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10.1126/science.1161427 | 103,997,094 | By monitoring fluorescently labeled lactose permease with single-molecule sensitivity, we investigated the molecular mechanism of how an Escherichia coli cell with the lac operon switches from one phenotype to another. At intermediate inducer concentrations, a population of genetically identical cells exhibits two phen... | 10.1038/nature10315 | This article investigates the triggering mechanism of the lac operon bistable switch and shows that the dissociation of a single lac repressor is responsible for the phenotype switch to the induced state. |
10.1126/science.1140818 | 38,873,814 | Random cell-to-cell variations in gene expression within an isogenic population can lead to transitions between alternative states of gene expression. Little is known about how these variations (noise) in natural systems affect such transitions. In Bacillus subtilis , noise in ComK, the protein that regulates competenc... | 10.1038/nature10315 | This article used single-molecule FISH to show that the noise in the expression of a transcription factor determines whether a Bacillus subtilis cell becomes competent. |
10.1126/science.1188035 | 83,499,722 | Manufacturing Nanomaterials The exploration of many materials at the nanoscale has revealed properties that only emerge when working at these small dimensions. For device manufacture, materials need to be deposited or assembled in specific patterns. Schliehe et al. (p. 550 ; see the cover) show the oriented attachment ... | 10.1038/ncomms8873 | This paper first reports the synthesis of non-layer structured ultrathin PbS nanosheets by two-dimensional oriented attachment from PbS tiny nanoparticles |
10.1002/anie.201407836 | 19,948,652 | Abstract A conceptually new all‐solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitor based on atomically thin sheets is presented which offers the opportunity to optimize supercapacitor properties on an atomic level. As a prototype, β‐Co(OH) 2 single layers with five‐atoms layer thickness were synthesized through an oriented‐attachme... | 10.1038/ncomms8873 | This paper reports the fabrication of high-performance all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor devices based on single-layer β -Co(OH) 2 nanosheets |
10.1073/pnas.1014428108 | 104,398,642 | Nonhierarchical competition between species has been proposed as a potential mechanism for biodiversity maintenance, but theoretical and empirical research has thus far concentrated on systems composed of relatively few species. Here we develop a theory of biodiversity based on a network representation of competition f... | 10.1038/nature22898 | This paper uses mathematical theory to show how intransitive competitive loops emerge and stabilize coexistence in diverse competitive networks. |
10.1126/science.1147455 | 125,201,545 | The forces that maintain genetic diversity among individuals and diversity among species are usually studied separately. Nevertheless, diversity at one of these levels may depend on the diversity at the other. We have combined observations of natural populations, quantitative genetics, and field experiments to show tha... | 10.1038/nature22898 | This paper shows how genetic diversity in a species of mustard helps to stabilize between-species coexistence through an intransitive competitive relationship. |
10.1038/ncomms12285 | 62,065,213 | Abstract Classical theory shows that large communities are destabilized by random interactions among species pairs, creating an upper bound on ecosystem diversity. However, species interactions often occur in high-order combinations, whereby the interaction between two species is modulated by one or more other species.... | 10.1038/nature22898 | This paper uses mathematical models to show that higher-order interactions can cause communities with greater diversity to be more stable than their species-poor counterparts, contrary to classic theory that is based on pairwise interactions. |
10.1890/14-1741.1 | 19,531,528 | Niche differences and average fitness differences jointly determine coexistence. However, little empirical information about the magnitude of these two mechanisms is available. Using multispecies population models fit to long‐term demographic data for common, co‐occurring species in five grassland and shrubland plant c... | 10.1038/nature22898 | This paper describes state-of-the-art approaches for combining observational data with mathematical models to project the importance of particular coexistence mechanisms in nature. |
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01849.x | 20,408,232 | Abstract Feeding a rapidly expanding human population will require a large increase in the supply of agricultural products during the coming decades. This may lead to the transformation of many landscapes from natural vegetation cover to agricultural land use, unless increases in crop yields reduce the need for new far... | 10.1038/nclimate2097 | Shows that the relationship between crop intensification and land sparing is weak. |
10.1126/science.1171700 | 41,757,895 | The Close and Personal Biome Fortunately, our skin is readily accessible for ecological studies of the microbial communities that influence health and disease states. Grice et al. (p. 1190 ) present a metagenomic survey of body sites from 10 healthy human individuals sampled over time. Although, altogether 18 phyla wer... | 10.1038/nature25177 | Using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, this study provided a metagenomic analysis of the human skin microbiome and described previously unappreciated bacterial diversity at different skin sites. |
10.1126/scitranslmed.aal4651 | 103,727,935 | Genomic and functional analyses of staphylococcal strain specificity reveal roles for microbes in human atopic dermatitis pathogenesis. | 10.1038/nature25177 | This study highlights the utility of shotgun metagenomic sequencing over 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing to assess how strain differences within the same Staphylococcus epidermidis species can contribute to disease. |
10.1101/gr.131029.111 | 20,585,381 | Atopic dermatitis (AD) has long been associated with Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization or infection and is typically managed with regimens that include antimicrobial therapies. However, the role of microbial communities in the pathogenesis of AD is incompletely characterized. To assess the relationship between sk... | 10.1038/nature25177 | This study was one of the first to use metagenomic sequencing to characterize dysbiosis in inflammatory skin diseases, showing that atopic dermatitis flares are associated not only with blooms of Staphylococcus aureus but also with significant decreases in overall skin microbial diversity. |
