source_doi stringlengths 13 57 | source_mag_paper_id int64 490k 157M | source_abstract stringlengths 8 10.7k | target_doi stringlengths 14 27 | target_summary stringlengths 42 889 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
10.1111/jnc.13266 | 28,932,717 | Abstract Substantial progress has been made in the genetic basis of Parkinson's disease ( PD ). In particular, by identifying genes that segregate with inherited PD or show robust association with sporadic disease, and by showing the same genes are found on both lists, we have generated an outline of the cause of this ... | 10.1038/nrn.2016.178 | The authors review the proposition that many known PD-related genes can be assigned to pathways that affect autophagy and mitochondrial quality control through mitophagy. |
10.1002/mds.26239 | 60,868,532 | Abstract Familial cases of Parkinson's disease (PD) can be associated with overexpression or mutation of α‐synuclein, a synaptic protein reported to be localized mainly in the cytosol and mitochondria. We recently showed that wild‐type α‐synuclein is not present in mitochondria, as previously thought, but rather is loc... | 10.1038/nrn.2016.178 | This review advances thenovel concept that α-syn affects neuronal function by modulating endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondrial crosstalk. |
10.1128/jb.184.4.1140-1154.2002 | 83,553,832 | ABSTRACT Complementary approaches were employed to characterize transitional episodes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development using direct observation and whole-cell protein analysis. Microscopy and in situ reporter gene analysis were used to directly observe changes in biofilm physiology and to act as signposts ... | 10.1038/nrmicro821 | Linked structural development with protein expression in Pseudomonas biofilms thereby demonstrating that biofilms can have regulated 'life-cycles'. |
10.1126/science.280.5361.295 | 104,407,002 | Bacteria in nature often exist as sessile communities called biofilms. These communities develop structures that are morphologically and physiologically differentiated from free-living bacteria. A cell-to-cell signal is involved in the development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. A specific signaling mutant, a lasI ... | 10.1038/nrmicro821 | Demonstrated that cell–cell communication molecules, associated with the production of virulence factors, have a role in the structure of Pseudomonas biofilms, opening the concept that biofilm structure was genetically regulated. |
10.1146/annurev.micro.57.030502.090720 | 20,450,833 | ▪ Abstract The role of biofilms in the pathogenesis of some chronic human infections is now widely accepted. However, the criteria used to determine whether a given infection is caused by biofilms remain unclear. In this chapter we discuss three infections that are caused by biofilms—infectious kidney stones, bacterial... | 10.1038/nrmicro821 | Discusses biofilm pathogenesis and defines some clinical criteria for classifying infections with a biofilm aetiology. |
10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02827.x | 62,083,978 | Summary The genetic and molecular basis of biofilm formation in staphylococci is multifaceted. The ability to form a biofilm affords at least two properties: the adherence of cells to a surface and accumulation to form multilayered cell clusters. A trademark is the production of the slime substance PIA, a polysaccharid... | 10.1038/nrmicro821 | An excellent review of staphylococcal biofilms and the molecular mechanisms of adhesion and biofilm development in staphylococci. |
10.1128/iai.28.2.546-556.1980 | 41,612,688 | Direct electron microscopic examination of postmortem lung material from cystic fibrosis patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa has shown that these bacterial cells form distinct fiber-enclosed microcolonies in the infected alveoli. Similar examination of bronchoscopy material from infected cystic fibrosis patie... | 10.1038/nrmicro821 | A seminal paper suggesting Pseudomonas pneumonia in cystic fibrosis is a biofilm infection. |
10.1128/aem.64.10.4035-4039.1998 | 18,946,424 | ABSTRACT The role of oxygen availability in determining the local physiological activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa growing in biofilms was investigated. Biofilms grown in an ambient-air environment expressed approximately 1/15th the alkaline phosphatase specific activity of planktonic bacteria subjected to the same pho... | 10.1038/nrmicro821 | Showed that biofilm cells could exhibit a wide range of physiologies from stationary phase to a highly active phase over very small distances (micrometres), due to the heterogeneity in nutrient distribution (in this case, oxygen) resulting from the mass transfer characteristics and the shape of the biofilm microcolonie... |
10.1523/jneurosci.4934-08.2009 | 17,686,680 | In humans, tobacco withdrawal produces symptoms that contribute to the difficulty associated with smoking cessation. Nicotine withdrawal symptoms can also be observed in rodents. A major standing question is which nicotinic receptor subtypes and which areas of the brain are necessary for nicotine withdrawal to occur. U... | 10.1038/nrn2849 | This study provides evidence for a role of the habenulo–interpeduncular system in nicotine withdrawal. |
10.1111/j.1601-183x.2005.00176.x | 18,906,300 | Patients with schizophrenia exhibit deficits in a range of cognitive functions, particularly working and episodic memory, which are thought to be core features of the disorder. Memory dysfunction in schizophrenia is familial and thus a promising endophenotype for genetic studies. Both human and animal studies suggest a... | 10.1038/nrn2849 | An elegant demonstration of the contribution of the α7 nAChR subunit to working memory. |
10.1523/jneurosci.2950-09.2009 | 103,216,546 | Active response to either natural or pharmacological reward causes synaptic modifications to excitatory synapses on dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Here, we examine these modifications using nicotine, the main addictive component of tobacco, which is a potent regulator of VTA DA neurons. Usin... | 10.1038/nrn2849 | An in vivo analysis of the top-down regulation of short-term to long-term nicotine consumption in the rat. |
10.1523/jneurosci.2402-07.2007 | 61,483,494 | Prenatal exposure to maternal smoking has been linked to cognitive and auditory processing deficits in offspring. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that exposure to nicotine disrupts neurodevelopment during gestation and adolescence, possibly by disrupting the trophic effects of acetylcholine. Given recent clinical... | 10.1038/nrn2849 | This study demonstrates the long-term consequences of tobacco smoking on white matter organization. |
