id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 25.7k | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5a10dee906e79900185c343e | Internet_service_provider | Just as their customers pay them for Internet access, ISPs themselves pay upstream ISPs for Internet access. An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP or is able to provide the contracting ISP with access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to. | What does the contracting ISP have access to that the upstream ISP does not? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
56dfc22f7aa994140058e13f | Internet_service_provider | In the simplest case, a single connection is established to an upstream ISP and is used to transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network; this mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching a tier 1 carrier. In reality, the situation is often more complex. ISPs with mor... | What is the simplest case of an ISP using an upstream ISP? | {
"text": [
"transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
56dfc22f7aa994140058e140 | Internet_service_provider | In the simplest case, a single connection is established to an upstream ISP and is used to transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network; this mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching a tier 1 carrier. In reality, the situation is often more complex. ISPs with mor... | what do transit ISPs provide? | {
"text": [
"large amounts of bandwidth for connecting hosting ISPs and access ISPs"
],
"answer_start": [
573
]
} |
56dfc22f7aa994140058e141 | Internet_service_provider | In the simplest case, a single connection is established to an upstream ISP and is used to transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network; this mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching a tier 1 carrier. In reality, the situation is often more complex. ISPs with mor... | A mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching what? | {
"text": [
"a tier 1 carrier"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} |
56dfc22f7aa994140058e142 | Internet_service_provider | In the simplest case, a single connection is established to an upstream ISP and is used to transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network; this mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching a tier 1 carrier. In reality, the situation is often more complex. ISPs with mor... | What is a PoP? | {
"text": [
"point of presence"
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
} |
56dfc22f7aa994140058e143 | Internet_service_provider | In the simplest case, a single connection is established to an upstream ISP and is used to transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network; this mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching a tier 1 carrier. In reality, the situation is often more complex. ISPs with mor... | What provides bandwidth for the connecting of hosting ISPs and access ISPs? | {
"text": [
"Transit ISPs"
],
"answer_start": [
552
]
} |
5a10e0bf06e79900185c3443 | Internet_service_provider | In the simplest case, a single connection is established to an upstream ISP and is used to transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network; this mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching a tier 1 carrier. In reality, the situation is often more complex. ISPs with mor... | Who provides minimal amounts of bandwidth for connecting ISPs? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a10e0bf06e79900185c3444 | Internet_service_provider | In the simplest case, a single connection is established to an upstream ISP and is used to transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network; this mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching a tier 1 carrier. In reality, the situation is often more complex. ISPs with mor... | What is a point of protocol abbreviated as? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a10e0bf06e79900185c3445 | Internet_service_provider | In the simplest case, a single connection is established to an upstream ISP and is used to transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network; this mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching a tier 1 carrier. In reality, the situation is often more complex. ISPs with mor... | What has the same connection to an upstream ISP? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a10e0bf06e79900185c3446 | Internet_service_provider | In the simplest case, a single connection is established to an upstream ISP and is used to transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network; this mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching a tier 1 carrier. In reality, the situation is often more complex. ISPs with mor... | What transmits Internet within the home? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
56dfc2de231d4119001abdaf | Internet_service_provider | A virtual ISP (VISP) is an operation that purchases services from another ISP, sometimes called a wholesale ISP in this context, which allow the VISP's customers to access the Internet using services and infrastructure owned and operated by the wholesale ISP. VISPs resemble mobile virtual network operators and competit... | What is a VISP? | {
"text": [
"virtual ISP"
],
"answer_start": [
2
]
} |
56dfc2de231d4119001abdb1 | Internet_service_provider | A virtual ISP (VISP) is an operation that purchases services from another ISP, sometimes called a wholesale ISP in this context, which allow the VISP's customers to access the Internet using services and infrastructure owned and operated by the wholesale ISP. VISPs resemble mobile virtual network operators and competit... | What do VISPs resemble? | {
"text": [
"mobile virtual network operators"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} |
56dfc2de231d4119001abdb2 | Internet_service_provider | A virtual ISP (VISP) is an operation that purchases services from another ISP, sometimes called a wholesale ISP in this context, which allow the VISP's customers to access the Internet using services and infrastructure owned and operated by the wholesale ISP. VISPs resemble mobile virtual network operators and competit... | What do visps purchase services from? | {
