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the goal of the magnetic fields, atmospheres, and the connection to habitability (mach) research center is to answer questions about planet habitability, atmosphere loss and magnetic fields by investigating and comparing atmospheric escape processes, drivers, and magnetic fields of different planets in our solar system... | understanding the role of mercury in investigating the connection between planetary habitability, atmospheres, and magnetic fields. |
life has played a key role in shaping the atmosphere since its origin on earth, but modelling the biosphere's impact on climate is complicated by the range of time and spatial scales involved. 3d climate models have successfully been used to spatially resolve key processes, but on relatively short time scales compared ... | towards coupled modelling of the biosphere and atmosphere for the archean climate: the importance of methane |
future exoplanet direct imaging missions, such as habex and luvoir, will select target stars to maximize the number of earth-like exoplanets that can have their atmospheric compositions characterized. because one of these missions' aims is to detect biosignatures, they should also consider the expected biosignature yie... | a framework for relative biosignature yields from future direct imaging missions |
one of the primary inquiries of astronomy is to determine for small exoplanets (1) whether they have an atmosphere, and (2) what their atmospheres are made of. to date, we have answered the first question for only one planet that is rocky in composition and lacking an h2-dominated atmosphere (i.e., a super-earth): 55 c... | determining the atmospheric composition of the super-earth 55 cancri e |
the star-planet activity research cubesat (sparcs) mission is a dedicated 6u cubesat mission aimed at characterizing the quiescent and flare behavior of low-mass (0.1 to 0.6 msun) m-dwarf stars. information learned through short- (hours) and long- (days) term observations in two ultraviolet (uv) bands will be key to in... | uv detectors and instrumentation for exoplanet studies |
over one hundred planets have been discovered through direct imaging in the near infrared. however, most planets with known temperatures are hot and emit most of their flux in the mid-ir. imaging at longer wavelengths could help us put stringent constraints on planet's radii, temperatures and chemical compositions and ... | planets in a different light: the potential of direct imaging in the mid-infrared |
multi-band photometric transit observations or low resolution spectroscopy (spectro-photometry) are normally used to retrieve the broadband transmission spectra of transiting exoplanets in order to assess the chemical composition of their atmospheres. here, we present an alternative approach for recovering the broadban... | chocolate: a new chromatic line-profile tomography technique to retrieve transmission spectroscopy |
nasa's next possible venus mission concept within the discovery program is "davinci+", a multi-spacecraft approach designed to resolve major scientific questions remaining about venus, and venus analogs beyond our solar system. the architecture, payload, and timeline of this ground-breaking mission will be discussed. d... | deep atmosphere venus investigation of noble gases, chemistry, and imaging plus (davinci+): discovering a new venus via a flyby, probe, orbiter mission |
aerosols control the energy budget of an atmosphere and how much light is reflected, absorbed, and re-radiated. aerosols in exoplanet atmospheres are commonly defined as either clouds (formed via condensation) or hazes (formed via photochemical reactions). the effect of aerosols as scattering in the uv-optical and muti... | good vibrations: directly measuring exoplanet aerosol compositions with miri spectroscopy |
since the discovery of the first exoplanets, a prime aspiration has been characterization of planets akin to our own earth. jwst will, for the first time, enable observations of the atmospheres of terrestrial planets, allowing us to understand the nature and diversity and ultimately the habitability of earth-like world... | probing the terrestrial planet trappist-1c for the presence of an atmosphere |
some arid regions of the earth have been found to display similar salt compositions to those found on mars, leading to research proposing that atmospheric deposition, as a soil formation process, may be similar on the two planets. sulfate is a major salt compound in peruvian (and mars) soils. the objective of this rese... | formation mechanisms of mars-like soils in southern peru's hyper-arid sechura-atacama desert |
the juno spacecraft brought the accuracy of jupiter's gravity field measurements to the next level, impacting our understanding of the internal structure of the planet. recently, new models of jupiter's interior emerged, involving a now so-called dilute core, where the heavy elements are progressively increasing outwar... | how extended is jupiter's dilute core ? |
