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we present results from an atmospheric circulation study of nine hot jupiters that compose a large transmission spectral survey using the hubble and spitzer space telescopes. these observations exhibit a range of spectral behavior over optical and infrared wavelengths, suggesting diverse cloud and haze properties in th... | the atmospheric circulation of a nine-hot-jupiter sample: probing circulation and chemistry over a wide phase space |
accurate estimation of planetary boundary layer height (pblh) is key to air quality prediction, weather forecast, and assessment of regional climate change. the pblh retrieval from the cloud-aerosol lidar with orthogonal polarization (caliop) is expected to complement ground-based measurements due to the broad spatial ... | planetary boundary layer height from caliop compared to radiosonde over china |
astronomers commonly quote the properties of celestial objects in units of parameters for the sun, jupiter, or the earth. the resolution presented here was proposed by the iau inter-division working group on nominal units for stellar and planetary astronomy and passed by the xxixth iau general assembly in honolulu. iau... | iau 2015 resolution b3 on recommended nominal conversion constants for selected solar and planetary properties |
interplanetary dust particles hit the surfaces of airless bodies in the solar system, generating charged and neutral gas clouds, as well as secondary ejecta dust particles. gravitationally bound ejecta clouds that form dust exospheres were recognized by in situ dust instruments around the icy moons of jupiter and satur... | a permanent, asymmetric dust cloud around the moon |
global climate change has attracted worldwide attention. the ocean is the largest active carbon pool on the planet and plays an important role in global climate change. however, marine plastic pollution is getting increasingly serious due to the large consumption and mismanagement of global plastics. the impact of mari... | can microplastics pose a threat to ocean carbon sequestration? |
geochemical data for h2o and other volatiles, as well as major and trace elements, are reported for 377 samples of lunar volcanic glass from three chemical groups (a15 green, a15 yellow, a17 orange 74 220). these data demonstrate that degassing is a pervasive process that has affected all extrusive lunar rocks. the dat... | water in the moon's interior: truth and consequences |
wetlands are a critical component of the landscape for climate mitigation, adaptation, biodiversity, and human health and prosperity. keeping an eye on wetland vegetation is crucial due to it playing a major role in the planet's carbon cycle and ecosystem management. by measuring the chlorophyll fluorescence (chf) emit... | a machine learning approach for mapping chlorophyll fluorescence at inland wetlands |
regional haze episodes have occurred frequently in eastern china over the past decades. as a critical indicator to evaluate air quality, the mass concentration of ambient fine particulate matters smaller than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (pm2.5) is involved in many studies. to overcome the limitations of ground measu... | a geographically and temporally weighted regression model for ground-level pm2.5 estimation from satellite-derived 500 m resolution aod |
we present an advance toward accurately predicting the arrivals of coronal mass ejections (cmes) at the terrestrial planets, including earth. for the first time, we are able to assess a cme prediction model using data over two thirds of a solar cycle of observations with the heliophysics system observatory. we validate... | modeling observations of solar coronal mass ejections with heliospheric imagers verified with the heliophysics system observatory |
a large fraction of giant planets have gaseous envelopes that are limited to about 10% of their total mass budget. such planets are present in the solar system (uranus, neptune) and are frequently observed in short periods around other stars (the so-called super-earths). in contrast to these observations, theoretical c... | reduced gas accretion on super-earths and ice giants |
after 25 years of laboratory research on protoplanetary dust agglomeration, a consistent picture of the various processes that involve colliding dust aggregates has emerged. besides sticking, bouncing and fragmentation, other effects, like, e.g., erosion or mass transfer, have now been extensively studied. coagulation ... | dust evolution in protoplanetary discs and the formation of planetesimals. what have we learned from laboratory experiments? |
we present hubble space telescope optical and near-ir transmission spectra of the transiting hot-jupiter wasp-31b. the spectrum covers 0.3-1.7 μm at a resolution r ∼ 70, which we combine with spitzer photometry to cover the full-optical to ir. the spectrum is dominated by a cloud deck with a flat transmission spectrum ... | hst hot-jupiter transmission spectral survey: detection of potassium in wasp-31b along with a cloud deck and rayleigh scattering |
