision models have been extensively studied, the threat landscape for 3D generative models, such as Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF), remains underexplored... | {
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2412.16214 | FairTP: A Prolonged Fairness Framework for Traffic Prediction | [
"cs.LG"
] | Traffic prediction plays a crucial role in intelligent transportation systems. Existing approaches primarily focus on improving overall accuracy, often neglecting a critical issue: whether predictive models lead to biased decisions by transportation authorities. In practice, the uneven deployment of traffic sensors acr... | {
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2412.16215 | Zero-Shot Image Moderation in Google Ads with LLM-Assisted Textual
Descriptions and Cross-modal Co-embeddings | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.AI",
"cs.IR"
] | We present a scalable and agile approach for ads image content moderation at Google, addressing the challenges of moderating massive volumes of ads with diverse content and evolving policies. The proposed method utilizes human-curated textual descriptions and cross-modal text-image co-embeddings to enable zero-shot cla... | {
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2412.16216 | GraphLoRA: Empowering LLMs Fine-Tuning via Graph Collaboration of MoE | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AI",
"cs.CL"
] | Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a parameter-efficient fine-tuning method that has been widely adopted in various downstream applications of LLMs. Together with the Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) technique, fine-tuning approaches have shown remarkable improvements in model capability. However, the coordination of multiple expert... | {
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2412.16218 | GNN-Transformer Cooperative Architecture for Trustworthy Graph
Contrastive Learning | [
"cs.LG"
] | Graph contrastive learning (GCL) has become a hot topic in the field of graph representation learning. In contrast to traditional supervised learning relying on a large number of labels, GCL exploits augmentation strategies to generate multiple views and positive/negative pairs, both of which greatly influence the perf... | {
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2412.16219 | Adaptive Calibration: A Unified Conversion Framework of Spiking Neural
Network | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.NE"
] | Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are seen as an energy-efficient alternative to traditional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), but the performance gap remains a challenge. While this gap is narrowing through ANN-to-SNN conversion, substantial computational resources are still needed, and the energy efficiency of converte... | {
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2412.16220 | Cross-Attention Graph Neural Networks for Inferring Gene Regulatory
Networks with Skewed Degree Distribution | [
"q-bio.QM",
"cs.AI",
"cs.LG"
] | Inferencing Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) from gene expression data is a pivotal challenge in systems biology, and several innovative computational methods have been introduced. However, most of these studies have not considered the skewed degree distribution of genes. Specifically, some genes may regulate multiple t... | {
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2412.16225 | Bayesian Critique-Tune-Based Reinforcement Learning with Adaptive
Pressure for Multi-Intersection Traffic Signal Control | [
"eess.SY",
"cs.AI",
"cs.LG",
"cs.MA",
"cs.SY"
] | Adaptive Traffic Signal Control (ATSC) system is a critical component of intelligent transportation, with the capability to significantly alleviate urban traffic congestion. Although reinforcement learning (RL)-based methods have demonstrated promising performance in achieving ATSC, existing methods are still prone to ... | {
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2412.16226 | Quantified Linear and Polynomial Arithmetic Satisfiability via
Template-based Skolemization | [
"cs.LO",
"cs.AI"
] | The problem of checking satisfiability of linear real arithmetic (LRA) and non-linear real arithmetic (NRA) formulas has broad applications, in particular, they are at the heart of logic-related applications such as logic for artificial intelligence, program analysis, etc. While there has been much work on checking sat... | {
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2412.16227 | GALOT: Generative Active Learning via Optimizable Zero-shot
Text-to-image Generation | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.LG"
] | Active Learning (AL) represents a crucial methodology within machine learning, emphasizing the identification and utilization of the most informative samples for efficient model training. However, a significant challenge of AL is its dependence on the limited labeled data samples and data distribution, resulting in lim... | {
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2412.16228 | TAACKIT: Track Annotation and Analytics with Continuous Knowledge
Integration Tool | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.LG"
] | Machine learning (ML) is a powerful tool for efficiently analyzing data, detecting patterns, and forecasting trends across various domains such as text, audio, and images. The availability of annotation tools to generate reliably annotated data is crucial for advances in ML applications. In the domain of geospatial tra... | {