"text": [
"a wholesale ISP"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
5a10e2b206e79900185c344b | Internet_service_provider | A virtual ISP (VISP) is an operation that purchases services from another ISP, sometimes called a wholesale ISP in this context, which allow the VISP's customers to access the Internet using services and infrastructure owned and operated by the wholesale ISP. VISPs resemble mobile virtual network operators and competit... | Who does an ISP purchase services from? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a10e2b206e79900185c344c | Internet_service_provider | A virtual ISP (VISP) is an operation that purchases services from another ISP, sometimes called a wholesale ISP in this context, which allow the VISP's customers to access the Internet using services and infrastructure owned and operated by the wholesale ISP. VISPs resemble mobile virtual network operators and competit... | Who do wholesale ISP purchased services from? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a10e2b206e79900185c344d | Internet_service_provider | A virtual ISP (VISP) is an operation that purchases services from another ISP, sometimes called a wholesale ISP in this context, which allow the VISP's customers to access the Internet using services and infrastructure owned and operated by the wholesale ISP. VISPs resemble mobile virtual network operators and competit... | What do virtual network operators resemble? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a10e2b206e79900185c344e | Internet_service_provider | A virtual ISP (VISP) is an operation that purchases services from another ISP, sometimes called a wholesale ISP in this context, which allow the VISP's customers to access the Internet using services and infrastructure owned and operated by the wholesale ISP. VISPs resemble mobile virtual network operators and competit... | How do VISP's customers access the Internet? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
56dfc3487aa994140058e167 | Internet_service_provider | Free ISPs are Internet service providers that provide service free of charge. Many free ISPs display advertisements while the user is connected; like commercial television, in a sense they are selling the user's attention to the advertiser. Other free ISPs, sometimes called freenets, are run on a nonprofit basis, usual... | What are free ISPs? | {
"text": [
"Internet service providers that provide service free of charge"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
56dfc3487aa994140058e168 | Internet_service_provider | Free ISPs are Internet service providers that provide service free of charge. Many free ISPs display advertisements while the user is connected; like commercial television, in a sense they are selling the user's attention to the advertiser. Other free ISPs, sometimes called freenets, are run on a nonprofit basis, usual... | What do free ISPs display in exchange for service? | {
"text": [
"advertisements"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
56dfc3487aa994140058e169 | Internet_service_provider | Free ISPs are Internet service providers that provide service free of charge. Many free ISPs display advertisements while the user is connected; like commercial television, in a sense they are selling the user's attention to the advertiser. Other free ISPs, sometimes called freenets, are run on a nonprofit basis, usual... | What are free ISPs similar to? | {
"text": [
"commercial television"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} |
56dfc3487aa994140058e16b | Internet_service_provider | Free ISPs are Internet service providers that provide service free of charge. Many free ISPs display advertisements while the user is connected; like commercial television, in a sense they are selling the user's attention to the advertiser. Other free ISPs, sometimes called freenets, are run on a nonprofit basis, usual... | How are freenets run? | {
"text": [
"on a nonprofit basis"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} |
5a10e3cc06e79900185c3453 | Internet_service_provider | Free ISPs are Internet service providers that provide service free of charge. Many free ISPs display advertisements while the user is connected; like commercial television, in a sense they are selling the user's attention to the advertiser. Other free ISPs, sometimes called freenets, are run on a nonprofit basis, usual... | What type of ISPs are free of restrictions? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a10e3cc06e79900185c3454 | Internet_service_provider | Free ISPs are Internet service providers that provide service free of charge. Many free ISPs display advertisements while the user is connected; like commercial television, in a sense they are selling the user's attention to the advertiser. Other free ISPs, sometimes called freenets, are run on a nonprofit basis, usual... | Who accepts donations instead of charging for services? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a10e3cc06e79900185c3455 | Internet_service_provider | Free ISPs are Internet service providers that provide service free of charge. Many free ISPs display advertisements while the user is connected; like commercial television, in a sense they are selling the user's attention to the advertiser. Other free ISPs, sometimes called freenets, are run on a nonprofit basis, usual... | What kind of television are free ISPs like? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a10e3cc06e79900185c3456 | Internet_service_provider | Free ISPs are Internet service providers that provide service free of charge. Many free ISPs display advertisements while the user is connected; like commercial television, in a sense they are selling the user's attention to the advertiser. Other free ISPs, sometimes called freenets, are run on a nonprofit basis, usual... | What are for-profit ISPs called? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
56dfc3c77aa994140058e171 | Internet_service_provider | A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequenci... | What is a WISP? | {
"text": [
"wireless Internet service provider"
],
"answer_start": [
2
]
} |