low-density planets struggle to hold on to their atmospheres when theyre blasted with high-energy radiation from a close-by host star. new observations have caught a view of one such escaping atmosphere using a powerful tracer: helium.atmosphere on the runwhen a planet orbits close to its star, incoming ultraviolet rad... | spotting a faint escaping atmosphere |
the modeling of various exoplanet physical domains (e.g. atmosphere and magnetosphere) is usually performed independently for each domain despite their considerable mutual interactions. the upper layer of the atmosphere is photoionized by stellar irradiation which impacts the ionospheric conductivity. the conductivity,... | combined atmosphere-magnetosphere modeling of trappist-1h to discern the atmospheric profile |
over the past few years, the exoplanet research community has been discovering that hot jupiters with dayside temperatures above ~2500 k exhibit distinct characteristics compared to their colder peers. my thesis work provided new insights into the atmospheric composition and circulation of these "ultra-hot" jupiters th... | developing and testing a novel physical model for ultra-hot jupiter atmospheres |
thousands of exoplanets are known to orbit nearby stars with evidence that nearly all stars in our milky way galaxy have planets. beyond their discovery, a new era of ``exoplanet characterization'' is underway with an astonishing diversity of exoplanets driving the fields of planet formation and evolution, interior str... | exoplanets: from discovery to characterization and beyond |
internal redox reactions may irreversibly alter the mantle composition and volatile inventory of terrestrial and super-earth exoplanets and affect the prospects for atmospheric observations. the global efficacy of these mechanisms, however, hinges on the transfer of reduced iron from the molten silicate mantle to the m... | redox hysteresis of super-earth exoplanets from magma ocean circulation |
the trappist-1 planets have become prime targets for studying the habitability of planets around m-dwarf stars. modeling geochemical cycles in these planets can provide insight on their evolution and their potential for habitability. through planet formation and long-term tectonic evolution, there is an exchange of vol... | carbon cycling on the trappist-1 planets |
the extremely inflated sub-saturn kelt-11b has one of the lowest surface gravities of any planet discovered to date. it also has a high equilibrium temperature and a host star that is a bright, metal-rich, sub-giant that is part of the retired a-star class. this makes kelt-11b one of the best and most interesting targe... | atmospheric characterization of the extremely inflated sub-saturn kelt-11b with tess, hst, and spitzer |
the physical characteristics and atmospheric chemical composition of newly discovered exoplanets are often inferred from their transit spectra which are obtained from complex numerical models of radiative transfer. alternatively, simple analytical expressions provide insightful physical intuition into the relevant atmo... | application of symbolic regression and dimensionality reduction to forward models of radiative transfer in planetary atmospheres |
giant planet atmospheres in our solar system show a complicated abundance pattern that is as yet incompletely determined (see the comprehensive review by s.k. atreya et al in saturn in the 21st century, eds. baines et al. pp. 5-43. cup 2019). carbon in the form of methane has been measured for all four giant planets, a... | properties of gas giant atmospheres: key compositional constraints in the solar system and exoplanetary systems |
introductionthe large diversity of planetary worlds has been firmly established, since the discovery of the first exoplanet in 1995. some planets have the size of jupiter and orbit at very close distances from their host star, making them "hot jupiter" with atmospheric temperatures as high as 2000 k. to understand how ... | high temperature vuv cross-section measurements for the study of hot exoplanets\' atmospheres: new line list and temperature dependance of a1π-x1σ+ co transition, 3 ≤v\' ≤ 10 and v" = 0, 1 |
the atmospheric composition of exoplanets with masses between 2 and 10 m⊕ is poorly known. in that regard, the sub-neptune k2-18b offers a valuable opportunity for the characterisation of such atmospheres under earth-like stellar irradiation. previous analyses of its transmission spectrum from the kepler, hubble and sp... | 1d atmospheric modelling of k2-18b |
high contrast imaging of faint objects nearby the bright objects is a challenging task due to it requires a high angular resolution and high dynamic range detections concurrently. for imaging older and less massive are required spectroscopic and achromatic high contrast imaging. moreover, large broadband is extreme cha... | evaginated apodization coronagraph |
multi-band photometric transit observations or low resolution spectroscopy (spectro-photometry) are normally used to retrieve the broadband transmission spectra of transiting exoplanets in order to assess the chemical composition of their atmospheres. in this work, we present an alternative approach for recovering the ... | retrieving the transmission spectrum of hd209458b using chocolate: a new chromatic line-profile technique |
