id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 25.7k | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5732113b0fdd8d15006c6747 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The spread of Greek literature, mythology and philosophy offered Roman poets and antiquarians a model for the interpretation of Rome's festivals and rituals, and the embellishment of its mythology. Ennius translated the work of Graeco-Sicilian Euhemerus, who explained the genesis of the gods as apotheosized mortals. In... | The spread of all things Greek provided what for the interpretation of Rome's religions? | {
"text": [
"model"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
5732113b0fdd8d15006c6748 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The spread of Greek literature, mythology and philosophy offered Roman poets and antiquarians a model for the interpretation of Rome's festivals and rituals, and the embellishment of its mythology. Ennius translated the work of Graeco-Sicilian Euhemerus, who explained the genesis of the gods as apotheosized mortals. In... | What writer defined the development of the gods? | {
"text": [
"Euhemerus"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
5732113b0fdd8d15006c6749 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The spread of Greek literature, mythology and philosophy offered Roman poets and antiquarians a model for the interpretation of Rome's festivals and rituals, and the embellishment of its mythology. Ennius translated the work of Graeco-Sicilian Euhemerus, who explained the genesis of the gods as apotheosized mortals. In... | At the end of the Republic, who read the Stoic interpretations of Roman gods and religion? | {
"text": [
"literate elite"
],
"answer_start": [
432
]
} |
5732113b0fdd8d15006c674a | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The spread of Greek literature, mythology and philosophy offered Roman poets and antiquarians a model for the interpretation of Rome's festivals and rituals, and the embellishment of its mythology. Ennius translated the work of Graeco-Sicilian Euhemerus, who explained the genesis of the gods as apotheosized mortals. In... | What factors sustained the beliefs in gods according to Varro? | {
"text": [
"devotion and cult."
],
"answer_start": [
1005
]
} |
5732113b0fdd8d15006c674b | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The spread of Greek literature, mythology and philosophy offered Roman poets and antiquarians a model for the interpretation of Rome's festivals and rituals, and the embellishment of its mythology. Ennius translated the work of Graeco-Sicilian Euhemerus, who explained the genesis of the gods as apotheosized mortals. In... | What theory claims that popular belief was based on fiction? | {
"text": [
"Euhemerus' theory"
],
"answer_start": [
598
]
} |
573212f70fdd8d15006c675d | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Just as Rome itself claimed the favour of the gods, so did some individual Romans. In the mid-to-late Republican era, and probably much earlier, many of Rome's leading clans acknowledged a divine or semi-divine ancestor and laid personal claim to their favour and cult, along with a share of their divinity. Most notably... | What did many Romans claim in the Republican era? | {
"text": [
"divine ancestor"
],
"answer_start": [
204
]
} |
573212f70fdd8d15006c675e | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Just as Rome itself claimed the favour of the gods, so did some individual Romans. In the mid-to-late Republican era, and probably much earlier, many of Rome's leading clans acknowledged a divine or semi-divine ancestor and laid personal claim to their favour and cult, along with a share of their divinity. Most notably... | What style of claim did Romans favor as a link to the gods? | {
"text": [
"personal claim"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} |
573212f70fdd8d15006c675f | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Just as Rome itself claimed the favour of the gods, so did some individual Romans. In the mid-to-late Republican era, and probably much earlier, many of Rome's leading clans acknowledged a divine or semi-divine ancestor and laid personal claim to their favour and cult, along with a share of their divinity. Most notably... | What deity did the Julii claim as an ancestor? | {
"text": [
"Venus Genetrix"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
573212f70fdd8d15006c6760 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Just as Rome itself claimed the favour of the gods, so did some individual Romans. In the mid-to-late Republican era, and probably much earlier, many of Rome's leading clans acknowledged a divine or semi-divine ancestor and laid personal claim to their favour and cult, along with a share of their divinity. Most notably... | Of what were such claims of deity relations the start? | {
"text": [
"Imperial cult"
],
"answer_start": [
440
]
} |
573212f70fdd8d15006c6761 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Just as Rome itself claimed the favour of the gods, so did some individual Romans. In the mid-to-late Republican era, and probably much earlier, many of Rome's leading clans acknowledged a divine or semi-divine ancestor and laid personal claim to their favour and cult, along with a share of their divinity. Most notably... | What author further elaborated on the imperial claim of godhood? | {
"text": [
"Vergil"
],
"answer_start": [
505
]
} |
573214afe99e3014001e64e2 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Towards the end of the Republic, religious and political offices became more closely intertwined; the office of pontifex maximus became a de facto consular prerogative. Augustus was personally vested with an extraordinary breadth of political, military and priestly powers; at first temporarily, then for his lifetime. H... | By the end of the Republic, what offices were increasingly joined? | {
"text": [
"religious and political"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
573214afe99e3014001e64e3 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Towards the end of the Republic, religious and political offices became more closely intertwined; the office of pontifex maximus became a de facto consular prerogative. Augustus was personally vested with an extraordinary breadth of political, military and priestly powers; at first temporarily, then for his lifetime. H... | What Roman figure was given wide and lifeime powers? | {
"text": [
"Augustus"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} |
