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1511.05581
Antoine Klein
Antoine Klein, Enrico Barausse, Alberto Sesana, Antoine Petiteau, Emanuele Berti, Stanislav Babak, Jonathan Gair, Sofiane Aoudia, Ian Hinder, Frank Ohme, Barry Wardell
Science with the space-based interferometer eLISA. I: Supermassive black hole binaries
28 pages, 13 figures, 7 tables
Phys. Rev. D 93, 024003 (2016)
10.1103/PhysRevD.93.024003
null
gr-qc astro-ph.HE
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We compare the science capabilities of different eLISA mission designs, including four-link (two-arm) and six-link (three-arm) configurations with different arm lengths, low-frequency noise sensitivities and mission durations. For each of these configurations we consider a few representative massive black hole formation scenarios. These scenarios are chosen to explore two physical mechanisms that greatly affect eLISA rates, namely (i) black hole seeding, and (ii) the delays between the merger of two galaxies and the merger of the black holes hosted by those galaxies. We assess the eLISA parameter estimation accuracy using a Fisher matrix analysis with spin-precessing, inspiral-only waveforms. We quantify the information present in the merger and ringdown by rescaling the inspiral-only Fisher matrix estimates using the signal-to-noise ratio from non-precessing inspiral-merger-ringdown phenomenological waveforms, and from a reduced set of precessing numerical relativity/post-Newtonian hybrid waveforms. We find that all of the eLISA configurations considered in our study should detect some massive black hole binaries. However, configurations with six links and better low-frequency noise will provide much more information on the origin of black holes at high redshifts and on their accretion history, and they may allow the identification of electromagnetic counterparts to massive black hole mergers.
[ { "created": "Tue, 17 Nov 2015 21:04:55 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 12 Jan 2016 17:42:07 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2016-01-13
[ [ "Klein", "Antoine", "" ], [ "Barausse", "Enrico", "" ], [ "Sesana", "Alberto", "" ], [ "Petiteau", "Antoine", "" ], [ "Berti", "Emanuele", "" ], [ "Babak", "Stanislav", "" ], [ "Gair", "Jonathan", "" ], [ "Aoudia", "Sofiane", "" ], [ "Hinder", "Ian", "" ], [ "Ohme", "Frank", "" ], [ "Wardell", "Barry", "" ] ]
We compare the science capabilities of different eLISA mission designs, including four-link (two-arm) and six-link (three-arm) configurations with different arm lengths, low-frequency noise sensitivities and mission durations. For each of these configurations we consider a few representative massive black hole formation scenarios. These scenarios are chosen to explore two physical mechanisms that greatly affect eLISA rates, namely (i) black hole seeding, and (ii) the delays between the merger of two galaxies and the merger of the black holes hosted by those galaxies. We assess the eLISA parameter estimation accuracy using a Fisher matrix analysis with spin-precessing, inspiral-only waveforms. We quantify the information present in the merger and ringdown by rescaling the inspiral-only Fisher matrix estimates using the signal-to-noise ratio from non-precessing inspiral-merger-ringdown phenomenological waveforms, and from a reduced set of precessing numerical relativity/post-Newtonian hybrid waveforms. We find that all of the eLISA configurations considered in our study should detect some massive black hole binaries. However, configurations with six links and better low-frequency noise will provide much more information on the origin of black holes at high redshifts and on their accretion history, and they may allow the identification of electromagnetic counterparts to massive black hole mergers.
gr-qc/9510040
Serge Droz
P. R. Brady, S. Droz, W. Israel and S. M. Morsink
Covariant double-null dynamics: $(2+2)$-splitting of the Einstein equations
22 pages, latex, one figure in a separate file
Class.Quant.Grav. 13 (1996) 2211-2230
10.1088/0264-9381/13/8/015
EFI-94-36
gr-qc hep-th
null
The paper develops a $(2+2)$-imbedding formalism adapted to a double foliation of spacetime by a net of two intersecting families of lightlike hypersurfaces. The formalism is two-dimensionally covariant, and leads to simple, geometrically transparent and tractable expressions for the Einstein field equations and the Einstein-Hilbert action, and it should find a variety of applications. It is applied here to elucidate the structure of the characteristic initial-value problem of general relativity.
[ { "created": "Thu, 19 Oct 1995 21:41:54 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-10-28
[ [ "Brady", "P. R.", "" ], [ "Droz", "S.", "" ], [ "Israel", "W.", "" ], [ "Morsink", "S. M.", "" ] ]
The paper develops a $(2+2)$-imbedding formalism adapted to a double foliation of spacetime by a net of two intersecting families of lightlike hypersurfaces. The formalism is two-dimensionally covariant, and leads to simple, geometrically transparent and tractable expressions for the Einstein field equations and the Einstein-Hilbert action, and it should find a variety of applications. It is applied here to elucidate the structure of the characteristic initial-value problem of general relativity.
gr-qc/0502047
B. V. Ivanov
Boyko V. Ivanov
On the gravitational field induced by static electromagnetic sources
18 pages, Revtex4
null
null
null
gr-qc
null
It is argued that static electromagnetic sources induce Weyl-Majumdar-Papapetrou solutions for the spacetime metric. The acceleration in such fields has a term many orders of magnitude stronger than usual perturbative terms. Two electrostatic and two magnetostatic examples are given.
[ { "created": "Thu, 10 Feb 2005 19:18:49 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Ivanov", "Boyko V.", "" ] ]
It is argued that static electromagnetic sources induce Weyl-Majumdar-Papapetrou solutions for the spacetime metric. The acceleration in such fields has a term many orders of magnitude stronger than usual perturbative terms. Two electrostatic and two magnetostatic examples are given.
2407.03669
Shubham Narawade Mr.
Muhammad Azzam Alwan, Tomohiro Inagaki, B. Mishra, S.A. Narawade
Neutron Star in Covariant $f(Q)$ gravity
27 pages, 24 figures
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Assuming static and spherically symmetric stars with perfect fluid matter, we used realistic equations of state to study neutron stars in covariant $f(Q)$ gravity. The structure profiles and properties of neutron stars such as mass, radius and compactness are obtained through numerical methods using quadratic, exponential, and logarithmic $f(Q)$ models. The results indicate that nonmetricity affects the interior profile deviations of the star, which in turn influence the properties of stars, as illustrated in the mass-radius relation diagram. This effect allows the star to accommodate either more or less matter compared to GR, resulting in a different total mass. For the quadratic model, we cannot generate larger masses, whereas the other two models can give consistent results for both smaller and larger masses of the observed stars. By tuning model parameters, we obtain $\mathcal{M}-\mathcal{R}$ diagrams that are compatible with observational constraints from NICER and LIGO.
[ { "created": "Thu, 4 Jul 2024 06:33:44 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2024-07-08
[ [ "Alwan", "Muhammad Azzam", "" ], [ "Inagaki", "Tomohiro", "" ], [ "Mishra", "B.", "" ], [ "Narawade", "S. A.", "" ] ]
Assuming static and spherically symmetric stars with perfect fluid matter, we used realistic equations of state to study neutron stars in covariant $f(Q)$ gravity. The structure profiles and properties of neutron stars such as mass, radius and compactness are obtained through numerical methods using quadratic, exponential, and logarithmic $f(Q)$ models. The results indicate that nonmetricity affects the interior profile deviations of the star, which in turn influence the properties of stars, as illustrated in the mass-radius relation diagram. This effect allows the star to accommodate either more or less matter compared to GR, resulting in a different total mass. For the quadratic model, we cannot generate larger masses, whereas the other two models can give consistent results for both smaller and larger masses of the observed stars. By tuning model parameters, we obtain $\mathcal{M}-\mathcal{R}$ diagrams that are compatible with observational constraints from NICER and LIGO.
gr-qc/0309016
Juan A. Valiente-Kroon
Juan A. Valiente Kroon
Does asymptotic simplicity allow for radiation near spatial infinity?
22 pages, 4 figures. Typos and grammatical mistakes corrected. Version to appear in Comm. Math. Phys
Commun.Math.Phys. 251 (2004) 211-234
10.1007/s00220-004-1174-8
null
gr-qc
null
A representation of spatial infinity based in the properties of conformal geodesics is used to obtain asymptotic expansions of the gravitational field near the region where null infinity touches spatial infinity. These expansions show that generic time symmetric initial data with an analytic conformal metric at spatial infinity will give rise to developments with a certain type of logarithmic singularities at the points where null infinity and spatial infinity meet. These logarithmic singularities produce a non-smooth null infinity. The sources of the logarithmic singularities are traced back down to the initial data. It is shown that is the parts of the initial data responsible for the non-regular behaviour of the solutions are not present, then the initial data is static to a certain order. On the basis of these results it is conjectured that the only time symmetric data sets with developments having a smooth null infinity are those which are static in a neighbourhood of infinity. This conjecture generalises a previous conjecture regarding time symmetric, conformally flat data. The relation of these conjectures to Penrose's proposal for the description of the asymptotic gravitational field of isolated bodies is discussed.
[ { "created": "Wed, 3 Sep 2003 07:26:46 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 19 Mar 2004 14:42:30 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2015-06-25
[ [ "Kroon", "Juan A. Valiente", "" ] ]
A representation of spatial infinity based in the properties of conformal geodesics is used to obtain asymptotic expansions of the gravitational field near the region where null infinity touches spatial infinity. These expansions show that generic time symmetric initial data with an analytic conformal metric at spatial infinity will give rise to developments with a certain type of logarithmic singularities at the points where null infinity and spatial infinity meet. These logarithmic singularities produce a non-smooth null infinity. The sources of the logarithmic singularities are traced back down to the initial data. It is shown that is the parts of the initial data responsible for the non-regular behaviour of the solutions are not present, then the initial data is static to a certain order. On the basis of these results it is conjectured that the only time symmetric data sets with developments having a smooth null infinity are those which are static in a neighbourhood of infinity. This conjecture generalises a previous conjecture regarding time symmetric, conformally flat data. The relation of these conjectures to Penrose's proposal for the description of the asymptotic gravitational field of isolated bodies is discussed.
2111.12109
Jo\~ao Lu\'is Rosa
Jo\~ao Lu\'is Rosa, Jos\'e P. S. Lemos
Junction conditions for generalized hybrid metric-Palatini gravity with applications
26 pages, 3 figures
Phys. Rev. D 104, 124076 (2021)
10.1103/PhysRevD.104.124076
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The generalized hybrid metric-Palatini gravity is a theory of gravitation that has an action composed of a Lagrangian $f(R,\cal R)$, where $f$ is a function of the metric Ricci scalar $R$ and a new Ricci scalar $\cal R$ formed from a Palatini connection, plus a matter Lagrangian. This theory can be rewritten by trading the new geometric degrees of freedom of $f(R,\cal R)$ into two scalar fields, $\varphi$ and $\psi$, yielding an equivalent scalar-tensor theory. Given a spacetime theory, the next step is to find solutions. To construct solutions it is often necessary to know the junction conditions between two regions at a separation hypersurface $\Sigma$, with each region being an independent solution. The junction conditions for the generalized hybrid metric-Palatini gravity are found here, in the geometric and in the scalar-tensor representations, and in addition, for each representation, the junction conditions for a matching with a thin-shell and for a smooth matching at $\Sigma$ are worked out. These junction conditions are applied to three configurations, a star, a quasistar with a black hole, and a wormhole. The star has a Minkowski interior, a thin shell at the interface with all the energy conditions being satisfied, and a Schwarzschild exterior with mass $M$, and for this theory the matching can only be performed at the shell radius given by $r_\Sigma=\frac{9M}4$, the Buchdahl radius in general relativity. The quasistar with a black hole has an interior Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by a thick shell that matches smoothly to a mass $M$ Schwarzschild exterior at the light ring, and with the energy conditions being satisfied everywhere. The wormhole has an interior that contains the throat, a thin shell at the interface, and a Schwarzschild-AdS exterior with mass $M$ and negative cosmological constant $\Lambda$, with the null energy condition being obeyed.
[ { "created": "Tue, 23 Nov 2021 19:02:15 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2022-01-07
[ [ "Rosa", "João Luís", "" ], [ "Lemos", "José P. S.", "" ] ]
The generalized hybrid metric-Palatini gravity is a theory of gravitation that has an action composed of a Lagrangian $f(R,\cal R)$, where $f$ is a function of the metric Ricci scalar $R$ and a new Ricci scalar $\cal R$ formed from a Palatini connection, plus a matter Lagrangian. This theory can be rewritten by trading the new geometric degrees of freedom of $f(R,\cal R)$ into two scalar fields, $\varphi$ and $\psi$, yielding an equivalent scalar-tensor theory. Given a spacetime theory, the next step is to find solutions. To construct solutions it is often necessary to know the junction conditions between two regions at a separation hypersurface $\Sigma$, with each region being an independent solution. The junction conditions for the generalized hybrid metric-Palatini gravity are found here, in the geometric and in the scalar-tensor representations, and in addition, for each representation, the junction conditions for a matching with a thin-shell and for a smooth matching at $\Sigma$ are worked out. These junction conditions are applied to three configurations, a star, a quasistar with a black hole, and a wormhole. The star has a Minkowski interior, a thin shell at the interface with all the energy conditions being satisfied, and a Schwarzschild exterior with mass $M$, and for this theory the matching can only be performed at the shell radius given by $r_\Sigma=\frac{9M}4$, the Buchdahl radius in general relativity. The quasistar with a black hole has an interior Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by a thick shell that matches smoothly to a mass $M$ Schwarzschild exterior at the light ring, and with the energy conditions being satisfied everywhere. The wormhole has an interior that contains the throat, a thin shell at the interface, and a Schwarzschild-AdS exterior with mass $M$ and negative cosmological constant $\Lambda$, with the null energy condition being obeyed.
2405.07113
Kun Meng
Kun Meng, Hongsheng Zhang, Xi-Long Fan, Yuan Yong
Distinguish the EMRI and B-EMRI system by gravitational waves
16 pages, 10 figures
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Binary stars are as frequency as single stars in the Universe, and at least 70\% of the massive stars located in our Galaxy belong to a binary system. For the first time we produce the gravitational waveforms for the extreme mass ratio inspiral systems (EMRIs) of binary stars moving around central supermassive black hole (SBH). We calculate the orbits of such systems via the Hamilton-Jacobi approach. To improve accuracy we adopt the quadrupole-octupole expression of gravitational wave (GW) and consider the contribution of radiation reaction. Compared to the waveforms of single star, double or multiple spikes emerge in the waveforms of binary stars. We calculate the mismatch of the EMRI waveforms of binary stars and those of single stars, and find the mismatch increases as the binary internal semi-latus rectum $\tilde{p}$ decreases. According to the distinguishable criterion of two signals, it's inferred that the two types of waveforms are distinguishable for small enough $\tilde{p}$. Further, we demonstrate that the most favourable position to distinguish the waveforms of EMRIs of single star from the waveforms of EMRIs of binary stars is that revolutions of the binary stars and the central SBH takes the same direction, i.e., the rotation axis of the binary is parallel to that of the central SBH.