stellar variability caused by surface magnetic activity poses a great challenge to accurately and precisely characterize the atmospheres of transiting exoplanets. we present a preliminary analysis of the effects of unocculted star spots at ir wavelengths on planetary transmission and emission spectra. we will explore h... | stellar variability effects on transit spectroscopy |
the presence of life on earth is clearly visible in the composition of earth's atmosphere, most notably via the presence of significant quantities of oxygen from photosynthesis. however, many planets beyond our solar system may form with more water than earth, becoming "waterworlds" on which the surface is completely c... | ocean ventilation, nutrient cycling, and oxygen-based biosignatures on exoplanet waterworlds |
transmission spectroscopy of transiting exoplanets provides our best opportunity to identify the makeup of planetary atmospheres in the coming decade. however, stellar surface brightness inhomogeneities due to features such as star spots, can impact these measurements and contaminate the observed spectra. the pandora s... | the pandora smallsat: status and design updates |
aerosols are present in every substantial planetary atmosphere of the solar system and in that of exoplanets. aerosols affect the chemistry, dynamics and flux of radiation in these atmospheres. they can provide organic material to the surface and modify their temperature and consequently have an impact on the habitabil... | laboratory investigation of the molecular composition of (exo-)planetary organic aerosols |
traditional approaches for determining the atmospheres of exoplanets from telescopic spectral data (i.e., atmospheric retrievals) involve time-consuming and compute-intensive bayesian sampling methods, requiring a compromise between physical and chemical realism and overall computational feasibility. for rocky, terrest... | inara: intelligent exoplanet atmospheric retrieval a machine learning retrieval framework with a data set of 3 million simulated exoplanet atmospheric spectra |
we investigate the potential for the james webb space telescope (jwst) to detect and characterize the atmospheres of the sub-neptunian exoplanets in the toi-270 system. we model their atmospheres using three atmospheric compositions - two examples of hydrogen-dominated atmospheres and a water-dominated atmosphere. we t... | atmospheric properties of sub-neptune planets : toi-270 system& |
as we move towards the efforts to characterize small and potentially rocky planets by the james webb space telescope and ground-based extremely-large telescopes, there is an increasing need for improved model realism to better predict the habitability and observational fingerprints of planets orbiting low-mass stars. p... | the 3d effects of large stellar flares on habitable zone planets |
the nasa frontier development laboratory (fdl) is an annual science accelerator that focuses on applying machine learning and large-scale computing to challenges in space science and exploration. during the 2018 fdl program, we implemented a cloud-based strategy to better understand the statistical distributions of hab... | exo-atmos: a scalable grid of hypothetical planetary atmospheres |
in this presentation, we will illustrate augmented reality (ar) resources developed by inaf (the italian national institute of astrophysics) for communicating astronomy, distributed to schools and the general public by eduinaf, the online magazine devoted to education and outreach, (https://edu.inaf.it/). the impact of... | learning astronomy through augmented reality: eduinaf resources to enhance students' motivation and understanding |
every solar system object that has a significant atmosphere also possesses atmospheric aerosols, from the sulfuric acid clouds of venus to the organic hazes of pluto. evidence is mounting that the majority of planets discovered beyond our solar system - exoplanets - are also ladened with aerosols. aerosols greatly impa... | applying an earth-based aerosol microphysics model to other solar system worlds and beyond |
the high-contrast imaging technique is poised to provide insights into those planets orbiting several astronomical units from their host star so that their equilibrium temperature is low enough to let different chemical and dynamical behavior emerge (e.g., condensation mechanism, cold trap effects, etc.) with respect t... | atmospheric characterization of temperate rocky planets through reflection spectroscopy |
clouds and hazes play a major role in (exo)planetary atmospheres. they can absorb and reflect light from uv to thermal infrared wavelengths, changing the atmospheric emission, reflection, and transmission spectra dramatically. the organic aerosols forming the haze can act as cloud condensation nuclei. then can also set... | on the importance of producing and characterizing laboratory analogs of planetary atmospheric aerosols and clouds and their use to interpret observations |