573214afe99e3014001e64e4 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Towards the end of the Republic, religious and political offices became more closely intertwined; the office of pontifex maximus became a de facto consular prerogative. Augustus was personally vested with an extraordinary breadth of political, military and priestly powers; at first temporarily, then for his lifetime. H... | How many priesthoods was Augustus given? | {
"text": [
"unprecedented number"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} |
573214afe99e3014001e64e5 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Towards the end of the Republic, religious and political offices became more closely intertwined; the office of pontifex maximus became a de facto consular prerogative. Augustus was personally vested with an extraordinary breadth of political, military and priestly powers; at first temporarily, then for his lifetime. H... | How were Augustus's reforms viewed? | {
"text": [
"adaptive, restorative and regulatory"
],
"answer_start": [
532
]
} |
573214afe99e3014001e64e6 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Towards the end of the Republic, religious and political offices became more closely intertwined; the office of pontifex maximus became a de facto consular prerogative. Augustus was personally vested with an extraordinary breadth of political, military and priestly powers; at first temporarily, then for his lifetime. H... | As a return to what did Augustus portray the Vestals in his reforms? | {
"text": [
"Roman morality"
],
"answer_start": [
799
]
} |
573217f50fdd8d15006c678b | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The Roman Empire expanded to include different peoples and cultures; in principle, Rome followed the same inclusionist policies that had recognised Latin, Etruscan and other Italian peoples, cults and deities as Roman. Those who acknowledged Rome's hegemony retained their own cult and religious calendars, independent o... | From what were countries in the empire free? | {
"text": [
"Roman religious law"
],
"answer_start": [
322
]
} |
573217f50fdd8d15006c678c | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The Roman Empire expanded to include different peoples and cultures; in principle, Rome followed the same inclusionist policies that had recognised Latin, Etruscan and other Italian peoples, cults and deities as Roman. Those who acknowledged Rome's hegemony retained their own cult and religious calendars, independent o... | What were Rome's policies in regards to foreign peoples? | {
"text": [
"inclusionist policies"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
573217f50fdd8d15006c678d | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The Roman Empire expanded to include different peoples and cultures; in principle, Rome followed the same inclusionist policies that had recognised Latin, Etruscan and other Italian peoples, cults and deities as Roman. Those who acknowledged Rome's hegemony retained their own cult and religious calendars, independent o... | What was Rome's policy towards government? | {
"text": [
"Autonomy and concord"
],
"answer_start": [
440
]
} |
573217f50fdd8d15006c678e | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The Roman Empire expanded to include different peoples and cultures; in principle, Rome followed the same inclusionist policies that had recognised Latin, Etruscan and other Italian peoples, cults and deities as Roman. Those who acknowledged Rome's hegemony retained their own cult and religious calendars, independent o... | What did foreign cults gradually begin to display in similarity to Roman cults? | {
"text": [
"Romanised"
],
"answer_start": [
936
]
} |
573217f50fdd8d15006c678f | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The Roman Empire expanded to include different peoples and cultures; in principle, Rome followed the same inclusionist policies that had recognised Latin, Etruscan and other Italian peoples, cults and deities as Roman. Those who acknowledged Rome's hegemony retained their own cult and religious calendars, independent o... | What was Rome not demanding of in religion of foreign areas of the empire? | {
"text": [
"centralised legal requirement"
],
"answer_start": [
1144
]
} |
57321b19b9d445190005e7fb | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Military settlement within the empire and at its borders broadened the context of Romanitas. Rome's citizen-soldiers set up altars to multiple deities, including their traditional gods, the Imperial genius and local deities – sometimes with the usefully open-ended dedication to the diis deabusque omnibus (all the gods ... | To whom did Roman soldiers set up alters? | {
"text": [
"traditional gods"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
57321b19b9d445190005e7fc | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Military settlement within the empire and at its borders broadened the context of Romanitas. Rome's citizen-soldiers set up altars to multiple deities, including their traditional gods, the Imperial genius and local deities – sometimes with the usefully open-ended dedication to the diis deabusque omnibus (all the gods ... | What style of religious dedication was not uncommon for outer border areas? | {
"text": [
"diis deabusque omnibus"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
57321b19b9d445190005e7fd | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Military settlement within the empire and at its borders broadened the context of Romanitas. Rome's citizen-soldiers set up altars to multiple deities, including their traditional gods, the Imperial genius and local deities – sometimes with the usefully open-ended dedication to the diis deabusque omnibus (all the gods ... | What type of household gods and cults did soldiers bring to outer areas? | {
"text": [
"domestic"
],
"answer_start": [
361
]
} |
57321b19b9d445190005e7fe | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Military settlement within the empire and at its borders broadened the context of Romanitas. Rome's citizen-soldiers set up altars to multiple deities, including their traditional gods, the Imperial genius and local deities – sometimes with the usefully open-ended dedication to the diis deabusque omnibus (all the gods ... | What act of provincials brought new gods into the military? | {
"text": [
"conscription"
],
"answer_start": [
487
]
} |
57321b19b9d445190005e7ff | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Military settlement within the empire and at its borders broadened the context of Romanitas. Rome's citizen-soldiers set up altars to multiple deities, including their traditional gods, the Imperial genius and local deities – sometimes with the usefully open-ended dedication to the diis deabusque omnibus (all the gods ... | What did Rome typically award to provincial members of the empire? | {
"text": [