10.1126/science.1225152 | 41,754,539 | Skin Specifics Much of the recent attention paid to the trillions of bacteria that colonize our bodies has been given to the bacteria that reside in the gut. Naik et al. (p. 1115 , published online 26 July) report that colonization of the skin with commensal bacteria is important for tuning effector T cell responses in... | 10.1038/nature25177 | This study demonstrated that skin-resident commensal bacteria are critical for establishing skin immune homeostasis and that this process occurs through an intact, uninflamed skin barrier. |
10.1126/science.aac4255 | 20,795,570 | Gut microbes affect immunotherapy The unleashing of antitumor T cell responses has ushered in a new era of cancer treatment. Although these therapies can cause dramatic tumor regressions in some patients, many patients inexplicably see no benefit. Mice have been used in two studies to investigate what might be happenin... | 10.1038/nature25177 | This study and the next one demonstrated that the gut microbial composition can alter immunotherapies at distant sites, suggesting that microbe–immune interactions at barrier sites can have far-reaching effects at other barrier sites or systemically. |
10.4049/jimmunol.1102639 | 102,893,480 | Abstract B cells infiltrate the skin in many chronic inflammatory diseases caused by autoimmunity or infection. Despite potential contribution to disease, skin-associated B cells remain poorly characterized. Using an ovine model of granulomatous skin inflammation, we demonstrate that B cells increase in the skin and sk... | 10.1038/nature25177 | This study was one of the first to demonstrate that B cells actively traffic in and out of the skin, even in uninflamed skin, suggesting that B cells play an active and previously underappreciated role in skin homeostasis. |
10.1126/scitranslmed.3003276 | 123,272,822 | Implanted in humans, a wirelessly controlled, microchip-based drug delivery device demonstrates pharmacokinetic profiles of an anti-osteoporosis drug that are similar to subcutaneous injections. | 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.20 | Programmable drug release from a microchip, triggered by electric pulses. |
10.1126/science.1192002 | 62,245,632 | A Lot of HOTAIR The roles of several classes of small (<50 nucleotides) noncoding RNAs are beginning to be defined in molecular detail, whereas the function of most of the long (∼200+ nucleotides), intergenic noncoding (linc)RNAs found in most eukaryotic genomes remains something of a mystery. The HOTAIR lincRNA, wh... | 10.1038/nature09784 | This paper shows a widespread role for HOTAIR ncRNA in the regulation of PRC2 gene targeting, and suggests that HOTAIR bridges PRC2 and LSD1. |
10.1111/j.1474-9726.2009.00459.x | 83,248,336 | Summary Dietary restriction (DR) has the remarkable ability to extend lifespan and healthspan. A variety of DR regimens have been described in species ranging from yeast to mammals. However, whether different DR regimens extend lifespan via universal, distinct, or overlapping pathways is still an open question. Here we... | 10.1038/nature08980 | This paper shows that different pathways extend lifespan in response to different methods of dietary restriction. |
10.1126/science.1115596 | 41,089,679 | The microRNA lin-4 and its target, the putative transcription factor lin-14 , control the timing of larval development in Caenorhabditis elegans . Here, we report that lin-4 and lin-14 also regulate life span in the adult. Reducing the activity of lin-4 shortened life span and accelerated tissue aging, whereas overexpr... | 10.1038/nature08980 | This is the first demonstration that microRNAs affect ageing; interestingly, this microRNA also regulates the timing of developmental events. |
10.1083/jcb.200809198 | 123,599,844 | To maintain protein homeostasis in secretory compartments, eukaryotic cells harbor a quality control system that monitors protein folding and protein complex assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Proteins that do not fold properly or integrate into cognate complexes are degraded by ER-associated degradation (ERAD... | 10.1038/nature07962 | This study identified Htm1 as a factor involved in the generation of mannose 7 oligosaccharides on ERAD substrates. |
10.1126/science.282.5388.434 | 84,384,695 | The partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO 2 ) in surface waters and related atmospheric exchanges were measured in nine European estuaries. Averaged fluxes over the entire estuaries are usually in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 mole of CO 2 per square meter per day. For wide estuaries, net daily fluxes to the atmosphere amo... | 10.1038/nature12857 | The first regional synthesis of CO 2 emission fluxes from estuaries, demonstrating their importance to regional carbon budgets. |
10.1029/92rg02584 | 41,671,259 | Net organic metabolism (that is, the difference between primary production and respiration of organic matter) in the coastal ocean may be a significant term in the oceanic carbon budget. Historical change in the rate of this net metabolism determines the importance of the coastal ocean relative to anthropogenic perturb... | 10.1038/nature12857 | One of the first papers to show that coastal oceans are net heterotrophic due to respiration enhanced by exported terrestrial oceanic carbon. |
10.1126/science.1185198 | 122,984,672 | Climate change, rising atmospheric carbon dioxide, excess nutrient inputs, and pollution in its many forms are fundamentally altering the chemistry of the ocean, often on a global scale and, in some cases, at rates greatly exceeding those in the historical and recent geological record. Major observed trends include a s... | 10.1038/nature12857 | A paper describing the close coupling between land and ocean systems and the importance of anthropogenic impacts on coastal and open ocean systems. |
10.5194/bg-2-1-2005 | 20,477,686 | Abstract. The carbon burial in vegetated sediments, ignored in past assessments of carbon burial in the ocean, was evaluated using a bottom-up approach derived from upscaling a compilation of published individual estimates of carbon burial in vegetated habitats (seagrass meadows, salt marshes and mangrove forests) to t... | 10.1038/nature12857 | This paper describes a multifaceted approach to quantifying the carbon fixed by estuarine macrophytes and its relevance to organic carbon sequestration in coastal sediments and heterotrophy in adjacent coastal systems. |