by generalizing the theory of convection to any type of thermal and compositional source terms (diabatic processes), we show that thermohaline convection in earth's oceans, fingering convection in stellar atmospheres, and moist convection in earth's atmosphere are derived from the same general diabatic convective insta... | thermo-compositional diabatic convection in the atmospheres of brown dwarfs, exoplanets, and in earth's atmosphere and oceans |
the earth is a habitable, dynamic planet, with plate tectonics creating a deep water and carbon cycle. these cycles regulate surface and atmospheric c and water abundances, and therefore long-term climate, which is vital to earths habitability. the driving force behind plate tectonics is the convection of the mantle. t... | before biology: geologic habitability and setting the chemical and physical foundations for life |
thousands of exoplanets have been discovered with a huge range of masses, sizes and orbits. the next step to characterize them is to study their atmosphere. the atmospheres of giant planets are mostly made of hydrogen and helium. the relevant questions therefore concern the amounts of all elements other than hydrogen a... | spectroscopic observations of hot-jupiters with the hubble wfc3 camera |
results from kepler indicate that m dwarfs host, on average, at least 1.4 planets between 0.5 and 1.5 earth radii per star. yet, the closest small planets known to transit m dwarfs have been too distant to allow doppler measurements of their masses or spectroscopic studies of their atmospheres. here, we announce a new ... | a rocky planet transiting a nearby low-mass star |
thousands of exoplanets have been discovered in last two decades, including a sample of rocky worlds in the habitable zones of their host stars. assessing their habitability will rely on the observation and characterization of atmospheres of these distant worlds. laboratory simulations can provide critical information ... | habitability of rocky exoplanets: insight from laboratory simulations |
photochemical hazes have been frequently used to interpret exoplanet transmission spectra that show an upward slope towards shorter wavelengths and weak molecular features. while previous studies have only considered spherical haze particles, photochemical hazes composed of hydrocarbon aggregate particles are common th... | aggregate hazes in exoplanetary atmospheres |
the chemical composition of the earth and the inner solar system is very different than the primordial matter that formed the sun and the giant planets. we still do not know if this pattern is generally reproduced among rocky exoplanets, but there are plenty of reasons to think that it does. such differences are linked... | the origin of rocky planets and their atmospheres: a rhapsody in infrared |
our accepted jwst early release science (ers) program, high contrast imaging of exoplanets and exoplanetary systems with jwst, has been awarded ~54 hours of observing time and will perform: a) coronagraphic imaging of a directly imaged exoplanetary companion and a well-studied circumstellar debris disk from 3-15 micron... | high contrast imaging of exoplanets and exoplanetary systems with jwst |
young planets hold unparalleled keys to understanding planet formation and evolution. multiple transiting planets form the best laboratories to rigorously test theories; by scaling one planet to another in a multiple system, the host star's uncertain history can be negated. the young (23 myr) v1298 tau system offers us... | the nature, origin, and fate of two planets of a newborn system through the lens of their relative atmospheric properties |
venus displays the best-known case of polar vortices evolving in a fast-rotating atmosphere. polar vortices are pervasive in the solar system and may also be present in atmosphere-bearing exoplanets. while much progress has been made since the early suggestion that the venus clouds are h2o-h2so4 liquid droplets (young ... | the venus emissivity mapper - investigating the atmospheric structure and dynamics of venus’ polar region |
tessera terrain are the stratigraphically oldest materials on venus, predating the volcanic plains that cover the majority of the planet. a revised estimate of the surface crater age of the tesserae may be as old as 1.75 ga, which overlaps with models that predict a more clement venus during the first 2-3 ga of venus h... | the ancient environments of venus as recorded by tessera terrain |
the near-infrared helium triplet is now an established tracer of the upper atmosphere of exoplanets. however, the presence of metastable helium in exoplanet atmospheres lies on a delicate balance between the extreme ultra-violet flux emitted by the star and the distance of the planet to its star. exoplanets in mild-con... | search for the presence of helium in the atmospheres of ten exoplanets with spirou |
conditions leading to explosion or/and combustion in exoplanetary atmospheres are investigated for different atmospheric composition, temperature and pressure. cases considered are super-earths orbiting in the habitable zone of m-dwarf stars with atmospheres consisting of abiotically-produced molecular oxygen together ... | explosion-combustion in exoplanetary atmospheres |