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2412.16229 | TopView: Vectorising road users in a bird's eye view from uncalibrated
street-level imagery with deep learning | [
"cs.CV"
] | Generating a bird's eye view of road users is beneficial for a variety of applications, including navigation, detecting agent conflicts, and measuring space occupancy, as well as the ability to utilise the metric system to measure distances between different objects. In this research, we introduce a simple approach for... | {
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2412.16231 | A Proposal for Extending the Common Model of Cognition to Emotion | [
"cs.AI",
"q-bio.NC"
] | Cognition and emotion must be partnered in any complete model of a humanlike mind. This article proposes an extension to the Common Model of Cognition -- a developing consensus concerning what is required in such a mind -- for emotion that includes a linked pair of modules for emotion and metacognitive assessment, plus... | {
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2412.16232 | Defeasible Visual Entailment: Benchmark, Evaluator, and Reward-Driven
Optimization | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.AI",
"cs.LG"
] | We introduce a new task called Defeasible Visual Entailment (DVE), where the goal is to allow the modification of the entailment relationship between an image premise and a text hypothesis based on an additional update. While this concept is well-established in Natural Language Inference, it remains unexplored in visua... | {
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2412.16233 | WiFi CSI Based Temporal Activity Detection via Dual Pyramid Network | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.AI",
"cs.LG",
"cs.NI"
] | We address the challenge of WiFi-based temporal activity detection and propose an efficient Dual Pyramid Network that integrates Temporal Signal Semantic Encoders and Local Sensitive Response Encoders. The Temporal Signal Semantic Encoder splits feature learning into high and low-frequency components, using a novel Sig... | {
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2412.16234 | Is AI Robust Enough for Scientific Research? | [
"cs.LG",
"physics.comp-ph"
] | We uncover a phenomenon largely overlooked by the scientific community utilizing AI: neural networks exhibit high susceptibility to minute perturbations, resulting in significant deviations in their outputs. Through an analysis of five diverse application areas -- weather forecasting, chemical energy and force calculat... | {
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2412.16235 | Utilizing Causal Network Markers to Identify Tipping Points ahead of
Critical Transition | [
"cs.LG",
"math-ph",
"math.MP",
"q-bio.QM",
"stat.ML"
] | Early-warning signals of delicate design are always used to predict critical transitions in complex systems, which makes it possible to render the systems far away from the catastrophic state by introducing timely interventions. Traditional signals including the dynamical network biomarker (DNB), based on statistical p... | {
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2412.16238 | A jury evaluation theorem | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.LG"
] | Majority voting (MV) is the prototypical ``wisdom of the crowd'' algorithm. Theorems considering when MV is optimal for group decisions date back to Condorcet's 1785 jury decision theorem. The same assumption of error independence used by Condorcet is used here to prove a jury evaluation theorem that does purely algebr... | {
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2412.16241 | Agents Are Not Enough | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.HC",
"cs.MA"
] | In the midst of the growing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into various aspects of our lives, agents are experiencing a resurgence. These autonomous programs that act on behalf of humans are neither new nor exclusive to the mainstream AI movement. By exploring past incarnations of agents, we can understand... | {
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2412.16243 | Bag of Tricks for Multimodal AutoML with Image, Text, and Tabular Data | [
"cs.LG"
] | This paper studies the best practices for automatic machine learning (AutoML). While previous AutoML efforts have predominantly focused on unimodal data, the multimodal aspect remains under-explored. Our study delves into classification and regression problems involving flexible combinations of image, text, and tabular... | {
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2412.16244 | The impact of behavioral diversity in multi-agent reinforcement learning | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.LG",
"cs.MA"
] | Many of the world's most pressing issues, such as climate change and global peace, require complex collective problem-solving skills. Recent studies indicate that diversity in individuals' behaviors is key to developing such skills and increasing collective performance. Yet behavioral diversity in collective artificial... | {
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2412.16247 | Towards scientific discovery with dictionary learning: Extracting
biological concepts from microscopy foundation models | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AI",
"cs.CV",
"stat.ML"