10.1162/neco.1994.6.2.215 | 41,743,198 | TD-Gammon is a neural network that is able to teach itself to play backgammon solely by playing against itself and learning from the results, based on the TD(λ) reinforcement learning algorithm (Sutton 1988). Despite starting from random initial weights (and hence random initial strategy), TD-Gammon achieves a surprisi... | 10.1038/nature14540 | This article describes the first reinforcement-learning system to solve a truly non-trivial task. |
10.1126/science.1223821 | 103,829,216 | Reestablishing homeostasis after tissue damage depends on the proper organization of stem cells and their progeny, though the repair mechanisms are unclear. The mammalian intestinal epithelium is well suited to approach this problem, as it is composed of well-delineated units called crypts of Lieberkühn. We found that ... | 10.1038/nature17039 | This paper is an important account of the key parts played by Wnt and TGFβ in control of intestinal regeneration. |
10.1126/science.1115257 | 62,043,146 | The malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum , exploits multiple ligand-receptor interactions, called invasion pathways, to invade the host erythrocyte. Strains of P. falciparum vary in their dependency on sialated red cell receptors for invasion. We show that switching from sialic acid–dependent to –independent invasio... | 10.1038/nature07361 | This paper demonstrates how malaria parasites can switch transcription between different members of multigene families potentially under selection pressure, contributing to their ability to evade host immune response. |
10.1073/pnas.1633254100 | 109,188,385 | The recent explosion in genomic sequencing has made available a wealth of data that can now be analyzed to identify protein antigens, potential targets for vaccine development. Here we present, in the context of Plasmodium falciparum , a strategy that rapidly identifies target antigens from large and complex genomes. S... | 10.1038/nature07361 | This study shows that vaccine candidates potentially superior to historical vaccine candidates may be discovered by mining proteomic and transcriptional data. |
10.1126/science.1129720 | 103,775,134 | The merozoite stage of the malaria parasite that infects erythrocytes and causes the symptoms of the disease is initially formed inside host hepatocytes. However, the mechanism by which hepatic merozoites reach blood vessels (sinusoids) in the liver and escape the host immune system before invading erythrocytes remains... | 10.1038/nature07361 | This work describes how hepatocyte-derived merosomes signal to the host to both ensure migration of the parasite into the bloodstream and to protect themselves from host immunity. |
10.1073/pnas.0711220105 | 45,391,094 | Explanation of a process of development must ultimately be couched in the terms of the genomic regulatory code. Specification of an embryonic cell lineage is driven by a network of interactions among genes encoding transcription factors. Here, we present the gene regulatory network (GRN) that directs the specification ... | 10.1038/nature09645 | This paper provides proof of principle that if a developmental GRN is essentially complete, then it provides causal explanations for the biological functions of the process it controls. |
10.1016/j.febslet.2009.11.060 | 103,167,987 | The gene regulatory network (GRN) established experimentally for the pre‐gastrular sea urchin embryo provides causal explanations of the biological functions required for spatial specification of embryonic regulatory states. Here we focus on the structure of the GRN which controls the progressive increase in complexity... | 10.1038/nature09645 | This paper presents the latest comprehensive review of the sea urchin endomesoderm GRN, so far the most extensively validated large scale embryonic GRN, with special emphasis on the topologies of its spatial control sub-circuits. |
10.1073/pnas.0806476105 | 103,803,816 | Gradients of extracellular signaling molecules and transcription factors are used in a variety of developmental processes, including the patterning of the Drosophila embryo, the establishment of diverse neuronal cell types in the vertebrate neural tube, and the anterior–posterior patterning of vertebrate limbs. Here, w... | 10.1038/nature09645 | This review summarizes work regulatory control of Dorsal target genes expressed spatially along the dorsal/ventral axis of the syncytial Drosophila embryo. |
10.1073/pnas.0807878105 | 101,009,504 | The Bicoid (Bcd) transcription factor is distributed as a long-range concentration gradient along the anterior posterior (AP) axis of the Drosophila embryo. Bcd is required for the activation of a series of target genes, which are expressed at specific positions within the gradient. Here we directly tested whether diff... | 10.1038/nature09645 | This paper provides experimental evidence that the anterior/posterior specification system of the Drosophila embryo is controlled by a network of gene interactions rather than only by quantitative positional values of Bicoid. |
10.1126/science.1158170 | 16,829,122 | Gene regulatory networks direct the progressive determination of cell fate during embryogenesis, but how they control cell behavior during morphogenesis remains largely elusive. Cell sorting, microarrays, and targeted molecular manipulations were used to analyze cardiac cell migration in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis... | 10.1038/nature09645 | This paper presents direct evidence of the regulatory structure of a morphogenetic gene cassette, showing that only certain key genes are controlled by the upstream GRN while a majority are expressed anyway. |
10.1073/pnas.1533293100 | 122,640,163 | A model was built to examine the kinetics of regulatory cascades such as occur in developmental gene networks. The model relates occupancy of cis-regulatory target sites to transcriptional initiation rate, and thence to RNA and protein output. The model was used to simulate regulatory cascades in which genes encoding t... | 10.1038/nature09645 | This paper models sea urchin regulatory cascade kinetics and demonstrates using measured constants that genes are successively activated long before any of the transcriptional functions attain steady state. |
10.1126/science.1113832 | 103,641,256 | Development of the animal body plan is controlled by large gene regulatory networks (GRNs), and hence evolution of body plans must depend upon change in the architecture of developmental GRNs. However, these networks are composed of diverse components that evolve at different rates and in different ways. Because of the... | 10.1038/nature09645 | This paper introduced the theory that highly conserved GRN sub-circuits account for the phylogenetic distribution of major characters of the animal body plan. |
10.1126/science.1224528 | 42,643,269 | Analyses of rare and common variants in the genome reveal another layer of human genetic variation within and among populations. | 10.1038/nchembio.1663 | A discussion on the expansion of human genetic variation under the lack of selective pressure |