context. transitional disks with large dust cavities are important laboratories in which to study planet formation and disk evolution. cold gas may still be present inside these cavities, but quantying this gas is challenging. the gas content is important for constraining the origin of the dust cavity.aims: we use atac... | gas density drops inside dust cavities of transitional disks around young stars observed with alma |
direct imaging of gas giant exoplanets provides information on their atmospheres and the architectures of planetary systems. however, few planets have been detected in blind surveys with direct imaging. using astrometry from the gaia and hipparcos spacecraft, we identified dynamical evidence for a gas giant planet arou... | direct imaging and astrometric detection of a gas giant planet orbiting an accelerating star |
we use keck/nirspec to survey a sample of of young (<1 gyr), short-period mini-neptunes orbiting nearby k dwarfs to measure their mass loss via the metastable helium line. we detect helium absorption from all four of the targets in our initial sample. the first detection, around toi 560b, was announced in a previous... | detection of atmospheric escape from four young mini-neptunes |
we identify and study a number of new, rapidly growing instabilities of dust grains in protoplanetary discs, which may be important for planetesimal formation. the study is based on the recognition that dust-gas mixtures are generically unstable to a resonant drag instability (rdi), whenever the gas, absent dust, suppo... | resonant drag instabilities in protoplanetary discs: the streaming instability and new, faster growing instabilities |
cometary comae are generally depleted in nitrogen. the main carriers for volatile nitrogen in comets are nh3 and hcn. it is known that ammonia readily combines with many acids, such as hcn, hnco and hcooh, encountered in the interstellar medium as well as in cometary ice to form ammonium salts (nh4+x-) at low temperatu... | evidence of ammonium salts in comet 67p as explanation for the nitrogen depletion in cometary comae |
context. optical interferometry is at a key development stage. the very large telescope interferometer (vlti) has established a stable, robust infrastructure for long-baseline interferometry that is usable by general astronomical observers. the present second-generation instruments offer a wide wavelength coverage and ... | matisse, the vlti mid-infrared imaging spectro-interferometer |
we present a search for outer solar system objects in the 6 yr of data from the dark energy survey (des). the des covered a contiguous 5000 deg2 of the southern sky with ≈80,000 3 deg2 exposures in the grizy filters between 2013 and 2019. this search yielded 812 trans-neptunian objects (tnos), one centaur and one oort ... | a search of the full six years of the dark energy survey for outer solar system objects |
orbiting an m dwarf 12 pc away, the transiting exoplanet gj 1132b is a prime target for transmission spectroscopy. with a mass of 1.7 m ⊕ and radius of 1.1 r ⊕, gj 1132b's bulk density indicates that this planet is rocky. yet with an equilibrium temperature of 580 k, gj 1132b may still retain some semblance of an atmos... | the featureless hst/wfc3 transmission spectrum of the rocky exoplanet gj 1132b: no evidence for a cloud-free primordial atmosphere and constraints on starspot contamination |
the he i λ10833 å triplet is a powerful tool for characterising the upper atmosphere of exoplanets and tracing possible mass loss. here, we analysed one transit of gj 1214 b observed with the carmenes high-resolution spectrograph to study its atmosphere via transmission spectroscopy around the he i triplet. although pr... | a tentative detection of he i in the atmosphere of gj 1214 b |
the young massive ob association cygnus ob2, in the cygnus x complex, is the closest (~1400 pc) star-forming region to the sun hosting thousands of young low-mass stars and up to 1000 ob stars, among which are some of the most massive stars known in our galaxy. this region holds great importance for several fields of m... | optical and infrared counterparts of the x-ray sources detected in the chandra cygnus ob2 legacy survey |
ultra-hot jupiters offer interesting prospects for expanding our theories on dynamical evolution and the properties of extremely irradiated atmospheres. in this context, we present the analysis of new optical spectroscopy for the transiting ultra-hot jupiter wasp-121b. we first refine the orbital properties of wasp-121... | hot exoplanet atmospheres resolved with transit spectroscopy (hearts). iii. atmospheric structure of the misaligned ultra-hot jupiter wasp-121b |
saturn's moon, enceladus, is a geologically active waterworld. the prevailing paradigm is that there is a subsurface ocean that erupts to the surface, which leads to the formation of a plume of vapor and ice above the south polar region. the chemistry of the ocean is just beginning to be understood, but is of profound ... | the ph of enceladus' ocean |
we apply the automated anomalyfinder algorithm of paper i to 2018-2019 light curves from the ≃13 deg2 covered by the six kmtnet prime fields, with cadences γ ≥ 2 hr-1. we find a total of 11 planets with mass ratios q < 2 × 10-4, including 6 newly discovered planets, 1 planet that was reported in paper i, and recover... | systematic kmtnet planetary anomaly search. ii. six new q < 2 × 10-4 mass-ratio planets |