10.1038/ismej.2007.2 | 20,591,009 | Abstract Owing to their vast diversity and as-yet uncultivated status, detection, characterization and quantification of microorganisms in natural settings are very challenging, and linking microbial diversity to ecosystem processes and functions is even more difficult. Microarray-based genomic technology for detecting... | 10.1038/nrmicro2575 | A description of the first comprehensive functional gene array, GeoChip 2.0, and its application for tracking the dynamics of metal-reducing bacteria during in situ bioremediation of a uranium-contaminated site. |
10.1073/pnas.0908456107 | 104,116,915 | Mutualistic interactions are taxonomically and functionally diverse. Despite their ubiquity, however, the basic ecological and evolutionary processes underlying their origin and maintenance are poorly understood. A major reason for this is the lack of an experimentally tractable model system. We examine the evolution o... | 10.1038/nrmicro2575 | The first example of syntrophy evolution observed in real time. This paper is a good example of how research on a Desulfovibrio sp. model system can both affect microbiology and address broad questions in evolutionary biology. |
10.1038/ismej.2009.154 | 82,800,997 | Abstract Understanding adaptation of biological communities to environmental change is a central issue in ecology and evolution. Metagenomic analysis of a stressed groundwater microbial community reveals that prolonged exposure to high concentrations of heavy metals, nitric acid and organic solvents (∼50 years) has res... | 10.1038/nrmicro2575 | The first community-level analysis to document the impact of anthropogenic change on microbial communities and to demonstrate the importance of lateral gene transfer in the adaptation of a microbial community to environmental change. |
10.1128/jb.180.11.2975-2982.1998 | 19,311,436 | ABSTRACT Microorganisms that use sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration play a central role in the global sulfur cycle. Here, we report the results of comparative sequence analysis of dissimilatory sulfite reductase (DSR) genes from closely and distantly related sulfate-reducing organisms to ... | 10.1038/nrmicro2575 | This paper develops the general approach for using the dsrAB genes to characterize the diversity of natural populations of sulphate-reducing microorganisms. Many of the sequences on the GeoChip were derived from these environmental sequences. |
10.1038/ismej.2010.46 | 122,682,597 | Abstract A new generation of functional gene arrays (FGAs; GeoChip 3.0) has been developed, with ∼28 000 probes covering approximately 57 000 gene variants from 292 functional gene families involved in carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur cycles, energy metabolism, antibiotic resistance, metal resistance and organic... | 10.1038/nrmicro2575 | This article marks the release of an updated GeoChip 3.0, with details for selected gene families, and describes its use to analyse the effects of plant diversity on the functional diversity and structure of soil microbial communities. |
10.1126/science.1195979 | 20,682,601 | Diving into Deep Water The Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico was one of the largest oil spills on record. Its setting at the bottom of the sea floor posed an unanticipated risk as substantial amounts of hydrocarbons leaked into the deepwater column. Three separate cruises identified and sampled deep und... | 10.1038/nrmicro2575 | This paper details the use of GeoChip 4.0 and other technologies to examine the potential of indigenous microbial communities to degrade contaminants from the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. |
10.1126/scitranslmed.3007653 | 41,515,757 | The antioxidants acetylcysteine and vitamin E accelerate tumor progression and reduce survival in mouse models of lung cancer by disrupting the ROS-p53 axis. | 10.1038/nrneph.2017.59 | Discussion of the possibility that antioxidants can worsen cancer; this effect might be related to glutamine reprogramming to the glutathione pathway. |
10.1002/ijc.22322 | 19,926,021 | Abstract Recently, pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI; EC 3.5.3.6) has been used to treat the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or melanoma, in which the level of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) activity is low or undetectable. The efficacy of its antitumor activity largely depends on the level of intracellular ... | 10.1038/nrneph.2017.59 | The first description of the use of ADI-PEG to target arginine reprogramming in a murine homograft RCC model. |
10.1073/pnas.1507228112 | 124,228,163 | The MYC oncogene is frequently mutated and overexpressed in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, there have been no studies on the causative role of MYC or any other oncogene in the initiation or maintenance of kidney tumorigenesis. Here, we show through a conditional transgenic mouse model that the MYC oncogene,... | 10.1038/nrneph.2017.59 | Discussion of the interaction of c-Myc with glutamine reprogramming in RCC. |
10.1093/oso/9780198566960.001.0001 | 149,038,195 | Abstract In the past 15 years parts of the cingulate cortex have been activated in thousands of neuroimaging studies and it has become a primary site of interest in structural and functional analyses of many neurological and psychiatric diseases. There are now more then 20 times the number of annual publications that a... | 10.1038/nrn2733 | A chapter from a recent book devoted to the entire cingulate cortex, of which the RSC is a component area. This is the first book devoted to the neurobiology of this region since 1993. |
10.1002/cne.21346 | 124,297,919 | Abstract We have investigated the cortical efferent projections of the macaque monkey retrosplenial and posterior cingulate cortices by using 3 H‐amino acids as anterograde tracers. All the injections produced extensive local connections to other portions of this region. There were also a number of extrinsic efferent c... | 10.1038/nrn2733 | The final paper in a series of three that provide the most detailed descriptions to date of the inputs to the RSC in an Old World monkey brain. |
10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06881.x | 19,150,791 | Abstract The present study revealed striking task‐dependent differences in immediate‐early gene activity in the two main subregions (granular and dysgranular) of the retrosplenial cortex. In addition, there were activity differences along the rostro‐caudal axis of both subregions. Two groups of rats were trained on a w... | 10.1038/nrn2733 | Rats were trained on spatial working memory tasks or control tasks, in the radial-arm maze, in either the presence or the absence of visual cues (that is, in the light or in the dark). There was increased immediate-early gene activity in the granular RSC in the working memory group both in the light and in the dark con... |