10.1002/ana.24001 | 101,650,806 | Few diagnoses in modern medicine evoke more apprehension in patients and their families than Alzheimer disease (AD). Defined as a clinical and pathological entity a century ago, the disorder only came under intense molecular scrutiny in the mid‐1980s. Genetic, histopathological, biochemical, and animal modeling studies... | 10.1038/nchembio.1663 | Review of the current state of clinical trials and therapeutics for AD |
10.1126/science.1245321 | 83,171,627 | From Yeast to Therapeutic? Yeast has shown some promise as a model system to generate lead compounds that could have therapeutic potential for the cellular problems associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Along these lines, Tardiff et al. (p. 979 , published online 24 October) and Chung et al. (p. 983 , published o... | 10.1038/nchembio.1663 | Along with ref. 78, this paper demonstrates the effectiveness of yeast screens to identify pathologies associated with α-synuclein aggregation as well as a compound that rescues human iPS–derived PD neurons |
10.1126/science.1245296 | 18,958,028 | From Yeast to Therapeutic? Yeast has shown some promise as a model system to generate lead compounds that could have therapeutic potential for the cellular problems associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Along these lines, Tardiff et al. (p. 979 , published online 24 October) and Chung et al. (p. 983 , published o... | 10.1038/nchembio.1663 | Along with ref. 76, this paper demonstrates the effectiveness of yeast screens to identify pathologies associated with α-synuclein aggregation as well as a compound that rescues human iPS-derived PD neurons |
10.1126/science.1073834 | 60,109,988 | Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive cancer susceptibility disorder characterized by cellular hypersensitivity to mitomycin C (MMC). Six FA genes have been cloned, but the gene or genes corresponding to FA subtypes B and D1 remain unidentified. Here we show that cell lines derived from FA-B and FA-D1 patie... | 10.1038/nature11863 | This paper identifies the breast cancer predisposition gene BRCA2 as mutated in a very severe form of Fanconi anaemia, firmly establishing Fanconi anaemia as a DNA repair deficiency disease. |
10.1126/science.1182372 | 62,233,598 | Fanconi Cross-Links Fanconi anemia is a rare genetic disease characterized by bone marrow failure, developmental abnormalities, and dramatically increased cancer susceptibility. Cells derived from Fanconi anemia patients are sensitive to agents that cause DNA interstrand cross-links, indicating that under normal circum... | 10.1038/nature11863 | This work uses a cell-free system to demonstrate the requirement for FANCD2 and FANCI in the replication-dependent repair of interstrand crosslinks. |
10.1101/gad.1770009 | 81,706,862 | MicroRNAs and trans -acting siRNAs (ta-siRNAs) have important regulatory roles in development. Unlike other developmentally important regulatory molecules, small RNAs are not known to act as mobile signals during development. Here, we show that low-abundant, conserved ta-siRNAs, termed tasiR-ARFs, move intercellularly ... | 10.1038/nature09351 | This work documents the movement of endogenous ta-siRNAs by observing their accumulation outside the region of their biogenesis and proposes that gradients of small RNAs pattern gene expression through dose-dependent activity. |
10.1126/science.1185880 | 39,810,396 | siRNA Movement in Plant Tissues Long-distance movement of RNA interference (RNAi)–derived signals in plants plays an important role in development and in defense against viral attack. The nature of the signals that spread from cell to cell is not known, although evidence suggests that they are nucleic acids of some sor... | 10.1038/nature09351 | The authors use transgenic chimaeras to show that small RNAs form the mobile silencing signal, and on the basis of bombardment assays they conclude that the signal consists specifically of siRNA duplexes. |
10.1126/science.1187959 | 4,891,222 | siRNA Movement in Plant Tissues Long-distance movement of RNA interference (RNAi)–derived signals in plants plays an important role in development and in defense against viral attack. The nature of the signals that spread from cell to cell is not known, although evidence suggests that they are nucleic acids of some sor... | 10.1038/nature09351 | Through the use of grafting and next-generation sequencing, this paper catalogues the movement of endogenous siRNAs, demonstrating that they can initiate methylation of target loci in recipient graft tissue. |
10.1126/science.1254763 | 83,500,971 | Improved perovskite photovoltaic performance A recent entry in the solar cell race is perovskite cells, named for the structure adopted by salt made from metal halides and organic cations that absorb the light and generate charges. The charges generated have to be transferred to a metal oxide (typically titanium oxide)... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2018.17 | Report on screen-printed PSCs with porous carbon electrodes showing outstanding device stability. |
10.1126/science.aaf8060 | 83,298,062 | Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) currently attract enormous research interest because of their high solar-to-electric power conversion efficiency (PCE) and low fabrication costs, but their practical development is hampered by difficulties in achieving high performance with large-size devices. We devised a sim... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2018.17 | Study in which vacuum is used to assist rapid solvent removal and fabricate large-area PSCs with high PCE. |
10.1126/science.1222879 | 80,252,594 | Wnts are lipid-modified morphogens that play critical roles in development principally through engagement of Frizzled receptors. The 3.25 angstrom structure of Xenopus Wnt8 (XWnt8) in complex with mouse Frizzled-8 (Fz8) cysteine-rich domain (CRD) reveals an unusual two-domain Wnt structure, not obviously related to kno... | 10.1038/nchembio.2005 | Provides the first co-crystal structure of Xenopus Wnt8 in complex with a soluble mFZD8 CRD, demonstrating a lipid-protein interaction. |
10.1073/pnas.1314239110 | 83,440,706 | Significance Targeting the Wnt pathway in cancer is an attractive therapeutic approach. However, success has been limited because of the lack of effective therapeutic agents and the lack of biomarkers to define the patient population that would benefit from such a therapy. Herein, we report the discovery of LGK974, a d... | 10.1038/nchembio.2005 | Describes the identification of a small-molecule inhibitor of porcupine that shows efficacy and is well tolerated in rodent tumor models. |