[ { "created": "Sun, 12 May 2024 00:03:59 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2024-05-14
[ [ "Meng", "Kun", "" ], [ "Zhang", "Hongsheng", "" ], [ "Fan", "Xi-Long", "" ], [ "Yong", "Yuan", "" ] ]
Binary stars are as frequency as single stars in the Universe, and at least 70\% of the massive stars located in our Galaxy belong to a binary system. For the first time we produce the gravitational waveforms for the extreme mass ratio inspiral systems (EMRIs) of binary stars moving around central supermassive black hole (SBH). We calculate the orbits of such systems via the Hamilton-Jacobi approach. To improve accuracy we adopt the quadrupole-octupole expression of gravitational wave (GW) and consider the contribution of radiation reaction. Compared to the waveforms of single star, double or multiple spikes emerge in the waveforms of binary stars. We calculate the mismatch of the EMRI waveforms of binary stars and those of single stars, and find the mismatch increases as the binary internal semi-latus rectum $\tilde{p}$ decreases. According to the distinguishable criterion of two signals, it's inferred that the two types of waveforms are distinguishable for small enough $\tilde{p}$. Further, we demonstrate that the most favourable position to distinguish the waveforms of EMRIs of single star from the waveforms of EMRIs of binary stars is that revolutions of the binary stars and the central SBH takes the same direction, i.e., the rotation axis of the binary is parallel to that of the central SBH.
2308.10381
Jose Socorro Garcia
J. Socorro, J. Juan Rosales and L. Toledo Sesma
Anisotropic fractional cosmology: K-essence theory
26 pages, 8 figures, version to be published in fractal fractionary journal
null
null
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
In the particular configuration of the scalar field K-essence in the Wheeler-DeWitt quantum equation, for some age in the Bianchi type I anisotropic cosmological model, a fractional differential equation for the scalar field arises naturally. The order of the fractional differential equation is $\beta=\frac{2\alpha}{2\alpha - 1}$. This fractional equation belongs to different intervals, depending on the value of the barotropic parameter; when $\omega_{X} \in [0,1]$, the order belongs to the interval $1\leq \beta \leq 2$, and when $\omega_{X}\in[-1,0)$, the order belongs to the interval $0< \beta \leq 1$. In the quantum scheme, we introduce the factor ordering problem in the variables $(\Omega,\phi)$ and its corresponding momenta $(\Pi_\Omega, \Pi_\phi)$, obtaining a linear fractional differential equation with variable coefficients in the scalar field equation, then the solution is found using a fractional power series expansion. The corresponding quantum solutions are also given. We found the classical solution in the usual gauge N obtained in the Hamiltonian formalism and without a gauge. In the last case, the general solution is presented in a transformed time $T(\tau)$, however in the dust era we found a closed solution in the gauge time $\tau$. Keywords: Fractional derivative, Fractional Quantum Cosmology; K-essence formalism; Classical and Quantum exact solutions.
[ { "created": "Sun, 20 Aug 2023 22:51:32 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 8 Nov 2023 18:48:21 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2023-11-09
[ [ "Socorro", "J.", "" ], [ "Rosales", "J. Juan", "" ], [ "Sesma", "L. Toledo", "" ] ]
In the particular configuration of the scalar field K-essence in the Wheeler-DeWitt quantum equation, for some age in the Bianchi type I anisotropic cosmological model, a fractional differential equation for the scalar field arises naturally. The order of the fractional differential equation is $\beta=\frac{2\alpha}{2\alpha - 1}$. This fractional equation belongs to different intervals, depending on the value of the barotropic parameter; when $\omega_{X} \in [0,1]$, the order belongs to the interval $1\leq \beta \leq 2$, and when $\omega_{X}\in[-1,0)$, the order belongs to the interval $0< \beta \leq 1$. In the quantum scheme, we introduce the factor ordering problem in the variables $(\Omega,\phi)$ and its corresponding momenta $(\Pi_\Omega, \Pi_\phi)$, obtaining a linear fractional differential equation with variable coefficients in the scalar field equation, then the solution is found using a fractional power series expansion. The corresponding quantum solutions are also given. We found the classical solution in the usual gauge N obtained in the Hamiltonian formalism and without a gauge. In the last case, the general solution is presented in a transformed time $T(\tau)$, however in the dust era we found a closed solution in the gauge time $\tau$. Keywords: Fractional derivative, Fractional Quantum Cosmology; K-essence formalism; Classical and Quantum exact solutions.
gr-qc/9805070
Miguel Navarro
M. Navarro
2D dilaton gravity made compact
Latex file, no macros, 8 pages
null
null
null
gr-qc
null
We show that the equations of motion of two-dimensional dilaton gravity conformally coupled to a scalar field can be reduced to a single non-linear second-order partial differential equation when the coordinates are chosen to coincide with the two scalar fields, the matter field $f$ and the dilaton $\phi$, which are present in the theory. This result may help solve and understand two- and higher-dimensional classical and quantum gravity.
[ { "created": "Mon, 18 May 1998 20:28:39 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Navarro", "M.", "" ] ]
We show that the equations of motion of two-dimensional dilaton gravity conformally coupled to a scalar field can be reduced to a single non-linear second-order partial differential equation when the coordinates are chosen to coincide with the two scalar fields, the matter field $f$ and the dilaton $\phi$, which are present in the theory. This result may help solve and understand two- and higher-dimensional classical and quantum gravity.
2007.13761
Adri\'an del R\'io Vega
Ivan Agullo, Vitor Cardoso, Adrian del Rio, Michele Maggiore, Jorge Pullin
Potential gravitational-wave signatures of quantum gravity
some comments and clarifications added; published version
Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 041302 (2021)
10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.041302
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We show that gravitational-wave astronomy has the potential to inform us on quantum aspects of black holes. Based on Bekenstein's quantization, we find that black hole area discretization could impart observable imprints to the gravitational-wave signal from a pair of merging black holes, affecting their absorption properties during inspiral and their late-time relaxation after merger. In contrast with previous results, we find that black hole rotation, ubiquitous in astrophysics, improves our ability to probe quantum effects. Our analysis shows that gravitational-wave echoes and suppressed tidal heating are signs of new physics from which the fundamental quantum of black hole area can be measured, and which are within reach of future detectors. Our results also highlight the need to derive predictions from specific quantum gravity proposals.
[ { "created": "Mon, 27 Jul 2020 18:00:02 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 8 Feb 2021 17:17:18 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2021-02-09
[ [ "Agullo", "Ivan", "" ], [ "Cardoso", "Vitor", "" ], [ "del Rio", "Adrian", "" ], [ "Maggiore", "Michele", "" ], [ "Pullin", "Jorge", "" ] ]
We show that gravitational-wave astronomy has the potential to inform us on quantum aspects of black holes. Based on Bekenstein's quantization, we find that black hole area discretization could impart observable imprints to the gravitational-wave signal from a pair of merging black holes, affecting their absorption properties during inspiral and their late-time relaxation after merger. In contrast with previous results, we find that black hole rotation, ubiquitous in astrophysics, improves our ability to probe quantum effects. Our analysis shows that gravitational-wave echoes and suppressed tidal heating are signs of new physics from which the fundamental quantum of black hole area can be measured, and which are within reach of future detectors. Our results also highlight the need to derive predictions from specific quantum gravity proposals.
1408.4952
Andrea Geralico
Donato Bini and Andrea Geralico
Spin-geodesic deviations in the Kerr spacetime
19 pages, 6 figures; published version
Phys. Rev. D 84, 104012 (2011)
10.1103/PhysRevD.84.104012
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The dynamics of extended spinning bodies in the Kerr spacetime is investigated in the pole-dipole particle approximation and under the assumption that the spin-curvature force only slightly deviates the particle from a geodesic path. The spin parameter is thus assumed to be very small and the back reaction on the spacetime geometry neglected. This approach naturally leads to solve the Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon equations linearized in the spin variables as well as in the deviation vector, with the same initial conditions as for geodesic motion. General deviations from generic geodesic motion are studied, generalizing previous results limited to the very special case of an equatorial circular geodesic as the reference path.
[ { "created": "Thu, 21 Aug 2014 10:59:38 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-06-22
[ [ "Bini", "Donato", "" ], [ "Geralico", "Andrea", "" ] ]
The dynamics of extended spinning bodies in the Kerr spacetime is investigated in the pole-dipole particle approximation and under the assumption that the spin-curvature force only slightly deviates the particle from a geodesic path. The spin parameter is thus assumed to be very small and the back reaction on the spacetime geometry neglected. This approach naturally leads to solve the Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon equations linearized in the spin variables as well as in the deviation vector, with the same initial conditions as for geodesic motion. General deviations from generic geodesic motion are studied, generalizing previous results limited to the very special case of an equatorial circular geodesic as the reference path.
gr-qc/9408009
Neil Cornish
Neil Cornish
Analysis of the Non-singular Wyman-Schwarzschild Metric
14 pages, RevTeX, 6 Figures available on request, UTPT-94-16
Mod.Phys.Lett. A9 (1994) 3629-3640
10.1142/S0217732394003476
null
gr-qc
null
The analog of the Schwarzschild metric is explored in the context of Non-Singular Gravity. Analytic results are developed describing redshifts, curvatures and topological features of the spacetime. All curvatures and redshifts are finite so there are no Black Holes, no singularities and no Hawking radiation.
[ { "created": "Fri, 5 Aug 1994 01:39:20 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-06-25
[ [ "Cornish", "Neil", "" ] ]
The analog of the Schwarzschild metric is explored in the context of Non-Singular Gravity. Analytic results are developed describing redshifts, curvatures and topological features of the spacetime. All curvatures and redshifts are finite so there are no Black Holes, no singularities and no Hawking radiation.
0911.1595
Jeandrew Brink
Jeandrew Brink
Spacetime Encodings IV - The Relationship between Weyl Curvature and Killing Tensors in Stationary Axisymmetric Vacuum Spacetimes
15 pages
Phys.Rev.D81:022002,2010
10.1103/PhysRevD.81.022002
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The problem of obtaining an explicit representation for the fourth invariant of geodesic motion (generalized Carter constant) of an arbitrary stationary axisymmetric vacuum spacetime generated from an Ernst Potential is considered. The coupling between the non-local curvature content of the spacetime as encoded in the Weyl tensor, and the existence of a Killing tensor is explored and a constructive, algebraic test for a fourth order Killing tensor suggested. The approach used exploits the variables defined for the B\"{a}ckland transformations to clarify the relationship between Weyl curvature, constants of geodesic motion, expressed as Killing tensors, and the solution generation techniques. A new symmetric non-covariant formulation of the Killing equations is given. This formulation transforms the problem of looking for fourth-order Killing tensors in 4D into one of looking for four interlocking two-manifolds admitting fourth-order Killing tensors in 2D.
[ { "created": "Mon, 9 Nov 2009 06:43:59 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2010-04-06
[ [ "Brink", "Jeandrew", "" ] ]
The problem of obtaining an explicit representation for the fourth invariant of geodesic motion (generalized Carter constant) of an arbitrary stationary axisymmetric vacuum spacetime generated from an Ernst Potential is considered. The coupling between the non-local curvature content of the spacetime as encoded in the Weyl tensor, and the existence of a Killing tensor is explored and a constructive, algebraic test for a fourth order Killing tensor suggested. The approach used exploits the variables defined for the B\"{a}ckland transformations to clarify the relationship between Weyl curvature, constants of geodesic motion, expressed as Killing tensors, and the solution generation techniques. A new symmetric non-covariant formulation of the Killing equations is given. This formulation transforms the problem of looking for fourth-order Killing tensors in 4D into one of looking for four interlocking two-manifolds admitting fourth-order Killing tensors in 2D.
1704.07368
Guilherme Franzmann
Guilherme Franzmann
Varying fundamental constants: a full covariant approach and cosmological applications
10 pages
null
null
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We build a minimal extension of General Relativity in which Newton's gravitational coupling, $G$, the speed of light, $c$, and the cosmological constant, $\Lambda$, are spacetime variables. This is done while satisfying the contracted Bianchi identity as well as the local conservation of energy momentum tensor. A dynamical constraint is derived, which shows that variations of $G$ and $c$ are coupled to the local matter-energy physical content, while variation of $\Lambda$ is coupled to the local geometry. This constraint presents a natural cosmological screening mechanism that brings new perspective concerning the current observations of a cosmological constant, $\Lambda_0$ in cosmological observations. We also explore early universe background cosmology and show that the proposal provides alternatives to obtain an accelerated expansion, similar to those coming from Varying Speed of Light theories.
[ { "created": "Sun, 23 Apr 2017 21:55:13 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2017-04-27
[ [ "Franzmann", "Guilherme", "" ] ]
We build a minimal extension of General Relativity in which Newton's gravitational coupling, $G$, the speed of light, $c$, and the cosmological constant, $\Lambda$, are spacetime variables. This is done while satisfying the contracted Bianchi identity as well as the local conservation of energy momentum tensor. A dynamical constraint is derived, which shows that variations of $G$ and $c$ are coupled to the local matter-energy physical content, while variation of $\Lambda$ is coupled to the local geometry. This constraint presents a natural cosmological screening mechanism that brings new perspective concerning the current observations of a cosmological constant, $\Lambda_0$ in cosmological observations. We also explore early universe background cosmology and show that the proposal provides alternatives to obtain an accelerated expansion, similar to those coming from Varying Speed of Light theories.
1605.05816
Toshiaki Ono
Toshiaki Ono, Tomohito Suzuki, Hideki Asada
Nonradial stability of marginal stable circular orbits in stationary axisymmetric spacetimes
6 pages, 3 figures, appendix added, accepted by PRD
Phys. Rev. D 94, 064042 (2016)
10.1103/PhysRevD.94.064042
null
gr-qc astro-ph.HE
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study linear nonradial perturbations and stability of a marginal stable circular orbit (MSCO) such as the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) of a test particle in stationary axisymmetric spacetimes which possess a reflection symmetry with respect to the equatorial plane. The proposed approach is applied to Kerr solution and Majumdar-Papapetrou solution to Einstein equation. Finally, we reexamine MSCOs for a modified metric of a rapidly spinning black hole that has been recently proposed by Johannsen and Psaltis [PRD, 83, 124015 (2011)]. We show that, for the Johannsen and Psaltis's model, circular orbits that are stable against radial perturbations for some parameter region become unstable against vertical perturbations. This suggests that the last circular orbit for this model may be larger than the ISCO.
[ { "created": "Thu, 19 May 2016 05:45:31 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 6 Sep 2016 02:13:28 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2016-09-21
[ [ "Ono", "Toshiaki", "" ], [ "Suzuki", "Tomohito", "" ], [ "Asada", "Hideki", "" ] ]
We study linear nonradial perturbations and stability of a marginal stable circular orbit (MSCO) such as the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) of a test particle in stationary axisymmetric spacetimes which possess a reflection symmetry with respect to the equatorial plane. The proposed approach is applied to Kerr solution and Majumdar-Papapetrou solution to Einstein equation. Finally, we reexamine MSCOs for a modified metric of a rapidly spinning black hole that has been recently proposed by Johannsen and Psaltis [PRD, 83, 124015 (2011)]. We show that, for the Johannsen and Psaltis's model, circular orbits that are stable against radial perturbations for some parameter region become unstable against vertical perturbations. This suggests that the last circular orbit for this model may be larger than the ISCO.