10.1111/1467-9450.00233 | 60,970,070 | The clinical and neuroimaging literatures are surveyed in order to collate for the first time the available data on retrosplenial involvement in human navigation. Several notable features emerge from consideration of the case reports of relatively pure topographical disorientation in the presence of a retrosplenial les... | 10.1038/nrn2733 | A range of single case reports of patients with RSC damage are reviewed. The effect on the patients' spatial navigation is considered in conjunction with functional neuroimaging studies of navigation that results in RSC activation. |
10.1098/rstb.2001.0948 | 17,592,499 | The computational role of the hippocampus in memory has been characterized as: (i) an index to disparate neocortical storage sites; (ii) a time–limited store supporting neocortical long–term memory; and (iii) a content–addressable associative memory. These ideas are reviewed and related to several general aspects of ep... | 10.1038/nrn2733 | Presents a neural-level model of the medial temporal and parietal roles in retrieval of the spatial context of an event. The central tenet is that medial temporal allocentric representations are used in long-term storage, whereas parietal egocentric representations are used to imagine, manipulate and re-experience the ... |
10.1073/pnas.0710279105 | 82,812,418 | The fresh water discharged by large rivers such as the Amazon is transported hundreds to thousands of kilometers away from the coast by surface plumes. The nutrients delivered by these river plumes contribute to enhanced primary production in the ocean, and the sinking flux of this new production results in carbon sequ... | 10.1038/nrmicro2594 | A paper detailing how the Amazon River enhances N 2 fixation and how the different diazotrophs present affect carbon sequestration in the area. |
10.1111/j.1758-2229.2009.00016.x | 124,945,729 | Summary Approximately 50% of the global natural fixation of nitrogen occurs in the oceans supporting a considerable part of the new primary production. Virtually all nitrogen fixation in the ocean occurs in the tropics and subtropics where the surface water temperature is 25°C or higher. It is attributed almost exclusi... | 10.1038/nrmicro2594 | An intriguing paper presenting a hypothesis to explain why free-living heterocystous cyanobacteria are found in cold waters and non-heterocystous filamentous cyanobacteria are found in warm waters. |
10.1002/cne.902910405 | 59,798,295 | Abstract Monoclonal antibody mab‐zebrin II was generated against a crude homogenate of cerebellum and electrosensory lateral line lobe from the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus . On Western blots of fish cerebellar proteins, mab‐zebrin II recognizes a single polypeptide antigen of apparent molecular weigh... | 10.1038/nrn2698 | The first identification of the canonical stripe antigen zebrin II. The zones and stripes revealed by the zebrin II expression map are widely used as a reference frame to correlate maps derived from different experimental techniques. |
10.1002/cne.901740304 | 82,958,845 | Abstract After lesions of inferior olive, survival times of 5 to 12 days and Nauta staining, degeneration is present in white matter and central cerebellar nuclei and Deiters' nucleus. Shorter survival times from 40 to 60 hours and Fink‐Heimer impregnation reveal degenerating climbing fiber terminals in the molecular l... | 10.1038/nrn2698 | One of the earlier anatomical studies by Voogd's group that provides important evidence to support the concept of longitudinal zones. The topography of olivocerebellar projections was systematically mapped in cats using degeneration and tritiated leucine methods. Small parts of the inferior olive were found to provide ... |
10.1113/jphysiol.1994.sp020126 | 4,617,588 | The purpose of the present work was to identify sites in the cerebellar cortex which are likely to control eyeblink. This work was motivated by findings suggesting that the cerebellum is involved in the learning and/or performance of the classically conditioned eyeblink response. The identification was based on climbin... | 10.1038/nrn2698 | An electrophysiological mapping study in decerebrate cats that demonstrates the existence of four spatially separate 'eyeblink' microzones on each side of the cerebellar cortex. It shows a close topographical correspondence between climbing fibre input from the ipsilateral periorbital area and motor output to control m... |
10.1523/jneurosci.23-11-04645.2003 | 80,291,985 | Individual cerebellar cortical zones defined by the somatotopy of climbing fiber responses and by their olivo-cortico-nuclear connections located in the paramedian lobule and the copula pyramidis of the rat cerebellum were microinjected with cholera toxin B subunit. Collateral branches of climbing and mossy fibers were... | 10.1038/nrn2698 | A combined electrophysiological and neuroanatomical tract tracing study in rats, presenting evidence that collateral branches of climbing fibres and mossy fibres associated with a particular longitudinal zone have a congruent spatial organization within the cerebellar cortex that relates to zebrin II stripes, suggestin... |
10.1126/science.1114383 | 20,820,469 | Organisms in fluctuating environments must constantly adapt their behavior to survive. In clonal populations, this may be achieved through sensing followed by response or through the generation of diversity by stochastic phenotype switching. Here we show that stochastic switching can be favored over sensing when the en... | 10.1038/nrmicro2504 | A theoretical analysis of the conditions that select for responsive versus spontaneous initiation of dormancy. |
10.1073/pnas.0706787104 | 101,658,255 | Recent claims of cultivable ancient bacteria within sealed environments highlight our limited understanding of the mechanisms behind long-term cell survival. It remains unclear how dormancy, a favored explanation for extended cellular persistence, can cope with spontaneous genomic decay over geological timescales. Ther... | 10.1038/nrmicro2504 | Strong empirical evidence for ancient ( ∼ 0.5 million years old) and viable bacteria in permafrost samples. |
10.1073/pnas.95.15.8916 | 103,959,280 | Viable cells of Micrococcus luteus secrete a factor, which promotes the resuscitation and growth of dormant, nongrowing cells of the same organism. The resuscitation-promoting factor (Rpf) is a protein, which has been purified to homogeneity. In picomolar concentrations, it increases the viable cell count of dormant M.... | 10.1038/nrmicro2504 | This article describes the isolation of a quorum sensing protein that is responsible for resuscitating dormant bacteria. |
10.1126/science.1195227 | 20,662,519 | α-Synuclein and Aging Transgenic α-synuclein can reverse the otherwise lethal neurodegeneration of cysteine string protein-α knockout mice via changes in SNARE proteins, which mediate synaptic vesicle release. Using experiments with purified recombinant proteins, triple αβγ-synuclein knockout mice, and studies of mouse... | 10.1038/nrn3406 | This paper identifies α-synuclein as a non-classical chaperone that binds and promotes SNARE-complex assembly. |