10.1126/science.1254517 | 20,217,253 | Parasites make it hard to fight viruses Microbial co-infections challenge the immune system—different pathogens often require different flavors of immune responses for their elimination or containment (see the Perspective by Maizels and Gause). Two teams studied what happens when parasitic worms and viruses infect mice... | 10.1038/nature18285 | Emphasizes that phenotypes driven by the metagenome can be polymicrobial and are not exclusively bacterial; here viral and protozoan interactions are important. |
10.1063/1.98799 | 41,730,984 | A novel electroluminescent device is constructed using organic materials as the emitting elements. The diode has a double-layer structure of organic thin films, prepared by vapor deposition. Efficient injection of holes and electrons is provided from an indium-tin-oxide anode and an alloyed Mg:Ag cathode. Electron-hole... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2018.20 | This is a seminal paper describing the first OLEDs with a double-layer thin-film structure operating at a voltage below 10 V. |
10.1002/adma.201300753 | 20,484,922 | Abstract Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have their performance limited by the number of emissive singlet states created upon charge recombination (25%). Recently, a novel strategy has been proposed, based on thermally activated up‐conversion of triplet to singlet states, yielding delayed fluorescence (TADF), whi... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2018.20 | This study provides a systematic discussion of the factors affecting the efficiency of TADF small-molecule OLEDs, in which detailed molecular structure–photophysics relationships are revealed. |
10.1063/1.3558906 | 83,467,917 | A material possessing a very small energy gap between its singlet and triplet excited states, ΔE1−3, which allows efficient up-conversion of triplet excitons into a singlet state and leads to efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), is reported. The compound, 2-biphenyl-4,6-bis(12-phenylindolo[2,3-a] ... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2018.20 | This study was the starting point for purely organic TADF emitters with a very small singlet–triplet gap. |
10.1002/anie.201500203 | 39,287,225 | Abstract Recently, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have received increasing attention as effective emitters for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, most of them are usually employed as dopants in a host material. In this report, carbazole dendrimers with a triphenyl‐s‐triazine core... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2018.20 | In this study, a solution-processed dendrimer TADF emitter is reported with a maximum EQE of 3.4%. |
10.1002/adom.201700435 | 125,091,633 | Abstract Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs) have drawn tremendous interest and have been extensively studied because of harvesting both triplet and singlet excitons without heavy metals. However, single white‐light‐emitting polymers are currently limited and few... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2018.20 | This report provides a novel route of combining TADF and aggregation-induced emission in a polymeric emitter to enhance the efficiency. |
10.1073/pnas.0802430105 | 122,686,997 | In the Earth's history, periods of relatively stable climate have often been interrupted by sharp transitions to a contrasting state. One explanation for such events of abrupt change is that they happened when the earth system reached a critical tipping point. However, this remains hard to prove for events in the remot... | 10.1038/nature08227 | This paper shows that autocorrelation increased before eight well-known climate transitions in the past, and describes the methodology of data processing required to do such an analysis. |
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00877.x | 125,030,345 | Abstract Regime shifts are substantial, long‐lasting reorganizations of complex systems, such as ecosystems. Large ecosystem changes such as eutrophication, shifts among vegetation types, degradation of coral reefs and regional climate change often come as surprises because we lack leading indicators for regime shifts.... | 10.1038/nature08227 | This paper shows that variance increases in the vicinity of a bifurcation in a lake model. |
10.1126/science.1101867 | 17,695,255 | Unexpected sudden catastrophic shifts may occur in ecosystems, with concomitant losses or gains of ecological and economic resources. Such shifts have been theoretically attributed to positive feedback and bistability of ecosystem states. However, verifications and predictive power with respect to catastrophic response... | 10.1038/nature08227 | This paper discusses how self-organized vegetation patterns may indicate the vicinity of a catastrophic bifurcation in which all vegetation is lost. |
10.1073/pnas.1003366107 | 38,332,322 | Spider dragline silk is a remarkably strong fiber that makes it attractive for numerous applications. Much has thus been done to make similar fibers by biomimic spinning of recombinant dragline silk proteins. However, success is limited in part due to the inability to successfully express native-sized recombinant silk ... | 10.1038/nchembio.1789 | This is the first report on recombinant production of native-sized spidroin |
10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.647 | 6,675,998 | Climate engineering, a set of techniques proposed to intervene directly in the climate system to reduce risks from climate change, presents many novel governance challenges. Solar radiation management (SRM), particularly the use of stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), is one of the most discussed proposals. It has be... | 10.1038/nclimate1807 | Key first review of geoengineering proposals, their possible risks and uncertainties. |
10.1068/a41349 | 40,318,781 | In this paper I engage with debates on technoscientific governance, narrative, and emergent public attitudes. Building on a piece of social research addressing public responses to the social and ethical dimensions of emerging nanotechnologies, I develop a methodology and mode of analysis designed to take into account f... | 10.1038/nclimate1807 | Reviews the broad lessons learned from social scientists' study of public dialogue around earlier emerging technologies, many of which are likely to apply to SRM proposals. |
10.1073/pnas.0703594104 | 61,043,950 | Better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms behind metabolic diseases requires methods to monitor lipid stores on single-cell level in vivo . We have used Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism to demonstrate the limitations of fluorescence microscopy for imaging of lipids compared with coherent anti-Stokes ... | 10.1038/nchembio.525 | This paper contains first examples of live whole organism imaging using CARS microscopy by examining processes involved in lipid storage in Caenorhabditis elegans |