"citizenship"
],
"answer_start": [
450
]
} |
57321ccfb9d445190005e80f | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The first and last Roman known as a living divus was Julius Caesar, who seems to have aspired to divine monarchy; he was murdered soon after. Greek allies had their own traditional cults to rulers as divine benefactors, and offered similar cult to Caesar's successor, Augustus, who accepted with the cautious proviso tha... | What Roman leader aspired to be a living god? | {
"text": [
"Julius Caesar"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
57321ccfb9d445190005e810 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The first and last Roman known as a living divus was Julius Caesar, who seems to have aspired to divine monarchy; he was murdered soon after. Greek allies had their own traditional cults to rulers as divine benefactors, and offered similar cult to Caesar's successor, Augustus, who accepted with the cautious proviso tha... | What form of government did Cesar seem to be attempting? | {
"text": [
"divine monarchy"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
57321ccfb9d445190005e811 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The first and last Roman known as a living divus was Julius Caesar, who seems to have aspired to divine monarchy; he was murdered soon after. Greek allies had their own traditional cults to rulers as divine benefactors, and offered similar cult to Caesar's successor, Augustus, who accepted with the cautious proviso tha... | To what ruler did foreign allies offer a divine cult? | {
"text": [
"Augustus"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} |
57321ccfb9d445190005e812 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The first and last Roman known as a living divus was Julius Caesar, who seems to have aspired to divine monarchy; he was murdered soon after. Greek allies had their own traditional cults to rulers as divine benefactors, and offered similar cult to Caesar's successor, Augustus, who accepted with the cautious proviso tha... | For what was Augustus's reformed system of government notiable? | {
"text": [
"integrated"
],
"answer_start": [
548
]
} |
57321ccfb9d445190005e813 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The first and last Roman known as a living divus was Julius Caesar, who seems to have aspired to divine monarchy; he was murdered soon after. Greek allies had their own traditional cults to rulers as divine benefactors, and offered similar cult to Caesar's successor, Augustus, who accepted with the cautious proviso tha... | By the end of Augustus's reign what was an established fact? | {
"text": [
"Imperial cult"
],
"answer_start": [
663
]
} |
57321f30b9d445190005e823 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In Rome, state cult to a living emperor acknowledged his rule as divinely approved and constitutional. As princeps (first citizen) he must respect traditional Republican mores; given virtually monarchic powers, he must restrain them. He was not a living divus but father of his country (pater patriae), its pontifex maxi... | What was the emperor's rule in Rome? | {
"text": [
"divinely approved"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
57321f30b9d445190005e824 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In Rome, state cult to a living emperor acknowledged his rule as divinely approved and constitutional. As princeps (first citizen) he must respect traditional Republican mores; given virtually monarchic powers, he must restrain them. He was not a living divus but father of his country (pater patriae), its pontifex maxi... | As first citizen, what must the emperor's mores represent? | {
"text": [
"traditional"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} |
57321f30b9d445190005e825 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In Rome, state cult to a living emperor acknowledged his rule as divinely approved and constitutional. As princeps (first citizen) he must respect traditional Republican mores; given virtually monarchic powers, he must restrain them. He was not a living divus but father of his country (pater patriae), its pontifex maxi... | As a living divus, what was the emperor to Rome? | {
"text": [
"father of his country"
],
"answer_start": [
264
]
} |
57321f30b9d445190005e826 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In Rome, state cult to a living emperor acknowledged his rule as divinely approved and constitutional. As princeps (first citizen) he must respect traditional Republican mores; given virtually monarchic powers, he must restrain them. He was not a living divus but father of his country (pater patriae), its pontifex maxi... | After his death, how was the emperor's afterlife decided? | {
"text": [
"vote in the Senate"
],
"answer_start": [
481
]
} |
57321f30b9d445190005e827 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In Rome, state cult to a living emperor acknowledged his rule as divinely approved and constitutional. As princeps (first citizen) he must respect traditional Republican mores; given virtually monarchic powers, he must restrain them. He was not a living divus but father of his country (pater patriae), its pontifex maxi... | What did emperors before Diocletian try to guarantee in religion? | {
"text": [
"traditional cults"
],
"answer_start": [
1177
]
} |
573220fce99e3014001e653a | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | For at least a century before the establishment of the Augustan principate, Jews and Judaism were tolerated in Rome by diplomatic treaty with Judaea's Hellenised elite. Diaspora Jews had much in common with the overwhelmingly Hellenic or Hellenised communities that surrounded them. Early Italian synagogues have left fe... | What means guaranteed the Jews and Judaism in Rome? | {
"text": [
"treaty"
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} |
573220fce99e3014001e653b | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | For at least a century before the establishment of the Augustan principate, Jews and Judaism were tolerated in Rome by diplomatic treaty with Judaea's Hellenised elite. Diaspora Jews had much in common with the overwhelmingly Hellenic or Hellenised communities that surrounded them. Early Italian synagogues have left fe... | What religious buildings were established in Rome in the imperial period? | {
"text": [
"synagogues"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} |
573220fce99e3014001e653c | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | For at least a century before the establishment of the Augustan principate, Jews and Judaism were tolerated in Rome by diplomatic treaty with Judaea's Hellenised elite. Diaspora Jews had much in common with the overwhelmingly Hellenic or Hellenised communities that surrounded them. Early Italian synagogues have left fe... | When did Judea become an allied kingdom to Rome? | {