56dfc3c77aa994140058e172 | Internet_service_provider | A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequenci... | What technology is part of a WISP? | {
"text": [
"commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} |
56dfc3c77aa994140058e173 | Internet_service_provider | A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequenci... | What are some bands that Wi-Fi can operate over? | {
"text": [
"900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
56dfc3c77aa994140058e174 | Internet_service_provider | A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequenci... | What is a wireless internet service provider's network based on? | {
"text": [
"wireless networking"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
5a10e4ae06e79900185c345b | Internet_service_provider | A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequenci... | What is a wired Internet service provider? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a10e4ae06e79900185c345c | Internet_service_provider | A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequenci... | What kind of uncommon networking is used for WISPs | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a10e4ae06e79900185c345d | Internet_service_provider | A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequenci... | What operates unlicensed frequencies? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a10e4ae06e79900185c345e | Internet_service_provider | A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequenci... | What is designed to operate under open 900 MHz | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a10e4ae06e79900185c345f | Internet_service_provider | A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequenci... | W ISP do not operate in what band? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
56dfc460231d4119001abdc3 | Internet_service_provider | ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted—data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream I... | What is peering? | {
"text": [
"multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
56dfc460231d4119001abdc4 | Internet_service_provider | ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted—data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream I... | What does peering allow? | {
"text": [
"routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
56dfc460231d4119001abdc5 | Internet_service_provider | ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted—data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream I... | Why is peering used? | {
"text": [
"data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream ISP"
],
"answer_start": [
215
]
} |
56dfc460231d4119001abdc6 | Internet_service_provider | ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted—data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream I... | What are IXs? | {
"text": [
"Internet exchange points"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
56dfc460231d4119001abdc7 | Internet_service_provider | ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted—data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream I... | Where do multiple ISPs connect? | {
"text": [
"peering points or Internet exchange points"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
5a10e82f06e79900185c3465 | Internet_service_provider | ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted—data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream I... | Who may not engage in peering? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a10e82f06e79900185c3466 | Internet_service_provider | ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted—data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream I... | Different networks charge each other for what? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a10e82f06e79900185c3467 | Internet_service_provider | ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted—data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream I... | What would've been incurred by data passing through a third upstream ISP? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a10e82f06e79900185c3468 | Internet_service_provider | ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted—data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream I... | Nothing to what costs ISPs more money? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
56dfc4e0231d4119001abdd8 | Internet_service_provider | Network hardware, software and specifications, as well as the expertise of network management personnel are important in ensuring that data follows the most efficient route, and upstream connections work reliably. A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible.[citation needed] | Is a tradeoff between efficiency and cost possible? | {
"text": [
"A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} |
56dfc4e0231d4119001abdd9 | Internet_service_provider | Network hardware, software and specifications, as well as the expertise of network management personnel are important in ensuring that data follows the most efficient route, and upstream connections work reliably. A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible.[citation needed] | What sort of route does data follow? | {
"text": [
"the most efficient route"
],
"answer_start": [
148
]
} |
5a10e91306e79900185c346d | Internet_service_provider | Network hardware, software and specifications, as well as the expertise of network management personnel are important in ensuring that data follows the most efficient route, and upstream connections work reliably. A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible.[citation needed] | What trade-off is not possible? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a10e91306e79900185c346e | Internet_service_provider | Network hardware, software and specifications, as well as the expertise of network management personnel are important in ensuring that data follows the most efficient route, and upstream connections work reliably. A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible.[citation needed] | What follows most inefficient route? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a10e91306e79900185c346f | Internet_service_provider | Network hardware, software and specifications, as well as the expertise of network management personnel are important in ensuring that data follows the most efficient route, and upstream connections work reliably. A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible.[citation needed] | What works unreliably? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a10e91306e79900185c3470 | Internet_service_provider | Network hardware, software and specifications, as well as the expertise of network management personnel are important in ensuring that data follows the most efficient route, and upstream connections work reliably. A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible.[citation needed] | What ensures upstream connections are not reliable? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