10.1161/circresaha.109.208678 | 124,631,414 | Rationale : Lipids are a key component of atherogenesis. However, their physiological role on the progression of atherosclerosis including plaque vulnerability has not been clearly understood, because of the lack of appropriate tools for chemical assessment. Objective : We aimed to develop a label-free chemical imaging... | 10.1038/nchembio.525 | This paper uses multiplex CARS microspectroscopy to identify and characterize the chemical profiles of four types of atherosclerotic lipids. |
10.1002/jnr.21403 | 124,313,335 | Abstract Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy, which allows vibrational imaging of myelin sheath in its natural state, was applied to characterize lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso‐PtdCho)‐induced myelin degradation in tissues and in vivo. After the injection of lyso‐PtdCho into ex vivo spinal tissues or... | 10.1038/nchembio.525 | This study showed that demyelination of neurons can be detected using CARS microscopy. |
10.1073/pnas.0508282102 | 83,033,439 | Imaging living organisms with molecular selectivity typically requires the introduction of specific labels. Many applications in biology and medicine, however, would significantly benefit from a noninvasive imaging technique that circumvents such exogenous probes. In vivo microscopy based on vibrational spectroscopic c... | 10.1038/nchembio.525 | In this report, live tissue is imaged at video rate to visualize rapid processes such as the penetration of oils into skin. |
10.1073/pnas.98.4.1577 | 103,494,054 | Intracellular water concentrations in single living cells were visualized by nonlinear coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. In combination with isotopic exchange measurements, CARS microscopy allowed the real-time observation of transient intracellular hydrodynamics at a high spatial resolution. Stu... | 10.1038/nchembio.525 | This paper is one of the first to demonstrate imaging of water and the effects that aquaporins have on water movement into cells by CARS. |
10.1126/science.276.5321.2048 | 41,092,642 | The effects of the active ingredient of Cannabis , Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC), and of the highly addictive drug heroin on in vivo dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens were compared in Sprague-Dawley rats by brain microdialysis. Δ 9 -THC and heroin increased extracellular dopamine concentrations sele... | 10.1038/nature20153 | THC increased extracellular dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens shell. |
10.1073/pnas.95.17.10269 | 79,469,219 | The mesolimbic dopamine system has recently been implicated in the long-term aversive consequences of withdrawal from major drugs of abuse. In the present study we sought to determine whether mesolimbic dopamine neurons are involved in the neurobiologic mechanisms underlying withdrawal from chronic cannabinoid exposure... | 10.1038/nature20153 | Chronic THC exposure is associated with reduced dopamine neuron activity in the meso-accumbens. |
10.1111/j.1360-0443.2003.00573.x | 80,884,609 | ABSTRACT Aims To examine the relationship between cannabis use in adolescence/young adulthood and levels of educational attainment. Design Data were gathered over the course of a 25‐year longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 1265 New Zealand children. Measurements Measures analysed included (a) frequency of cannabis ... | 10.1038/nature20153 | Longitudinal birth cohort study indicating that cannabis use in adolescents and early adults is associated with reduced educational achievement. |
10.1111/eva.12408 | 125,129,891 | Abstract As climate change challenges organismal fitness by creating a phenotype–environment mismatch, phenotypic plasticity generated by epigenetic mechanisms (e.g., DNA methylation) can provide a temporal buffer for genetic adaptation. Epigenetic mechanisms may be crucial for sessile benthic marine organisms, such as... | 10.1038/nclimate3374 | The only study to date that links environmental variation to epigenetic changes in corals. |
10.1126/science.1251336 | 103,810,745 | Reef corals are highly sensitive to heat, yet populations resistant to climate change have recently been identified. To determine the mechanisms of temperature tolerance, we reciprocally transplanted corals between reef sites experiencing distinct temperature regimes and tested subsequent physiological and gene express... | 10.1038/nclimate3374 | Demonstrates the link between environmental change and gene expression levels, as well as rapid acclimatization in corals. |
10.1111/gcb.13702 | 59,883,660 | Abstract Climate warming is occurring at a rate not experienced by life on Earth for 10 s of millions of years, and it is unknown whether the coral‐dinoflagellate ( Symbiodinium spp.) symbiosis can evolve fast enough to ensure coral reef persistence. Coral thermal tolerance is partly dependent on the Symbiodinium hoste... | 10.1038/nclimate3374 | Experimental demonstration of rapid genetic adaptation of Symbiodinium to increased water temperatures. |
10.1111/gcb.13250 | 29,222,901 | Abstract Understanding the potential for coral adaptation to warming seas is complicated by interactions between symbiotic partners that define stress responses and the difficulties of tracking selection in natural populations. To overcome these challenges, we characterized the contribution of both animal host and symb... | 10.1038/nclimate3374 | Demonstration of the role of Symbiodinium community composition on corals' thermal tolerance. |
10.1126/science.1185782 | 62,670,139 | Global sea levels have risen through the 20th century. These rises will almost certainly accelerate through the 21st century and beyond because of global warming, but their magnitude remains uncertain. Key uncertainties include the possible role of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets and the amplitude of region... | 10.1038/nature12855 | This article outlines future challenges for world regions most vulnerable to future sea-level rise and subsidence. |
10.1146/annurev.earth.35.031306.140139 | 29,093,789 | The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) recently estimated that global sea level will rise from 0.18 to 0.59 m by the end of this century. Rising sea level not only inundates low-lying coastal regions but also contributes to the redistribution of sediment along sandy coasts. Over the long term, sea-level r... | 10.1038/nature12855 | This paper reviews a century of research on shoreline change in response to changes in sea level. |