] | Dictionary learning (DL) has emerged as a powerful interpretability tool for large language models. By extracting known concepts (e.g., Golden-Gate Bridge) from human-interpretable data (e.g., text), sparse DL can elucidate a model's inner workings. In this work, we ask if DL can also be used to discover unknown concep... | {
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2412.16248 | Optimizing Low-Speed Autonomous Driving: A Reinforcement Learning
Approach to Route Stability and Maximum Speed | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.RO"
] | Autonomous driving has garnered significant attention in recent years, especially in optimizing vehicle performance under varying conditions. This paper addresses the challenge of maintaining maximum speed stability in low-speed autonomous driving while following a predefined route. Leveraging reinforcement learning (R... | {
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2412.16249 | Decoding fairness: a reinforcement learning perspective | [
"cs.LG",
"cond-mat.dis-nn",
"nlin.AO",
"physics.soc-ph",
"q-bio.PE"
] | Behavioral experiments on the ultimatum game (UG) reveal that we humans prefer fair acts, which contradicts the prediction made in orthodox Economics. Existing explanations, however, are mostly attributed to exogenous factors within the imitation learning framework. Here, we adopt the reinforcement learning paradigm, w... | {
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2412.16250 | Training-free Heterogeneous Graph Condensation via Data Selection | [
"cs.LG"
] | Efficient training of large-scale heterogeneous graphs is of paramount importance in real-world applications. However, existing approaches typically explore simplified models to mitigate resource and time overhead, neglecting the crucial aspect of simplifying large-scale heterogeneous graphs from the data-centric persp... | {
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2412.16251 | Know2Vec: A Black-Box Proxy for Neural Network Retrieval | [
"cs.LG"
] | For general users, training a neural network from scratch is usually challenging and labor-intensive. Fortunately, neural network zoos enable them to find a well-performing model for directly use or fine-tuning it in their local environments. Although current model retrieval solutions attempt to convert neural network ... | {
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2412.16252 | Post-hoc Interpretability Illumination for Scientific Interaction
Discovery | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AI",
"stat.ML"
] | Model interpretability and explainability have garnered substantial attention in recent years, particularly in decision-making applications. However, existing interpretability tools often fall short in delivering satisfactory performance due to limited capabilities or efficiency issues. To address these challenges, we ... | {
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2412.16253 | Interactive Scene Authoring with Specialized Generative Primitives | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.GR"
] | Generating high-quality 3D digital assets often requires expert knowledge of complex design tools. We introduce Specialized Generative Primitives, a generative framework that allows non-expert users to author high-quality 3D scenes in a seamless, lightweight, and controllable manner. Each primitive is an efficient gene... | {
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2412.16254 | Adversarial Robustness through Dynamic Ensemble Learning | [
"cs.CR",
"cs.CL"
] | Adversarial attacks pose a significant threat to the reliability of pre-trained language models (PLMs) such as GPT, BERT, RoBERTa, and T5. This paper presents Adversarial Robustness through Dynamic Ensemble Learning (ARDEL), a novel scheme designed to enhance the robustness of PLMs against such attacks. ARDEL leverages... | {
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2412.16255 | Multi-Source Unsupervised Domain Adaptation with Prototype Aggregation | [
"cs.LG"
] | Multi-source domain adaptation (MSDA) plays an important role in industrial model generalization. Recent efforts on MSDA focus on enhancing multi-domain distributional alignment while omitting three issues, e.g., the class-level discrepancy quantification, the unavailability of noisy pseudo-label, and source transferab... | {
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2412.16256 | Aria-UI: Visual Grounding for GUI Instructions | [
"cs.HC",
"cs.AI"
] | Digital agents for automating tasks across different platforms by directly manipulating the GUIs are increasingly important. For these agents, grounding from language instructions to target elements remains a significant challenge due to reliance on HTML or AXTree inputs. In this paper, we introduce Aria-UI, a large mu... | {
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2412.16257 | PromptLA: Towards Integrity Verification of Black-box Text-to-Image
Diffusion Models | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.AI",
"cs.CR"
] | Current text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models can produce high-quality images, and malicious users who are authorized to use the model only for benign purposes might modify their models to generate images that result in harmful social impacts. Therefore, it is essential to verify the integrity of T2I diffusion models, e... | {
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2412.16260 | Inference Scaling vs Reasoning: An Empirical Analysis of Compute-Optimal