1512.04240
Kazuhiro Yamamoto
Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Valerio Marra, Viatcheslav Mukhanov, Misao Sasaki
Perturbed Newtonian description of the Lema\^itre model with non-negligible pressure
23 pages, 7 figures. Version accepted for publication in JCAP
JCAP03(2016)030
10.1088/1475-7516/2016/03/030
HUPD-1510, YITP-15-113
gr-qc astro-ph.CO
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study the validity of the Newtonian description of cosmological perturbations using the Lemaitre model, an exact spherically symmetric solution of Einstein's equation. This problem has been investigated in the past for the case of a dust fluid. Here, we extend the previous analysis to the more general case of a fluid with non-negligible pressure, and, for the numerical examples, we consider the case of radiation (P=\rho/3). We find that, even when the density contrast has a nonlinear amplitude, the Newtonian description of the cosmological perturbations using the gravitational potential \psi and the curvature potential \phi is valid as long as we consider sub-horizon inhomogeneities. However, the relation \psi+\phi={\cal O}(\phi^2), which holds for the case of a dust fluid, is not valid for a relativistic fluid and effective anisotropic stress is generated. This demonstrates the usefulness of the Lemaitre model which allows us to study in an exact nonlinear fashion the onset of anisotropic stress in fluids with non-negligible pressure. We show that this happens when the characteristic scale of the inhomogeneity is smaller than the sound horizon and that the deviation is caused by the nonlinear effect of the fluid's fast motion. We also find that \psi+\phi= \max[{\cal O}(\phi^2),{\cal O}(c_s^2\phi \, \delta)] for an inhomogeneity with density contrast \delta whose characteristic scale is smaller than the sound horizon, unless w is close to -1, where w and c_s are the equation of state parameter and the sound speed of the fluid, respectively. On the other hand, we expect \psi+\phi={\cal O}(\phi^2) to hold for an inhomogeneity whose characteristic scale is larger than the sound horizon, unless the amplitude of the inhomogeneity is large and w is close to -1.
[ { "created": "Mon, 14 Dec 2015 10:03:14 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 19 Feb 2016 13:02:37 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2016-03-18
[ [ "Yamamoto", "Kazuhiro", "" ], [ "Marra", "Valerio", "" ], [ "Mukhanov", "Viatcheslav", "" ], [ "Sasaki", "Misao", "" ] ]
We study the validity of the Newtonian description of cosmological perturbations using the Lemaitre model, an exact spherically symmetric solution of Einstein's equation. This problem has been investigated in the past for the case of a dust fluid. Here, we extend the previous analysis to the more general case of a fluid with non-negligible pressure, and, for the numerical examples, we consider the case of radiation (P=\rho/3). We find that, even when the density contrast has a nonlinear amplitude, the Newtonian description of the cosmological perturbations using the gravitational potential \psi and the curvature potential \phi is valid as long as we consider sub-horizon inhomogeneities. However, the relation \psi+\phi={\cal O}(\phi^2), which holds for the case of a dust fluid, is not valid for a relativistic fluid and effective anisotropic stress is generated. This demonstrates the usefulness of the Lemaitre model which allows us to study in an exact nonlinear fashion the onset of anisotropic stress in fluids with non-negligible pressure. We show that this happens when the characteristic scale of the inhomogeneity is smaller than the sound horizon and that the deviation is caused by the nonlinear effect of the fluid's fast motion. We also find that \psi+\phi= \max[{\cal O}(\phi^2),{\cal O}(c_s^2\phi \, \delta)] for an inhomogeneity with density contrast \delta whose characteristic scale is smaller than the sound horizon, unless w is close to -1, where w and c_s are the equation of state parameter and the sound speed of the fluid, respectively. On the other hand, we expect \psi+\phi={\cal O}(\phi^2) to hold for an inhomogeneity whose characteristic scale is larger than the sound horizon, unless the amplitude of the inhomogeneity is large and w is close to -1.
1809.08265
Joao Paulo Manoel Pitelli
S. Carlip, Ricardo A. Mosna, J. P. M. Pitelli
Quantum Fields, Geometric Fluctuations, and the Structure of Spacetime
5 pages, 5 figures. v3: major revision. The fluctuations of the stress-energy tensor are now allowed to act independently on different spacetime patches. The text has been updated accordingly. v4: typos corrected, final published version
Phys. Rev. D 102, 126018 (2020)
10.1103/PhysRevD.102.126018
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Quantum fluctuations of the vacuum stress-energy tensor are highly non-Gaussian, and can have unexpectedly large effects on spacetime geometry. In this paper, we study a two-dimensional dilaton gravity model coupled to a conformal field, in which the distribution of vacuum fluctuations is well understood. In this model, the fluctuations of the matter field are responsible for the fluctuations of the geometry itself. By analyzing the geodesic deviation in this model, we show that a pencil of massive particles propagating on this fuzzy spacetime eventually converges and collapses. This is consistent with our earlier analysis of null geodesics in [Phys. Rev. Lett.\ 107, 021303 (2011)].
[ { "created": "Fri, 21 Sep 2018 18:38:49 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sat, 13 Oct 2018 19:39:04 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Tue, 6 Oct 2020 11:16:09 GMT", "version": "v3" }, { "created": "Thu, 17 Dec 2020 13:22:44 GMT", "version": "v4" } ]
2020-12-18
[ [ "Carlip", "S.", "" ], [ "Mosna", "Ricardo A.", "" ], [ "Pitelli", "J. P. M.", "" ] ]
Quantum fluctuations of the vacuum stress-energy tensor are highly non-Gaussian, and can have unexpectedly large effects on spacetime geometry. In this paper, we study a two-dimensional dilaton gravity model coupled to a conformal field, in which the distribution of vacuum fluctuations is well understood. In this model, the fluctuations of the matter field are responsible for the fluctuations of the geometry itself. By analyzing the geodesic deviation in this model, we show that a pencil of massive particles propagating on this fuzzy spacetime eventually converges and collapses. This is consistent with our earlier analysis of null geodesics in [Phys. Rev. Lett.\ 107, 021303 (2011)].
gr-qc/0106001
Alexander Feinstein
Alexander Feinstein
Some aspects of pre big bang cosmology
15 pages, a course given at the Fourth Mexican School on Gravitation and Mathematical Physics in Huatulco, Mexico
Rev.Mex.Fis.49S1:30-37,2003
null
null
gr-qc hep-th
null
This is a summary of a course given at the Fourth Mexican School on Gravitation and Mathematical Physics on some aspects of PBB cosmology. After introductory remarks the lectures concentrate on some amusing consequences derived from the symmetries of the string theory with respect to such classical concepts as isotropy and homogeneity. The extra dimensions and the symmetries of the M theory are further applied to show that the classical singularities might be just physically irrelevant. In the final lecture a model universe is "produced" from "almost nothing" and it is argued that initial plane waves are thermodynamically natural state for the universe to emerge from.
[ { "created": "Fri, 1 Jun 2001 10:37:32 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2014-11-17
[ [ "Feinstein", "Alexander", "" ] ]
This is a summary of a course given at the Fourth Mexican School on Gravitation and Mathematical Physics on some aspects of PBB cosmology. After introductory remarks the lectures concentrate on some amusing consequences derived from the symmetries of the string theory with respect to such classical concepts as isotropy and homogeneity. The extra dimensions and the symmetries of the M theory are further applied to show that the classical singularities might be just physically irrelevant. In the final lecture a model universe is "produced" from "almost nothing" and it is argued that initial plane waves are thermodynamically natural state for the universe to emerge from.
gr-qc/9804002
Leonard Parker
Leonard Parker
Testable Consequences of Curved-Spacetime Renormalization
RevTeX, 7 pages, new title, major revisions, submitted to PRL
null
null
WISC-MILW-98-TH-14
gr-qc astro-ph hep-th
null
I consider certain renormalization effects in curved spacetime quantum field theory. In the very early universe these effects resemble those of a cosmological constant, while in the present universe they give rise to a significant finite renormalization of the gravitational constant. The relevant renormalization term and its relation to elementary particle masses was first found by Parker and Toms in 1985, as a consequence of the ``new partially summed form'' of the propagator in curved spacetime. The significance of the term is based on the contribution of massive particles to the vacuum. In the present universe, this renormalization term appears to account for a large part or even all of the Newtonian gravitational constant. This conjecture is testable because it relates the value of Newton's constant to the elementary particle masses.
[ { "created": "Wed, 1 Apr 1998 19:43:17 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 8 Apr 1998 19:17:39 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Parker", "Leonard", "" ] ]
I consider certain renormalization effects in curved spacetime quantum field theory. In the very early universe these effects resemble those of a cosmological constant, while in the present universe they give rise to a significant finite renormalization of the gravitational constant. The relevant renormalization term and its relation to elementary particle masses was first found by Parker and Toms in 1985, as a consequence of the ``new partially summed form'' of the propagator in curved spacetime. The significance of the term is based on the contribution of massive particles to the vacuum. In the present universe, this renormalization term appears to account for a large part or even all of the Newtonian gravitational constant. This conjecture is testable because it relates the value of Newton's constant to the elementary particle masses.
2212.01512
Puxun Wu
Jincheng Wang, Hongwei Yu and Puxun Wu
Cosmological Complexity from initial thermal state
20 pages, 5 figures
null
null
null
gr-qc quant-ph
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The cosmological scalar perturbations should satisfy the thermal distribution at the beginning of inflation since the cosmic temperature is presumably very high. In this paper, we investigate, by the Fubini-study method, the effect of this thermal contribution, which is characterized by a parameter $\kappa_{0}$, on the evolution of the cosmological complexity $\mathcal{C}_{FS}$ . We find that when the thermal effect is considered, the Universe would ``decomplex" firstly with the cosmic expansion after the mode of the scalar perturbations exiting the horizon in the de Sitter (dS) phase and $\mathcal{C}_{FS}$ has a minimum about $\pi/4$. If $\mathcal{C}_{FS}$ can reach its minimum during the dS era, which requires a small $\kappa_0$ or a large e-folding number for a large $\kappa_0$, it will bounce back to increase, and after the Universe enters the radiation dominated (RD) phase from the dS one, $\mathcal{C}_{FS}$ will decrease, pass its minimum again, and then increase till the mode reenters the horizon. For the case of a large enough $\kappa_0$, $\mathcal{C}_{FS}$ decreases but does not reach its minimum during the dS era, and it begins to increase after the transition from the dS phase to the RD one. When the mode reenters the horizon during the RD era, the cosmological complexity will oscillate around about $\kappa_{0}$. These features are different from that of the initial zero-temperature case, i.e., the cosmological complexity increases during the dS phase and decreases in the RD era till the mode reenters the horizon. Our results therefore suggest that the thermal effect changes qualitatively the evolutionary behavior of the cosmological complexity.
[ { "created": "Sat, 3 Dec 2022 02:32:02 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2022-12-06
[ [ "Wang", "Jincheng", "" ], [ "Yu", "Hongwei", "" ], [ "Wu", "Puxun", "" ] ]
The cosmological scalar perturbations should satisfy the thermal distribution at the beginning of inflation since the cosmic temperature is presumably very high. In this paper, we investigate, by the Fubini-study method, the effect of this thermal contribution, which is characterized by a parameter $\kappa_{0}$, on the evolution of the cosmological complexity $\mathcal{C}_{FS}$ . We find that when the thermal effect is considered, the Universe would ``decomplex" firstly with the cosmic expansion after the mode of the scalar perturbations exiting the horizon in the de Sitter (dS) phase and $\mathcal{C}_{FS}$ has a minimum about $\pi/4$. If $\mathcal{C}_{FS}$ can reach its minimum during the dS era, which requires a small $\kappa_0$ or a large e-folding number for a large $\kappa_0$, it will bounce back to increase, and after the Universe enters the radiation dominated (RD) phase from the dS one, $\mathcal{C}_{FS}$ will decrease, pass its minimum again, and then increase till the mode reenters the horizon. For the case of a large enough $\kappa_0$, $\mathcal{C}_{FS}$ decreases but does not reach its minimum during the dS era, and it begins to increase after the transition from the dS phase to the RD one. When the mode reenters the horizon during the RD era, the cosmological complexity will oscillate around about $\kappa_{0}$. These features are different from that of the initial zero-temperature case, i.e., the cosmological complexity increases during the dS phase and decreases in the RD era till the mode reenters the horizon. Our results therefore suggest that the thermal effect changes qualitatively the evolutionary behavior of the cosmological complexity.
1908.02927
Gihyuk Cho
Gihyuk Cho, Hyung Mok Lee
Analytic Keplerian-type parametrization for general spinning compact binaries with the leading order spin-orbit interaction
null
null
10.1103/PhysRevD.100.044046
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We derive a fully analytic Keplerian-type parametrization solution to conservative motion of spinning binary in ADM gauge. This solution is able to describe three dimensional motion of binaries of arbitrary eccentricity, mass ratio and initial configuration of spin angular momentum up to the leading order of post-Newtonian(PN) approximation and a linear order in spin. Based on our results waveforms can be quickly computed with high accuracy.
[ { "created": "Thu, 8 Aug 2019 04:26:33 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2019-09-11
[ [ "Cho", "Gihyuk", "" ], [ "Lee", "Hyung Mok", "" ] ]
We derive a fully analytic Keplerian-type parametrization solution to conservative motion of spinning binary in ADM gauge. This solution is able to describe three dimensional motion of binaries of arbitrary eccentricity, mass ratio and initial configuration of spin angular momentum up to the leading order of post-Newtonian(PN) approximation and a linear order in spin. Based on our results waveforms can be quickly computed with high accuracy.
2204.06210
Jainendra Kumar Singh Dr.
J. K. Singh, Shaily and Kazuharu Bamba
Bouncing universe in Gauss-Bonnet gravity
13 pages, 11 figures
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
In this paper, a bouncing cosmological scenario is studied in the background of a flat FLRW model with a specific parametrized hyperbolic form of scale factor $ a $ in terms of $ t $, where $ \lambda $ is taken as the model parameter. This model is discussed in $ f(R,G) $ formalism having structured as $ f(R,G)=R+F(G) $, where $ R $ is Ricci scalar and $ G $ is the Gauss-Bonnet invariant. The proposed functional form of the Hubble parameter is considered in such a way that it satisfies the bouncing criteria of the model, which is free from the initial singularity. The physical consequences of the model are discussed. In this model, one can see that the EoS parameter crosses the quintom line $ \omega=-1 $ in the neighborhood of bouncing point $ t\approx0 $, which is a very strong criterion for a successful bouncing cosmological model. Finally, we find that all the essential features of the bouncing model are satisfied successfully.
[ { "created": "Wed, 13 Apr 2022 07:32:38 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sat, 30 Apr 2022 15:59:22 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Tue, 9 Aug 2022 07:02:11 GMT", "version": "v3" }, { "created": "Wed, 10 Aug 2022 18:35:48 GMT", "version": "v4" } ]
2022-08-12
[ [ "Singh", "J. K.", "" ], [ "Shaily", "", "" ], [ "Bamba", "Kazuharu", "" ] ]
In this paper, a bouncing cosmological scenario is studied in the background of a flat FLRW model with a specific parametrized hyperbolic form of scale factor $ a $ in terms of $ t $, where $ \lambda $ is taken as the model parameter. This model is discussed in $ f(R,G) $ formalism having structured as $ f(R,G)=R+F(G) $, where $ R $ is Ricci scalar and $ G $ is the Gauss-Bonnet invariant. The proposed functional form of the Hubble parameter is considered in such a way that it satisfies the bouncing criteria of the model, which is free from the initial singularity. The physical consequences of the model are discussed. In this model, one can see that the EoS parameter crosses the quintom line $ \omega=-1 $ in the neighborhood of bouncing point $ t\approx0 $, which is a very strong criterion for a successful bouncing cosmological model. Finally, we find that all the essential features of the bouncing model are satisfied successfully.