56dfc592231d4119001abddd | Internet_service_provider | Internet service providers in many countries are legally required (e.g., via Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) in the U.S.) to allow law enforcement agencies to monitor some or all of the information transmitted by the ISP. Furthermore, in some countries ISPs are subject to monitoring by intelli... | What are ISPs subject to monitoring by in some countries? | {
"text": [
"intelligence agencies"
],
"answer_start": [
313
]
} |
56dfc592231d4119001abdde | Internet_service_provider | Internet service providers in many countries are legally required (e.g., via Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) in the U.S.) to allow law enforcement agencies to monitor some or all of the information transmitted by the ISP. Furthermore, in some countries ISPs are subject to monitoring by intelli... | What is the controversial N.S.A. program used in the U.S.? | {
"text": [
"PRISM"
],
"answer_start": [
407
]
} |
56dfc592231d4119001abddf | Internet_service_provider | Internet service providers in many countries are legally required (e.g., via Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) in the U.S.) to allow law enforcement agencies to monitor some or all of the information transmitted by the ISP. Furthermore, in some countries ISPs are subject to monitoring by intelli... | What does PRISM do? | {
"text": [
"provides for broad monitoring of Internet users traffic"
],
"answer_start": [
413
]
} |
56dfc592231d4119001abde0 | Internet_service_provider | Internet service providers in many countries are legally required (e.g., via Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) in the U.S.) to allow law enforcement agencies to monitor some or all of the information transmitted by the ISP. Furthermore, in some countries ISPs are subject to monitoring by intelli... | What do ISPs integrate into their network to provide information to intelligence agencies? | {
"text": [
"a wide array of surveillance and packet sniffing equipment"
],
"answer_start": [
627
]
} |
56dfc592231d4119001abde1 | Internet_service_provider | Internet service providers in many countries are legally required (e.g., via Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) in the U.S.) to allow law enforcement agencies to monitor some or all of the information transmitted by the ISP. Furthermore, in some countries ISPs are subject to monitoring by intelli... | What do DCSnet in the US and SORM in Russia do? | {
"text": [
"allowing monitoring of Internet traffic in real time"
],
"answer_start": [
831
]
} |
5a10eb6d06e79900185c3475 | Internet_service_provider | Internet service providers in many countries are legally required (e.g., via Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) in the U.S.) to allow law enforcement agencies to monitor some or all of the information transmitted by the ISP. Furthermore, in some countries ISPs are subject to monitoring by intelli... | What are ISPs not legally required to do? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a10eb6d06e79900185c3476 | Internet_service_provider | Internet service providers in many countries are legally required (e.g., via Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) in the U.S.) to allow law enforcement agencies to monitor some or all of the information transmitted by the ISP. Furthermore, in some countries ISPs are subject to monitoring by intelli... | What this PRISM stopped the national security agency for doing? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a10eb6d06e79900185c3477 | Internet_service_provider | Internet service providers in many countries are legally required (e.g., via Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) in the U.S.) to allow law enforcement agencies to monitor some or all of the information transmitted by the ISP. Furthermore, in some countries ISPs are subject to monitoring by intelli... | Who objects to PRISM | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a10eb6d06e79900185c3478 | Internet_service_provider | Internet service providers in many countries are legally required (e.g., via Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) in the U.S.) to allow law enforcement agencies to monitor some or all of the information transmitted by the ISP. Furthermore, in some countries ISPs are subject to monitoring by intelli... | What do ISPs remove from their networks to discourage intelligence agencies? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5a10eb6d06e79900185c3479 | Internet_service_provider | Internet service providers in many countries are legally required (e.g., via Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) in the U.S.) to allow law enforcement agencies to monitor some or all of the information transmitted by the ISP. Furthermore, in some countries ISPs are subject to monitoring by intelli... | What do many people say violates the First Amendment? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
56e01244231d4119001abf16 | Comics | Comics are a medium used to express ideas by images, often combined with text or other visual information. Comics frequently takes the form of juxtaposed sequences of panels of images. Often textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other informa... | Which form of comics entails the use of photographic images? | {
"text": [
"fumetti"
],
"answer_start": [
484
]
} |