abundant atmospheric o2 is a promising indication of life for terrestrial planets orbiting sun-like stars. however,many non-biological processes could also lead to o2 accumulation in the atmospheres of potentially habitable planets around sun-like stars. future direct image spectroscopy telescopes must be constructed t... | simulated retrievals of o2 false positives with next generation telescopes |
the planetary ice laboratory has been developed at the university of bern to measure various reflectance properties of analogues for small bodies and planetary surfaces with a special focus on icy surfaces. its core facilities are a set of devices to produce well-characterized and reproducible analogue samples and a se... | reflectance properties of analogues for small bodies and planetary surfaces. overview of experimental characterizations at the university of bern |
the provenance of planets 1.5 - 2 times the size of the earth is one of the biggest unresolved mysteries from the kepler mission. determining the nature and origins of these exoplanets relies not only on measuring their radii, but also requires knowledge about their masses, atmospheric compositions, and interior struct... | rocky or not, here we come: further revealing the internal structures of k2-21b+c through transit timing |
brown dwarfs and exoplanets are thought to share physical properties such as radii similar to jupiter, cool temperatures, and clouds in their atmospheres. warm, young brown dwarfs (~ 2000 k, < 100 myr) look spectroscopically similar to massive exoplanets and their cloud properties are likely to be similar to those o... | constraining the properties of the dust haze in the atmospheres of young brown dwarfs |
transiting exoplanets are amenable to characterization because they absorb and scatter light from their host star when interrupting our line of sight. the wavelength dependence of the transit constrains the composition of the atmosphere. this in turn can be used to understand a planet's temperature profile and the poss... | the unusual disintegrating planet candidate kic 125557548b and hot jupiter corot-1b in transmission |
the current best candidates for habitable exoplanets have been detected orbiting m-dwarf stars. such stars are quite common, and their low brightness and the short orbital periods of their planets both aid observations. many m dwarf stars are known to produce stellar flares, phenomena where the star releases substantia... | 3d modelling of the impact of stellar flares on earth-like rocky planets orbiting m dwarf stars |
m dwarf is not only one of the lowest mass star in the main sequence stars, but also the most numerous stars in the milky way. planets and habitable zones around m dwarfs are usually closer to their host star than f, g, k-type stars, so it is more convenient for us to discover new planets and observe habitable planets.... | the statistical investigation of exoplanets around m dwarfs |
photosynthesis in our planet sustains all life by converting the radiation from our sun to chemical energy. this metabolic route only requires water and carbon dioxide (hall & rao 1999; blankenship 2021) to be present in any exoplanet retaining an atmosphere (hu et al. 2012; trifonov et al. 2021) and transform the ... | exophot: developing a new metric for measuring the fitness of photosystem activity in an exoplanetary environment. |
atmospheric chemistry controls the observable composition of an exoplanet. therefore, understanding how chemistry operates in exoplanetary atmospheres is necessary for answering a wide range of questions regarding their formation, evolution, habitability, and atmospheric processes. this chapter presents the state of th... | atmospheric chemistry |
among the thousands of exoplanets that have been detected, only a select few dozen have been directly imaged. because direct imaging allows us to take a spectrum of a planet's atmosphere, it allows us to obtain new information crucial to our understanding of a planet, such as the composition of the clouds that often en... | exoplanet imaging — studying clouds on other worlds with polarimetry |
it is imperative that the exoplanet community determines the feasibility and the resources needed to yield high fidelity atmospheric compositions from terrestrial exoplanets. in particular, lhs 1140b and the trappist-1 system, already slated for observations by jwst’s guaranteed time observers, will be the first two te... | optimal strategies for probing terrestrial exoplanet atmospheres with jwst |
high resolution spectra is the standard source to derive precise radial velocities. with the development of state-of-art instrumentation, like espresso, we are able to have higher resolutions and long term stability.during a transit the star light from a observer point of view is filtered in the day-night terminator of... | carm: retrieving exoplanets transmission spectra with high resolution spectroscopy |