10.1038/ncomms8872 | 103,707,308 | Abstract Alloy-type anodes such as silicon and tin are gaining popularity in rechargeable Li-ion batteries, but their rate/cycling capabilities should be improved. Here by making yolk-shell nanocomposite of aluminium core (30 nm in diameter) and TiO 2 shell (∼3 nm in thickness), with a tunable interspace, we achieve 10... | 10.1038/nenergy.2016.71 | This paper demonstrates that a yolk–shell nanostructured aluminium anode, comprising an aluminium core and a TiO2 shell with tunable interspace, exhibits long cycle life (500 cycles) and reversible capacity of ∼ 1,200 mAh g −1 at 1 C. |
10.1038/ncomms9058 | 62,321,413 | Abstract Lithium metal is one of the most attractive anode materials for electrochemical energy storage. However, the growth of Li dendrites during electrochemical deposition, which leads to a low Coulombic efficiency and safety concerns, has long hindered the application of rechargeable Li-metal batteries. Here we sho... | 10.1038/nenergy.2016.71 | This paper reports that a 3D Cu current collector with a submicron skeleton and high electroactive surface area can significantly improve the electrochemical deposition behaviour of Li, including suppression of the growth of Li dendrites, low voltage hysteresis and long lifespan. |
10.1126/science.1240573 | 62,296,598 | Topologically nontrivial spin textures have recently been investigated for spintronic applications. Here, we report on an ultrathin magnetic film in which individual skyrmions can be written and deleted in a controlled fashion with local spin-polarized currents from a scanning tunneling microscope. An external magnetic... | 10.1038/nature19820 | This paper reports the first observation of isolated, 8-nm skyrmions in an ultrathin magnetic film, and demonstrates the creation and deletion of skyrmions. |
10.1126/science.1146689 | 38,269,239 | The analytical power of environmental DNA sequences for modeling microbial ecosystems depends on accurate assessments of population structure, including diversity (richness) and relative abundance (evenness). We investigated both aspects of population structure for microbial communities at two neighboring hydrothermal ... | 10.1038/nature08058 | This is the second of two papers describing detailed analysis of microbial community structure in marine samples studied by a high-throughput sequencing technique. |
10.1073/pnas.0602399103 | 20,709,055 | Factors influencing patterns in the distribution and abundance of plant and animal taxa modulate ecosystem function and ecosystem response to environmental change, which is often taken to infer low functional redundancy among such species, but such relationships are poorly known for microbial communities. Using high-re... | 10.1038/nature08058 | This paper shows the predictability of marine microbial communities studied over a period of years, implying many features similar to familiar animal and plant systems. |
10.1126/science.1117679 | 103,823,362 | Recurrent chromosomal rearrangements have not been well characterized in common carcinomas. We used a bioinformatics approach to discover candidate oncogenic chromosomal aberrations on the basis of outlier gene expression. Two ETS transcription factors, ERG and ETV1 , were identified as outliers in prostate cancer. We ... | 10.1038/nature07943 | This is an important paper that, in addition to identifying a major somatic genetic contributor to prostate cancer, proved that highly prevalent gene fusions can drive common adult solid tumours. |
10.1126/science.1133427 | 62,580,409 | The elucidation of the human genome sequence has made it possible to identify genetic alterations in cancers in unprecedented detail. To begin a systematic analysis of such alterations, we determined the sequence of well-annotated human protein-coding genes in two common tumor types. Analysis of 13,023 genes in 11 brea... | 10.1038/nature07943 | This is an important paper in a series of systematic large-scale screens of coding exons for point mutations in human cancer. |
10.1073/pnas.0903103106 | 20,848,288 | We have developed an online catalog of SNP-trait associations from published genome-wide association studies for use in investigating genomic characteristics of trait/disease-associated SNPs (TASs). Reported TASs were common [median risk allele frequency 36%, interquartile range (IQR) 21%−53%] and were associated with ... | 10.1038/nbt.2422 | The NHGRI GWAS Catalog reported here laid the groundwork for systematic intersection of functional annotations with disease-associated regions, and highlighted the preponderance of noncoding disease associations. |
10.1126/science.1184655 | 109,047,031 | Like Father, Like Mother, Like Child Transcriptional regulation is mediated by chromatin structure, which may affect the binding of transcription factors, but the extent of how individual-to-individual genetic variation affects such regulation is not well understood. Kasowski et al. (p. 232 , published online 18 March)... | 10.1038/nbt.2422 | In this study, the authors demonstrated that both genomic protein binding and DNase I hypersensitivity were heritable, and therefore under genetic control. |
10.1073/pnas.0805706105 | 41,290,464 | Colon carcinoma is one of the leading causes of death from cancer and is characterized by a heterogenic pool of cells with distinct differentiation patterns. Recently, it was reported that a population of undifferentiated cells from a primary tumor, so-called cancer stem cells (CSC), can reconstitute the original tumor... | 10.1038/nature10212 | This was the first study to show that primary colon CSCs can differentiate into multiple lineages depending on the extracellular signal input. |
10.1126/science.1155106 | 45,485,705 | Glycans are attractive targets for molecular imaging but have been inaccessible because of their incompatibility with genetically encoded reporters. We demonstrated the noninvasive imaging of glycans in live developing zebrafish, using a chemical reporter strategy. Zebrafish embryos were treated with an unnatural sugar... | 10.1038/nchembio.2024 | This work represents an appealing example on how bioorthogonal chemistry can outcompete conventional approaches in studying certain biological questions. |
10.1073/pnas.2335201100 | 62,202,359 | Mucin-type O-linked glycoproteins are involved in a variety of biological interactions in higher eukaryotes. The biosynthesis of these glycoproteins is initiated by a family of polypeptide N -acetyl-α-galactosaminyltransferases (ppGalNAcTs) that modify proteins in the secretory pathway. The lack of a defined consensus ... | 10.1038/nchembio.2024 | This paper applied the Staudinger ligation reaction on living cells and was the first to use the term 'bioorthogonal chemistry'. |