we present the discovery of hd 221416 b, the first transiting planet identified by the transiting exoplanet survey satellite (tess) for which asteroseismology of the host star is possible. hd 221416 b (hip 116158, toi-197) is a bright (v = 8.2 mag), spectroscopically classified subgiant that oscillates with an average ... | a hot saturn orbiting an oscillating late subgiant discovered by tess |
observations of young open clusters (ocs) show a bimodal distribution of rotation periods that has been difficult to explain with existing stellar spin-down models. detailed magnetohydrodynamic (mhd) stellar wind simulations have demonstrated that surface magnetic field morphology has a strong influence on wind-driven ... | the revolution revolution: magnetic morphology driven spin-down |
jupiter, the fascinating largest planet in the solar system, has been visited by nine spacecraft, which have collected a significant amount of data about jovian properties. in this paper, we show that one type of the in situ measurements on the relativistic electron fluxes could be used to probe dark matter (dm) and da... | jupiter missions as probes of dark matter |
transmission spectroscopy is one of the premier methods used to probe the temperature, composition, and cloud properties of exoplanet atmospheres. recent studies have demonstrated that the multidimensional nature of exoplanet atmospheres-due to nonuniformities across the day-night transition and between the morning and... | trident: a rapid 3d radiative-transfer model for exoplanet transmission spectra |
in exoplanetary systems, the interaction between the central star and the planet can trigger auroral radio emission (are), due to the electron cyclotron maser mechanism. the high brightness temperature of this emission makes it visible at large distances, opening new opportunities to study exoplanets and to search for ... | star-planet interaction at radio wavelengths in yz ceti: inferring planetary magnetic field |
rovers and landers on mars have experienced local, regional, and planetary-scale dust storms. however, in situ documentation of active lifting within storms has remained elusive. over 5-11 january 2022 (ls 153°-156°), a dust storm passed over the perseverance rover site. peak visible optical depth was ∼2, and visibilit... | dust, sand, and winds within an active martian storm in jezero crater |
the primary objective of this study is to investigate the formation and evolution mechanism of the regional haze in beijing by analyzing the process of a severe haze episode that occurredfrom1 to 31 january 2013. the mass concentration of pm2.5 and its chemical components were simultaneously measured at the beijing urb... | formation mechanism of continuous extreme haze episodes in the megacity beijing, china, in january 2013 |
we present an open-source retrieval code named helios-retrieval, designed to obtain chemical abundances and temperature-pressure profiles by inverting the measured spectra of exoplanetary atmospheres. in our forward model, we use an exact solution of the radiative transfer equation, in the pure absorption limit, which ... | helios-retrieval: an open-source, nested sampling atmospheric retrieval code; application to the hr 8799 exoplanets and inferred constraints for planet formation |
context. the characterisation of the atmosphere of exoplanets is one of the main goals of exoplanet science in the coming decades.aims: we investigate the detectability of atmospheric spectral features of earth-like planets in the habitable zone (hz) around m dwarfs with the future james webb space telescope (jwst).met... | detectability of atmospheric features of earth-like planets in the habitable zone around m dwarfs |
in this study, the heavy precipitation event on 01 december 2015 over chennai located on the southeast coast of india was simulated using the weather research and forecast (wrf) model. a series of simulations were conducted using explicit convection and varying the planetary boundary layer (pbl) parameterization scheme... | simulation of an extreme heavy rainfall event over chennai, india using wrf: sensitivity to grid resolution and boundary layer physics |
we use a 3-d general circulation model to compare the primitive martian hydrological cycle in "warm and wet" and "cold and icy" scenarios. in the warm and wet scenario, an anomalously high solar flux or intense greenhouse warming artificially added to the climate model are required to maintain warm conditions and an ic... | comparison of "warm and wet" and "cold and icy" scenarios for early mars in a 3-d climate model |
co is the most widely used gas tracer of protoplanetary disks. its abundance is usually assumed to be an interstellar ratio throughout the warm molecular layer of the disk. but recent observations of low co gas abundance in many protoplanetary disks challenge our understanding of physical and chemical evolutions in dis... | systematic variations of co gas abundance with radius in gas-rich protoplanetary disks |