LLM Problem-Solving | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.CC",
"cs.CL"
] | Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have predominantly focused on maximizing accuracy and reasoning capabilities, often overlooking crucial computational efficiency considerations. While this approach has yielded impressive accuracy improvements, it has led to methods that may be impractical for real-world ... | {
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2412.16262 | VirusT5: Harnessing Large Language Models to Predicting SARS-CoV-2
Evolution | [
"q-bio.QM",
"cs.AI"
] | During a virus's evolution,various regions of the genome are subjected to distinct levels of functional constraints.Combined with factors like codon bias and DNA repair efficiency,these constraints contribute to unique mutation patterns within the genome or a specific gene. In this project, we harnessed the power of La... | {
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2412.16264 | Continual Learning with Strategic Selection and Forgetting for Network
Intrusion Detection | [
"cs.CR",
"cs.AI",
"cs.LG"
] | Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are crucial for safeguarding digital infrastructure. In dynamic network environments, both threat landscapes and normal operational behaviors are constantly changing, resulting in concept drift. While continuous learning mitigates the adverse effects of concept drift, insufficient atte... | {
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2412.16265 | Autoware.Flex: Human-Instructed Dynamically Reconfigurable Autonomous
Driving Systems | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.HC",
"cs.RO"
] | Existing Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) independently make driving decisions, but they face two significant limitations. First, in complex scenarios, ADS may misinterpret the environment and make inappropriate driving decisions. Second, these systems are unable to incorporate human driving preferences in their decisi... | {
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2412.16266 | Learned Compression of Nonlinear Time Series With Random Access | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.DB",
"cs.IR"
] | Time series play a crucial role in many fields, including finance, healthcare, industry, and environmental monitoring. The storage and retrieval of time series can be challenging due to their unstoppable growth. In fact, these applications often sacrifice precious historical data to make room for new data. General-pu... | {
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2412.16267 | A Classification Benchmark for Artificial Intelligence Detection of
Laryngeal Cancer from Patient Speech | [
"cs.SD",
"cs.LG",
"eess.AS",
"q-bio.QM"
] | Cases of laryngeal cancer are predicted to rise significantly in the coming years. Current diagnostic pathways cause many patients to be incorrectly referred to urgent suspected cancer pathways, putting undue stress on both patients and the medical system. Artificial intelligence offers a promising solution by enabli... | {
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2412.16270 | MetaScientist: A Human-AI Synergistic Framework for Automated Mechanical
Metamaterial Design | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.HC"
] | The discovery of novel mechanical metamaterials, whose properties are dominated by their engineered structures rather than chemical composition, is a knowledge-intensive and resource-demanding process. To accelerate the design of novel metamaterials, we present MetaScientist, a human-in-the-loop system that integrates ... | {
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2412.16271 | Long-Term Upper-Limb Prosthesis Myocontrol via High-Density sEMG and
Incremental Learning | [
"cs.RO",
"cs.LG"
] | Noninvasive human-machine interfaces such as surface electromyography (sEMG) have long been employed for controlling robotic prostheses. However, classical controllers are limited to few degrees of freedom (DoF). More recently, machine learning methods have been proposed to learn personalized controllers from user data... | {
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2412.16275 | LEARN: A Unified Framework for Multi-Task Domain Adapt Few-Shot Learning | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.AI",
"cs.LG"
] | Both few-shot learning and domain adaptation sub-fields in Computer Vision have seen significant recent progress in terms of the availability of state-of-the-art algorithms and datasets. Frameworks have been developed for each sub-field; however, building a common system or framework that combines both is something tha... | {
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2412.16276 | SGAC: A Graph Neural Network Framework for Imbalanced and
Structure-Aware AMP Classification | [
"q-bio.QM",
"cs.LG"
] | Classifying antimicrobial peptides(AMPs) from the vast array of peptides mined from metagenomic sequencing data is a significant approach to addressing the issue of antibiotic resistance. However, current AMP classification methods, primarily relying on sequence-based data, neglect the spatial structure of peptides, th... | {
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2412.16277 | Mapping the Mind of an Instruction-based Image Editing using SMILE | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.CV",
"cs.HC"