"text": [
"63 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
492
]
} |
573220fce99e3014001e653d | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | For at least a century before the establishment of the Augustan principate, Jews and Judaism were tolerated in Rome by diplomatic treaty with Judaea's Hellenised elite. Diaspora Jews had much in common with the overwhelmingly Hellenic or Hellenised communities that surrounded them. Early Italian synagogues have left fe... | Who recognized the Jewish synagogues as being legitimate in Rome? | {
"text": [
"Julius Caesar"
],
"answer_start": [
653
]
} |
573220fce99e3014001e653e | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | For at least a century before the establishment of the Augustan principate, Jews and Judaism were tolerated in Rome by diplomatic treaty with Judaea's Hellenised elite. Diaspora Jews had much in common with the overwhelmingly Hellenic or Hellenised communities that surrounded them. Early Italian synagogues have left fe... | In contrast to what religion was Judaism acceptable in Rome? | {
"text": [
"Christianity"
],
"answer_start": [
1002
]
} |
573222f30fdd8d15006c67eb | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | After the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD, Emperor Nero accused the Christians as convenient scapegoats, who were later persecuted and killed. From that point on, Roman official policy towards Christianity tended towards persecution. During the various Imperial crises of the 3rd century, “contemporaries were predisposed to... | What group was accused of starting the Great Fire of 64 AD? | {
"text": [
"Christians"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
573222f30fdd8d15006c67ec | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | After the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD, Emperor Nero accused the Christians as convenient scapegoats, who were later persecuted and killed. From that point on, Roman official policy towards Christianity tended towards persecution. During the various Imperial crises of the 3rd century, “contemporaries were predisposed to... | Who made the accusation that the Christians had started the Great Fire? | {
"text": [
"Emperor Nero"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
573222f30fdd8d15006c67ed | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | After the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD, Emperor Nero accused the Christians as convenient scapegoats, who were later persecuted and killed. From that point on, Roman official policy towards Christianity tended towards persecution. During the various Imperial crises of the 3rd century, “contemporaries were predisposed to... | What outcome did the accusations against the Christians produce? | {
"text": [
"persecution"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
573222f30fdd8d15006c67ee | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | After the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD, Emperor Nero accused the Christians as convenient scapegoats, who were later persecuted and killed. From that point on, Roman official policy towards Christianity tended towards persecution. During the various Imperial crises of the 3rd century, “contemporaries were predisposed to... | What was the persecution of the Christians by Rome? | {
"text": [
"official policy"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
573222f30fdd8d15006c67ef | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | After the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD, Emperor Nero accused the Christians as convenient scapegoats, who were later persecuted and killed. From that point on, Roman official policy towards Christianity tended towards persecution. During the various Imperial crises of the 3rd century, “contemporaries were predisposed to... | How did early Christians view traditional Roman cultism? | {
"text": [
"ungodly practices"
],
"answer_start": [
861
]
} |
57322474e99e3014001e654e | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In the wake of religious riots in Egypt, the emperor Decius decreed that all subjects of the Empire must actively seek to benefit the state through witnessed and certified sacrifice to "ancestral gods" or suffer a penalty: only Jews were exempt. Decius' edict appealed to whatever common mos maiores might reunite a poli... | Which emperor decreed that all Romans must sacrifice to traditional gods? | {
"text": [
"Decius"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
57322474e99e3014001e654f | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In the wake of religious riots in Egypt, the emperor Decius decreed that all subjects of the Empire must actively seek to benefit the state through witnessed and certified sacrifice to "ancestral gods" or suffer a penalty: only Jews were exempt. Decius' edict appealed to whatever common mos maiores might reunite a poli... | What religious group was exempt from sacrifices? | {
"text": [
"Jews"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
57322474e99e3014001e6550 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In the wake of religious riots in Egypt, the emperor Decius decreed that all subjects of the Empire must actively seek to benefit the state through witnessed and certified sacrifice to "ancestral gods" or suffer a penalty: only Jews were exempt. Decius' edict appealed to whatever common mos maiores might reunite a poli... | What oath was a requirement of the emperor's decree? | {
"text": [
"Decian oath"
],
"answer_start": [
589
]
} |
57322474e99e3014001e6551 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In the wake of religious riots in Egypt, the emperor Decius decreed that all subjects of the Empire must actively seek to benefit the state through witnessed and certified sacrifice to "ancestral gods" or suffer a penalty: only Jews were exempt. Decius' edict appealed to whatever common mos maiores might reunite a poli... | What was the Decian decree meant to root out? | {
"text": [
"subversives"
],
"answer_start": [
657
]
} |
57322474e99e3014001e6552 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In the wake of religious riots in Egypt, the emperor Decius decreed that all subjects of the Empire must actively seek to benefit the state through witnessed and certified sacrifice to "ancestral gods" or suffer a penalty: only Jews were exempt. Decius' edict appealed to whatever common mos maiores might reunite a poli... | What happened to the decree after a year? | {
"text": [
"edict expired."