coronal mass ejections (cmes) are huge expulsions of magnetized matter from the sun and stars, traversing space with speeds of millions of kilometres per hour. solar cmes can cause severe space weather disturbances and consumer power outages on earth, whereas stellar cmes may even pose a hazard to the habitability of e... | indications of stellar coronal mass ejections through coronal dimmings |
the lidov-kozai (lk) mechanism plays an important role in the secular evolution of many hierarchical triple systems. the standard lk mechanism consists of large-amplitude oscillations in eccentricity and inclination of a binary subject to the quadrupole potential from an outer perturber. recent work has shown that when... | suppression of extreme orbital evolution in triple systems with short-range forces |
jets and outflows are ubiquitous in the process of formation of stars since outflow is intimately associated with accretion. free-free (thermal) radio continuum emission in the centimeter domain is associated with these jets. the emission is relatively weak and compact, and sensitive radio interferometers of high angul... | radio jets from young stellar objects |
the large uv/optical/infrared surveyor (luvoir) mission is one of four decadal survey mission concepts studied by nasa in preparation for the us national academies' astro2020 decadal survey. this observatory has the major goal of characterizing a wide range of exoplanets, including those that might be habitable -- or e... | the luvoir mission concept study interim report |
the orbital distribution of trans-neptunian objects provides strong evidence for the radial migration of neptune1,2. the outer planets' orbits are thought to have become unstable during the early stages3, with jupiter having scattering encounters with a neptune-class planet4. as a consequence, jupiter jumped inwards by... | evidence for very early migration of the solar system planets from the patroclus-menoetius binary jupiter trojan |
we present a new volume-limited sample of l0-t8 dwarfs out to 25 pc defined entirely by parallaxes, using our recent measurements from ukirt/wfcam along with gaia dr2 and literature parallaxes. with 369 members, our sample is the largest parallax-defined volume-limited sample of l and t dwarfs to date, yielding the mos... | a volume-limited sample of ultracool dwarfs. i. construction, space density, and a gap in the l/t transition |
this review introduces physical processes in protoplanetary disks relevant to accretion and the initial stages of planet formation. after a brief overview of the observational context, i introduce the elementary theory of disk structure and evolution, review the gas-phase physics of angular momentum transport through t... | physical processes in protoplanetary disks |
the minerva-australis telescope array is a facility dedicated to the follow-up, confirmation, characterization, and mass measurement of planets orbiting bright stars discovered by the transiting exoplanet survey satellite (tess)—a category in which it is almost unique in the southern hemisphere. it is located at the un... | minerva-australis. i. design, commissioning, and first photometric results |
studying the spatiotemporal variations of the urban heat island (uhi) effect and its cause is important towards understanding urban climate change, planning and green development, and disaster mitigation. in this paper, by using surface observations and reanalysis data with objective classification of synoptic weather ... | modulation of wintertime canopy urban heat island (cuhi) intensity in beijing by synoptic weather pattern in planetary boundary layer |
existing hypotheses for the dynamical dependence of tropical cyclone genesis and size on latitude depend principally on the coriolis parameter f. these hypotheses are tested via dynamical aquaplanet experiments with uniform thermal forcing in which planetary rotation rate and planetary radius are varied relative to ear... | dynamical aquaplanet experiments with uniform thermal forcing: system dynamics and implications for tropical cyclone genesis and size |
the habitable zone (hz) is the circular region around a star(s) where standing bodies of water could exist on the surface of a rocky planet. space missions employ the hz to select promising targets for follow-up habitability assessment. the classical hz definition assumes that the most important greenhouse gases for ha... | a more comprehensive habitable zone for finding life on other planets |
this paper presents a novel signal processing scheme by combining an improved vold-kalman filter and the multi-scale sample entropy (ivkf-msse) for planetary gearboxes under non-stationary working conditions. in this scheme, we propose a method based on the characteristic frequency ratio (cfr) to select the vkf bandwid... | a fault diagnosis method for planetary gearboxes under non-stationary working conditions using improved vold-kalman filter and multi-scale sample entropy |
we study how the interaction between the streaming instability (si) and intrinsic gas-phase turbulence affects planetesimal formation via gravitational collapse in protoplanetary disks. turbulence impedes the formation of particle clumps by acting as an effective turbulent diffusivity, but it can also promote planetesi... | turbulence regulates the rate of planetesimal formation via gravitational collapse |
