| --- |
| license: cc-by-4.0 |
| language: |
| - el |
| pretty_name: MORFES |
| size_categories: |
| - n<1K |
| annotations_creators: |
| - expert-generated |
| language_creators: |
| - expert-generated |
| source_datasets: |
| - original |
| task_categories: |
| - multiple-choice |
| - text-generation |
| tags: |
| - morphology |
| - inflection |
| - modern-greek |
| - greek |
| - linguistics |
| - evaluation |
| configs: |
| - config_name: default |
| data_files: |
| - split: test |
| path: morfes.csv |
| --- |
| |
| <div style="max-width:820px"> |
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| <div style="display:flex;align-items:center;gap:18px;padding:16px 20px;margin-bottom:16px;max-width:820px;border-radius:14px;background:linear-gradient(100deg,#e8f5ec 0%,#f7fbf8 62%);border:1px solid #c6e7d1"><img alt="Sophea AI" style="flex:0 0 auto;height:58px;width:58px;border-radius:12px;object-fit:contain" src="data:image/webp;base64,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"/><div><div style="font-size:1.24rem;font-weight:700;color:#003713;line-height:1.2">MORFES</div><div style="font-size:.86rem;color:#3a5a47;margin-top:2px">Benchmark for Productive Inflectional Competence in Modern Greek</div></div></div> |
|
|
| **MORFES** (Morphological Open-class Recognition-and-Formation Evaluation Suite; also μορφές, Greek for "forms") is a benchmark of 500 expert-verified items testing productive inflectional competence in Modern Greek. |
|
|
| - **Task:** Modern Greek inflectional morphology (recognition and production) |
| - **Languages:** Greek |
| - **Size:** 500 items |
| - **License:** CC-BY-4.0 |
|
|
| <div style="border:1px solid #c6e7d1;border-radius:12px;padding:16px 18px;margin:8px 0 22px;max-width:820px;background:#f7fbf8"> |
| <div style="font-size:.72rem;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#0b6b39;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px">Resources</div> |
| <div style="font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.5;color:#3a5a47;margin-bottom:12px">MORFES is introduced and described in the accompanying paper.<br>Sophea-Genesis-1, an open Greek language model, is released alongside it.<br>On MORFES it is the most accurate of the open models we evaluated.</div> |
| <div style="display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px"> |
| <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.28274" style="text-decoration:none;padding:6px 14px;border-radius:8px;background:#003713;color:#fff;font-size:.85rem;font-weight:600">📄 Read the paper (arXiv)</a> |
| <a href="https://huggingface.co/KIEFERSA/Sophea-Genesis-1" style="text-decoration:none;padding:6px 14px;border-radius:8px;background:#ffffff;color:#003713;border:1px solid #c6e7d1;font-size:.85rem;font-weight:600">🤖 Sophea-Genesis-1 (model)</a> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
|
|
| Given a lemma (dictionary form) and a grammatical specification, each item probes whether a model can recognize and produce the correct inflected form. MORFES favors lower-frequency lemmas so that a correct answer reflects the productive rule rather than a memorized form. The full construct, item selection, frequency control, and evaluation are described in the accompanying paper. |
|
|
| ## Categories |
|
|
| The 500 items span six categories: the three richly inflecting open classes (noun, adjective, verb), each in a single-form and a full-paradigm variant. |
|
|
| | Category | Items | |
| |---|---:| |
| | Noun declension: single form | 50 | |
| | Noun declension: full paradigm | 50 | |
| | Adjective declension: single form | 50 | |
| | Adjective declension: full paradigm | 50 | |
| | Verb conjugation: single form | 150 | |
| | Verb conjugation: full paradigm | 150 | |
|
|
| A single-form item asks for one cell of a paradigm (for example the genitive singular of a noun); a full-paradigm item asks for a complete sub-table (for example all six persons of a verb tense). The set is verb-weighted, with 300 of the 500 items verbs: the verb is the most richly inflecting of the three, with far more distinct forms than a noun or adjective, so an equal split would under-sample the open class that inflects the most. |
|
|
| ## Data fields |
|
|
| One row per item, 10 columns: |
|
|
| | Column | Description | |
| |---|---| |
| | `id` | Stable item identifier, for example `gr-00001`. | |
| | `category` | One of the six categories above. | |
| | `question` | The item prompt, in Greek. | |
| | `A`, `B`, `C`, `D` | The four candidate forms. Their order is randomized per item. | |
| | `answer` | The letter (`A` to `D`) of the correct option. | |
| | `accepted_answers` | The correct surface form(s), as a JSON string: a flat list for single-form items (for example `["θέρισαν", "θερίσανε"]`, the aorist third-person plural of «θερίζω», "to reap"), and a list of per-cell lists for full-paradigm items. Greek often admits more than one correct form for a single specification. | |
| | `lemma` | The base (dictionary) form the item is built on. One distinct lemma per item. | |
|
|
| The file is a UTF-8 CSV; standard loaders read it directly: |
|
|
| ```python |
| from datasets import load_dataset |
| |
| ds = load_dataset("KIEFERSA/MORFES", split="test") |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## Contamination control |
|
|
| Each item's `lemma` is provided so users can hold these lemmas out of a model's training data and guard against contamination. Every item is built on a distinct lemma, and the requested form is never the lemma's dictionary form, so no item can be answered by repeating a word from the prompt. |
|
|
| ## Citation |
|
|
| If you use MORFES, please cite: |
|
|
| ```bibtex |
| @misc{perros2026morfes, |
| title = {{MORFES}: A Benchmark for Productive Inflectional Competence in Modern Greek}, |
| author = {Perros, Ioakeim and Papadopoulou, Cleopatra and Kirouane, Ayoub and Petrocheilos, Christos}, |
| year = {2026}, |
| howpublished = {\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/KIEFERSA/MORFES}}, |
| note = {arXiv:2607.28274} |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## License |
|
|
| MORFES is released under the [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) license. You may share and adapt the data, including for commercial use, provided you give appropriate attribution; please attribute by citing the paper above. |
|
|
| </div> |
|
|