] | Despite recent advancements in Instruct-based Image Editing models for generating high-quality images, they are known as black boxes and a significant barrier to transparency and user trust. To solve this issue, we introduce SMILE (Statistical Model-agnostic Interpretability with Local Explanations), a novel model-agno... | {
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2412.16291 | Benchmarking LLMs and SLMs for patient reported outcomes | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.CL"
] | LLMs have transformed the execution of numerous tasks, including those in the medical domain. Among these, summarizing patient-reported outcomes (PROs) into concise natural language reports is of particular interest to clinicians, as it enables them to focus on critical patient concerns and spend more time in meaningfu... | {
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2412.16302 | Decoding Linguistic Nuances in Mental Health Text Classification Using
Expressive Narrative Stories | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.LG"
] | Recent advancements in NLP have spurred significant interest in analyzing social media text data for identifying linguistic features indicative of mental health issues. However, the domain of Expressive Narrative Stories (ENS)-deeply personal and emotionally charged narratives that offer rich psychological insights-rem... | {
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2412.16303 | Machine Learning Neutrino-Nucleus Cross Sections | [
"hep-ph",
"cs.LG",
"hep-ex",
"nucl-th"
] | Neutrino-nucleus scattering cross sections are critical theoretical inputs for long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. However, robust modeling of these cross sections remains challenging. For a simple but physically motivated toy model of the DUNE experiment, we demonstrate that an accurate neural-network mode... | {
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2412.16311 | HybGRAG: Hybrid Retrieval-Augmented Generation on Textual and Relational
Knowledge Bases | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AI",
"cs.IR"
] | Given a semi-structured knowledge base (SKB), where text documents are interconnected by relations, how can we effectively retrieve relevant information to answer user questions? Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) retrieves documents to assist large language models (LLMs) in question answering; while Graph RAG (GRAG)... | {
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2412.16318 | Principal-Agent Bandit Games with Self-Interested and Exploratory
Learning Agents | [
"cs.LG",
"stat.ML"
] | We study the repeated principal-agent bandit game, where the principal indirectly interacts with the unknown environment by proposing incentives for the agent to play arms. Most existing work assumes the agent has full knowledge of the reward means and always behaves greedily, but in many online marketplaces, the agent... | {
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2412.16323 | Optimizing Queries with Many-to-Many Joins | [
"cs.DB"
] | As database query processing techniques are being used to handle diverse workloads, a key emerging challenge is how to efficiently handle multi-way join queries containing multiple many-to-many joins. While uncommon in traditional enterprise settings that have been the focus of much of the query optimization work to da... | {
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2412.16325 | Towards Safe and Honest AI Agents with Neural Self-Other Overlap | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.CR"
] | As AI systems increasingly make critical decisions, deceptive AI poses a significant challenge to trust and safety. We present Self-Other Overlap (SOO) fine-tuning, a promising approach in AI Safety that could substantially improve our ability to build honest artificial intelligence. Inspired by cognitive neuroscience ... | {
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2412.16326 | When Worse is Better: Navigating the compression-generation tradeoff in
visual tokenization | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.LG"
] | Current image generation methods, such as latent diffusion and discrete token-based generation, depend on a two-stage training approach. In stage 1, an auto-encoder is trained to compress an image into a latent space; in stage 2, a generative model is trained to learn a distribution over that latent space. Most work fo... | {
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2412.16329 | Improving Object Detection for Time-Lapse Imagery Using Temporal
Features in Wildlife Monitoring | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.AI"
] | Monitoring animal populations is crucial for assessing the health of ecosystems. Traditional methods, which require extensive fieldwork, are increasingly being supplemented by time-lapse camera-trap imagery combined with an automatic analysis of the image data. The latter usually involves some object detector aimed at ... | {
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2412.16333 | Optimizing Fintech Marketing: A Comparative Study of Logistic Regression
and XGBoost | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AI",
"q-fin.ST",
"stat.AP"
] | As several studies have shown, predicting credit risk is still a major concern for the financial services industry and is receiving a lot of scholarly interest. This area of study is crucial because it aids financial organizations in determining the probability that borrowers would default, which has a direct bearing o... | {