2005.12724
Matthew J. Lake Dr
Matthew J. Lake
Why space could be quantised on a different scale to matter
5 pages of main text summarising the contents of a talk given at the 4th International Conference on Holography, String Theory and Discrete Approach, Hanoi, 3rd-8th August 2020, plus an appendix giving technical the details of the model. No figures. Published version
SciPost Phys. Proc. 4, 014 (2021)
10.21468/SciPostPhysProc.4.014
null
gr-qc quant-ph
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The scale of quantum mechanical effects in matter is set by Planck's constant, $\hbar$. This represents the quantisation scale for material objects. In this article, we present a simple argument why the quantisation scale for space, and hence for gravity, may not be equal to $\hbar$. Indeed, assuming a single quantisation scale for both matter and geometry leads to the `worst prediction in physics', namely, the huge difference between the observed and predicted vacuum energies. Conversely, assuming a different quantum of action for geometry, $\beta \ll \hbar$, allows us to recover the observed density of the Universe. Thus, by measuring its present-day expansion, we may in principle determine, empirically, the scale at which the geometric degrees of freedom should be quantised.
[ { "created": "Tue, 26 May 2020 13:51:30 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 1 Sep 2020 12:42:37 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Mon, 16 Aug 2021 10:55:53 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2021-08-17
[ [ "Lake", "Matthew J.", "" ] ]
The scale of quantum mechanical effects in matter is set by Planck's constant, $\hbar$. This represents the quantisation scale for material objects. In this article, we present a simple argument why the quantisation scale for space, and hence for gravity, may not be equal to $\hbar$. Indeed, assuming a single quantisation scale for both matter and geometry leads to the `worst prediction in physics', namely, the huge difference between the observed and predicted vacuum energies. Conversely, assuming a different quantum of action for geometry, $\beta \ll \hbar$, allows us to recover the observed density of the Universe. Thus, by measuring its present-day expansion, we may in principle determine, empirically, the scale at which the geometric degrees of freedom should be quantised.
gr-qc/0512048
Daniele Oriti
Daniele Oriti
Quantum gravity as a group field theory: a sketch
jpconf; 8 pages, 9 figures; to appear in the Proceedings of the Fourth Meeting on Constrained Dynamics and Quantum Gravity, Cala Gonone, Italy, September 12-16, 2005
J.Phys.Conf.Ser. 33 (2006) 271-278
10.1088/1742-6596/33/1/030
DAMTP-2005-123
gr-qc
null
We give a very brief introduction to the group field theory approach to quantum gravity, a generalisation of matrix models for 2-dimensional quantum gravity to higher dimension, that has emerged recently from research in spin foam models.
[ { "created": "Wed, 7 Dec 2005 18:42:19 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-06-25
[ [ "Oriti", "Daniele", "" ] ]
We give a very brief introduction to the group field theory approach to quantum gravity, a generalisation of matrix models for 2-dimensional quantum gravity to higher dimension, that has emerged recently from research in spin foam models.
gr-qc/0606096
D. F. Mota
A. Balaguera-Antolinez, D. F. Mota and M. Nowakowski
Ellipsoidal configurations in the de Sitter spacetime
15 pages, 11 figures, published in Class. Quant. Grav. References added
Class.Quant.Grav. 23 (2006) 4497-4510
10.1088/0264-9381/23/13/013
null
gr-qc
null
The cosmological constant $\Lambda$ modifies certain properties of large astrophysical rotating configurations with ellipsoidal geometries, provided the objects are not too compact. Assuming an equilibrium configuration and so using the tensor virial equation with $\Lambda$ we explore several equilibrium properties of homogeneous rotating ellipsoids. One shows that the bifurcation point, which in the oblate case distinguishes the Maclaurin ellipsoid from the Jacobi ellipsoid, is sensitive to the cosmological constant. Adding to that, the cosmological constant allows triaxial configurations of equilibrium rotating the minor axis as solutions of the virial equations. The significance of the result lies in the fact that minor axis rotation is indeed found in nature. Being impossible for the oblate case, it is permissible for prolate geometries, with $\Lambda$ zero and positive. For the triaxial case, however, an equilibrium solution is found only for non-zero positive $\Lambda$. Finally, we solve the tensor virial equation for the angular velocity and display special effects of the cosmological constant there.
[ { "created": "Thu, 22 Jun 2006 09:43:23 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 10 Jul 2006 07:19:15 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Balaguera-Antolinez", "A.", "" ], [ "Mota", "D. F.", "" ], [ "Nowakowski", "M.", "" ] ]
The cosmological constant $\Lambda$ modifies certain properties of large astrophysical rotating configurations with ellipsoidal geometries, provided the objects are not too compact. Assuming an equilibrium configuration and so using the tensor virial equation with $\Lambda$ we explore several equilibrium properties of homogeneous rotating ellipsoids. One shows that the bifurcation point, which in the oblate case distinguishes the Maclaurin ellipsoid from the Jacobi ellipsoid, is sensitive to the cosmological constant. Adding to that, the cosmological constant allows triaxial configurations of equilibrium rotating the minor axis as solutions of the virial equations. The significance of the result lies in the fact that minor axis rotation is indeed found in nature. Being impossible for the oblate case, it is permissible for prolate geometries, with $\Lambda$ zero and positive. For the triaxial case, however, an equilibrium solution is found only for non-zero positive $\Lambda$. Finally, we solve the tensor virial equation for the angular velocity and display special effects of the cosmological constant there.
1005.4532
Orlando Luongo
Orlando Luongo, Hernando Quevedo
Toward an invariant definition of repulsive gravity
to appear in the proceedings of MG12, Marcel Grossman Meeting, Paris, France, 12-18 Jul 2009
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
A remarkable property of naked singularities in general relativity is their repulsive nature. The effects generated by repulsive gravity are usually investigated by analyzing the trajectories of test particles which move in the effective potential of a naked singularity. This method is, however, coordinate and observer dependent. We propose to use the properties of the Riemann tensor in order to establish in an invariant manner the regions where repulsive gravity plays a dominant role. In particular, we show that in the case of the Kerr-Newman singularity and its special subcases the method delivers plausible results.
[ { "created": "Tue, 25 May 2010 11:07:30 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2010-05-26
[ [ "Luongo", "Orlando", "" ], [ "Quevedo", "Hernando", "" ] ]
A remarkable property of naked singularities in general relativity is their repulsive nature. The effects generated by repulsive gravity are usually investigated by analyzing the trajectories of test particles which move in the effective potential of a naked singularity. This method is, however, coordinate and observer dependent. We propose to use the properties of the Riemann tensor in order to establish in an invariant manner the regions where repulsive gravity plays a dominant role. In particular, we show that in the case of the Kerr-Newman singularity and its special subcases the method delivers plausible results.
2403.15318
Stefan Strub
Stefan H. Strub, Luigi Ferraioli, C\'edric Schmelzbach, Simon C. St\"ahler, and Domenico Giardini
Global Analysis of LISA Data with Galactic Binaries and Massive Black Hole Binaries
13 pages, 11 figures
null
null
null
gr-qc astro-ph.HE astro-ph.IM
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a planned space-based observatory to measure gravitational waves in the millihertz frequency band. This frequency band is expected to be dominated by signals from millions of Galactic binaries and tens of merging massive black hole binaries. The LISA Data Challenge 2a is focused on robust signal extraction from a blend of these two types of gravitational wave signals. Here, we introduce a novel high performance and cost-effective global fit pipeline extracting and characterizing galactic binary and massive black hole binary signals and estimate the noise of the residual. We perform the pipeline in a time-evolving weekly analysis starting with an observation time of 1 week until we reach a full year. As expected we detect more galactic binaries and massive black hole binaries bringing the noise estimate of the residual closer to the instrument noise with each week of additional observation time. Furthermore, we present a novel maximum likelihood estimate-based algorithm for extracting multiple massive black hole binaries. Additionally, we demonstrate a massive black hole binary signal extraction with a more accurate LISA response, considering higher harmonic modes, in a noisy data set.
[ { "created": "Fri, 22 Mar 2024 16:11:53 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 25 Mar 2024 07:09:35 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Mon, 3 Jun 2024 09:28:47 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2024-06-04
[ [ "Strub", "Stefan H.", "" ], [ "Ferraioli", "Luigi", "" ], [ "Schmelzbach", "Cédric", "" ], [ "Stähler", "Simon C.", "" ], [ "Giardini", "Domenico", "" ] ]
The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a planned space-based observatory to measure gravitational waves in the millihertz frequency band. This frequency band is expected to be dominated by signals from millions of Galactic binaries and tens of merging massive black hole binaries. The LISA Data Challenge 2a is focused on robust signal extraction from a blend of these two types of gravitational wave signals. Here, we introduce a novel high performance and cost-effective global fit pipeline extracting and characterizing galactic binary and massive black hole binary signals and estimate the noise of the residual. We perform the pipeline in a time-evolving weekly analysis starting with an observation time of 1 week until we reach a full year. As expected we detect more galactic binaries and massive black hole binaries bringing the noise estimate of the residual closer to the instrument noise with each week of additional observation time. Furthermore, we present a novel maximum likelihood estimate-based algorithm for extracting multiple massive black hole binaries. Additionally, we demonstrate a massive black hole binary signal extraction with a more accurate LISA response, considering higher harmonic modes, in a noisy data set.
2403.19162
Lalit Pathak
Lalit Pathak, Amit Reza, Anand S. Sengupta
Fast and faithful interpolation of numerical relativity surrogate waveforms using meshfree approximation
14 pages, 9 figures
null
null
LIGO DCC number: LIGO-P2400089
gr-qc astro-ph.IM
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Several theoretical waveform models have been developed over the years to capture the gravitational wave emission from the dynamical evolution of compact binary systems of neutron stars and black holes. As ground-based detectors improve their sensitivity at low frequencies, the real-time computation of these waveforms can become computationally expensive, exacerbating the steep cost of rapidly reconstructing source parameters using Bayesian methods. This paper describes an efficient numerical algorithm for generating high-fidelity interpolated compact binary waveforms at an arbitrary point in the signal manifold by leveraging computational linear algebra techniques such as singular value decomposition and meshfree approximation. The results are presented for the time-domain \texttt{NRHybSur3dq8} inspiral-merger-ringdown (IMR) waveform model that is fine tuned to numerical relativity simulations and parameterized by the two component-masses and two aligned spins. For demonstration, we target a specific region of the intrinsic parameter space inspired by the previously inferred parameters of the \texttt{GW200311\_115853} event -- a binary black hole system whose merger was recorded by the network of advanced-LIGO and Virgo detectors during the third observation run. We show that the meshfree interpolated waveforms can be evaluated in $\sim 2.3$ ms, which is about $\times 38$ faster than its brute-force (frequency-domain tapered) implementation in the \textsc{PyCBC} software package at a median accuracy of $\sim \mathcal{O}(10^{-5})$. The algorithm is computationally efficient and scales favourably with an increasing number of dimensions of the parameter space. This technique may find use in rapid parameter estimation and source reconstruction studies.
[ { "created": "Thu, 28 Mar 2024 06:13:54 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2024-03-29
[ [ "Pathak", "Lalit", "" ], [ "Reza", "Amit", "" ], [ "Sengupta", "Anand S.", "" ] ]
Several theoretical waveform models have been developed over the years to capture the gravitational wave emission from the dynamical evolution of compact binary systems of neutron stars and black holes. As ground-based detectors improve their sensitivity at low frequencies, the real-time computation of these waveforms can become computationally expensive, exacerbating the steep cost of rapidly reconstructing source parameters using Bayesian methods. This paper describes an efficient numerical algorithm for generating high-fidelity interpolated compact binary waveforms at an arbitrary point in the signal manifold by leveraging computational linear algebra techniques such as singular value decomposition and meshfree approximation. The results are presented for the time-domain \texttt{NRHybSur3dq8} inspiral-merger-ringdown (IMR) waveform model that is fine tuned to numerical relativity simulations and parameterized by the two component-masses and two aligned spins. For demonstration, we target a specific region of the intrinsic parameter space inspired by the previously inferred parameters of the \texttt{GW200311\_115853} event -- a binary black hole system whose merger was recorded by the network of advanced-LIGO and Virgo detectors during the third observation run. We show that the meshfree interpolated waveforms can be evaluated in $\sim 2.3$ ms, which is about $\times 38$ faster than its brute-force (frequency-domain tapered) implementation in the \textsc{PyCBC} software package at a median accuracy of $\sim \mathcal{O}(10^{-5})$. The algorithm is computationally efficient and scales favourably with an increasing number of dimensions of the parameter space. This technique may find use in rapid parameter estimation and source reconstruction studies.
1111.7192
Thomas Cailleteau Mr
Thomas Cailleteau, Aurelien Barrau
Gauge invariance in Loop Quantum Cosmology : Hamilton-Jacobi and Mukhanov-Sasaki equations for scalar perturbations
16 pages
Phys. Rev. D 85, 123534 (2012)
10.1103/PhysRevD.85.123534
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Gauge invariance of scalar perturbations is studied together with the associated equations of motion. Extending methods developed in the framework of hamiltonian General Relativity, the Hamilton-Jacobi equation is investigated into the details in Loop Quantum Cosmology. The gauge-invariant observables are built and their equations of motions are reviewed both in Hamiltonian and Lagrangian approaches. This method is applied to scalar perturbations with either holonomy or inverse-volume corrections.
[ { "created": "Wed, 30 Nov 2011 14:55:50 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2012-11-01
[ [ "Cailleteau", "Thomas", "" ], [ "Barrau", "Aurelien", "" ] ]
Gauge invariance of scalar perturbations is studied together with the associated equations of motion. Extending methods developed in the framework of hamiltonian General Relativity, the Hamilton-Jacobi equation is investigated into the details in Loop Quantum Cosmology. The gauge-invariant observables are built and their equations of motions are reviewed both in Hamiltonian and Lagrangian approaches. This method is applied to scalar perturbations with either holonomy or inverse-volume corrections.
gr-qc/0306094
Carl E. Dolby
Carl E. Dolby, Mark D. Goodsell and Stephen F. Gull
The Fermionic Particle Density of Flat 1+1 Dimensional Spacetime seen by an Arbitrarily Moving Observer
19 pages, 9 figures
Class.Quant.Grav. 20 (2003) 4861-4876
10.1088/0264-9381/20/22/010
null
gr-qc hep-th
null
A coordinate system is constructed for a general accelerating observer in 1+1 dimensions, and is used to determine the particle density of the massless Dirac vacuum for that observer. Equations are obtained for the spatial distribution and frequency distribution of massless fermions seen by this observer, in terms of the rapidity function of the observer's worldline. Examples that are considered include the uniformly accelerating observer as a limiting case, but do not always involve particle horizons. Only the low frequency limit depends on the possible presence of particle horizons. The rest of the spectrum is `almost thermal' whenever the observer's acceleration is `almost uniform'.
[ { "created": "Fri, 20 Jun 2003 15:24:44 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-11-10
[ [ "Dolby", "Carl E.", "" ], [ "Goodsell", "Mark D.", "" ], [ "Gull", "Stephen F.", "" ] ]
A coordinate system is constructed for a general accelerating observer in 1+1 dimensions, and is used to determine the particle density of the massless Dirac vacuum for that observer. Equations are obtained for the spatial distribution and frequency distribution of massless fermions seen by this observer, in terms of the rapidity function of the observer's worldline. Examples that are considered include the uniformly accelerating observer as a limiting case, but do not always involve particle horizons. Only the low frequency limit depends on the possible presence of particle horizons. The rest of the spectrum is `almost thermal' whenever the observer's acceleration is `almost uniform'.
gr-qc/0610086
Farook Rahaman
F. Rahaman, B.C.Bhui, A Ghosh and R. Mondal
Vacuumless cosmic strings in Einstein Cartan theory
7 pages, accepted in Fizika B, Reference corrections
FizikaB15:1-8,2006
null
null
gr-qc
null
The gravitational fields of vacuumless global and gauge strings have been investigated in the context of Einstein Cartan theory under the weak field assumption of the field equations. It has been shown that global string and gauge string can have only repulsive gravitational effect on a test particle.