we present wasp-43b climate simulations with deep wind jets (down to 700 bar) that are linked to retrograde (westward) flow at the equatorial day side for p < 0.1 bar. retrograde flow inhibits efficient eastward heat transport and naturally explains the small hotspot shift and large day-night-side gradient of wasp-4... | equatorial retrograde flow in wasp-43b elicited by deep wind jets? |
we analyze the transmission and emission spectra of the ultra-hot jupiter wasp-76 b, observed with the g141 grism of the hubble space telescope's (hst) wide field camera 3 (wfc3). we reduce and fit the raw data for each observation using the open-source software iraclis before performing a fully bayesian retrieval usin... | ares i: wasp-76 b, a tale of two hst spectra |
context. polarimetric imaging is one of the most effective techniques for high-contrast imaging and for the characterization of protoplanetary disks, and it has the potential of becoming instrumental in the characterization of exoplanets. the spectro-polarimetric high-contrast exoplanet research (sphere) instrument ins... | polarimetric imaging mode of vlt/sphere/irdis. i. description, data reduction, and observing strategy |
evidence for plumes of water on europa has previously been found using the hubble space telescope using two different observing techniques. roth et al. found line emission from the dissociation products of water. sparks et al. found evidence for off-limb continuum absorption as europa transited jupiter. here, we presen... | active cryovolcanism on europa? |
context. the calar alto high-resolution search for m dwarfs with exo-earths with near-infrared and optical echelle spectrographs (carmenes) survey is searching for earth-like planets orbiting m dwarfs using the radial velocity method. studying the stellar activity of the target stars is important to avoid false planet ... | the carmenes search for exoplanets around m dwarfs. activity indicators at visible and near-infrared wavelengths |
upcoming studies of extrasolar gas giants will give precise insights into the composition of planetary atmospheres, with the ultimate goal of linking it to the formation history of the planet. here, we investigate how drifting and evaporating pebbles that enrich the gas phase of the disk influence the chemical composit... | how drifting and evaporating pebbles shape giant planets. ii. volatiles and refractories in atmospheres |
ultrahot jupiters represent an exciting avenue for testing extreme physics and observing atmospheric circulation regimes not found in our solar system. their high temperatures result in thermally ionized particles embedded in atmospheric winds interacting with the planet's interior magnetic field by generating current ... | exploring the effects of active magnetic drag in a general circulation model of the ultrahot jupiter wasp-76b |
during the commissioning of jwst, the medium-resolution spectrometer (mrs) on the mid-infrared instrument (miri) observed the planetary nebula smp lmc 058 in the large magellanic cloud. the mrs was designed to provide medium resolution (r = λ/δλ) 3d spectroscopy in the whole miri range. smp lmc 058 is the only source o... | observations of the planetary nebula smp lmc 058 with the jwst miri medium resolution spectrometer |
a planetary atmosphere is the outer gas layer of a planet. besides its scientific significance among the first and most accessible planetary layers observed from space, it is closely connected with planetary formation and evolution, surface and interior processes, and habitability of planets. current theories of planet... | atmospheric regimes and trends on exoplanets and brown dwarfs |
the archaean continental crust comprises two major groups of silicon-rich granitoids: the tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite and granite-monzonite-syenite suites, which differ in their sodium-to-potassium ratios. how these felsic granitoids evolved from their mafic precursors remains elusive and the subject of great de... | early continental crust generated by reworking of basalts variably silicified by seawater |
near a solid wall, the mean velocity of an incompressible fluid is a nearly universal function of the distance from the wall when appropriately transformed (nondimensionalized). for high-speed compressible flows, due to the wall-normal variations of density and viscosity, it has not been established how to transform a ... | velocity transformation for compressible wall-bounded turbulent flows with and without heat transfer |
dust growth is often neglected when building models of protoplanetary disks due to its complexity and computational expense. however, it does play a major role in shaping the evolution of protoplanetary dust and planet formation. in this paper, we present a numerical model coupling 2d hydrodynamic evolution of a protop... | including dust coagulation in hydrodynamic models of protoplanetary disks: dust evolution in the vicinity of a jupiter-mass planet |
deltas are subaerial landforms that cap underlying deposits with subaqueous extensions that result from a river feeding sediment directly into a standing body of water at a rate that overwhelms any effective dispersal processes derived from the ambient basin. this definition encapsulates both the terrestrial surface ex... | large deltas, small deltas: toward a more rigorous understanding of coastal marine deltas |