10.1073/pnas.90.23.11282 | 20,541,939 | A neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD) is a widespread amyloid deposition. We analyzed the entire amino acid sequences in an amyloid preparation and found, in addition to the major beta/A4-protein (A beta) fragment, two unknown peptides. We raised antibodies against synthetic peptides using subsequences... | 10.1038/nrn3406 | This is the first report of the NAC being a 140-amino-acid protein. |
10.1073/pnas.0908005106 | 41,620,662 | Cytoplasmic inclusions containing α-synuclein (α-Syn) fibrils, referred to as Lewy bodies (LBs), are the signature neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although α-Syn fibrils can be generated from recombinant α-Syn protein in vitro, the production of fibrillar α-Syn inclusions similar to authentic L... | 10.1038/nrn3406 | These authors showed that α-syn seeds can recruit endogenous soluble α-syn protein to form pathological species. |
10.1126/science.1101738 | 82,980,469 | Aberrant α-synuclein degradation is implicated in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis because the protein accumulates in the Lewy inclusion bodies associated with the disease. Little is known, however, about the pathways by which wild-type α-synuclein is normally degraded. We found that wild-type α-synuclein was selective... | 10.1038/nrn3406 | This paper identified lysosomes for degradation of wild-type α-syn by the chaperone-mediated autophagy pathway. |
10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08489.x | 41,579,012 | Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies are common disorders of the aging population and characterized by the progressive accumulation of α‐synuclein (α‐syn) in the central nervous system. Aggregation of α‐syn into oligomers with a ring‐like appearance has been proposed to play a role in toxicity. Howeve... | 10.1038/nrn3406 | Computational modelling shows that α-synuclein can form ring-like structures that penetrate the membrane. |
10.1523/jneurosci.16-03-01173.1996 | 18,183,421 | Both the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) and the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) have been implicated in the neural control of the cardiovascular response to stress. We used the GABAA agonist muscimol to inhibit neuronal activation and attempted to identify hypothalamic nuclei required for the cardiov... | 10.1038/nrn2647 | One of several excellent papers from the DiMicco laboratory demonstrating the importance of the DMH in stress regulation. This study used a microinjection strategy to prove the primacy of the DMH in regulating cardiovascular stress responses. See other papers from this group for more information. |
10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01733.x | 100,394,744 | Abstract It has been hypothesized that the brain categorizes stressors and utilizes neural response pathways that vary in accordance with the assigned category. If this is true, stressors should elicit patterns of neuronal activation within the brain that are category‐specific. Data from previous immediate–early gene e... | 10.1038/nrn2647 | A key paper from the Day laboratory, demonstrating that lesions of the MeA but not the CeA block ACTH responses and PVN activation by psychogenic stress. |
10.1523/jneurosci.4297-06.2006 | 29,281,964 | The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is an important neural substrate for integrating cognitive-affective information and regulating the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis response to emotional stress. mPFC modulation of stress responses is effected in part via the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH), which... | 10.1038/nrn2647 | The most recent paper on the role of the medial prefrontal cortex in stress regulation, showing differential actions of the dorsal and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in HPA axis inhibition and activation of PVN preautonomic neurons, respectively. |
10.1073/pnas.0406458102 | 39,741,664 | Dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is a hallmark of major depressive disorder. A number of studies have shown that this dysregulation is correlated with impaired forebrain glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function. To determine whether a primary, acquired deficit in forebrain GR signaling is an ... | 10.1038/nrn2647 | Used a region-specific knockout mouse to indicate the requirement of the hippocampal and cortical GR in normal stress termination and glucocorticoid negative feedback. |
10.1523/jneurosci.4301-06.2007 | 102,947,352 | Limbic and cortical neurocircuits profoundly influence hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis responses to stress yet have little or no direct projections to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Numerous lines of evidence suggest that the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) is well positioned to rel... | 10.1038/nrn2647 | A paper from our group demonstrating selective involvement of distinct BST cell populations in activation and inhibition of HPA axis stress responses. |
10.1002/cne.903320102 | 20,556,771 | Abstract The axonal projections of the ventral subiculum to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) were examined in the rat with the anterograde neuronal tracer Phaseolus vulgaris ‐ leucoagglutinin (PHA‐L). Axons originating in the ventral subiculum coursed to the BST through either the fimbria‐fornix, or a path... | 10.1038/nrn2647 | This study used dual tracing methods to demonstrate innervation of PVN-projecting neurons by ventral subiculum (that is, hippocampal) efferents. It also documented the predominantly GABAergic phenotype of most PVN-projecting regions in the BST. |
10.1152/ajpregu.00614.2001 | 44,370,318 | Depressed patients with and without a history of cardiovascular pathology display signs, such as elevated heart rate, decreased heart rate variability, and increased physiological reactivity to environmental stressors, which may indicate a predisposition to cardiovascular disease. The specific physiological mechanisms ... | 10.1038/nrn2647 | A demonstration of the influence of chronic stress on autonomic function in the rat. |
10.1101/gad.1709408 | 38,735,037 | Previous studies of synaptonemal complex assembly in budding yeast have suggested that chromosome synapsis initiates at the sites of crossing over. The data presented here, however, indicate that centromeric regions are preferred sites for synapsis initiation. At early times during meiosis in wild type, the Zip1 protei... | 10.1038/nsmb.3208 | This paper shows that the SC is initially assembled at centromeres through a recombination-independent mechanism, thus suggesting that there are two classes of SC assembly in yeast |