[ { "created": "Tue, 17 Oct 2006 15:44:05 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 20 Oct 2006 10:19:59 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2008-11-26
[ [ "Rahaman", "F.", "" ], [ "Bhui", "B. C.", "" ], [ "Ghosh", "A", "" ], [ "Mondal", "R.", "" ] ]
The gravitational fields of vacuumless global and gauge strings have been investigated in the context of Einstein Cartan theory under the weak field assumption of the field equations. It has been shown that global string and gauge string can have only repulsive gravitational effect on a test particle.
2105.13041
Maurizio Gasperini
G. Fanizza, M. Gasperini, E. Pavone and L. Tedesco
Linearized propagation equations for metric fluctuations in a general (non-vacuum) background geometry
17 pages, no figures
JCAP 07 (2021) 021
10.1088/1475-7516/2021/07/021
BA-TH/804-20
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-th
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The linearized dynamical equation for metric perturbations in a fully general, non-vacuum, background geometry is obtained from the Hamilton variational principle applied to the action up to second order. We specialize our results to the case of traceless and transverse metric fluctuations, and we discuss how the intrinsic properties of the matter stress tensor can affect (and modify) the process of gravity wave propagation even in most conventional geometric scenarios, like (for instance) those described by a FLRW metric background. We provide explicit examples for fluid, scalar field and electromagnetic field sources.
[ { "created": "Thu, 27 May 2021 10:19:39 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2021-07-14
[ [ "Fanizza", "G.", "" ], [ "Gasperini", "M.", "" ], [ "Pavone", "E.", "" ], [ "Tedesco", "L.", "" ] ]
The linearized dynamical equation for metric perturbations in a fully general, non-vacuum, background geometry is obtained from the Hamilton variational principle applied to the action up to second order. We specialize our results to the case of traceless and transverse metric fluctuations, and we discuss how the intrinsic properties of the matter stress tensor can affect (and modify) the process of gravity wave propagation even in most conventional geometric scenarios, like (for instance) those described by a FLRW metric background. We provide explicit examples for fluid, scalar field and electromagnetic field sources.
1312.3159
Alberto Vecchiato
Alberto Vecchiato, Mario Gai, Mario G. Lattanzi, Mariateresa Crosta, Ugo Becciani and Stefano Bertone
Astrometric tests of General Relativity in the Solar System: mathematical and computational scenarios
4 pages, To appear on the proceedings of the International Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Physical Sciences (IC-MSQUARE) September 1-5, 2013, Prague, Czech Republic
2014JPhCS.490a2241V
10.1088/1742-6596/490/1/012241
null
gr-qc astro-ph.IM
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We review the mathematical models available for relativistic astrometry, discussing the different approaches and their accuracies in the context of the modern experiments from space like Gaia and GAME, and we show how these models can be applied to the real world, and their consequences from the mathematical and numerical point of view, with specific reference to the case of Gaia, whose launch is due before the end of the year.
[ { "created": "Wed, 11 Dec 2013 13:40:19 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2014-04-04
[ [ "Vecchiato", "Alberto", "" ], [ "Gai", "Mario", "" ], [ "Lattanzi", "Mario G.", "" ], [ "Crosta", "Mariateresa", "" ], [ "Becciani", "Ugo", "" ], [ "Bertone", "Stefano", "" ] ]
We review the mathematical models available for relativistic astrometry, discussing the different approaches and their accuracies in the context of the modern experiments from space like Gaia and GAME, and we show how these models can be applied to the real world, and their consequences from the mathematical and numerical point of view, with specific reference to the case of Gaia, whose launch is due before the end of the year.
gr-qc/0306016
Valerio Bozza
A. Bhadra
Gravitational lensing by a charged black hole of string theory
6 pages
Phys.Rev. D67 (2003) 103009
10.1103/PhysRevD.67.103009
null
gr-qc astro-ph hep-th
null
We study gravitational lensing by the Gibbons-Maeda-Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger (GMGHS) charged black hole of heterotic string theory and obtain the angular position and magnification of the relativistic images. Modeling the supermassive central object of the galaxy as a GMGHS black hole, we estimate the numerical values of different strong-lensing parameters. We find that there is no significant string effect present in the lensing observables in the strong-gravity scenario.
[ { "created": "Wed, 4 Jun 2003 13:50:23 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-11-10
[ [ "Bhadra", "A.", "" ] ]
We study gravitational lensing by the Gibbons-Maeda-Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger (GMGHS) charged black hole of heterotic string theory and obtain the angular position and magnification of the relativistic images. Modeling the supermassive central object of the galaxy as a GMGHS black hole, we estimate the numerical values of different strong-lensing parameters. We find that there is no significant string effect present in the lensing observables in the strong-gravity scenario.
gr-qc/0206027
Vladimir Karas
M. Abramowicz, I. Bengtsson, V. Karas, K. Rosquist
Poincare ball embeddings of the optical geometry
16 pages, 8 figures; CQG accepted
Class.Quant.Grav. 19 (2002) 3963-3976
10.1088/0264-9381/19/15/307
null
gr-qc astro-ph
null
It is shown that optical geometry of the Reissner-Nordstrom exterior metric can be embedded in a hyperbolic space all the way down to its outer horizon. The adopted embedding procedure removes a breakdown of flat-space embeddings which occurs outside the horizon, at and below the Buchdahl-Bondi limit (R/M=9/4 in the Schwarzschild case). In particular, the horizon can be captured in the optical geometry embedding diagram. Moreover, by using the compact Poincare ball representation of the hyperbolic space, the embedding diagram can cover the whole extent of radius from spatial infinity down to the horizon. Attention is drawn to advantages of such embeddings in an appropriately curved space: this approach gives compact embeddings and it distinguishes clearly the case of an extremal black hole from a non-extremal one in terms of topology of the embedded horizon.
[ { "created": "Mon, 10 Jun 2002 08:16:06 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-11-07
[ [ "Abramowicz", "M.", "" ], [ "Bengtsson", "I.", "" ], [ "Karas", "V.", "" ], [ "Rosquist", "K.", "" ] ]
It is shown that optical geometry of the Reissner-Nordstrom exterior metric can be embedded in a hyperbolic space all the way down to its outer horizon. The adopted embedding procedure removes a breakdown of flat-space embeddings which occurs outside the horizon, at and below the Buchdahl-Bondi limit (R/M=9/4 in the Schwarzschild case). In particular, the horizon can be captured in the optical geometry embedding diagram. Moreover, by using the compact Poincare ball representation of the hyperbolic space, the embedding diagram can cover the whole extent of radius from spatial infinity down to the horizon. Attention is drawn to advantages of such embeddings in an appropriately curved space: this approach gives compact embeddings and it distinguishes clearly the case of an extremal black hole from a non-extremal one in terms of topology of the embedded horizon.
2202.01835
H{\aa}kan Andr\'easson
H{\aa}kan Andr\'easson, Markus Kunze
Static solutions to the spherically symmetric Einstein-Vlasov system: a particle-number-Casimir approach
41 pages
SIAM J. Math. Anal. 55, 4843-4879 (2023)
10.1137/22M1522887
null
gr-qc math-ph math.MP
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Existence of spherically symmetric solutions to the Einstein-Vlasov system is well-known. However, it is an open problem whether or not static solutions arise as minimizers of a variational problem. Apart from being of interest in its own right, it is the connection to non-linear stability that gives this topic its importance. This problem was considered in \cite{Wol}, but as has been pointed out in \cite{AK}, the paper \cite{Wol} contained serious flaws. In this work we construct static solutions by solving the Euler-Lagrange equation for the energy density $\rho$ as a fixed point problem. The Euler-Lagrange equation originates from the particle number-Casimir functional introduced in \cite{Wol}. We then define a density function $f$ on phase space which induces the energy density $\rho$ and we show that it constitutes a static solution of the Einstein-Vlasov system. Hence we settle rigorously parts of what the author of \cite{Wol} attempted to prove.
[ { "created": "Thu, 3 Feb 2022 20:29:48 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2024-02-19
[ [ "Andréasson", "Håkan", "" ], [ "Kunze", "Markus", "" ] ]
Existence of spherically symmetric solutions to the Einstein-Vlasov system is well-known. However, it is an open problem whether or not static solutions arise as minimizers of a variational problem. Apart from being of interest in its own right, it is the connection to non-linear stability that gives this topic its importance. This problem was considered in \cite{Wol}, but as has been pointed out in \cite{AK}, the paper \cite{Wol} contained serious flaws. In this work we construct static solutions by solving the Euler-Lagrange equation for the energy density $\rho$ as a fixed point problem. The Euler-Lagrange equation originates from the particle number-Casimir functional introduced in \cite{Wol}. We then define a density function $f$ on phase space which induces the energy density $\rho$ and we show that it constitutes a static solution of the Einstein-Vlasov system. Hence we settle rigorously parts of what the author of \cite{Wol} attempted to prove.
gr-qc/9702004
Raul Abramo
L.R. Abramo, R.H. Brandenberger, V.M. Mukhanov
Back Reaction of Gravitational Perturbations
3 pages, LaTex using sprocl.sty, to appear in: Proceedings of the 18th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics (eds Olinto, Frieman and Schramm, World Scientific)
null
null
null
gr-qc astro-ph
null
The back reaction of gravitational perturbations in a homogeneous background is determined by an effective energy-momentum tensor quadratic in the perturbations. We show that this nonlinear feedback effect is important in the case of long wavelength scalar perturbations in inflationary universe models. We also show how to solve an old problem concerning the gauge dependence of the effective energy-momentum tensor of perturbations.
[ { "created": "Sat, 1 Feb 1997 21:37:18 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Abramo", "L. R.", "" ], [ "Brandenberger", "R. H.", "" ], [ "Mukhanov", "V. M.", "" ] ]
The back reaction of gravitational perturbations in a homogeneous background is determined by an effective energy-momentum tensor quadratic in the perturbations. We show that this nonlinear feedback effect is important in the case of long wavelength scalar perturbations in inflationary universe models. We also show how to solve an old problem concerning the gauge dependence of the effective energy-momentum tensor of perturbations.
1412.8660
Ilia Musco
John C. Miller and Ilia Musco
Causal horizons and topics in structure formation
12 pages, 2 figures, To appear in Proceedings of the RAGtime meetings 2008-2014, Opava, Czech Republic; S. Hledik and Z. Stuchlik, editors
null
null
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
This is a write-up of a talk given at the Opava RAGtime meeting in 2011, but it has been updated to include some subsequent related developments. The talk focused on discussion of some aspects of black hole and cosmological horizons under rather general circumstances, and on two different topics related to formation of cosmological structures at different epochs of the universe: virialization of cold dark matter during standard structure formation in the matter-dominated era, and primordial black hole formation during the radiative era.
[ { "created": "Tue, 30 Dec 2014 15:37:06 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2014-12-31
[ [ "Miller", "John C.", "" ], [ "Musco", "Ilia", "" ] ]
This is a write-up of a talk given at the Opava RAGtime meeting in 2011, but it has been updated to include some subsequent related developments. The talk focused on discussion of some aspects of black hole and cosmological horizons under rather general circumstances, and on two different topics related to formation of cosmological structures at different epochs of the universe: virialization of cold dark matter during standard structure formation in the matter-dominated era, and primordial black hole formation during the radiative era.
gr-qc/9709056
David Scialom
Philippe Jetzer and David Scialom
On the Stability of Real Scalar Boson Stars
3 pages, latex, no figures
null
null
null
gr-qc
null
We discuss spherically symmetric static solutions of the Einstein-Klein-Gordon equations for a real scalar field with a mass and a quartic self-interaction term. As for the massless case the solutions have a naked singularity at the origin. However, linear stability analysis shows that these solutions as well as the massless ones are dynamically unstable.
[ { "created": "Mon, 22 Sep 1997 15:50:07 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Jetzer", "Philippe", "" ], [ "Scialom", "David", "" ] ]
We discuss spherically symmetric static solutions of the Einstein-Klein-Gordon equations for a real scalar field with a mass and a quartic self-interaction term. As for the massless case the solutions have a naked singularity at the origin. However, linear stability analysis shows that these solutions as well as the massless ones are dynamically unstable.
1706.07421
N\'estor Ortiz
Juan Cayuso, N\'estor Ortiz, and Luis Lehner
Fixing extensions to General Relativity in the non-linear regime
26 pages, 10 figures. Matches published version
Phys. Rev. D 96, 084043 (2017)
10.1103/PhysRevD.96.084043
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The question of what gravitational theory could supersede General Relativity has been central in theoretical physics for decades. Many disparate alternatives have been proposed motivated by cosmology, quantum gravity and phenomenological angles, and have been subjected to tests derived from cosmological, solar system and pulsar observations typically restricted to linearized regimes. Gravitational waves from compact binaries provide new opportunities to probe these theories in the strongly gravitating/highly dynamical regimes. To this end however, a reliable understanding of the dynamics in such a regime is required. Unfortunately, most of these theories fail to define well posed initial value problems, which prevents at face value from meeting such challenge. In this work, we introduce a consistent program able to remedy this situation. This program is inspired in the approach to "fixing" viscous relativistic hydrodynamics introduced by Israel and Stewart in the late 70's. We illustrate how to implement this approach to control undesirable effects of higher order derivatives in gravity theories and argue how the modified system still captures the true dynamics of the putative underlying theories in 3+1 dimensions. We sketch the implementation of this idea in a couple of effective theories of gravity, one in the context of Non-commutative geometry, and one in the context of Chern-Simons modified General Relativity.
[ { "created": "Thu, 22 Jun 2017 17:53:09 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 26 Jun 2017 21:34:54 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Fri, 10 Nov 2017 00:49:58 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2017-11-13
[ [ "Cayuso", "Juan", "" ], [ "Ortiz", "Néstor", "" ], [ "Lehner", "Luis", "" ] ]
The question of what gravitational theory could supersede General Relativity has been central in theoretical physics for decades. Many disparate alternatives have been proposed motivated by cosmology, quantum gravity and phenomenological angles, and have been subjected to tests derived from cosmological, solar system and pulsar observations typically restricted to linearized regimes. Gravitational waves from compact binaries provide new opportunities to probe these theories in the strongly gravitating/highly dynamical regimes. To this end however, a reliable understanding of the dynamics in such a regime is required. Unfortunately, most of these theories fail to define well posed initial value problems, which prevents at face value from meeting such challenge. In this work, we introduce a consistent program able to remedy this situation. This program is inspired in the approach to "fixing" viscous relativistic hydrodynamics introduced by Israel and Stewart in the late 70's. We illustrate how to implement this approach to control undesirable effects of higher order derivatives in gravity theories and argue how the modified system still captures the true dynamics of the putative underlying theories in 3+1 dimensions. We sketch the implementation of this idea in a couple of effective theories of gravity, one in the context of Non-commutative geometry, and one in the context of Chern-Simons modified General Relativity.