],
"answer_start": [
787
]
} |
573226e1b9d445190005e83d | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Valerian's first religious edict singled out Christianity as a particularly self-interested and subversive foreign cult, outlawed its assemblies and urged Christians to sacrifice to Rome's traditional gods. His second edict acknowledged a Christian threat to the Imperial system – not yet at its heart but close to it, a... | What did Valerian call the Christian religion? | {
"text": [
"subversive foreign cult"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
573226e1b9d445190005e83e | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Valerian's first religious edict singled out Christianity as a particularly self-interested and subversive foreign cult, outlawed its assemblies and urged Christians to sacrifice to Rome's traditional gods. His second edict acknowledged a Christian threat to the Imperial system – not yet at its heart but close to it, a... | What Christian events did Valerian outlaw? | {
"text": [
"assemblies"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
} |
573226e1b9d445190005e83f | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Valerian's first religious edict singled out Christianity as a particularly self-interested and subversive foreign cult, outlawed its assemblies and urged Christians to sacrifice to Rome's traditional gods. His second edict acknowledged a Christian threat to the Imperial system – not yet at its heart but close to it, a... | To what gods did Valerian tell the Christians to sacrifice? | {
"text": [
"Rome's traditional"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} |
573226e1b9d445190005e840 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Valerian's first religious edict singled out Christianity as a particularly self-interested and subversive foreign cult, outlawed its assemblies and urged Christians to sacrifice to Rome's traditional gods. His second edict acknowledged a Christian threat to the Imperial system – not yet at its heart but close to it, a... | What did Valerian's second edict call the Christians' presence in the empire? | {
"text": [
"threat"
],
"answer_start": [
249
]
} |
573226e1b9d445190005e841 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Valerian's first religious edict singled out Christianity as a particularly self-interested and subversive foreign cult, outlawed its assemblies and urged Christians to sacrifice to Rome's traditional gods. His second edict acknowledged a Christian threat to the Imperial system – not yet at its heart but close to it, a... | What did the Christian church become in the years after Valerian's death? | {
"text": [
"stronger"
],
"answer_start": [
504
]
} |
573228d1b9d445190005e865 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In 295, a certain Maximilian refused military service; in 298 Marcellus renounced his military oath. Both were executed for treason; both were Christians. At some time around 302, a report of ominous haruspicy in Diocletian's domus and a subsequent (but undated) dictat of placatory sacrifice by the entire military trig... | For what reason were Maximillian and Marcellus executed? | {
"text": [
"treason"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
573228d1b9d445190005e866 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In 295, a certain Maximilian refused military service; in 298 Marcellus renounced his military oath. Both were executed for treason; both were Christians. At some time around 302, a report of ominous haruspicy in Diocletian's domus and a subsequent (but undated) dictat of placatory sacrifice by the entire military trig... | In what year did Diocletian's edict order the destruction of Christian churches and texts? | {
"text": [
"303 AD"
],
"answer_start": [
378
]
} |
573228d1b9d445190005e867 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In 295, a certain Maximilian refused military service; in 298 Marcellus renounced his military oath. Both were executed for treason; both were Christians. At some time around 302, a report of ominous haruspicy in Diocletian's domus and a subsequent (but undated) dictat of placatory sacrifice by the entire military trig... | In 303 AD what did Christians begin losing? | {
"text": [
"legal rights"
],
"answer_start": [
587
]
} |
573228d1b9d445190005e868 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In 295, a certain Maximilian refused military service; in 298 Marcellus renounced his military oath. Both were executed for treason; both were Christians. At some time around 302, a report of ominous haruspicy in Diocletian's domus and a subsequent (but undated) dictat of placatory sacrifice by the entire military trig... | With what were Christian priests threatened in the second edict? | {
"text": [
"imprisonment"
],
"answer_start": [
825
]
} |
573228d1b9d445190005e869 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In 295, a certain Maximilian refused military service; in 298 Marcellus renounced his military oath. Both were executed for treason; both were Christians. At some time around 302, a report of ominous haruspicy in Diocletian's domus and a subsequent (but undated) dictat of placatory sacrifice by the entire military trig... | To what did the edict of 304 admonish Christians to sacrifice? | {
"text": [
"traditional gods"
],
"answer_start": [
950
]
} |
57322ed7b9d445190005e8a3 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In some cases and in some places the edicts were strictly enforced: some Christians resisted and were imprisoned or martyred. Others complied. Some local communities were not only pre-dominantly Christian, but powerful and influential; and some provincial authorities were lenient, notably the Caesar in Gaul, Constantiu... | How were the Roman edicts handled in some areas? | {
"text": [
"strictly enforced"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
57322ed7b9d445190005e8a4 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In some cases and in some places the edicts were strictly enforced: some Christians resisted and were imprisoned or martyred. Others complied. Some local communities were not only pre-dominantly Christian, but powerful and influential; and some provincial authorities were lenient, notably the Caesar in Gaul, Constantiu... | In areas of strict enforcement, what happened to Christians? | {
"text": [
"imprisoned or martyred"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