a severe prolonged regional haze episode occurred over the yangtze river delta (yrd) from 2 to 14 december 2013. in this paper, we have discussed the probable cause of haze episode and aerosol characteristics. analysis of visibility and meteorological parameters suggest that the meteorological conditions play a very im... | analysis of a severe prolonged regional haze episode in the yangtze river delta, china |
diatoms are one of the most ecologically successful classes of photosynthetic marine eukaryotes in the contemporary oceans. over the past 30 million years, they have helped to moderate earth's climate by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, sequestering it via the biological carbon pump and ultimately burying ... | energetic coupling between plastids and mitochondria drives co2 assimilation in diatoms |
executive summarymining has been, and remains, an integral part of human existence from stone age quarries through to the iron and coal that fueled the industrial revolution, to the new materials needed to support the shift to renewable energy. mining and mining products are major contributors to national economies wit... | international principles and standards for the ecological restoration and recovery of mine sites |
the exomol project is dedicated to providing molecular line lists for exoplanet and other hot atmospheres. the exomol procedure uses a mixture of ab initio calculations and available laboratory data. the actual line lists are generated using variational nuclear motion calculations. these line lists form the input for o... | the exomol atlas of molecular opacities |
mars has lost most of its once-abundant water to space, leaving the planet cold and dry. in standard models, molecular hydrogen produced from water in the lower atmosphere diffuses into the upper atmosphere where it is dissociated, producing atomic hydrogen, which is lost. using observations from the neutral gas and io... | hydrogen escape from mars is driven by seasonal and dust storm transport of water |
'oumuamua (i1 2017) was the first macroscopic (l ∼ 100 m) body observed to traverse the inner solar system on an unbound hyperbolic orbit. its light curve displayed strong periodic variation, and it showed no hint of a coma or emission from molecular outgassing. astrometric measurements indicate that 'oumuamua experien... | evidence that 1i/2017 u1 ('oumuamua) was composed of molecular hydrogen ice |
lhs 1140 is a nearby mid-m dwarf known to host a temperate rocky super-earth (lhs 1140 b) on a 24.737-day orbit. based on photometric observations by mearth and spitzer as well as doppler spectroscopy from the high accuracy radial velocity planet searcher, we report the discovery of an additional transiting rocky compa... | a second terrestrial planet orbiting the nearby m dwarf lhs 1140 |
in the search for life on earth-like planets around other stars, the first (and likely only) information will come from the spectroscopic characterization of the planet's atmosphere. of the countless number of chemical species terrestrial life produces, only a few have the distinct spectral features and the necessary a... | abiotic o2 levels on planets around f, g, k, and m stars: possible false positives for life? |
context. the planetary system discovered around the young a-type hr 8799 provides a unique laboratory to: a) test planet formation theories; b) probe the diversity of system architectures at these separations, and c) perform comparative (exo)planetology.aims: we present and exploit new near-infrared images and integral... | first light of the vlt planet finder sphere. iii. new spectrophotometry and astrometry of the hr 8799 exoplanetary system |
we infer dynamical masses in eight multiplanet systems using transit times measured from kepler's complete data set, including short-cadence data where available. of the 18 dynamical masses that we infer, 10 pass multiple tests for robustness. these are in systems kepler-26 (koi-250), kepler-29 (koi-738), kepler-60 (ko... | secure mass measurements from transit timing: 10 kepler exoplanets between 3 and 8 m⊕ with diverse densities and incident fluxes |
standard accretion disk models suggest that the snow line in the solar nebula migrated interior to the earth's orbit in a late stage of nebula evolution. in this late stage, a significant amount of ice could have been delivered to 1 au from outer regions in the form of mm to dm-sized pebbles. this raises the question w... | on the water delivery to terrestrial embryos by ice pebble accretion |
context. near- to mid-infrared observations of molecular emission from protoplanetary disks show that the inner regions are rich in small organic volatiles (e.g., c2h2 and hcn). trends in the data suggest that disks around cooler stars (teff ≈ 3000 k) are potentially (i) more carbon-rich; and (ii) more molecule-rich th... | the molecular composition of the planet-forming regions of protoplanetary disks across the luminosity regime |