1704.04444
Kostiantyn Ropotenko
Kostiantyn Ropotenko
Fast scrambling as Brownian motion in a fluid with negative viscosity
7 pages, Essay written for the Gravity Research Foundation 2017 Awards for Essays on Gravitation
null
null
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
It is shown that the fast scrambling of information in a black hole can be viewed as Brownian motion of information in a fluid with negative viscosity (and negative temperature). It is argued that a non-local character of the fast scrambling is only an illusion; the stretched horizon with negative viscosity is an amplifying medium that mimics non-locality and superluminal communication.
[ { "created": "Thu, 13 Apr 2017 16:18:41 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2017-04-17
[ [ "Ropotenko", "Kostiantyn", "" ] ]
It is shown that the fast scrambling of information in a black hole can be viewed as Brownian motion of information in a fluid with negative viscosity (and negative temperature). It is argued that a non-local character of the fast scrambling is only an illusion; the stretched horizon with negative viscosity is an amplifying medium that mimics non-locality and superluminal communication.
1802.06062
Jos\'e Francisco da Rocha-Neto J. F.
J. F. da Rocha-Neto, B. R. Morais
Gravitational Pressure, apparent horizon and thermodynamics of FLRW universe in the teleparallel gravity
20 pages, no figures
General Relativity and Gravitation 2018
10.1007/s10714-018-2350-z
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In the context of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity the concept of gravitational pressure and gravitational energy-momentum arisen in a natural way. In the case of a Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker space FLRW we obtain the total energy contained inside the apparent horizon and the radial pressure over the apparent horizon area. We use these definitions to written a thermodynamics relation $T_{A}dS_{A} = dE_{A}+P_{A}dV_{A}$ at the apparent horizon, where $E_{A}$ is the total energy inside the apparent horizon, $V_{A}$ is the areal volume of the apparent horizon, $P_{A}$ is the radial pressure over the apparent horizon area, $S_{A}$ is the entropy which can be assumed as one quarter of the apparent horizon area only for a non stationary apparent horizon. We identify $T_{A}$ as the temperature at the surface of the apparent horizon. We shown that for all expanding accelerated FLRW model of universe the radial pressure is positive.
[ { "created": "Fri, 16 Feb 2018 18:27:37 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2018-02-19
[ [ "da Rocha-Neto", "J. F.", "" ], [ "Morais", "B. R.", "" ] ]
In the context of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity the concept of gravitational pressure and gravitational energy-momentum arisen in a natural way. In the case of a Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker space FLRW we obtain the total energy contained inside the apparent horizon and the radial pressure over the apparent horizon area. We use these definitions to written a thermodynamics relation $T_{A}dS_{A} = dE_{A}+P_{A}dV_{A}$ at the apparent horizon, where $E_{A}$ is the total energy inside the apparent horizon, $V_{A}$ is the areal volume of the apparent horizon, $P_{A}$ is the radial pressure over the apparent horizon area, $S_{A}$ is the entropy which can be assumed as one quarter of the apparent horizon area only for a non stationary apparent horizon. We identify $T_{A}$ as the temperature at the surface of the apparent horizon. We shown that for all expanding accelerated FLRW model of universe the radial pressure is positive.
2308.05132
Rabia Saleem
Xin-Yun Hu, M. Israr Aslam, Rabia Saleem and Xiao-Xiong Zeng
Holographic Einstein Rings of an AdS Black Hole in Massive Gravity
15 pages, 14 figures
null
null
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
In the context of holography, the Einstein ring of an AdS black hole (BH) in massive gravity (MG) is depicted. An oscillating Gaussian source on one side of the AdS boundary propagates in bulk, and we impose a response function to explain it. Using a wave optics imaging system, we obtain the optical appearance of the Einstein ring. Our research reveals that the ring can change into a luminosity-deformed ring or light spots depending on the variation of parameters and observational positions. When observers are positioned at the north pole, the holographic profiles always appear as a ring with concentric stripe surroundings, and a bright ring appears at the location of the photon sphere of the BH. These findings are consistent with the radius of the photon sphere of the BH, which is calculated in geometrical optics. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the analytical studies of holographic theory, which can be used to evaluate different types of BHs for a fixed wave source and optical system.
[ { "created": "Wed, 9 Aug 2023 13:00:56 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 21 Aug 2023 12:11:24 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2023-08-22
[ [ "Hu", "Xin-Yun", "" ], [ "Aslam", "M. Israr", "" ], [ "Saleem", "Rabia", "" ], [ "Zeng", "Xiao-Xiong", "" ] ]
In the context of holography, the Einstein ring of an AdS black hole (BH) in massive gravity (MG) is depicted. An oscillating Gaussian source on one side of the AdS boundary propagates in bulk, and we impose a response function to explain it. Using a wave optics imaging system, we obtain the optical appearance of the Einstein ring. Our research reveals that the ring can change into a luminosity-deformed ring or light spots depending on the variation of parameters and observational positions. When observers are positioned at the north pole, the holographic profiles always appear as a ring with concentric stripe surroundings, and a bright ring appears at the location of the photon sphere of the BH. These findings are consistent with the radius of the photon sphere of the BH, which is calculated in geometrical optics. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the analytical studies of holographic theory, which can be used to evaluate different types of BHs for a fixed wave source and optical system.
2007.03769
Sam Patrick
Sam Patrick, Silke Weinfurtner
Superradiance in dispersive black hole analogues
22 pages, 11 figures
Phys. Rev. D 102, 084041 (2020)
10.1103/PhysRevD.102.084041
null
gr-qc physics.flu-dyn
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Wave equations containing spatial derivatives which are higher than second order arise naturally in the context of condensed matter systems. The solutions of such equations contain more than two modes and consequently, the range of possible interactions between the different modes is significantly enhanced compared to the two mode case. We develop a framework for analysing the different mode interactions based on the classical turning points of the dispersion relation. We then apply this framework to the scattering of deep water gravity waves with a draining bathtub vortex, a system which constitutes the analogue of a rotating black hole in the non-dispersive limit. In particular, we show that the different scattering outcomes are controlled by the light-ring frequencies, a concept routinely applied in black hole physics, and two new frequencies which are related to the strength of dispersion. We find that the frequency range in which the reflected wave is superradiantly amplified appears as a simple modification to the non-dispersive case. However, the condition to observe this amplification is complicated by the fact that a superradiant mode can be reflected back into the system by scattering with one of the additional modes. We provide estimates for the reflection coefficients in the full dispersive regime.
[ { "created": "Tue, 7 Jul 2020 20:05:36 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2020-10-28
[ [ "Patrick", "Sam", "" ], [ "Weinfurtner", "Silke", "" ] ]
Wave equations containing spatial derivatives which are higher than second order arise naturally in the context of condensed matter systems. The solutions of such equations contain more than two modes and consequently, the range of possible interactions between the different modes is significantly enhanced compared to the two mode case. We develop a framework for analysing the different mode interactions based on the classical turning points of the dispersion relation. We then apply this framework to the scattering of deep water gravity waves with a draining bathtub vortex, a system which constitutes the analogue of a rotating black hole in the non-dispersive limit. In particular, we show that the different scattering outcomes are controlled by the light-ring frequencies, a concept routinely applied in black hole physics, and two new frequencies which are related to the strength of dispersion. We find that the frequency range in which the reflected wave is superradiantly amplified appears as a simple modification to the non-dispersive case. However, the condition to observe this amplification is complicated by the fact that a superradiant mode can be reflected back into the system by scattering with one of the additional modes. We provide estimates for the reflection coefficients in the full dispersive regime.
0911.1589
Jeandrew Brink
Jeandrew Brink
Spacetime Encodings III - Second Order Killing Tensors
9 pages
Phys.Rev.D81:022001,2010
10.1103/PhysRevD.81.022001
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
This paper explores the Petrov type D, stationary axisymmetric vacuum (SAV) spacetimes that were found by Carter to have separable Hamilton-Jacobi equations, and thus admit a second-order Killing tensor. The derivation of the spacetimes presented in this paper borrows from ideas about dynamical systems, and illustrates concepts that can be generalized to higher- order Killing tensors. The relationship between the components of the Killing equations and metric functions are given explicitly. The origin of the four separable coordinate systems found by Carter is explained and classified in terms of the analytic structure associated with the Killing equations. A geometric picture of what the orbital invariants may represent is built. Requiring that a SAV spacetime admits a second-order Killing tensor is very restrictive, selecting very few candidates from the group of all possible SAV spacetimes. This restriction arises due to the fact that the consistency conditions associated with the Killing equations require that the field variables obey a second-order differential equation, as opposed to a fourth-order differential equation that imposes the weaker condition that the spacetime be SAV. This paper introduces ideas that could lead to the explicit computation of more general orbital invariants in the form of higher-order Killing Tensors.
[ { "created": "Mon, 9 Nov 2009 05:42:17 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2010-04-06
[ [ "Brink", "Jeandrew", "" ] ]
This paper explores the Petrov type D, stationary axisymmetric vacuum (SAV) spacetimes that were found by Carter to have separable Hamilton-Jacobi equations, and thus admit a second-order Killing tensor. The derivation of the spacetimes presented in this paper borrows from ideas about dynamical systems, and illustrates concepts that can be generalized to higher- order Killing tensors. The relationship between the components of the Killing equations and metric functions are given explicitly. The origin of the four separable coordinate systems found by Carter is explained and classified in terms of the analytic structure associated with the Killing equations. A geometric picture of what the orbital invariants may represent is built. Requiring that a SAV spacetime admits a second-order Killing tensor is very restrictive, selecting very few candidates from the group of all possible SAV spacetimes. This restriction arises due to the fact that the consistency conditions associated with the Killing equations require that the field variables obey a second-order differential equation, as opposed to a fourth-order differential equation that imposes the weaker condition that the spacetime be SAV. This paper introduces ideas that could lead to the explicit computation of more general orbital invariants in the form of higher-order Killing Tensors.
1509.00590
Sergey Yu. Vernov
A.Yu. Kamenshchik, E.O. Pozdeeva, A. Tronconi, G. Venturi, S.Yu. Vernov
Interdependence between integrable cosmological models with minimal and non-minimal coupling
15 pages, v2: figures and references added, accepted for publication in CQG
Class. Quantum Grav. 33 (2016) 015004
10.1088/0264-9381/33/1/015004
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We consider the relation between exact solutions of cosmological models having minimally and non-minimally coupled scalar fields. This is done for a particular class of solvable models which, in the Einstein frame, have potentials depending on hyperbolic functions and in the Jordan frame, where the non-minimal coupling is conformal, possess a relatively simple dynamics. We show that a particular model in this class can be generalized to the cases of closed and open Friedmann universes and still exhibits a simple dynamics. Further we illustrate the conditions for the existences of bounces in some sub-classes of the set of integrable models we have considered.
[ { "created": "Wed, 2 Sep 2015 07:41:55 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 5 Nov 2015 18:53:45 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2015-12-15
[ [ "Kamenshchik", "A. Yu.", "" ], [ "Pozdeeva", "E. O.", "" ], [ "Tronconi", "A.", "" ], [ "Venturi", "G.", "" ], [ "Vernov", "S. Yu.", "" ] ]
We consider the relation between exact solutions of cosmological models having minimally and non-minimally coupled scalar fields. This is done for a particular class of solvable models which, in the Einstein frame, have potentials depending on hyperbolic functions and in the Jordan frame, where the non-minimal coupling is conformal, possess a relatively simple dynamics. We show that a particular model in this class can be generalized to the cases of closed and open Friedmann universes and still exhibits a simple dynamics. Further we illustrate the conditions for the existences of bounces in some sub-classes of the set of integrable models we have considered.
gr-qc/0204040
Varun Sahni
Yuri Shtanov and Varun Sahni
New Cosmological Singularities in Braneworld Models
11 pages, 3 figures. Slight change in title to match version accepted for publication in Class. Quant. Grav. (Lett.)
Class.Quant.Grav.19:L101-L107,2002
10.1088/0264-9381/19/11/102
null
gr-qc astro-ph hep-ph hep-th
null
Higher-dimensional braneworld models which contain both bulk and brane curvature terms in the action admit cosmological singularities of rather unusual form and nature. These `quiescent' singularities, which can occur both during the contracting as well as the expanding phase, are characterised by the fact that while the matter density and Hubble parameter remain finite, all higher derivatives of the scale factor ($\stackrel{..}{a}$, $\stackrel{...}{a}$ etc.) diverge as the cosmological singularity is approached. The singularities are the result of the embedding of the (3+1)-dimensional brane in the bulk and can exist even in an empty homogeneous and isotropic (FRW) universe. The possibility that the present universe may expand into a singular state is discussed.
[ { "created": "Thu, 11 Apr 2002 07:29:02 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 2 May 2002 17:43:32 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2009-11-07
[ [ "Shtanov", "Yuri", "" ], [ "Sahni", "Varun", "" ] ]
Higher-dimensional braneworld models which contain both bulk and brane curvature terms in the action admit cosmological singularities of rather unusual form and nature. These `quiescent' singularities, which can occur both during the contracting as well as the expanding phase, are characterised by the fact that while the matter density and Hubble parameter remain finite, all higher derivatives of the scale factor ($\stackrel{..}{a}$, $\stackrel{...}{a}$ etc.) diverge as the cosmological singularity is approached. The singularities are the result of the embedding of the (3+1)-dimensional brane in the bulk and can exist even in an empty homogeneous and isotropic (FRW) universe. The possibility that the present universe may expand into a singular state is discussed.
0909.2717
Masoud Alimohammadi
M. Alimohammadi and H. Behnamian
Remarks on generalized scalar-tensor models of dark energy
20 pages, 5 figures, typos corrected, reference added
Phys.Rev.D80:063008,2009
10.1103/PhysRevD.80.063008
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The generalized scalar-tensor models with Lagrangian $F(\phi,R)-U(\phi)(\nabla\phi)^2$ are considered. It is shown that the phantom-divide-line crossing and the deceleration to acceleration transition generally occurr in these models. Two specific examples, the coupled quintessence model and the Brans-Dicke model are considered. For the first example, it is shown that for the models with $\xi>3/16$, the $\omega=-1$ transition exists. This is verified numerically for some special cases. For the Brans-Dicke model, it is shown that the transition does not occur, a result which can be verified by using the exact solution of this model. Finally the contribution of quantum effects on these phenomena is investigated. It is shown that for some special cases where the $\omega=-1$ transition is classically forbidden, the quantum effects can induce transition. The $\xi=1/6$ of coupled quintessence model is an example of this. The quantum effects are described via the account of conformal anomaly.
[ { "created": "Tue, 15 Sep 2009 06:06:37 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sun, 27 Sep 2009 10:21:33 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2010-04-30
[ [ "Alimohammadi", "M.", "" ], [ "Behnamian", "H.", "" ] ]
The generalized scalar-tensor models with Lagrangian $F(\phi,R)-U(\phi)(\nabla\phi)^2$ are considered. It is shown that the phantom-divide-line crossing and the deceleration to acceleration transition generally occurr in these models. Two specific examples, the coupled quintessence model and the Brans-Dicke model are considered. For the first example, it is shown that for the models with $\xi>3/16$, the $\omega=-1$ transition exists. This is verified numerically for some special cases. For the Brans-Dicke model, it is shown that the transition does not occur, a result which can be verified by using the exact solution of this model. Finally the contribution of quantum effects on these phenomena is investigated. It is shown that for some special cases where the $\omega=-1$ transition is classically forbidden, the quantum effects can induce transition. The $\xi=1/6$ of coupled quintessence model is an example of this. The quantum effects are described via the account of conformal anomaly.
gr-qc/9207011
Sai Iyer
Sai Iyer and A R Prasanna
Centrifugal force in Kerr geometry
6 pages, LateX macros
null
10.1088/0264-9381/10/1/003
PRL-TH-92/33
gr-qc
null
We have obtained the correct expression for the centrifugal force acting on a particle at the equatorial circumference of a rotating body in the locally non-rotating frame of the Kerr geometry. Using this expression for the equilibrium of an element on the surface of a slowly rotating Maclaurin spheroid, we obtain the expression for the ellipticity (as discussed earlier by Abramowicz and Miller) and determine the radius at which the ellipticity is maximum.