we explore volcanic outgassing on stagnant-lid exoplanets of different interior structures and compositions. we study planets of 1-8 me (earth masses) (figure 1), that have refractory bulk abundances that are compatible with abundance proxies of planet-hosting stars (i.e., mg/si, fe/si). with a set of more than 1400 su... | occurrence of outgassed atmospheres on stagnant-lid super-earths |
the twinkle space mission is a space-based observatory that has been conceived to measure the atmospheric composition of exoplanets, stars and solar system objects. twinkle's collaborative multi-year global survey programmes will deliver visible and infrared spectroscopy of thousands of objects within and beyond our so... | twinkle: update on the international, collaborative exoplanet survey |
the hst-tess exoplanet initiative (htei) was recently recommended by stsci to capitalize on the wealth of nearby sub-neptunes discovered by the transiting exoplanet survey satellite (tess). even though sub-neptunes are very common, there are still major open questions about how they form and evolve. direct measurements... | the space program: a sub-neptune planetary atmosphere characterization experiment |
summary: as part of the nasa frontier development lab, we implemented a parallelized cloud-based exploration strategy to better understand the statistical distributions and properties of potential planetary atmospheres. starting with a modern-day earth atmosphere, we iteratively and incrementally simulated a range of a... | exo-atmos: a scalable grid of hypothetical planetary atmospheres |
high-resolution spectroscopy (r>25,000) is a robust and powerful tool in the near-infrared characterization of exoplanet atmospheres. it has unambiguously revealed the presence of carbon monoxide and water in several hot jupiters, measured the rotation rate of beta pic b, and suggested the presence of fast day-to-ni... | new frontiers of high-resolution spectroscopy: probing the atmospheres of brown dwarfs and reflected light from exoplanets |
today, more that 4000 exoplanets have been detected, with super-earths being the most common in our galaxy. we still know very little about these planets, with their basic parameters such as radius and mass — when available — suggesting a great variety among them. however, the density alone does not reveal the chemical... | k2-18b: first water vapour detection in a habitable-zone planet |
the color filters on plato 2.0 could constrain atmospheric composition for hot jupiters up to 100pc away and low mass low density planets up to 25pc away. | atmospheric characterisation of exoplanets via broadband color filters on the plato 2.0 mission |
next-generation ground- and space-based infrared telescopes will be capable of measuring the atmospheric compositions of smaller and cooler planets than previous-workhorses spitzer or hubble. it is critical that we understand the limitations of these new and upcoming instruments prior to making observations in order to... | realistic simulations of novel exoplanet observatories |
the global electric current (gec) is dependent on both the atmosphere (ionosphere) and the surface of the planet as its boundaries. the gec discharges itself in two major ways — with fair weather currents occurring in cloudless conditions and lightning occurring in thunderstorms. whether a planetary electric current (p... | a bolt from the blue — lightning on terrestrial exoplanets |
the kepler mission has uncovered a handful of long-period transiting exoplanets that orbit in the cold outer reaches of their systems, despite their low transit probabilities. recent work suggests that cold gas giant exoplanet atmospheres are amenable to transmission spectroscopy (the analysis of the transit depth vers... | transit recovery of kepler-167e: providing jwst with an unprecedented jupiter-analog exoplanet target |
the magma ocean period was a critical phase determining how earth's atmosphere developed into habitability. however, there are major uncertainties in the role of key processes such as outgassing from the planetary interior and escape of species to space that play a major role in determining the atmosphere of early eart... | effect of mantle oxidation state on the magma ocean atmospheric evolution |
one of the legacies of the kepler mission is the preponderance of planets between earth and neptune in radius; a major goal of atmospheric studies is to characterize planets spanning this size range. what is the range of compositions of these objects, and does these compositions correlate with planet mass (or some othe... | investigating metal-enrichment, tidal heating, and clouds in the emission and transmission spectra of gj 436b |
the discovery of thousands of new planetary candidates over the last decade has revolutionized the field of planet formation. one of kepler's key findings is that the most abundant planets in our galaxy, observed to date, are larger than earth but smaller than neptune. intriguingly, further observations have revealed a... | the atmosphere-interior connection of super-earths and sub-neptunes: from formation and evolution to observations. |