56e01244231d4119001abf17 | Comics | Comics are a medium used to express ideas by images, often combined with text or other visual information. Comics frequently takes the form of juxtaposed sequences of panels of images. Often textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other informa... | In addition to onomatopoeia and captions, what can be used to show the dialogue in comics? | {
"text": [
"speech balloons"
],
"answer_start": [
215
]
} |
56e01244231d4119001abf18 | Comics | Comics are a medium used to express ideas by images, often combined with text or other visual information. Comics frequently takes the form of juxtaposed sequences of panels of images. Often textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other informa... | What type of comic has taken off in the 21st century? | {
"text": [
"online webcomics"
],
"answer_start": [
756
]
} |
56e01244231d4119001abf19 | Comics | Comics are a medium used to express ideas by images, often combined with text or other visual information. Comics frequently takes the form of juxtaposed sequences of panels of images. Often textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other informa... | The various sizes as well as how panels are arranged help with what aspect of comics? | {
"text": [
"narrative pacing"
],
"answer_start": [
371
]
} |
5acf6bcf77cf76001a684dd0 | Comics | Comics are a medium used to express ideas by images, often combined with text or other visual information. Comics frequently takes the form of juxtaposed sequences of panels of images. Often textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other informa... | Which form of comics entails the use of autographic images? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf6bcf77cf76001a684dd1 | Comics | Comics are a medium used to express ideas by images, often combined with text or other visual information. Comics frequently takes the form of juxtaposed sequences of panels of images. Often textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other informa... | In addition to onomatopoeia and captions, what can't be used to show the dialogue in comics? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf6bcf77cf76001a684dd2 | Comics | Comics are a medium used to express ideas by images, often combined with text or other visual information. Comics frequently takes the form of juxtaposed sequences of panels of images. Often textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other informa... | In addition to onomatopoeia and captions, what can be used to show the non-dialogue in comics? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf6bcf77cf76001a684dd3 | Comics | Comics are a medium used to express ideas by images, often combined with text or other visual information. Comics frequently takes the form of juxtaposed sequences of panels of images. Often textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other informa... | What type of comic has taken off in the 20th century? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf6bcf77cf76001a684dd4 | Comics | Comics are a medium used to express ideas by images, often combined with text or other visual information. Comics frequently takes the form of juxtaposed sequences of panels of images. Often textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other informa... | The various sizes as well as how panels are arranged don't help with what aspect of comics? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
56e01379231d4119001abf20 | Comics | The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures. Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings. By the mid-20th century, comics flourished particularly in the United States, western Europe (especially in France and Belgium), and Japan. The history of European com... | When did Rodolphe Töpffer create cartoons? | {
"text": [
"1830s"
],
"answer_start": [
384
]
} |
56e01379231d4119001abf22 | Comics | The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures. Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings. By the mid-20th century, comics flourished particularly in the United States, western Europe (especially in France and Belgium), and Japan. The history of European com... | Which superhero appeared in comics in 1938? | {
"text": [
"Superman"
],
"answer_start": [
711
]
} |
56e01379231d4119001abf23 | Comics | The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures. Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings. By the mid-20th century, comics flourished particularly in the United States, western Europe (especially in France and Belgium), and Japan. The history of European com... | What is Japanese cartooning known as? | {
"text": [
"manga"
],
"answer_start": [
783
]
} |
5acf6c2d77cf76001a684dda | Comics | The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures. Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings. By the mid-20th century, comics flourished particularly in the United States, western Europe (especially in France and Belgium), and Japan. The history of European com... | When did Rodolphe Töpffer create news? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf6c2d77cf76001a684ddb | Comics | The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures. Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings. By the mid-20th century, comics flourished particularly in the United States, western Europe (especially in France and Belgium), and Japan. The history of European com... | Which superhero appeared in comics in 1983? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf6c2d77cf76001a684ddc | Comics | The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures. Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings. By the mid-20th century, comics flourished particularly in the United States, western Europe (especially in France and Belgium), and Japan. The history of European com... | Which antihero appeared in comics in 1938? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf6c2d77cf76001a684ddd | Comics | The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures. Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings. By the mid-20th century, comics flourished particularly in the United States, western Europe (especially in France and Belgium), and Japan. The history of European com... | What is Chinese cartooning known as? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf6c2d77cf76001a684dde | Comics | The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures. Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings. By the mid-20th century, comics flourished particularly in the United States, western Europe (especially in France and Belgium), and Japan. The history of European com... | What is Japanese cartooning not known as? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