[ { "created": "Fri, 31 Jul 1992 16:09:17 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-10-22
[ [ "Iyer", "Sai", "" ], [ "Prasanna", "A R", "" ] ]
We have obtained the correct expression for the centrifugal force acting on a particle at the equatorial circumference of a rotating body in the locally non-rotating frame of the Kerr geometry. Using this expression for the equilibrium of an element on the surface of a slowly rotating Maclaurin spheroid, we obtain the expression for the ellipticity (as discussed earlier by Abramowicz and Miller) and determine the radius at which the ellipticity is maximum.
1706.01879
Lorenzo Sebastiani
E. Elizalde, S.D. Odintsov, L.Sebastiani, R.Myrzakulov
Beyond-one-loop quantum gravity action yielding both inflation and late-time acceleration
20 pages, to appear in NPB
null
10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2017.06.003
null
gr-qc hep-ph hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
A unified description of early-time inflation with the current cosmic acceleration is achieved by means of a new theory that uses a quadratic model of gravity, with the inclusion of an exponential $F(R)$-gravity contribution for dark energy. High-curvature corrections of the theory come from higher-derivative quantum gravity and yield an effective action that goes beyond the one-loop approximation. It is shown that, in this theory, viable inflation emerges in a natural way, leading to a spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio that are in perfect agreement with the most reliable Planck results. At low energy, late-time accelerated expansion takes place. As exponential gravity, for dark energy, must be stabilized during the matter and radiation eras, we introduce a curing term in order to avoid nonphysical singularities in the effective equation of state parameter. The results of our analysis are confirmed by accurate numerical simulations, which show that our model does fit the most recent cosmological data for dark energy very precisely.
[ { "created": "Tue, 6 Jun 2017 12:55:27 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2017-06-28
[ [ "Elizalde", "E.", "" ], [ "Odintsov", "S. D.", "" ], [ "Sebastiani", "L.", "" ], [ "Myrzakulov", "R.", "" ] ]
A unified description of early-time inflation with the current cosmic acceleration is achieved by means of a new theory that uses a quadratic model of gravity, with the inclusion of an exponential $F(R)$-gravity contribution for dark energy. High-curvature corrections of the theory come from higher-derivative quantum gravity and yield an effective action that goes beyond the one-loop approximation. It is shown that, in this theory, viable inflation emerges in a natural way, leading to a spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio that are in perfect agreement with the most reliable Planck results. At low energy, late-time accelerated expansion takes place. As exponential gravity, for dark energy, must be stabilized during the matter and radiation eras, we introduce a curing term in order to avoid nonphysical singularities in the effective equation of state parameter. The results of our analysis are confirmed by accurate numerical simulations, which show that our model does fit the most recent cosmological data for dark energy very precisely.
2309.05643
Christian J. Kr\"uger
Christian J. Kr\"uger, Sebastian H. V\"olkel
Rapidly rotating neutron stars: Universal relations and EOS inference
17 pages, 14 figures
Phys. Rev. D108, 124056 (2023)
10.1103/PhysRevD.108.124056
null
gr-qc astro-ph.HE astro-ph.SR
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We provide accurate universal relations that allow to estimate the moment of inertia $I$ and the ratio of kinetic to gravitational binding energy $T/W$ of uniformly rotating neutron stars from the knowledge of mass, radius, and moment of inertia of an associated non-rotating neutron star. Based on these, several other fluid quantities can be estimated as well. Astrophysical neutron stars rotate to varying degrees, and, although rotational effects may be neglected in some cases, not modeling them will inevitably introduce bias when performing parameter estimation. This is especially important for future, high-precision measurements coming from electromagnetic and gravitational wave observations. The proposed universal relations facilitate computationally cheap EOS inference codes that permit the inclusion of observations of rotating neutron stars. To demonstrate this, we deploy them into a recent Bayesian framework for equation of state parameter estimation that is now valid for arbitrary, uniform rotation. Our inference results are robust up to around percent level precision for the generated neutron star observations, consisting of the mass, equatorial radius, rotation rate, as well as co- and counter-rotating $f$-mode frequencies, that enter the framework as data.
[ { "created": "Mon, 11 Sep 2023 17:33:38 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 15 Jan 2024 22:33:48 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2024-01-17
[ [ "Krüger", "Christian J.", "" ], [ "Völkel", "Sebastian H.", "" ] ]
We provide accurate universal relations that allow to estimate the moment of inertia $I$ and the ratio of kinetic to gravitational binding energy $T/W$ of uniformly rotating neutron stars from the knowledge of mass, radius, and moment of inertia of an associated non-rotating neutron star. Based on these, several other fluid quantities can be estimated as well. Astrophysical neutron stars rotate to varying degrees, and, although rotational effects may be neglected in some cases, not modeling them will inevitably introduce bias when performing parameter estimation. This is especially important for future, high-precision measurements coming from electromagnetic and gravitational wave observations. The proposed universal relations facilitate computationally cheap EOS inference codes that permit the inclusion of observations of rotating neutron stars. To demonstrate this, we deploy them into a recent Bayesian framework for equation of state parameter estimation that is now valid for arbitrary, uniform rotation. Our inference results are robust up to around percent level precision for the generated neutron star observations, consisting of the mass, equatorial radius, rotation rate, as well as co- and counter-rotating $f$-mode frequencies, that enter the framework as data.
0903.4724
Xin-Zhou Li
Xin-zhou Li, Chang-bo Sun and Ping Xi
Statefinder diagnostic in a torsion cosmology
18 pages, 15 figures, accepted paper in JCAP
JCAP 0904:015,2009
10.1088/1475-7516/2009/04/015
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We apply the statefinder diagnostic to the torsion cosmology, in which an accounting for the accelerated universe is considered in term of a Riemann-Cartan geometry: dynamic scalar torsion. We find that there are some typical characteristic of the evolution of statefinder parameters for the torsion cosmology that can be distinguished from the other cosmological models. Furthermore, we also show that statefinder diagnostic has a direct bearing on the critical points. The statefinder diagnostic divides the torsion parameter $a_1$ into differential ranges, which is in keeping with the requirement of dynamical analysis. In addition, we fit the scalar torsion model to ESSENCE supernovae data and give the best fit values of the model parameters.
[ { "created": "Fri, 27 Mar 2009 01:46:14 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2011-03-31
[ [ "Li", "Xin-zhou", "" ], [ "Sun", "Chang-bo", "" ], [ "Xi", "Ping", "" ] ]
We apply the statefinder diagnostic to the torsion cosmology, in which an accounting for the accelerated universe is considered in term of a Riemann-Cartan geometry: dynamic scalar torsion. We find that there are some typical characteristic of the evolution of statefinder parameters for the torsion cosmology that can be distinguished from the other cosmological models. Furthermore, we also show that statefinder diagnostic has a direct bearing on the critical points. The statefinder diagnostic divides the torsion parameter $a_1$ into differential ranges, which is in keeping with the requirement of dynamical analysis. In addition, we fit the scalar torsion model to ESSENCE supernovae data and give the best fit values of the model parameters.
0803.3849
Myungseok Yoon
Wontae Kim, Hyeonjoon Shin, and Myungseok Yoon
Anomaly and Hawking radiation from regular black holes
14 pages, 4 figures
J.Korean Phys.Soc. 53 (2008) 1791-1796
10.3938/jkps.53.1791
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We consider the Hawking radiation from two regular black holes, the minimal model and the noncommutative black hole. The flux of Hawking radiation is derived by applying the anomaly cancellation method proposed by Robinson and Wilczek. Two regular black holes have the same radiation pattern except for the detailed expression for the Hawking temperature. The resulting flux of the energy-momentum tensor is shown to be precisely the same with the thermal flux from each regular black hole at the Hawking temperature.
[ { "created": "Thu, 27 Mar 2008 00:53:54 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2018-02-14
[ [ "Kim", "Wontae", "" ], [ "Shin", "Hyeonjoon", "" ], [ "Yoon", "Myungseok", "" ] ]
We consider the Hawking radiation from two regular black holes, the minimal model and the noncommutative black hole. The flux of Hawking radiation is derived by applying the anomaly cancellation method proposed by Robinson and Wilczek. Two regular black holes have the same radiation pattern except for the detailed expression for the Hawking temperature. The resulting flux of the energy-momentum tensor is shown to be precisely the same with the thermal flux from each regular black hole at the Hawking temperature.
1312.4529
William East
William E. East, Fethi M. Ramazano\u{g}lu, and Frans Pretorius
Black Hole Superradiance in Dynamical Spacetime
5 pages, 4 figures; revised to match PRD version
Phys. Rev. D 89, 061503 (2014)
10.1103/PhysRevD.89.061503
null
gr-qc astro-ph.HE hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study the superradiant scattering of gravitational waves by a nearly extremal black hole (dimensionless spin $a=0.99$) by numerically solving the full Einstein field equations, thus including backreaction effects. This allows us to study the dynamics of the black hole as it loses energy and angular momentum during the scattering process. To explore the nonlinear phase of the interaction, we consider gravitational wave packets with initial energies up to $10%$ of the mass of the black hole. We find that as the incident wave energy increases, the amplification of the scattered waves, as well as the energy extraction efficiency from the black hole, is reduced. During the interaction the apparent horizon geometry undergoes sizable nonaxisymmetric oscillations. The largest amplitude excitations occur when the peak frequency of the incident wave packet is above where superradiance occurs, but close to the dominant quasinormal mode frequency of the black hole.
[ { "created": "Mon, 16 Dec 2013 21:00:00 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 14 Mar 2014 21:50:16 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2014-03-26
[ [ "East", "William E.", "" ], [ "Ramazanoğlu", "Fethi M.", "" ], [ "Pretorius", "Frans", "" ] ]
We study the superradiant scattering of gravitational waves by a nearly extremal black hole (dimensionless spin $a=0.99$) by numerically solving the full Einstein field equations, thus including backreaction effects. This allows us to study the dynamics of the black hole as it loses energy and angular momentum during the scattering process. To explore the nonlinear phase of the interaction, we consider gravitational wave packets with initial energies up to $10%$ of the mass of the black hole. We find that as the incident wave energy increases, the amplification of the scattered waves, as well as the energy extraction efficiency from the black hole, is reduced. During the interaction the apparent horizon geometry undergoes sizable nonaxisymmetric oscillations. The largest amplitude excitations occur when the peak frequency of the incident wave packet is above where superradiance occurs, but close to the dominant quasinormal mode frequency of the black hole.
gr-qc/9611048
Marco `BRONI` Bruni
M. Bruni, S. Matarrese, S. Mollerach, and S. Sonego
On Relativistic Perturbations of Second and Higher Order
6 pages, latex, with special style included, Proceedings of the 12th Italian Conference on General Relativity and Gravitational Physics
null
null
IC/96/224, SISSA--162/96/A
gr-qc astro-ph
null
We present the results of a study of the gauge dependence of spacetime perturbations. In particular, we consider gauge invariance in general, we give a generating formula for gauge transformations to an arbitrary order n, and explicit transformation rules at second order.
[ { "created": "Wed, 20 Nov 1996 11:26:14 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Bruni", "M.", "" ], [ "Matarrese", "S.", "" ], [ "Mollerach", "S.", "" ], [ "Sonego", "S.", "" ] ]
We present the results of a study of the gauge dependence of spacetime perturbations. In particular, we consider gauge invariance in general, we give a generating formula for gauge transformations to an arbitrary order n, and explicit transformation rules at second order.
0708.0490
Luca Lusanna
Luca Lusanna (INFN, Firenze)
The Chrono-Geometrical Structure of General Relativity and Clock Synchronization
13 pages, Talk at the First Colloquium Scientific and Fundamental Aspects of the Galileo Programme, Toulouse 1-4 October 2007
null
null
null
gr-qc
null
After a review of the chrono-geometrical structure of special relativity, where the definition of the instantaneous 3-space is based on the observer-dependent convention for the synchronization of distant clocks, it is shown that in a class of models of general relativity the instantaneous 3-space and the associated clock synchronization convention are dynamically determined by Einstein's equations. This theoretical framework is necessary to understand the relativistic effects around the Earth, to be tested with the ACES mission of ESA, and the implications for metrology induced by the accuracy of the new generation of atomic clocks.
[ { "created": "Fri, 3 Aug 2007 10:50:48 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-08-06
[ [ "Lusanna", "Luca", "", "INFN, Firenze" ] ]
After a review of the chrono-geometrical structure of special relativity, where the definition of the instantaneous 3-space is based on the observer-dependent convention for the synchronization of distant clocks, it is shown that in a class of models of general relativity the instantaneous 3-space and the associated clock synchronization convention are dynamically determined by Einstein's equations. This theoretical framework is necessary to understand the relativistic effects around the Earth, to be tested with the ACES mission of ESA, and the implications for metrology induced by the accuracy of the new generation of atomic clocks.
gr-qc/0411031
Thomas Thiemann
Thomas Thiemann
Reduced Phase Space Quantization and Dirac Observables
18 pages, no figures
Class.Quant.Grav. 23 (2006) 1163-1180
10.1088/0264-9381/23/4/006
AEI-2004-103
gr-qc
null
In her recent work, Dittrich generalized Rovelli's idea of partial observables to construct Dirac observables for constrained systems to the general case of an arbitrary first class constraint algebra with structure functions rather than structure constants. Here we use this framework and propose a new way for how to implement explicitly a reduced phase space quantization of a given system, at least in principle, without the need to compute the gauge equivalence classes. The degree of practicality of this programme depends on the choice of the partial observables involved. The (multi-fingered) time evolution was shown to correspond to an automorphism on the set of Dirac observables so generated and interesting representations of the latter will be those for which a suitable preferred subgroup is realized unitarily. We sketch how such a programme might look like for General Relativity. We also observe that the ideas by Dittrich can be used in order to generate constraints equivalent to those of the Hamiltonian constraints for General Relativity such that they are spatially diffeomorphism invariant. This has the important consequence that one can now quantize the new Hamiltonian constraints on the partially reduced Hilbert space of spatially diffeomorphism invariant states, just as for the recently proposed Master constraint programme.