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2412.16334 | DINOv2 Meets Text: A Unified Framework for Image- and Pixel-Level
Vision-Language Alignment | [
"cs.CV"
] | Self-supervised visual foundation models produce powerful embeddings that achieve remarkable performance on a wide range of downstream tasks. However, unlike vision-language models such as CLIP, self-supervised visual features are not readily aligned with language, hindering their adoption in open-vocabulary tasks. Our... | {
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2412.16335 | Improving Equity in Health Modeling with GPT4-Turbo Generated Synthetic
Data: A Comparative Study | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.CY"
] | Objective. Demographic groups are often represented at different rates in medical datasets. These differences can create bias in machine learning algorithms, with higher levels of performance for better-represented groups. One promising solution to this problem is to generate synthetic data to mitigate potential advers... | {
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2412.16336 | Real Faults in Deep Learning Fault Benchmarks: How Real Are They? | [
"cs.SE",
"cs.AI",
"cs.LG"
] | As the adoption of Deep Learning (DL) systems continues to rise, an increasing number of approaches are being proposed to test these systems, localise faults within them, and repair those faults. The best attestation of effectiveness for such techniques is an evaluation that showcases their capability to detect, locali... | {
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2412.16339 | Deliberative Alignment: Reasoning Enables Safer Language Models | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.AI",
"cs.CY",
"cs.LG"
] | As large-scale language models increasingly impact safety-critical domains, ensuring their reliable adherence to well-defined principles remains a fundamental challenge. We introduce Deliberative Alignment, a new paradigm that directly teaches the model safety specifications and trains it to explicitly recall and accur... | {
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2412.16341 | A Machine Learning Approach for Emergency Detection in Medical Scenarios
Using Large Language Models | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.CL"
] | The rapid identification of medical emergencies through digital communication channels remains a critical challenge in modern healthcare delivery, particularly with the increasing prevalence of telemedicine. This paper presents a novel approach leveraging large language models (LLMs) and prompt engineering techniques f... | {
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2412.16345 | Communications Performance Analysis of Wireless Multiple Access Channel
with Specially Correlated Sources | [
"cs.IT",
"cs.SY",
"eess.SY",
"math.IT"
] | From both practical and theoretical viewpoints, performance analysis of communication systems using information-theoretic results is very important. In this study, first, we obtain a general achievable rate for a two-user wireless multiple access channel (MAC) with specially correlated sources as a more general version... | {
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2412.16346 | SOUS VIDE: Cooking Visual Drone Navigation Policies in a Gaussian
Splatting Vacuum | [
"cs.RO",
"cs.CV",
"cs.LG",
"cs.SY",
"eess.SY"
] | We propose a new simulator, training approach, and policy architecture, collectively called SOUS VIDE, for end-to-end visual drone navigation. Our trained policies exhibit zero-shot sim-to-real transfer with robust real-world performance using only on-board perception and computation. Our simulator, called FiGS, couple... | {
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2412.16354 | Wireless communications with user equipment mounted Reconfigurable
Intelligent Surfaces | [
"eess.SP",
"cs.IT",
"math.IT"
] | In traditional Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) systems, the RIS is mounted on stationary structures like buildings, walls, or posts. They have shown promising results in enhancing the performance of wireless systems like capacity and MSE in poor channel conditions. The traditional RIS is a monolithic structur... | {
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2412.16355 | Social Science Is Necessary for Operationalizing Socially Responsible
Foundation Models | [
"cs.AI"
] | With the rise of foundation models, there is growing concern about their potential social impacts. Social science has a long history of studying the social impacts of transformative technologies in terms of pre-existing systems of power and how these systems are disrupted or reinforced by new technologies. In this posi... | {
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2412.16358 | Texture- and Shape-based Adversarial Attacks for Vehicle Detection in
Synthetic Overhead Imagery | [
"cs.CV"
] | Detecting vehicles in aerial images can be very challenging due to complex backgrounds, small resolution, shadows, and occlusions. Despite the effectiveness of SOTA detectors such as YOLO, they remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks (AAs), compromising their reliability. Traditional AA strategies often overlook the p... | {
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2412.16359 | Human-Readable Adversarial Prompts: An Investigation into LLM
Vulnerabilities Using Situational Context | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.AI"