10.1083/jcb.201506103 | 81,993,429 | During meiotic prophase I, proteinaceous structures called synaptonemal complexes (SCs) connect homologous chromosomes along their lengths via polymeric arrays of transverse filaments (TFs). Thus, control of TF polymerization is central to SC formation. Using budding yeast, we show that efficiency of TF polymerization ... | 10.1038/nsmb.3208 | This paper provides evidence that a positive feedback mechanism may drive SC extension, results supporting the well-known self-assembly properties of the SC |
10.1083/jcb.200410144 | 41,477,805 | Homologous chromosome pairs (bivalents) undergo restructuring during meiotic prophase to convert a configuration that promotes crossover recombination into one that promotes bipolar spindle attachment and localized cohesion loss. We have imaged remodeling of meiotic chromosome structures after pachytene exit in Caenorh... | 10.1038/nsmb.3208 | This paper determines that the crossover is the symmetry-breaking event triggering the asymmetric disassembly of the SC |
10.1126/science.1120847 | 80,403,066 | How do animals discriminate self-generated from external stimuli during behavior and prevent desensitization of their sensory pathways? A fundamental concept in neuroscience states that neural signals, termed corollary discharges or efference copies, are forwarded from motor to sensory areas. Neurons mediating these si... | 10.1038/nrn2457 | This report is one of a series of elegant studies carried out by the authors in which they homed in on, and both anatomically and physiologically identified, a CDI in the cricket auditory system. |
10.1126/science.7291985 | 109,170,776 | In electric fish of the mormyrid family, an efference copy is present in the brain region that receives afferent input from ampullary electroreceptors. The efference copy is elicited by the motor command to fire the electric organ. Its effect is always opposite that of ampullary afferents responding to the electric org... | 10.1038/nrn2457 | This was a pioneering study that unveiled a plastic CD in the mormyrid that was modifiable by recent sensory experience. |
10.1126/science.1069590 | 62,067,169 | It is essential to keep track of the movements we make, and one way to do that is to monitor correlates, or corollary discharges, of neuronal movement commands. We hypothesized that a previously identified pathway from brainstem to frontal cortex might carry corollary discharge signals. We found that neuronal activity ... | 10.1038/nrn2457 | This was the first study to identify a CD pathway in the primate brain. |
10.1073/pnas.90.24.11688 | 16,765,125 | Glutamate mediates fast synaptic transmission at the majority of excitatory synapses throughout the central nervous system by interacting with different types of receptor channels. Cloning of glutamate receptors has provided evidence for the existence of several structurally related subunit families, each composed of s... | 10.1038/nrn3335 | These authors, for the first time, recorded pharmacologically isolated kainate receptor-mediated currents from neurons derived from the CNS using a newly developed non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist, thereby setting the stage for subsequent detection of postsynaptic kainate receptors. |
10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.203 | 20,784,016 | ▪ Abstract Binocular disparity provides the visual system with information concerning the three-dimensional layout of the environment. Recent physiological studies in the primary visual cortex provide a successful account of the mechanisms by which single neurons are able to signal disparity. This work also reveals tha... | 10.1038/nrn2131 | A core review article that comprehensively and critically summarises the field. |
10.1152/jn.01042.2003 | 19,704,133 | Stereoscopic vision relies mainly on relative depth differences between objects rather than on their absolute distance in depth from where the eyes fixate. However, relative disparities are computed from absolute disparities, and it is not known where these two stages are represented in the human brain. Using functiona... | 10.1038/nrn2131 | This ingenious paper made a clear quantitative justification for a division of stereoscopic depth functions between the dorsal and ventral streams on the basis of human fMRI results. |
10.1152/jn.2001.85.5.2245 | 95,547,677 | Single-unit discharges were recorded in the medial superior temporal area (MST) of five behaving monkeys. Brief (230-ms) horizontal disparity steps were applied to large correlated or anticorrelated random-dot patterns (in which the dots had the same or opposite contrast, respectively, at the two eyes), eliciting verge... | 10.1038/nrn2131 | An elegant analysis that demonstrates that the firing within the neuronal population of MST is sufficient to account for the vergence eye movement responses to binocularly correlated and anticorrelated visual patterns. |
10.1126/science.2396096 | 2,602,952 | The possibility has been explored that a subset of physiologically identifiable cells in the visual cortex is especially suited for the processing of stereoscopic depth information. First, characteristics of a disparity detector that would be useful for such processing were outlined. Then, a method was devised by which... | 10.1038/nrn2131 | A highly influential and successful model of the responses of disparity-selective neurons in the primary visual cortex. |
10.1038/jcbfm.2009.240 | 18,685,617 | Chemokines and their receptors have crucial roles in the trafficking of leukocytes, and are of particular interest in the context of the unique immune responses elicited in the central nervous system (CNS). The chemokine system CC ligand 2 (CCL2) with its receptor CC receptor 2 (CCR2), as well as the receptor CXCR2 and... | 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.13 | Excellent review on the several crucial roles of chemokines and their receptors in response to traumatic brain injury, with a focus on two of the best-studied chemokines, CCL2 and CXCL8. |
10.1186/1742-2094-9-137 | 101,458,360 | Abstract The complement system, a major component of the innate immune system, is becoming increasingly recognised as a key participant in physiology and disease. The awareness that immunological mediators support various aspects of both normal central nervous system (CNS) function and pathology has led to a renaissanc... | 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.13 | Review of complement activation and dysregulation after brain and spinal cord injury, including several complement-targeted therapeutics. |
10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2308 | 99,861,648 | Abstract Purpose: To investigate the impact of prostate cancer cell surface glycosylation as part of the tumor cell–endothelial cell interaction in prostate cancer metastasis. Experimental Design: Glycosyltransferase expression was profiled in metastasis-derived prostate cancer cell lines and compared with primary epit... | 10.1038/nrurol.2016.65 | Positive binding of the Helix pomatia (HPA) lectin is associated with disease progression and metastasis in a range of cancer types; however, in prostate cancer, binding of HPA is reduced in metastatic disease and patients with HPA-negative tumours have worse overall survival and faster progression. |