the habitability of exoplanets is of much interest to scientists today. a variety of exoplanets have been found orbiting other stars. these planets in other solar systems may have the possibility of one day hosting human life. therefore, this study aims to examine the potential habitability of a planet entirely covered... | understanding the habitability of a hypothetical water planet |
jwst presents the opportunity to transform our understanding of planets and the origins of life by revealing the atmospheric compositions, structures, and dynamics of transiting exoplanets in unprecedented detail. however, the high-precision, time-series observations required for such investigations have unique technic... | the transiting exoplanet community early release science program |
recently, the tess spacecraft uncovered an exciting three-planet system that included its first habitable zone terrestrial planet, toi-700 d. this system orbits an m2v dwarf located 31 pc away from earth. previous studies of the toi-700 system have not included photochemistry, but photochemistry can strongly impact pla... | photochemistry in tess's first habitable zone terrestrial planet, toi-700 d |
interaction between the interior and atmosphere of a terrestrial planet is affected by the bulk composition of this planet. to identify these effects, we first need information on the parameter space, which tells us where to look. we present constraints on the range of possible compositions of terrestrial planets, by a... | constraining the range of bulk terrestrial exoplanet compositions, and their effects on coupled interior-atmosphere evolution |
characterizing the atmospheres of small and temperate exoplanets observationally will make a great stride forward in determining their potential habitability. with an equilibrium temperature <300 k, the sub-neptune k2-18 b has spectral features detected at 1.1 – 1.7 microns in transmission, and thus an h2/he-dominat... | deep characterization of the atmosphere of a temperate sub-neptune |
by measuring the geometric albedo of a planet, the reflectivity of its atmosphere can be determined. this constitutes a vital piece of information when trying to characterise the nature of the planetary atmosphere. the albedo of a planet can be determined by measuring the drop in observed stellar flux when the planet i... | cheops geometric albedo measurements of benchmark hot jupiters |
as confirmed exoplanets climb into the thousands, the era of exoplanets discovery is giving way to exoplanet characterization. the most desirable scenario is one where the exoplanet can be directly imaged. direct imaging not only delivers orbital parameters, but also yields the chemical composition of the atmosphere. t... | imaging exoplanets with nulling interferometry using integrated-photonics: the glint project |
habitability, a.k.a. habitat suitability, is a topic typically discussed in biology class. we present here a curriculum unit that introduces the topic in a physics classroom, allowing students to engage in cutting-edge science and re-framing an otherwise "typical" unit. unit development was made possible by the climate... | bringing exoplanet habitability investigations to high school |
relatively little is understood about the atmospheric composition of warm exoplanets (equilibrium temperature teq < 1000 k), as many of them are found to have uncharacteristically flat spectra (e.g., [1]). their flattened spectra are likely due to opacity sources such as planet-wide photochemical hazes and condensat... | cleaning our cloudy and hazy lens for warm exoplanets |
stellar flares present challenges to the potential habitability of terrestrial planets orbiting m dwarf stars through inducing changes in the atmospheric composition and irradiating the pianet's surface in large amounts of ultraviolet light. to ex- amine their impact, we have coupled a general circulation model called ... | simulating the impact of stellar flares on the climate and habitability of terrestrial earth–like exoplanets |
ultra-short-period (usp) planets have orbital periods shorter than a day and are therefore being blasted by radiation from their host stars. the majority of these small usp planets have bulk densities consistent with earth-like compositions, with two notable exceptions clearly showing lower densities: 55 cnc e and wasp... | exploring the boundary between rocky and gaseous planets with wasp-47 e |
jwst will enable high signal-to-noise spectroscopic observations of the atmospheres of transiting planets with high sensitivity at wavelengths that are inaccessible with hst or other existing facilities. we plan to exploit this by measuring abundances, chemical compositions, cloud properties, and temperature-pressure p... | characterizing transiting exoplanet atmospheres using nircam grism spectra |
from our solar system, we know that gas giant planets are covered in clouds and we expect the same to hold true for many exoplanet gas giants. knowing the composition and size of cloud particles and where they form within exoplanet atmospheres is crucial to understand exoplanet observations. the first step in cloud for... | the effect of thermal non-equilibrium on aerosol formation in astrophysical environments |