rings and radial gaps are ubiquitous in protoplanetary disks, yet their possible connection to planet formation is currently subject to intense debates. in principle, giant planet formation leads to wide gaps that separate the gas and dust mass reservoir in the outer disk, while lower mass planets lead to shallow gaps ... | dust unveils the formation of a mini-neptune planet in a protoplanetary ring |
context. large surveys with new-generation high-contrast imaging instruments are needed to derive the frequency and properties of exoplanet populations with separations from ~5 to 300 au. a careful assessment of the stellar properties is crucial for a proper understanding of when, where, and how frequently planets form... | the sphere infrared survey for exoplanets (shine). i. sample definition and target characterization |
we present the first detection of (z)-1,2-ethenediol, (choh)2, the enol form of glycolaldehyde, in the interstellar medium toward the g+0.693-0.027 molecular cloud located in the galactic center. we have derived a column density of (1.8 ± 0.1) × 1013 cm-2, which translates into a molecular abundance with respect to mol... | precursors of the rna world in space: detection of (z)-1,2-ethenediol in the interstellar medium, a key intermediate in sugar formation |
this multi-petawatt physics prioritization (mp3) workshop report captures the outcomes from a community-initiated workshop held april 20-22, 2022 at sorbonne university in paris, france. the mp3 workshop aimed at developing science questions to guide research and future experiments in four areas identified by correspon... | multi-petawatt physics prioritization (mp3) workshop report |
the nasa double asteroid redirection test (dart) spacecraft successfully crashed on dimorphos, the secondary component of the binary (65803) didymos system. following the impact, a large dust cloud was released, and a long-lasting dust tail developed. we have extensively monitored the dust tail from the ground and the ... | characterization of the ejecta from the nasa/dart impact on dimorphos: observations and monte carlo models |
context. the sphere "planet finder" is an extreme adaptive optics (ao) instrument for high resolution and high contrast observations at the very large telescope (vlt). we describe the zurich imaging polarimeter (zimpol), the visual focal plane subsystem of sphere, which pushes the limits of current ao systems to shorte... | sphere/zimpol high resolution polarimetric imager. i. system overview, psf parameters, coronagraphy, and polarimetry |
the planets of the solar system are neatly divided between those with atmospheres and those without when arranged by insolation (i) and escape velocity ({v}{esc}). the dividing line goes at i\propto {v}{esc}4. exoplanets with reported masses and radii are shown to crowd against the extrapolation of the solar system tre... | the cosmic shoreline: the evidence that escape determines which planets have atmospheres, and what this may mean for proxima centauri b |
the emergence and expansion of complex eukaryotic life on earth is linked at a basic level to the secular evolution of surface oxygen levels. however, the role that planetary redox evolution has played in controlling the timing of metazoan (animal) emergence and diversification, if any, has been intensely debated. disc... | earth's oxygen cycle and the evolution of animal life |
recently, many superflares on solar-type stars have been discovered as white-light flares (wlfs). the statistical study found a correlation between their energies (e) and durations (τ): τ \propto {e}0.39, similar to those of solar hard/soft x-ray flares, τ \propto {e}0.2{--0.33}. this indicates a universal mechanism of... | statistical studies of solar white-light flares and comparisons with superflares on solar-type stars |
we report the development of a four-color simultaneous camera for the 1.52-m telescopio carlos sánchez in the teide observatory, canaries, spain. the instrument, named muscat2, has a capability of four-color simultaneous imaging in g (400 to 550 nm), r (550 to 700 nm), i (700 to 820 nm), and zs (820 to 920 nm) bands. m... | muscat2: four-color simultaneous camera for the 1.52-m telescopio carlos sánchez |
we present deep hubble space telescope images taken to examine the ejecta from the dart spacecraft impact into asteroid dimorphos. the images reveal an extensive population of comoving boulders, the largest of which is ~7 m in diameter (geometric albedo 0.15 assumed). measurements of 37 boulders show a mean sky-plane v... | the dimorphos boulder swarm |
on 4 july 2019, the ridgecrest earthquake sequence began with a series of foreshocks including an mw 6.4 event near searles valley, california. this was then followed 34 hr later by an mw 7.1 mainshock located just 15 km to the north, with the earthquake sequence resulting in a complex array of intersecting faults. thi... | using daily observations from planet labs satellite imagery to separate the surface deformation between the 4 july mw 6.4 foreshock and 5 july mw 7.1 mainshock during the 2019 ridgecrest earthquake sequence |
the magnetosheath flow may take the form of large amplitude, yet spatially localized, transient increases in dynamic pressure, known as "magnetosheath jets" or "plasmoids" among other denominations. here, we describe the present state of knowledge with respect to such jets, which are a very common phenomenon downstream... | jets downstream of collisionless shocks |