10.1073/pnas.95.20.11981 | 81,163,844 | Aquaporin (AQP) water channels are abundant in the brain and spinal cord, where AQP1 and AQP4 are believed to play major roles in water metabolism and osmoregulation. Immunocytochemical analysis of the brain recently revealed that AQP4 has a highly polarized distribution, with marked expression in astrocyte end-feet th... | 10.1038/nrn3468 | This paper provides one of the earliest descriptions of AQP4 expression in the brain. |
10.1084/jem.20050304 | 104,305,751 | Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that selectively affects optic nerves and spinal cord. It is considered a severe variant of multiple sclerosis (MS), and frequently is misdiagnosed as MS, but prognosis and optimal treatments differ. A serum immunoglobulin G autoantibody (NMO-IgG) serv... | 10.1038/nrn3468 | This study identifies AQP4 as the target of NMO autoantibodies. |
10.1046/j.1600-0854.2003.00156.x | 41,728,945 | The uroepithelium lines the inner surface of the renal pelvis, the ureters, and the urinary bladder, where it forms a tight barrier that allows for retention of urine, while preventing the unregulated movement of ions, solutes, and toxic metabolites across the epithelial barrier. In the case of the bladder, the permeab... | 10.1038/nrn2401 | This is an excellent review of the properties of the urothelium. |
10.1111/j.1469-7793.1997.503bb.x | 87,060,699 | The responses of rabbit urinary bladder to hydrostatic pressure changes and to electrical stimulation have been investigated using both the Ussing chamber and a superfusion apparatus. These experiments enabled us to monitor changes in both ionic transport across the tissue and cellular ATP release from it. The urinary ... | 10.1038/nrn2401 | This was the first study to show the release of ATP from the urothelium. |
10.1046/j.1464-410x.2003.03802.x | 79,727,799 | OBJECTIVES To describe the ultrastructure and relationship to nerves of the myofibroblast in the human bladder lamina propria, and discuss its possible role in bladder function, including sensing stretch, as the response of the bladder to stretch has been thoroughly investigated by afferent nerve recordings, but specia... | 10.1038/nrn2401 | In this paper, meticulous ultrastructural studies that identified myofibroblasts in the human bladder led to the hypothesis that these myofibroblasts form a structure that has the necessary characteristics to constitute the stretch receptor that signals bladder distension. |
10.1002/cne.20753 | 124,074,372 | Abstract The central control of the bladder is a complex, multilevel process. Recent advances in functional brain imaging have allowed research into this control in humans. This article reviews the functional imaging studies published to date and discusses the regions of the brain that have been implicated in the centr... | 10.1038/nrn2401 | This is a comprehensive review of brain-imaging studies related to the CNS control of micturition. |
10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.41.1.691 | 81,496,539 | The functions of the lower urinary tract, to store and periodically release urine, are dependent on the activity of smooth and striated muscles in the urinary bladder, urethra, and external urethral sphincter. This activity is in turn controlled by neural circuits in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral ganglia. Vari... | 10.1038/nrn2401 | This is a comprehensive review of the pharmacology of the lower urinary tract. |
10.1126/science.170679 | 109,447,717 | Bacteria with motility directed by the local geomagnetic field have been observed in marine sediments. These magnetotactic microorganisms possess flagella and contain novel structured particles, rich in iron, within intracytoplasmic membrane vesicles. Conceivably these particles impart to cells a magnetic moment. This ... | 10.1038/nrmicro842 | The first report to describe the phenomenon of magnetotaxis in bacteria. |
10.1128/jb.141.3.1399-1408.1980 | 122,399,399 | The ultrastructure of a magnetotactic bacterium (strain MS-1) was examined by transmission, scanning, and scanning-transmission electron microscopy. The organism resembled other spirilla in general cell morphology, although some differences were detected at the ultrastructural level. Electron-dense particles within mag... | 10.1038/nrmicro842 | The first to describe the ultrastructural details of the magnetosome. |
10.1126/science.203.4387.1355 | 82,930,558 | A previously undescribed magnetotactic spirillum isolated from a freshwater swamp was mass cultured in the magnetic as well as the nonmagnetic state in chemically defined culture media. Results of Mössbauer spectroscopic analysis applied to whole cells identifies magnetite as a constituent of these magnetic bacteria. | 10.1038/nrmicro842 | This pioneering paper not only describes the discovery of magnetite in bacteria but also represents the first report of metal crystals in bacteria. |
10.1126/science.259.5096.803 | 102,452,031 | Magnetosomes are intracellular, iron-rich, membrane-enclosed magnetic particles that allow magnetotactic bacteria to orient in the earth's geomagnetic field as they swim. The magnetosomes of most magnetotactic bacteria contain iron oxide particles, but some magnetotactic species contain iron sulfide particles instead. ... | 10.1038/nrmicro842 | The first and only paper so far to report the phylogenetic analysis of a greigite-producing magnetotactic bacterium. |
10.1126/science.285.5435.1892 | 17,603,052 | A series of carefully controlled laboratory studies was carried out to investigate oxygen and iron isotope fractionation during the intracellular production of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) by two different species of magnetotactic bacteria at temperatures between 4° and 35°C under microaerobic and anaerobic conditions. No det... | 10.1038/nrmicro842 | This study shows that magnetotactic bacteria do not fractionate iron in magnetite magnetosomes. |
10.1128/jb.170.2.834-841.1988 | 122,399,364 | Intact magnetosomes of Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum were purified from broken cells by a magnetic separation technique. Electron microscopic and chemical analyses revealed the magnetite to be enclosed by a lipid bilayer admixed with proteins. Lipids were recovered in fractions expected to contain (i) neutral lipids an... | 10.1038/nrmicro842 | The first report of the presence of unique proteins in the magnetosome membrane and the first description of the magnetosome membrane as a lipid bilayer. |
10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.665_2.x | 124,912,364 | Cytochrome cd 1 , nitrite reductase was isolated from magnetite‐containing cells of the magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum (formerly Aquaspirillum ) magnetotacticum , which was microaerobically cultivated under denitrifying conditions. The enzyme showed absorption maxima at 643 nm and 409 nm in the oxidized form,... | 10.1038/nrmicro842 | First evidence for a role of an enzyme involved in nitrogen oxide reduction in magnetite synthesis in a magnetotactic bacterium. |