56e014a37aa994140058e2c3 | Comics | The English term comics is used as a singular noun when it refers to the medium and a plural when referring to particular instances, such as individual strips or comic books. Though the term derives from the humorous (or comic) work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips, it has become standard also... | French comics are also known as what? | {
"text": [
"bandes dessinées"
],
"answer_start": [
499
]
} |
56e014a37aa994140058e2c4 | Comics | The English term comics is used as a singular noun when it refers to the medium and a plural when referring to particular instances, such as individual strips or comic books. Though the term derives from the humorous (or comic) work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips, it has become standard also... | When is the term comics considered singular rather than plural? | {
"text": [
"when it refers to the medium"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
56e014a37aa994140058e2c5 | Comics | The English term comics is used as a singular noun when it refers to the medium and a plural when referring to particular instances, such as individual strips or comic books. Though the term derives from the humorous (or comic) work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips, it has become standard also... | The historical aspect of cartooning can be applied to mass reproduction or what? | {
"text": [
"recurring characters"
],
"answer_start": [
792
]
} |
56e014a37aa994140058e2c6 | Comics | The English term comics is used as a singular noun when it refers to the medium and a plural when referring to particular instances, such as individual strips or comic books. Though the term derives from the humorous (or comic) work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips, it has become standard also... | Some experts believe comics is a combination of what two things? | {
"text": [
"images and text"
],
"answer_start": [
660
]
} |
56e014a37aa994140058e2c7 | Comics | The English term comics is used as a singular noun when it refers to the medium and a plural when referring to particular instances, such as individual strips or comic books. Though the term derives from the humorous (or comic) work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips, it has become standard also... | What are Japanese comics called? | {
"text": [
"manga"
],
"answer_start": [
469
]
} |
5acf6cc177cf76001a684dee | Comics | The English term comics is used as a singular noun when it refers to the medium and a plural when referring to particular instances, such as individual strips or comic books. Though the term derives from the humorous (or comic) work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips, it has become standard also... | French comics are not known as what? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf6cc177cf76001a684def | Comics | The English term comics is used as a singular noun when it refers to the medium and a plural when referring to particular instances, such as individual strips or comic books. Though the term derives from the humorous (or comic) work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips, it has become standard also... | When is the term comics considered multiple rather than plural? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf6cc177cf76001a684df0 | Comics | The English term comics is used as a singular noun when it refers to the medium and a plural when referring to particular instances, such as individual strips or comic books. Though the term derives from the humorous (or comic) work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips, it has become standard also... | The non-historical aspect of cartooning can be applied to mass reproduction or what? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf6cc177cf76001a684df1 | Comics | The English term comics is used as a singular noun when it refers to the medium and a plural when referring to particular instances, such as individual strips or comic books. Though the term derives from the humorous (or comic) work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips, it has become standard also... | No experts believe comics is a combination of what two things? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf6cc177cf76001a684df2 | Comics | The English term comics is used as a singular noun when it refers to the medium and a plural when referring to particular instances, such as individual strips or comic books. Though the term derives from the humorous (or comic) work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips, it has become standard also... | What are Japanese comics never called? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
56e01a8f7aa994140058e2cd | Comics | The European, American, and Japanese comics traditions have followed different paths. Europeans have seen their tradition as beginning with the Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer from as early as 1827 and Americans have seen the origin of theirs in Richard F. Outcault's 1890s newspaper strip The Yellow Kid, though many Americans h... | Who is best known for being the first comics creator in Europe? | {
"text": [
"Rodolphe Töpffer"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} |
56e01a8f7aa994140058e2ce | Comics | The European, American, and Japanese comics traditions have followed different paths. Europeans have seen their tradition as beginning with the Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer from as early as 1827 and Americans have seen the origin of theirs in Richard F. Outcault's 1890s newspaper strip The Yellow Kid, though many Americans h... | Who is considered to be the first comic creator in America? | {
"text": [