57322ed7b9d445190005e8a5 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In some cases and in some places the edicts were strictly enforced: some Christians resisted and were imprisoned or martyred. Others complied. Some local communities were not only pre-dominantly Christian, but powerful and influential; and some provincial authorities were lenient, notably the Caesar in Gaul, Constantiu... | What were some Christian communities? | {
"text": [
"powerful and influential"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
57322ed7b9d445190005e8a6 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In some cases and in some places the edicts were strictly enforced: some Christians resisted and were imprisoned or martyred. Others complied. Some local communities were not only pre-dominantly Christian, but powerful and influential; and some provincial authorities were lenient, notably the Caesar in Gaul, Constantiu... | What were some provincial governors in enforcement of the Roman edicts? | {
"text": [
"lenient"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
57322ed7b9d445190005e8a7 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In some cases and in some places the edicts were strictly enforced: some Christians resisted and were imprisoned or martyred. Others complied. Some local communities were not only pre-dominantly Christian, but powerful and influential; and some provincial authorities were lenient, notably the Caesar in Gaul, Constantiu... | When did Galerius revoke the anti-Christian policies? | {
"text": [
"311"
],
"answer_start": [
458
]
} |
57323080e17f3d14004226ff | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | With the abatement of persecution, St. Jerome acknowledged the Empire as a bulwark against evil but insisted that "imperial honours" were contrary to Christian teaching. His was an authoritative but minority voice: most Christians showed no qualms in the veneration of even "pagan" emperors. The peace of the emperors wa... | Who said the imperial honors were against Christian teachings? | {
"text": [
"St. Jerome"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
57323080e17f3d1400422700 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | With the abatement of persecution, St. Jerome acknowledged the Empire as a bulwark against evil but insisted that "imperial honours" were contrary to Christian teaching. His was an authoritative but minority voice: most Christians showed no qualms in the veneration of even "pagan" emperors. The peace of the emperors wa... | With what veneration did most Christians have little trouble? | {
"text": [
"\"pagan\" emperors"
],
"answer_start": [
274
]
} |
57323080e17f3d1400422701 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | With the abatement of persecution, St. Jerome acknowledged the Empire as a bulwark against evil but insisted that "imperial honours" were contrary to Christian teaching. His was an authoritative but minority voice: most Christians showed no qualms in the veneration of even "pagan" emperors. The peace of the emperors wa... | To what did the Christian church equate the peace of the emperors? | {
"text": [
"peace of God"
],
"answer_start": [
326
]
} |
57323080e17f3d1400422702 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | With the abatement of persecution, St. Jerome acknowledged the Empire as a bulwark against evil but insisted that "imperial honours" were contrary to Christian teaching. His was an authoritative but minority voice: most Christians showed no qualms in the veneration of even "pagan" emperors. The peace of the emperors wa... | What pontifax maximus favored the Catholic church? | {
"text": [
"Constantine I"
],
"answer_start": [
513
]
} |
57323080e17f3d1400422703 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | With the abatement of persecution, St. Jerome acknowledged the Empire as a bulwark against evil but insisted that "imperial honours" were contrary to Christian teaching. His was an authoritative but minority voice: most Christians showed no qualms in the veneration of even "pagan" emperors. The peace of the emperors wa... | What Christian group did Constantine I disapprove? | {
"text": [
"Donatists"
],
"answer_start": [
588
]
} |
5732321ce17f3d1400422717 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Constantine successfully balanced his own role as an instrument of the pax deorum with the power of the Christian priesthoods in determining what was (in traditional Roman terms) auspicious - or in Christian terms, what was orthodox. The edict of Milan (313) redefined Imperial ideology as one of mutual toleration. Cons... | What edict defined imperial ideas as being those of toleration? | {
"text": [
"edict of Milan"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} |
5732321ce17f3d1400422718 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Constantine successfully balanced his own role as an instrument of the pax deorum with the power of the Christian priesthoods in determining what was (in traditional Roman terms) auspicious - or in Christian terms, what was orthodox. The edict of Milan (313) redefined Imperial ideology as one of mutual toleration. Cons... | How did Constantine accept Christianity? | {
"text": [
"officially"
],
"answer_start": [
408
]
} |
5732321ce17f3d1400422719 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Constantine successfully balanced his own role as an instrument of the pax deorum with the power of the Christian priesthoods in determining what was (in traditional Roman terms) auspicious - or in Christian terms, what was orthodox. The edict of Milan (313) redefined Imperial ideology as one of mutual toleration. Cons... | Besides the acceptance of Christianity, what other religious cults were tolerated? | {
"text": [
"traditional religions"
],
"answer_start": [
439
]
} |
5732321ce17f3d140042271a | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Constantine successfully balanced his own role as an instrument of the pax deorum with the power of the Christian priesthoods in determining what was (in traditional Roman terms) auspicious - or in Christian terms, what was orthodox. The edict of Milan (313) redefined Imperial ideology as one of mutual toleration. Cons... | As what type of ruler did Constantine unite the empire and church? | {
"text": [
"absolute head of state"
],
"answer_start": [
932
]
} |
5732321ce17f3d140042271b | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Constantine successfully balanced his own role as an instrument of the pax deorum with the power of the Christian priesthoods in determining what was (in traditional Roman terms) auspicious - or in Christian terms, what was orthodox. The edict of Milan (313) redefined Imperial ideology as one of mutual toleration. Cons... | As what was Constantine honored when he died? | {