] | Previous research on LLM vulnerabilities often relied on nonsensical adversarial prompts, which were easily detectable by automated methods. We address this gap by focusing on human-readable adversarial prompts, a more realistic and potent threat. Our key contributions are situation-driven attacks leveraging movie scri... | {
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2412.16361 | Toward Robust Neural Reconstruction from Sparse Point Sets | [
"cs.CV"
] | We consider the challenging problem of learning Signed Distance Functions (SDF) from sparse and noisy 3D point clouds. In contrast to recent methods that depend on smoothness priors, our method, rooted in a distributionally robust optimization (DRO) framework, incorporates a regularization term that leverages samples f... | {
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2412.16364 | A High-Quality Text-Rich Image Instruction Tuning Dataset via Hybrid
Instruction Generation | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.CL"
] | Large multimodal models still struggle with text-rich images because of inadequate training data. Self-Instruct provides an annotation-free way for generating instruction data, but its quality is poor, as multimodal alignment remains a hurdle even for the largest models. In this work, we propose LLaVAR-2, to enhance mu... | {
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2412.16365 | Overview of the First Workshop on Language Models for Low-Resource
Languages (LoResLM 2025) | [
"cs.CL",
"cs.AI"
] | The first Workshop on Language Models for Low-Resource Languages (LoResLM 2025) was held in conjunction with the 31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING 2025) in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. This workshop mainly aimed to provide a forum for researchers to share and discuss their ongoing w... | {
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2412.16367 | A Layered Swarm Optimization Method for Fitting Battery Thermal Runaway
Models to Accelerating Rate Calorimetry Data | [
"cs.CE"
] | Thermal runaway in lithium ion batteries is a critical safety concern for the battery industry due to its potential to cause uncontrolled temperature rises and subsequent fires that can engulf the battery pack and its surroundings. Modeling and simulation offer cost effective tools for designing strategies to mitigate ... | {
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2412.16369 | Navigating AI to Unpack Youth Privacy Concerns: An In-Depth Exploration
and Systematic Review | [
"cs.CY",
"cs.LG"
] | This systematic literature review investigates perceptions, concerns, and expectations of young digital citizens regarding privacy in artificial intelligence (AI) systems, focusing on social media platforms, educational technology, gaming systems, and recommendation algorithms. Using a rigorous methodology, the review ... | {
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2412.16373 | FairREAD: Re-fusing Demographic Attributes after Disentanglement for
Fair Medical Image Classification | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.AI",
"cs.CY"
] | Recent advancements in deep learning have shown transformative potential in medical imaging, yet concerns about fairness persist due to performance disparities across demographic subgroups. Existing methods aim to address these biases by mitigating sensitive attributes in image data; however, these attributes often car... | {
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2412.16375 | Iterative Encoding-Decoding VAEs Anomaly Detection in NOAA's DART Time
Series: A Machine Learning Approach for Enhancing Data Integrity for NASA's
GRACE-FO Verification and Validation | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AI",
"physics.geo-ph"
] | NOAA's Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) data are critical for NASA-JPL's tsunami detection, real-time operations, and oceanographic research. However, these time-series data often contain spikes, steps, and drifts that degrade data quality and obscure essential oceanographic features. To address t... | {
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2412.16378 | REFA: Reference Free Alignment for multi-preference optimization | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AI",
"cs.CL"
] | We introduce REFA, a family of reference-free alignment methods that optimize over multiple user preferences while enforcing fine-grained length control. Our approach integrates deviation-based weighting to emphasize high-quality responses more strongly, length normalization to prevent trivial short-response solutions,... | {
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2412.16380 | LiRCDepth: Lightweight Radar-Camera Depth Estimation via Knowledge
Distillation and Uncertainty Guidance | [
"cs.CV",
"eess.IV"
] | Recently, radar-camera fusion algorithms have gained significant attention as radar sensors provide geometric information that complements the limitations of cameras. However, most existing radar-camera depth estimation algorithms focus solely on improving performance, often neglecting computational efficiency. To addr... | {
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} |
2412.16381 | VerSe: Integrating Multiple Queries as Prompts for Versatile Cardiac MRI
Segmentation | [
"cs.CV",
"cs.AI",
"cs.HC"