"Richard F. Outcault"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
56e01a8f7aa994140058e2cf | Comics | The European, American, and Japanese comics traditions have followed different paths. Europeans have seen their tradition as beginning with the Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer from as early as 1827 and Americans have seen the origin of theirs in Richard F. Outcault's 1890s newspaper strip The Yellow Kid, though many Americans h... | When did Outcault's The Yellow Kid appear in newspapers? | {
"text": [
"1890s"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
56e01a8f7aa994140058e2d0 | Comics | The European, American, and Japanese comics traditions have followed different paths. Europeans have seen their tradition as beginning with the Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer from as early as 1827 and Americans have seen the origin of theirs in Richard F. Outcault's 1890s newspaper strip The Yellow Kid, though many Americans h... | What style of comics did Japan have a long history with prior to World War II? | {
"text": [
"satirical"
],
"answer_start": [
395
]
} |
5acf6d3877cf76001a684e02 | Comics | The European, American, and Japanese comics traditions have followed different paths. Europeans have seen their tradition as beginning with the Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer from as early as 1827 and Americans have seen the origin of theirs in Richard F. Outcault's 1890s newspaper strip The Yellow Kid, though many Americans h... | Who is best known for being the last comics creator in Europe? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf6d3877cf76001a684e03 | Comics | The European, American, and Japanese comics traditions have followed different paths. Europeans have seen their tradition as beginning with the Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer from as early as 1827 and Americans have seen the origin of theirs in Richard F. Outcault's 1890s newspaper strip The Yellow Kid, though many Americans h... | Who is least known for being the first comics creator in Europe? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf6d3877cf76001a684e04 | Comics | The European, American, and Japanese comics traditions have followed different paths. Europeans have seen their tradition as beginning with the Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer from as early as 1827 and Americans have seen the origin of theirs in Richard F. Outcault's 1890s newspaper strip The Yellow Kid, though many Americans h... | Who is considered to be the last comic creator in America? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf6d3877cf76001a684e05 | Comics | The European, American, and Japanese comics traditions have followed different paths. Europeans have seen their tradition as beginning with the Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer from as early as 1827 and Americans have seen the origin of theirs in Richard F. Outcault's 1890s newspaper strip The Yellow Kid, though many Americans h... | When did Outcault's The Yellow Kid appear in books? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
5acf6d3877cf76001a684e06 | Comics | The European, American, and Japanese comics traditions have followed different paths. Europeans have seen their tradition as beginning with the Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer from as early as 1827 and Americans have seen the origin of theirs in Richard F. Outcault's 1890s newspaper strip The Yellow Kid, though many Americans h... | What style of comics did Japan have a long history with prior to World War I? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
56e01bf5231d4119001abf29 | Comics | Outside of these genealogies, comics theorists and historians have seen precedents for comics in the Lascaux cave paintings in France (some of which appear to be chronological sequences of images), Egyptian hieroglyphs, Trajan's Column in Rome, the 11th-century Norman Bayeux Tapestry, the 1370 bois Protat woodcut, the ... | In France, what did historians find that they consider a precedent for comics? | {
"text": [
"Lascaux cave paintings"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
56e01bf5231d4119001abf2a | Comics | Outside of these genealogies, comics theorists and historians have seen precedents for comics in the Lascaux cave paintings in France (some of which appear to be chronological sequences of images), Egyptian hieroglyphs, Trajan's Column in Rome, the 11th-century Norman Bayeux Tapestry, the 1370 bois Protat woodcut, the ... | What Michelangelo work do historians consider to be a precedent for comics? | {
"text": [
"The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel"
],
"answer_start": [
378
]
} |
56e01bf5231d4119001abf2b | Comics | Outside of these genealogies, comics theorists and historians have seen precedents for comics in the Lascaux cave paintings in France (some of which appear to be chronological sequences of images), Egyptian hieroglyphs, Trajan's Column in Rome, the 11th-century Norman Bayeux Tapestry, the 1370 bois Protat woodcut, the ... | In Egypt, historians consider what to be a precedent for comics? | {
"text": [
"hieroglyphs"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
56e01bf5231d4119001abf2c | Comics | Outside of these genealogies, comics theorists and historians have seen precedents for comics in the Lascaux cave paintings in France (some of which appear to be chronological sequences of images), Egyptian hieroglyphs, Trajan's Column in Rome, the 11th-century Norman Bayeux Tapestry, the 1370 bois Protat woodcut, the ... | In Rome, what do historians consider to be a precedent for comics? | {
"text": [
"Trajan's Column"
],
"answer_start": [
220
]
} |
5acf6dbd77cf76001a684e0c | Comics | Outside of these genealogies, comics theorists and historians have seen precedents for comics in the Lascaux cave paintings in France (some of which appear to be chronological sequences of images), Egyptian hieroglyphs, Trajan's Column in Rome, the 11th-century Norman Bayeux Tapestry, the 1370 bois Protat woodcut, the ... | In France, what did historians find that they consider a irrelevant for comics? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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