"text": [
"Christian, Imperial, and \"divus\""
],
"answer_start": [
994
]
} |
573233c1b9d445190005e8bd | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | At the time, there were many varying opinions about Christian doctrine, and no centralized way of enforcing orthodoxy. Constantine called all the Christian bishops throughout the Roman Empire to a meeting, and some 318 bishops (very few from the Western Empire) attended the First Council of Nicaea. The purpose of this ... | What group did Constantine call to a meeting? | {
"text": [
"First Council of Nicaea"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} |
573233c1b9d445190005e8be | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | At the time, there were many varying opinions about Christian doctrine, and no centralized way of enforcing orthodoxy. Constantine called all the Christian bishops throughout the Roman Empire to a meeting, and some 318 bishops (very few from the Western Empire) attended the First Council of Nicaea. The purpose of this ... | How many bishops attended the First Council? | {
"text": [
"318"
],
"answer_start": [
215
]
} |
573233c1b9d445190005e8bf | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | At the time, there were many varying opinions about Christian doctrine, and no centralized way of enforcing orthodoxy. Constantine called all the Christian bishops throughout the Roman Empire to a meeting, and some 318 bishops (very few from the Western Empire) attended the First Council of Nicaea. The purpose of this ... | From where were the bishops in attendance at the Council few in number? | {
"text": [
"Western Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
246
]
} |
573233c1b9d445190005e8c0 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | At the time, there were many varying opinions about Christian doctrine, and no centralized way of enforcing orthodoxy. Constantine called all the Christian bishops throughout the Roman Empire to a meeting, and some 318 bishops (very few from the Western Empire) attended the First Council of Nicaea. The purpose of this ... | What was the Council of Nicaea meant to define? | {
"text": [
"Christian orthodoxy"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} |
573233c1b9d445190005e8c1 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | At the time, there were many varying opinions about Christian doctrine, and no centralized way of enforcing orthodoxy. Constantine called all the Christian bishops throughout the Roman Empire to a meeting, and some 318 bishops (very few from the Western Empire) attended the First Council of Nicaea. The purpose of this ... | What agreement was reached a the Council of Nicaea ? | {
"text": [
"Nicene Creed"
],
"answer_start": [
453
]
} |
5732354ce17f3d140042272b | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The emperor Julian made a short-lived attempt to revive traditional and Hellenistic religion and to affirm the special status of Judaism, but in 380 under Theodosius I, Nicene Christianity became the official state religion of the Roman Empire. Pleas for religious tolerance from traditionalists such as the senator Symm... | What emperor tried to revive traditional religious practices? | {
"text": [
"Julian"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
5732354ce17f3d140042272c | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The emperor Julian made a short-lived attempt to revive traditional and Hellenistic religion and to affirm the special status of Judaism, but in 380 under Theodosius I, Nicene Christianity became the official state religion of the Roman Empire. Pleas for religious tolerance from traditionalists such as the senator Symm... | What was proclaimed the state religion under Theodosius I? | {
"text": [
"Nicene Christianity"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} |
5732354ce17f3d140042272d | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The emperor Julian made a short-lived attempt to revive traditional and Hellenistic religion and to affirm the special status of Judaism, but in 380 under Theodosius I, Nicene Christianity became the official state religion of the Roman Empire. Pleas for religious tolerance from traditionalists such as the senator Symm... | What pleas were rejected by the empire? | {
"text": [
"religious tolerance"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
5732354ce17f3d140042272e | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The emperor Julian made a short-lived attempt to revive traditional and Hellenistic religion and to affirm the special status of Judaism, but in 380 under Theodosius I, Nicene Christianity became the official state religion of the Roman Empire. Pleas for religious tolerance from traditionalists such as the senator Symm... | What group was excluded or persecuted by the empire? | {
"text": [
"Heretics"
],
"answer_start": [
392
]
} |
5732354ce17f3d140042272f | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The emperor Julian made a short-lived attempt to revive traditional and Hellenistic religion and to affirm the special status of Judaism, but in 380 under Theodosius I, Nicene Christianity became the official state religion of the Roman Empire. Pleas for religious tolerance from traditionalists such as the senator Symm... | What aspects of Roman religion influenced Christian forms? | {
"text": [
"ritual"
],
"answer_start": [
550
]
} |
573236d2e17f3d1400422735 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Constantine's nephew Julian rejected the "Galilean madness" of his upbringing for an idiosyncratic synthesis of neo-Platonism, Stoic asceticism and universal solar cult. Julian became Augustus in 361 and actively but vainly fostered a religious and cultural pluralism, attempting a restitution of non-Christian practices... | Who rejected the Christian religion? | {
"text": [
"Julian"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
573236d2e17f3d1400422736 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Constantine's nephew Julian rejected the "Galilean madness" of his upbringing for an idiosyncratic synthesis of neo-Platonism, Stoic asceticism and universal solar cult. Julian became Augustus in 361 and actively but vainly fostered a religious and cultural pluralism, attempting a restitution of non-Christian practices... | When did Julian become Augustus? | {
"text": [
"361"
],
"answer_start": [
196
]
} |