10.1126/science.273.5277.924 | 38,208,264 | Fresh fracture surfaces of the martian meteorite ALH84001 contain abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These fresh fracture surfaces also display carbonate globules. Contamination studies suggest that the PAHs are indigenous to the meteorite. High-resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy st... | 10.1038/nrmicro842 | This paper provides several lines of evidence based on geological and chemical aspects of Martian meteorite ALH84001 that indicate that life existed on ancient Mars. |
10.1530/jme-13-0064 | 82,122,762 | Astrocytes exert a wide variety of functions with paramount importance in brain physiology. After injury or infection, astrocytes become reactive and they respond by producing a variety of inflammatory mediators that help maintain brain homeostasis. Loss of astrocyte functions as well as their excessive activation can ... | 10.1038/nrn3657 | This is a comprehensive review focusing on the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective role of melanocortins in the CNS. |
10.1111/gbb.12057 | 103,037,112 | While it is known that mice lacking melanocortin 4 receptor ( MC4R ) expression develop hyperphagia resulting in early‐onset obesity, the specific neural circuits that mediate this process remain unclear. Here, we report that selective restoration of MC4R expression within dopamine‐1 receptor‐expressing neurons [ MC4R ... | 10.1038/nrn3657 | This study elucidates the physiological role of MC4R-mediated signalling within D1R-expressing neurons and the behavioural response to cocaine. |
10.1073/pnas.1308195110 | 16,920,394 | Compulsive behavior is a debilitating clinical feature of many forms of neuropsychiatric disease, including Tourette syndrome, obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders, eating disorders, and autism. Although several studies link striatal dysfunction to compulsivity, the pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Here, w... | 10.1038/nrn3657 | This is the first study to show that constitutive and induced genetic deletion of MC4R normalizes compulsive grooming in SAPAP3-null mice, offering insights into the treatment of compulsive behavioural and eating disorders. |
10.2337/db12-0598 | 103,016,822 | The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is well recognized as an important mediator of body weight homeostasis. Activation of MC4R causes dramatic weight loss in rodent models, and mutations in human are associated with obesity. This makes MC4R a logical target for pharmacological therapy for the treatment of obesity. Howev... | 10.1038/nrn3657 | This study demonstrates, for the first time, that highly selective melanocortin peptide drugs can be used for the treatment of weight loss. |
10.1073/pnas.89.21.10499 | 103,259,777 | Severe, transient global ischemia of the brain induces delayed damage to specific neuronal populations. Sustained Ca2+ influx through glutamate receptor channels is thought to play a critical role in postischemic cell death. Although most kainate-type glutamate receptors are Ca(2+)-impermeable, Ca(2+)-permeable kainate... | 10.1038/nrn1106 | One of the earliest demonstrations that post-ischaemic modifications in neurotransmitter receptor structure influence excitotoxic neuronal death. |
10.1073/pnas.88.24.11158 | 80,565,452 | Oxygen-derived free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of vasogenic edema and infarction caused by ischemia and reperfusion injury. In earlier studies, exogenously supplied liposome-entrapped CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) ameliorated ischemic brain edema and infarction in rats following focal cere... | 10.1038/nrn1106 | The first study that used transgenic mice to demonstrate the importance of oxidative stress in ischaemic brain injury. |
10.1126/science.7522345 | 102,952,492 | The proposal that nitric oxide (NO) or its reactant products mediate toxicity in brain remains controversial in part because of the use of nonselective agents that block NO formation in neuronal, glial, and vascular compartments. In mutant mice deficient in neuronal NO synthase (NOS) activity, infarct volumes decreased... | 10.1038/nrn1106 | The first study using knockout mouse technology to show that the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase has a detrimental role in focal stroke. |
10.1126/science.1072221 | 20,855,366 | Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) protects the genome by functioning in the DNA damage surveillance network. PARP-1 is also a mediator of cell death after ischemia-reperfusion injury, glutamate excitotoxicity, and various inflammatory processes. We show that PARP-1 activation is required for translocation of apopt... | 10.1038/nrn1106 | This study shows important organelle cross-talk linking mitochondrial dysfunction, energy deficits related to PARP activation and caspase-independent cell death mediated by AIF. |
10.1073/pnas.94.5.2007 | 18,016,649 | The interleukin 1β converting enzyme (ICE) family plays a pivotal role in programmed cell death and has been implicated in stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. During reperfusion after filamentous middle cerebral artery occlusion, ICE-like cleavage products and tissue immunoreactive interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels incr... | 10.1038/nrn1106 | The first study demonstrating proof-of-concept that pharmacological inhibition of caspases protects brain in experimental stroke models. |
10.1097/00004647-200102000-00001 | 103,404,055 | Programmed cell death (PCD) is an ordered and tightly controlled set of changes in gene expression and protein activity that results in neuronal cell death during brain development. This article reviews the molecular pathways by which PCD is executed in mammalian cells and the potential relation of these pathways to pa... | 10.1038/nrn1106 | A comprehensive review surveying the evidence for multiple pathways of apoptotic-like cell death in stroke. |
10.1126/science.1073634 | 20,507,665 | Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and stroke. However, the mechanism of MMP activation remains unclear. We report that MMP activation involves S-nitrosylation. During cerebral ischemia in vivo, MMP-9 colocalized with neuronal nitric oxide synthase. S-Nitro... | 10.1038/nrn1106 | Provides evidence that NOS nitrosylates MMPs and mediates anoikis-like cell death in neurons, thereby providing a link between nitrosative stress and extracellular proteolysis. |
10.1097/00004647-200107000-00009 | 60,562,646 | The integrity of cerebral microvessels requires the close apposition of the endothelium to the astrocyte endfeet. Integrins α 1 β 1 and α 6 β 4 are cellular matrix receptors that may contribute to cerebral microvascular integrity. It has been hypothesized that focal ischemia alters integrin expression in a characterist... | 10.1038/nrn1106 | This study showed that microvascular injury was related to neuronal cell death and therefore linked the response of these two cell components of the neurovascular unit. |