celestial bodies with a mass of m≈ 10 {m}{jup} have been found orbiting nearby stars. it is unknown whether these objects formed like gas-giant planets through core accretion or like stars through gravitational instability. i show that objects with m≲ 4 {m}{jup} orbit metal-rich solar-type dwarf stars, a property assoc... | evidence of an upper bound on the masses of planets and its implications for giant planet formation |
camera traps have become a ubiquitous tool in ecology and conservation. they are routinely deployed in wildlife survey and monitoring work, and are being advocated as a tool for planetary-scale biodiversity monitoring. the camera trap's widespread adoption is predicated on the assumption of its effectiveness, but the e... | snap happy: camera traps are an effective sampling tool when compared with alternative methods |
understanding the dynamics and kinematics of outflowing atmospheres of hot and warm exoplanets is crucial to understanding the origins and evolutionary history of the exoplanets near the evaporation desert. recently, ground-based measurements of the meta-stable helium atom's resonant absorption at 10830 å has become a ... | evidence for he i 10830 å absorption during the transit of a warm neptune around the m-dwarf gj 3470 with the habitable-zone planet finder |
ariel has been selected as esa’s m4 mission for launch in 2028 and is designed for the characterization of a large and diverse population of exoplanetary atmospheres to provide insights into planetary formation and evolution within our galaxy. here we present a study of ariel’s capability to observe currently known exo... | an updated study of potential targets for ariel |
using the keck planet imager and characterizer, we obtained high-resolution (r ~ 35,000) k-band spectra of the four planets orbiting hr 8799. we clearly detected h2o and co in the atmospheres of hr 8799 c, d, and e, and tentatively detected a combination of co and h2o in b. these are the most challenging directly image... | detection and bulk properties of the hr 8799 planets with high-resolution spectroscopy |
we report the discovery and characterisation of a super-earth and a sub-neptune transiting the bright (k = 8.8), quiet, and nearby (37 pc) m3v dwarf toi-1266. we validate the planetary nature of toi-1266 b and c using four sectors of tess photometry and data from the newly-commissioned 1-m saint-ex telescope located in... | a super-earth and a sub-neptune orbiting the bright, quiet m3 dwarf toi-1266 |
comets are icy objects that orbitally evolve from the trans-neptunian region into the inner solar system, where they are heated by solar radiation and become active due to the sublimation of water ice. here we perform simulations in which cometary reservoirs are formed in the early solar system and evolved over 4.5 gyr... | origin and evolution of short-period comets |
in this paper, we present an analysis of near-infrared spectropolarimetric and velocimetric data of the young m dwarf au mic, collected with spirou at the canada-france-hawaii telescope from 2019 to 2022, mostly within the spirou legacy survey. with these data, we study the large- and small-scale magnetic field of au m... | the magnetic field and multiple planets of the young dwarf au mic |
we report the discovery of wasp-189b: an ultra-hot jupiter in a 2.72-d transiting orbit around the $v = 6.6$ a star wasp-189 (hr 5599). we detected periodic dimmings in the star's lightcurve, first with the wasp-south survey facility then with the trappist-south telescope. we confirmed that a planet is the cause of tho... | wasp-189b: an ultra-hot jupiter transiting the bright a star hr 5599 in a polar orbit |
the climatological variation of aerosol properties and the planetary boundary layer (pbl) during 2013-2015 over the yangtze river delta (yrd) region were investigated by employing ground-based micro pulse lidar (mpl) and ce-318 sun-photometer observations. combining moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (modis)... | aerosol optical characteristics and their vertical distributions under enhanced haze pollution events: effect of the regional transport of different aerosol types over eastern china |
in recent years, there is a growing interest in small satellites for deep space exploration. the current approach for planetary navigation is based on ground-based radiometric tracking. a new era of low-cost small satellites for space exploration will require autonomous deep space navigation. this will decrease the rel... | autonomous navigation for deep space small satellites: scientific and technological advances |
cloud liquid water content (lwc) and droplet effective radius (re) have an important influence on cloud physical processes and optical characteristics. the microphysical properties of a three-layer pure liquid stratus were measured by aircraft probes on 26 april 2014 over a coastal region in huanghua, china. vertical v... | a case study of stratus cloud properties using in situ aircraft observations over huanghua, china |
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