573236d2e17f3d1400422737 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Constantine's nephew Julian rejected the "Galilean madness" of his upbringing for an idiosyncratic synthesis of neo-Platonism, Stoic asceticism and universal solar cult. Julian became Augustus in 361 and actively but vainly fostered a religious and cultural pluralism, attempting a restitution of non-Christian practices... | What did Julian try to restore to the empire? | {
"text": [
"non-Christian practices"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} |
573236d2e17f3d1400422738 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Constantine's nephew Julian rejected the "Galilean madness" of his upbringing for an idiosyncratic synthesis of neo-Platonism, Stoic asceticism and universal solar cult. Julian became Augustus in 361 and actively but vainly fostered a religious and cultural pluralism, attempting a restitution of non-Christian practices... | What building did Julian want to rebuild? | {
"text": [
"Jerusalem's temple"
],
"answer_start": [
363
]
} |
573236d2e17f3d1400422739 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Constantine's nephew Julian rejected the "Galilean madness" of his upbringing for an idiosyncratic synthesis of neo-Platonism, Stoic asceticism and universal solar cult. Julian became Augustus in 361 and actively but vainly fostered a religious and cultural pluralism, attempting a restitution of non-Christian practices... | After Julian's death, under to what type of religion did the empire return? | {
"text": [
"Christian control"
],
"answer_start": [
688
]
} |
573238630fdd8d15006c685f | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The Western emperor Gratian refused the office of pontifex maximus, and against the protests of the senate, removed the altar of Victory from the senate house and began the disestablishment of the Vestals. Theodosius I briefly re-united the Empire: in 391 he officially adopted Nicene Christianity as the Imperial religi... | What office did Western emperor Gratian decline? | {
"text": [
"pontifex maximus"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
573238630fdd8d15006c6860 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The Western emperor Gratian refused the office of pontifex maximus, and against the protests of the senate, removed the altar of Victory from the senate house and began the disestablishment of the Vestals. Theodosius I briefly re-united the Empire: in 391 he officially adopted Nicene Christianity as the Imperial religi... | What group did Gratian seek the abolish? | {
"text": [
"Vestals"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
573238630fdd8d15006c6861 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The Western emperor Gratian refused the office of pontifex maximus, and against the protests of the senate, removed the altar of Victory from the senate house and began the disestablishment of the Vestals. Theodosius I briefly re-united the Empire: in 391 he officially adopted Nicene Christianity as the Imperial religi... | Which emperor briefly united the empire again? | {
"text": [
"Theodosius I"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
573238630fdd8d15006c6862 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The Western emperor Gratian refused the office of pontifex maximus, and against the protests of the senate, removed the altar of Victory from the senate house and began the disestablishment of the Vestals. Theodosius I briefly re-united the Empire: in 391 he officially adopted Nicene Christianity as the Imperial religi... | What flame did Theodosius extinguish to remove the Vestals from power? | {
"text": [
"Sacred fire"
],
"answer_start": [
463
]
} |
573238630fdd8d15006c6863 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The Western emperor Gratian refused the office of pontifex maximus, and against the protests of the senate, removed the altar of Victory from the senate house and began the disestablishment of the Vestals. Theodosius I briefly re-united the Empire: in 391 he officially adopted Nicene Christianity as the Imperial religi... | Of what was Theodosius the last emperor? | {
"text": [
"East and West"
],
"answer_start": [
1093
]
} |
573196af497a88190024909b | YouTube | YouTube is a global video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California, United States. The service was created by three former PayPal employees in February 2005. In November 2006, it was bought by Google for US$1.65 billion. YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries. The site allows users to upload... | Where is Youtube headquartered? | {
"text": [
"San Bruno, California, United States"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
573196af497a88190024909c | YouTube | YouTube is a global video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California, United States. The service was created by three former PayPal employees in February 2005. In November 2006, it was bought by Google for US$1.65 billion. YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries. The site allows users to upload... | When was Youtube created? | {
"text": [
"February 2005"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
573196af497a88190024909d | YouTube | YouTube is a global video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California, United States. The service was created by three former PayPal employees in February 2005. In November 2006, it was bought by Google for US$1.65 billion. YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries. The site allows users to upload... | How much did Google pay for Youtube in 2006? | {
"text": [
"US$1.65 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
} |
573196af497a88190024909e | YouTube | YouTube is a global video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California, United States. The service was created by three former PayPal employees in February 2005. In November 2006, it was bought by Google for US$1.65 billion. YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries. The site allows users to upload... | Other than video blogging and and educational videos, what content is available on youtube? | {
"text": [
"short original videos"
],
"answer_start": [
634
]
} |
573196af497a88190024909f | YouTube | YouTube is a global video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California, United States. The service was created by three former PayPal employees in February 2005. In November 2006, it was bought by Google for US$1.65 billion. YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries. The site allows users to upload... | How does youtube now operate as a business? | {
"text": [
"as one of Google's subsidiaries"
],
"answer_start": [
256
]
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.