research for possible biosignature gases on habitable exoplanet atmospheres is accelerating, with observations possible with next-generation telescopes. we explore isoprene, c5h8, as a biosignature gas, motivated by isoprene's substantial production rate on earth (rivaling that of methane at ~ 500 tg yr-1). furthermore... | assessment of isoprene as a possible biosignature gas in exoplanets with anoxic atmospheres |
rayleigh scattering is an important source of opacity in the atmospheres of exoplanets at short optical and near-uv wavelengths. raman scattering is an inelastic process related to rayleigh scattering, but with a weaker cross section. we analyze the signatures of raman scattering imprinted in the reflected light and th... | raman scattering by h2 and n2 in the atmospheres of exoplanets |
more than 25 years since the magellan orbital radar mapping mission, and 35 years since the last venera/vega landing, the surface of venus remains enigmatic. shrouded by the dense atmosphere, the surface is visible from orbit only at radar frequencies and in a limited number of near-infrared spectral windows. the deep ... | synergistic science from the veritas, davinci, and envision missions to venus |
pandora is a smallsat is designed to study the atmospheres of exoplanets. transmission spectroscopy of transiting exoplanets provides our best opportunity to identify the makeup of planetary atmospheres in the coming decade. stellar brightness variations due to star spots, however, can impact these measurements and con... | the pandora smallsat: multiwavelength characterization of exoplanets and their host stars |
with the increasing number of exoplanets discovered in the habitable zones of m dwarfs, the necessity for tighter constraints on the conditions for habitability around cool low-mass stars is rapidly growing. theoretical studies suggest that the strong and highly variable ultraviolet (uv) radiation of m dwarfs is a key ... | m dwarf activity and flaring in the ultraviolet domain with the star-planet activity research cubesat (sparcs) |
we are executing a ground-based, diffuser-assisted, multi-wavelength, photometric observational campaign of two of the five known disintegrating exoplanets, k2-22b and hd 209458b. these recently discovered systems feature short orbital periods causing the planets to be subjected to intense photo-evaporation. the campai... | diffuser-assisted, multi-wavelength study of disintegrating exoplanets |
the james webb space telescope (jwst) will provide unprecedented spectroscopic observations of extrasolar planets, including mid-infrared spectra using miri. many target objects at these wavelengths will be giant planets observed by direct imaging. however, the techniques to analyze these spectra have not yet been expl... | mid-infrared brown dwarf spectroscopy as a model for giant exoplanets |
the colorado ultraviolet transit experiment (cute) is a nasa/apra-funded 6u cubesat to monitor close-in, short-period exoplanets around nearby stars and study their atmospheric composition, escape, and mass loss through transmission spectroscopy. the cute payload is a near ultraviolet (nuv, 2480 — 3306 å) spectrograph ... | the colorado ultraviolet transit experiment (cute): commissioning and science operations |
clouds play an important role in the atmospheres of planetary bodies. it is expected that, like all the planetary bodies in our solar system, exoplanet atmospheres will also have substantial cloud coverage, and evidence is mounting for clouds in a number of hot jupiters. to better characterise planetary atmospheres, we... | transmission spectral properties of clouds for hot jupiter exoplanets |
in the recent years infrared spectroscopy of hot exoplanets has been revealing their atmospheric composition. for example the spectra of the planet hd189733b exhibits signatures of ch4, co2, co and h2o molecules (swain et al 2008, 2009, etc.). the original 2008 detection of ch4 was a surprise because it is not thermoch... | 'signs of disequilibrium chemistry in extrasolar hot-jupiter type planets?' |
ultra-hot jupiters (uhjs) are giant exoplanets with very high dayside temperatures such that most of the molecules in their atmospheres are expected to dissociate. investigating the atmospheres of these planets allows to measure their elemental composition and hence, enables us to constraint their formation history. we... | detection of atmospheric silicon in the dayside of two ultra-hot jupiters at high spectral resolution |
one of the primary objectives of nowadays astrobiology is to seek potentially habitable worlds and biosignatures. in 2020, as a response to this quest, the italian space agency held its first workshop to outline a national roadmap aimed at supporting new findings in astrobiology. here, we briefly introduce some of the ... | steps towards atmospheric and mhd modelling of habitable exoplanets |
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