] | Despite the advances in learning-based image segmentation approach, the accurate segmentation of cardiac structures from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains a critical challenge. While existing automatic segmentation methods have shown promise, they still require extensive manual corrections of the segmentation re... | {
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} |
2412.16382 | EMPRA: Embedding Perturbation Rank Attack against Neural Ranking Models | [
"cs.IR"
] | Recent research has shown that neural information retrieval techniques may be susceptible to adversarial attacks. Adversarial attacks seek to manipulate the ranking of documents, with the intention of exposing users to targeted content. In this paper, we introduce the Embedding Perturbation Rank Attack (EMPRA) method, ... | {
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} |
2412.16383 | A Herd of Young Mastodonts: the User-Centered Footprints of Newcomers
After Twitter Acquisition | [
"cs.SI"
] | The tremendous success of major Online Social Networks (OSNs) platforms has raised increasing concerns about negative phenomena, such as mass control, fake news, and echo chambers. In addition, the increasingly strict control over users' data by platform owners questions their trustworthiness as open interaction tools.... | {
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} |
2412.16385 | Collision-based Dynamics for Multi-Marginal Optimal Transport | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.LG",
"stat.CO"
] | Inspired by the Boltzmann kinetics, we propose a collision-based dynamics with a Monte Carlo solution algorithm that approximates the solution of the multi-marginal optimal transport problem via randomized pairwise swapping of sample indices. The computational complexity and memory usage of the proposed method scale li... | {
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} |
2412.16387 | Information Limits of Joint Community Detection and Finite Group
Synchronization | [
"cs.IT",
"math.IT"
] | The emerging problem of joint community detection and group synchronization, with applications in signal processing and machine learning, has been extensively studied in recent years. Previous research has predominantly focused on a statistical model that extends the stochastic block model~(SBM) by incorporating additi... | {
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} |
2412.16389 | Ethics and Technical Aspects of Generative AI Models in Digital Content
Creation | [
"cs.AI",
"cs.CY",
"cs.HC",
"cs.LG"
] | Generative AI models like GPT-4o and DALL-E 3 are reshaping digital content creation, offering industries tools to generate diverse and sophisticated text and images with remarkable creativity and efficiency. This paper examines both the capabilities and challenges of these models within creative workflows. While they ... | {
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} |
2412.16394 | GAT-RWOS: Graph Attention-Guided Random Walk Oversampling for Imbalanced
Data Classification | [
"cs.LG",
"stat.ML"
] | Class imbalance poses a significant challenge in machine learning (ML), often leading to biased models favouring the majority class. In this paper, we propose GAT-RWOS, a novel graph-based oversampling method that combines the strengths of Graph Attention Networks (GATs) and random walk-based oversampling. GAT-RWOS lev... | {
"Other": 0,
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} |
2412.16395 | Autonomous Option Invention for Continual Hierarchical Reinforcement
Learning and Planning | [
"cs.AI"
] | Abstraction is key to scaling up reinforcement learning (RL). However, autonomously learning abstract state and action representations to enable transfer and generalization remains a challenging open problem. This paper presents a novel approach for inventing, representing, and utilizing options, which represent tempor... | {
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} |
2412.16401 | Clarke Transform and Encoder-Decoder Architecture for Arbitrary Joints
Locations in Displacement-Actuated Continuum Robots | [
"cs.RO"
] | In this paper, we consider an arbitrary number of joints and their arbitrary joint locations along the center line of a displacement-actuated continuum robot. To achieve this, we revisit the derivation of the Clarke transform leading to a formulation capable of considering arbitrary joint locations. The proposed modifi... | {
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} |
2412.16406 | Learning Disease Progression Models That Capture Health Disparities | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AI",
"cs.CY",
"stat.AP",
"stat.ML"
] | Disease progression models are widely used to inform the diagnosis and treatment of many progressive diseases. However, a significant limitation of existing models is that they do not account for health disparities that can bias the observed data. To address this, we develop an interpretable Bayesian disease progressio... | {
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} |
2412.16409 | Uncertainty Quantification in Continual Open-World Learning | [
"cs.LG",
"cs.AI",
"cs.CV"
] | AI deployed in the real-world should be capable of autonomously adapting to novelties encountered after deployment. Yet, in the field of continual learning, the reliance on novelty and labeling oracles is commonplace albeit unrealistic. This paper addresses a challenging and under-explored problem: a deployed AI agent ... | {
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} |
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