10.1097/00004647-199908000-00001 | 122,435,920 | Contrary to previous dogmas, it is now well established that brain cells can produce cytokines and chemokines, and can express adhesion molecules that enable an in situ inflammatory reaction. The accumulation of neutrophils early after brain injury is believed to contribute to the degree of brain tissue loss. Support f... | 10.1038/nrn1106 | A comprehensive review of the multifaceted aspects of inflammation in cerebral ischaemia. |
10.1038/sj.bjp.0701871 | 108,776,261 | Excitotoxic and apoptotic mechanisms have been implicated in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischaemia. Both MK‐801, an NMDA receptor antagonist, or peptide inhibitors of the caspase family (z‐VAD.FMK and z‐DEVD.FMK), protect mouse brain from ischaemic cell damage. In this study, we examined whether these drugs which a... | 10.1038/nrn1106 | The first demonstration that anti-apoptosis agents can be combined with anti-excitotoxic therapies enhance benefit in experimental stroke. |
10.1038/jcbfm.1987.127 | 18,801,886 | We have tested whether small intraischemic variations in brain temperature influence the outcome of transient ischemia. To measure brain temperature, a thermocouple probe was placed stereotaxically into the left dorsolateral striatum of rats prior to 20 min of four-vessel occlusion. Rectal temperature was maintained at... | 10.1038/nrn1106 | The first demonstration that very small reductions in brain temperature profoundly protect against ischaemic injury, indicating that tissue survival was independent of lowered metabolic rate. |
10.1073/pnas.95.15.8880 | 38,211,028 | The treatment of ischemic strokes is limited to prophylactic agents that block the coagulation cascade. Here, we show that cholesterol-lowering agents, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitors, protect against cerebral injury by a previously unidentified mechanism involving the selective up-regulation ... | 10.1038/nrn1106 | This study showed that statins protect brain from ischaemic injury by directly upregulating endogenous eNOS levels and improving blood flow. |
10.1126/science.1126548 | 103,697,799 | Glycoprotein B (gB) is the most conserved component of the complex cell-entry machinery of herpes viruses. A crystal structure of the gB ectodomain from herpes simplex virus type 1 reveals a multidomain trimer with unexpected homology to glycoprotein G from vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV G). An α-helical coiled-coil c... | 10.1038/nrmicro2548 | Determines the structure of HSV-1 gB, providing the first direct evidence that herpesvirus gB is a viral fusion protein. |
10.1073/pnas.0810530106 | 79,699,430 | Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a herpesvirus that is associated with development of malignancies of lymphoid tissue. EBV infections are life-long and occur in >90% of the population. Herpesviruses enter host cells in a process that involves fusion of viral and cellular membranes. The fusion apparatus is comprised of en... | 10.1038/nrmicro2548 | Reports the crystal structure of the EBV gB ectodomain, revealing differences in domain orientation, surface charges and structural details between EBV gB and HSV-1 gB. |
10.1002/bip.10273 | 40,875,265 | Abstract Spontaneous cortical activity of single neurons is often either dismissed as noise, or is regarded as carrying no functional significance and hence is ignored. Our findings suggest that such concepts should be revised. We explored the coherent population activity of neuronal assemblies in primary sensory area ... | 10.1038/nrn3293 | This summarizes a lecture given by A. Grinvald entitled Seeing the Brain in Action . It describes how voltage-imaging data at the population level reflect single-cell activity, and the similarities between internal circuit dynamics and evoked responses. |
10.1126/science.1093173 | 123,109,792 | How can neural activity propagate through cortical networks built with weak, stochastic synapses? We find precise repetitions of spontaneous patterns of synaptic inputs in neocortical neurons in vivo and in vitro. These patterns repeat after minutes, maintaining millisecond accuracy. Calcium imaging of slices reveals r... | 10.1038/nrn3293 | A classic paper providing experimental evidence for precise repetitions of activity patterns in neocortical neurons, suggesting a modular temporal circuit dynamics. |
10.1126/science.271.5257.1870 | 101,987,942 | The correlated activity of rat hippocampal pyramidal cells during sleep reflects the activity of those cells during earlier spatial exploration. Now the patterns of activity during sleep have also been found to reflect the order in which the cells fired during spatial exploration. This relation was reliably stronger fo... | 10.1038/nrn3293 | A classic paper describing sequential patterns of hippocampal activity during sleep that reflect the order in which the cells fired during previous spatial exploration, thereby implying reactivation of perceptional experience in memory consolidation. |
10.1146/annurev-neuro-061010-113817 | 41,538,035 | Genetically encoded, single-component optogenetic tools have made a significant impact on neuroscience, enabling specific modulation of selected cells within complex neural tissues. As the optogenetic toolbox contents grow and diversify, the opportunities for neuroscience continue to grow. In this review, we outline th... | 10.1038/nrn3293 | A comprehensive introduction to the field of optogenetic actuators based on microbial opsins. |
10.1073/pnas.1221113110 | 80,140,726 | Significance Our ability to manipulate objects relies fundamentally on sensory signals originating from the hand. To restore motor function with upper-limb neuroprostheses requires that somatosensory feedback be provided to the tetraplegic patient or amputee. Accordingly, we have developed approaches to convey sensory ... | 10.1038/nrn3724 | This study describes approaches to convey information about contact location, force and timing through a biomimetic strategy of ICMS applied to the somatosensory cortex. |
10.1073/pnas.0808113105 | 16,774,264 | Efforts to study the neural correlates of learning are hampered by the size of the network in which learning occurs. To understand the importance of learning-related changes in a network of neurons, it is necessary to understand how the network acts as a whole to generate behavior. Here we introduce a paradigm in which... | 10.1038/nrn3724 | This study emulates the classic 'visual rotation' studies by systematically (rather than randomly) remapping the decoder output. It reveals a combination of global and local adaptive changes in neural tuning. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.