10.1002/anie.201500301 | 79,734,927 | Abstract The activation of CD8 + T‐cells requires the uptake of exogenous polypeptide antigens and proteolytic processing of these antigens to octamer or nonamer peptides, which are loaded on MHC‐I complexes and presented to the T‐cell. By using an azide as a bioorthogonal protecting group rather than as a ligation han... | 10.1038/nchembio.2024 | This study utilized a bioorthogonal cleavage reactions to manipulate T cell activation. |
10.1002/anie.201506739 | 82,335,086 | Abstract Engineered cytochrome P450 monooxygenase variants are reported as highly active and selective catalysts for the bioorthogonal uncaging of propargylic and benzylic ether protected substrates, including uncaging in living E. coli . observed selectivity is supported by induced‐fit docking and molecular dynamics s... | 10.1038/nchembio.2024 | This work developed a potentially powerful bioorthogonal enzymatic cleavage reaction through directed evolution. |
10.1002/anie.201508861 | 19,947,063 | Abstract The development of bioorthogonal reactions has classically focused on bond‐forming ligation reactions. In this report, we seek to expand the functional repertoire of such transformations by introducing a new bond‐cleaving reaction between N ‐oxide and boron reagents. The reaction features a large dynamic range... | 10.1038/nchembio.2024 | This study, published while our manuscript is under review, reported another new type of bioorthogonal bond-cleavage reaction between N-oxide and boron reagents. |
10.1098/rsta.2011.0553 | 41,457,234 | Modelling is fundamental to many fields of science and engineering. A model can be thought of as a representation of possible data one could predict from a system. The probabilistic approach to modelling uses probability theory to express all aspects of uncertainty in the model. The probabilistic approach is synonymous... | 10.1038/nature14541 | A review of Bayesian non-parametric modelling written for a general scientific audience. |
10.1098/rsta.2012.0222 | 41,048,387 | Several decades of research in the field of machine learning have resulted in a multitude of different algorithms for solving a broad range of problems. To tackle a new application, a researcher typically tries to map their problem onto one of these existing methods, often influenced by their familiarity with specific ... | 10.1038/nature14541 | This article is a very clear tutorial exposition of probabilistic modelling. |
10.1145/1897816.1897842 | 57,434,049 | Probabilistic models of sequences play a central role in most machine translation, automated speech recognition, lossless compression, spell-checking, and gene identification applications to name but a few. Unfortunately, real-world sequence data often exhibit long range dependencies which can only be captured by compu... | 10.1038/nature14541 | This article derives a state-of-the-art data compression scheme based on Bayesian nonparametric models. |
10.1609/aaai.v28i1.8904 | 142,831,874 | This paper presents the beginnings of an automatic statistician, focusing on regression problems. Our system explores an open-ended space of statistical models to discover a good explanation of a data set, and then produces a detailed report with figures and natural-language text. Our approach treats unknown regression... | 10.1038/nature14541 | Introduces the Automatic Statistician, translating learned probabilistic models into reports about data. |
10.1126/science.1224763 | 61,520,576 | The nucleation process is crucial to many phase transitions, but its kinetics are difficult to predict and measure. We superheated and melted the interior of thermal-sensitive colloidal crystals and investigated by means of video microscopy the homogeneous melting at single-particle resolution. The observed nucleation ... | 10.1038/natrevmats.2015.11 | Homogeneous melting in 3D bulk at the single-particle level observed for the first time using colloids. |
10.1126/science.1139089 | 20,428,333 | The heart responds to diverse forms of stress by hypertrophic growth accompanied by fibrosis and eventual diminution of contractility, which results from down-regulation of α–myosin heavy chain (αMHC) and up-regulation of βMHC, the primary contractile proteins of the heart. We found that a cardiac-specific microRNA (mi... | 10.1038/nature06798 | This paper shows that a miRNA encoded in an intron of the α-myosin heavy chain gene is responsible for regulating cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and β-myosin heavy chain production in response to stress-induced signalling. |
10.1161/01.cir.92.7.1954 | 20,744,681 | Background In this study we tested the hypothesis that atrial fibrillation (AF) causes electrophysiological changes of the atrial myocardium which might explain the progressive nature of the arrhythmia. Methods and Results Twelve goats were chronically instrumented with multiple electrodes sutured to the epicardium of ... | 10.1038/nature06799 | This paper was the first to describe the finding that rapid atrial pacing remodels the atrium and thereby predisposes individuals to atrial fibrillation. |
10.1161/01.cir.84.4.1831 | 82,660,266 | The Queen's Gambit is an opening move in chess that provides a variety of aggressive options to the player electing it. This report represents a similar gambit (the Sicilian Gambit) on the part of a group of basic and clinical investigators who met in Taormina, Sicily to consider the classification of antiarrhythmic dr... | 10.1038/nature06799 | The Sicilian Gambit group popularized the idea that antiarrhythmic therapies would be most effective if targeted against specific underlying mechanisms. |
10.1161/circulationaha.105.606145 | 67,445,846 | Background— Primary ventricular fibrillation (VF) accounts for the majority of deaths during the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Identification of patients at risk for primary VF remains very poor. Methods and Results— We performed a case-control study in patients with a first ST-elevation myocardial infarction (... | 10.1038/nature06799 | Refs 37–40 identify a family history of SCD as a potent risk factor for SCD. |
10.1523/jneurosci.2609-12.2012 | 41,064,146 | Face-selective neural responses in the human fusiform gyrus have been widely examined. However, their causal role in human face perception is largely unknown. Here, we used a multimodal approach of electrocorticography (ECoG), high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and electrical brain stimulatio... | 10.1038/nature15692 | This study uses the combination of fMRI and intracranial electrical stimulation to demonstrate the causal role of fusiform regions in face perception |
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