[ { "created": "Sat, 6 Nov 2004 19:08:06 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-11-10
[ [ "Thiemann", "Thomas", "" ] ]
In her recent work, Dittrich generalized Rovelli's idea of partial observables to construct Dirac observables for constrained systems to the general case of an arbitrary first class constraint algebra with structure functions rather than structure constants. Here we use this framework and propose a new way for how to implement explicitly a reduced phase space quantization of a given system, at least in principle, without the need to compute the gauge equivalence classes. The degree of practicality of this programme depends on the choice of the partial observables involved. The (multi-fingered) time evolution was shown to correspond to an automorphism on the set of Dirac observables so generated and interesting representations of the latter will be those for which a suitable preferred subgroup is realized unitarily. We sketch how such a programme might look like for General Relativity. We also observe that the ideas by Dittrich can be used in order to generate constraints equivalent to those of the Hamiltonian constraints for General Relativity such that they are spatially diffeomorphism invariant. This has the important consequence that one can now quantize the new Hamiltonian constraints on the partially reduced Hilbert space of spatially diffeomorphism invariant states, just as for the recently proposed Master constraint programme.
gr-qc/0504005
Christian Heinicke
Christian Heinicke, Peter Baekler, Friedrich W. Hehl
Einstein-aether theory, violation of Lorentz invariance, and metric-affine gravity
Revtex4, 38 pages, 1 figure
Phys.Rev.D72:025012,2005
10.1103/PhysRevD.72.025012
null
gr-qc hep-th
null
We show that the Einstein-aether theory of Jacobson and Mattingly (J&M) can be understood in the framework of the metric-affine (gauge theory of) gravity (MAG). We achieve this by relating the aether vector field of J&M to certain post-Riemannian nonmetricity pieces contained in an independent linear connection of spacetime. Then, for the aether, a corresponding geometrical curvature-square Lagrangian with a massive piece can be formulated straightforwardly. We find an exact spherically symmetric solution of our model.
[ { "created": "Fri, 1 Apr 2005 16:58:14 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2010-11-19
[ [ "Heinicke", "Christian", "" ], [ "Baekler", "Peter", "" ], [ "Hehl", "Friedrich W.", "" ] ]
We show that the Einstein-aether theory of Jacobson and Mattingly (J&M) can be understood in the framework of the metric-affine (gauge theory of) gravity (MAG). We achieve this by relating the aether vector field of J&M to certain post-Riemannian nonmetricity pieces contained in an independent linear connection of spacetime. Then, for the aether, a corresponding geometrical curvature-square Lagrangian with a massive piece can be formulated straightforwardly. We find an exact spherically symmetric solution of our model.
1909.01129
Michael Good
Michael R. R. Good, Eric V. Linder, Frank Wilczek
Remnant-free Moving Mirror Model for Black Hole Radiation Field
5 pages, 5 figures
Phys. Rev. D 101, 025012 (2020)
10.1103/PhysRevD.101.025012
MIT-CTP/5144
gr-qc hep-th quant-ph
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We analyze the flow of energy and entropy emitted by a class of moving mirror trajectories which provide models for the radiation fields produced by black hole evaporation. The mirror radiation fields provide natural, concrete examples of processes that follow thermal distributions for long periods, accompanied by transients which are brief and carry little net energy, yet they ultimately represent pure quantum states. A burst of negative energy flux is a generic feature of these fields, but it need not be prominent.
[ { "created": "Fri, 30 Aug 2019 04:00:54 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2020-02-04
[ [ "Good", "Michael R. R.", "" ], [ "Linder", "Eric V.", "" ], [ "Wilczek", "Frank", "" ] ]
We analyze the flow of energy and entropy emitted by a class of moving mirror trajectories which provide models for the radiation fields produced by black hole evaporation. The mirror radiation fields provide natural, concrete examples of processes that follow thermal distributions for long periods, accompanied by transients which are brief and carry little net energy, yet they ultimately represent pure quantum states. A burst of negative energy flux is a generic feature of these fields, but it need not be prominent.
1105.0667
Jorge Pullin
Rodolfo Gambini, Jorge Pullin, Saeed Rastgoo
Quantum scalar field in quantum gravity: the propagator and Lorentz invariance in the spherically symmetric case
Dedicated to Josh Goldberg, to appear in special issue of Gen. Rel. Grav., 14 pages RevTex. We expanded the section on Lorentz invariance
Gen. Rel. Grav. 43 3569-3592 (2011)
10.1007/s10714-011-1252-0
LSU-REL-050311
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We recently studied gravity coupled to a scalar field in spherical symmetry using loop quantum gravity techniques. Since there are local degrees of freedom one faces the "problem of dynamics". We attack it using the "uniform discretization technique". We find the quantum state that minimizes the value of the master constraint for the case of weak fields and curvatures. The state has the form of a direct product of Gaussians for the gravitational variables times a modified Fock state for the scalar field. In this paper we do three things. First, we verify that the previous state also yields a small value of the master constraint when one polymerizes the scalar field in addition to the gravitational variables. We then study the propagators for the polymerized scalar field in flat space-time using the previously considered ground state in the low energy limit. We discuss the issue of the Lorentz invariance of the whole approach. We note that if one uses real clocks to describe the system, Lorentz invariance violations are small. We discuss the implications of these results in the light of Horava's Gravity at the Lifshitz point and of the argument about potential large Lorentz violations in interacting field theories of Collins et. al.
[ { "created": "Tue, 3 May 2011 19:55:48 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 29 Jul 2011 18:26:36 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2012-02-13
[ [ "Gambini", "Rodolfo", "" ], [ "Pullin", "Jorge", "" ], [ "Rastgoo", "Saeed", "" ] ]
We recently studied gravity coupled to a scalar field in spherical symmetry using loop quantum gravity techniques. Since there are local degrees of freedom one faces the "problem of dynamics". We attack it using the "uniform discretization technique". We find the quantum state that minimizes the value of the master constraint for the case of weak fields and curvatures. The state has the form of a direct product of Gaussians for the gravitational variables times a modified Fock state for the scalar field. In this paper we do three things. First, we verify that the previous state also yields a small value of the master constraint when one polymerizes the scalar field in addition to the gravitational variables. We then study the propagators for the polymerized scalar field in flat space-time using the previously considered ground state in the low energy limit. We discuss the issue of the Lorentz invariance of the whole approach. We note that if one uses real clocks to describe the system, Lorentz invariance violations are small. We discuss the implications of these results in the light of Horava's Gravity at the Lifshitz point and of the argument about potential large Lorentz violations in interacting field theories of Collins et. al.
2109.10336
Quentin Vigneron
Quentin Vigneron
Is backreaction in cosmology a relativistic effect? On the need for an extension of Newton's theory to non-Euclidean topologies
Accepted for publication in Physical Review D
null
10.1103/PhysRevD.105.043524
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cosmological backreaction corresponds to the effect of inhomogeneities of structure on the global expansion of the Universe. The main question surrounding this phenomenon is whether or not it is important enough to lead to measurable effects on the scale factor evolution eventually explaining its acceleration or the Hubble tension. One of the most important result on this subject is the Buchert-Ehlers theorem (Buchert \& Ehlers, 1997) stating that backreaction is exactly zero when calculated using Newton's theory of gravitation, which may not be the case in general relativity. It is generally said that this result implies that backreaction is a purely relativistic effect. We will show that this is not necessarily the case, in the sense that this implication does not apply to a universe which is still well described by Newton's theory on small scales but has a non-Euclidean topology. The theorem should therefore be generalised to account for such a scenario. In a heuristic calculation where we construct a theory which is locally Newtonian but defined on a non-Euclidean topology, we show that backreaction is non-zero, meaning that it might be non-relativistic depending on the topological class of our Universe. However, that construction is not unique and remains to be justified from a non-relativistic limit of general relativity.
[ { "created": "Tue, 21 Sep 2021 17:44:05 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 25 Jan 2022 14:25:10 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2022-03-02
[ [ "Vigneron", "Quentin", "" ] ]
Cosmological backreaction corresponds to the effect of inhomogeneities of structure on the global expansion of the Universe. The main question surrounding this phenomenon is whether or not it is important enough to lead to measurable effects on the scale factor evolution eventually explaining its acceleration or the Hubble tension. One of the most important result on this subject is the Buchert-Ehlers theorem (Buchert \& Ehlers, 1997) stating that backreaction is exactly zero when calculated using Newton's theory of gravitation, which may not be the case in general relativity. It is generally said that this result implies that backreaction is a purely relativistic effect. We will show that this is not necessarily the case, in the sense that this implication does not apply to a universe which is still well described by Newton's theory on small scales but has a non-Euclidean topology. The theorem should therefore be generalised to account for such a scenario. In a heuristic calculation where we construct a theory which is locally Newtonian but defined on a non-Euclidean topology, we show that backreaction is non-zero, meaning that it might be non-relativistic depending on the topological class of our Universe. However, that construction is not unique and remains to be justified from a non-relativistic limit of general relativity.
2106.01297
Fay Dowker
Fay Dowker and Jeremy Butterfield
Recovering General Relativity from a Planck scale discrete theory of quantum gravity
47 pages, 2 figures
null
null
null
gr-qc hep-th physics.hist-ph
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
An argument is presented that if a theory of quantum gravity is physically discrete at the Planck scale and the theory recovers General Relativity as an approximation, then, at the current stage of our knowledge, causal sets must arise within the theory, even if they are not its basis. We show in particular that an apparent alternative to causal sets, viz. a certain sort of discrete Lorentzian simplicial complex, cannot recover General Relativistic spacetimes in the appropriately unique way. For it cannot discriminate between Minkowski spacetime and a spacetime with a certain sort of gravitational wave burst.
[ { "created": "Wed, 2 Jun 2021 17:06:34 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2021-06-03
[ [ "Dowker", "Fay", "" ], [ "Butterfield", "Jeremy", "" ] ]
An argument is presented that if a theory of quantum gravity is physically discrete at the Planck scale and the theory recovers General Relativity as an approximation, then, at the current stage of our knowledge, causal sets must arise within the theory, even if they are not its basis. We show in particular that an apparent alternative to causal sets, viz. a certain sort of discrete Lorentzian simplicial complex, cannot recover General Relativistic spacetimes in the appropriately unique way. For it cannot discriminate between Minkowski spacetime and a spacetime with a certain sort of gravitational wave burst.
1409.7977
Benjamin Schulz
Benjamin Schulz
Review on the quantization of gravity
100 pages
null
null
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
This is a review article on quantum gravity. In section 1, the Penrose singularity theorem is proven. In section 2, the covariant quantization approach of gravity is reviewed. In section 3, an article by Hawking is reviewed that shows the gravitational path integral at one loop level to be dominated by contributions from some kind of virtual gravitational instantons. In section 4, the canonical, non-perturbative quantization approach is reviewed. In section 5, arguments from Hawking are mentioned which show the gravitational path integral to be an approximate solution of the Wheeler deWitt equation. In section 6, the black hole entropy is derived in various ways. Section 6.1 uses the gravitational path integral for this calculation. Section 6.2 shows how the black hole entropy can be derived from canonical quantum gravity. In section 7.1, arguments from Dvali and Gomez who claim that gravity can be quantized in a way which would be in some sense self-complete are critically assessed. In section 7.2 a model from Dvali and Gomez for the description of quantum mechanical black holes is critically assessed and compared with the standard quantization methods of gravity.
[ { "created": "Mon, 29 Sep 2014 01:24:05 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2014-09-30
[ [ "Schulz", "Benjamin", "" ] ]
This is a review article on quantum gravity. In section 1, the Penrose singularity theorem is proven. In section 2, the covariant quantization approach of gravity is reviewed. In section 3, an article by Hawking is reviewed that shows the gravitational path integral at one loop level to be dominated by contributions from some kind of virtual gravitational instantons. In section 4, the canonical, non-perturbative quantization approach is reviewed. In section 5, arguments from Hawking are mentioned which show the gravitational path integral to be an approximate solution of the Wheeler deWitt equation. In section 6, the black hole entropy is derived in various ways. Section 6.1 uses the gravitational path integral for this calculation. Section 6.2 shows how the black hole entropy can be derived from canonical quantum gravity. In section 7.1, arguments from Dvali and Gomez who claim that gravity can be quantized in a way which would be in some sense self-complete are critically assessed. In section 7.2 a model from Dvali and Gomez for the description of quantum mechanical black holes is critically assessed and compared with the standard quantization methods of gravity.
gr-qc/0510016
Harald P. Pfeiffer
Harald P. Pfeiffer
Initial data for black hole evolutions
Ph.D. thesis, Cornell University, 2003
null
null
null
gr-qc
null
We discuss the initial value problem of general relativity in its recently unified Lagrangian and Hamiltonian pictures and present a multi-domain pseudo-spectral collocation method to solve the resulting coupled nonlinear partial differential equations. Using this code, we explore several approaches to construct initial data sets containing one or two black holes: We compute quasi-circular orbits for spinning equal mass black holes and unequal mass (nonspinning) black holes using the effective potential method with Bowen-York extrinsic curvature. We compare initial data sets resulting from different decompositions, and from different choices of the conformal metric with each other. Furthermore, we use the quasi-equilibrium method to construct initial data for single black holes and for binary black holes in quasi-circular orbits. We investigate these binary black hole data sets and examine the limits of large mass-ratio and wide separation. Finally, we propose a new method for constructing spacetimes with superposed gravitational waves of possibly very large amplitude.
[ { "created": "Tue, 4 Oct 2005 18:40:40 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Pfeiffer", "Harald P.", "" ] ]
We discuss the initial value problem of general relativity in its recently unified Lagrangian and Hamiltonian pictures and present a multi-domain pseudo-spectral collocation method to solve the resulting coupled nonlinear partial differential equations. Using this code, we explore several approaches to construct initial data sets containing one or two black holes: We compute quasi-circular orbits for spinning equal mass black holes and unequal mass (nonspinning) black holes using the effective potential method with Bowen-York extrinsic curvature. We compare initial data sets resulting from different decompositions, and from different choices of the conformal metric with each other. Furthermore, we use the quasi-equilibrium method to construct initial data for single black holes and for binary black holes in quasi-circular orbits. We investigate these binary black hole data sets and examine the limits of large mass-ratio and wide separation. Finally, we propose a new method for constructing spacetimes with superposed gravitational waves of possibly very large amplitude.
1506.01664
Alexandre Filippov
Alexandre T. Filippov
On solving dynamical equations in general homogeneous isotropic cosmologies with scalaron
New version: 33 pages instead 32; revised and extended Abstract, Sections 4.3, 5; edited Section 1, changed a few titles; corrected misprints
null
10.1134/S0040577916070072
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-th math-ph math.MP
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study general dynamical equations describing homogeneous isotropic cosmologies coupled to a scalaron $\psi$. For flat cosmologies ($k=0$), we analyze in detail the gauge-independent equation describing the differential, $\chi(\alpha)\equiv\psi^\prime(\alpha)$, of the map of the metric $\alpha$ to the scalaron field $\psi$, which is the main mathematical characteristic locally defining a `portrait' of a cosmology in `$\alpha$-version'. In the `$\psi$-version', a similar equation for the differential of the inverse map, $\bar{\chi}(\psi)\equiv \chi^{-1}(\alpha)$, can be solved asymptotically or for some `integrable' scalaron potentials $v(\psi)$. In the flat case, $\bar{\chi}(\psi)$ and $\chi(\alpha)$ satisfy the first-order differential equations depending only on the logarithmic derivative of the potential. Once we know a general analytic solution for one of these $\chi$-functions, we can explicitly derive all characteristics of the cosmological model. In the $\alpha$-version, the whole dynamical system is integrable for $k\neq 0$ and with any `$\alpha$-potential', $\bar{v}(\alpha)\equiv v[\psi(\alpha)]$, replacing $v(\psi)$. There is no a priori relation between the two potentials before deriving $\chi$ or $\bar{\chi}$, which implicitly depend on the potential itself, but relations between the two pictures can be found by asymptotic expansions or by inflationary perturbation theory. Explicit applications of the results to a more rigorous treatment of the chaotic inflation models and to their comparison with the ekpyrotic-bouncing ones are outlined in the frame of our `$\alpha$-formulation' of isotropic scalaron cosmologies. In particular, we establish an inflationary perturbation expansion for $\chi$. When all the conditions for inflation are satisfied and $\chi$ obeys a certain boundary (initial) condition, we get the standard inflationary parameters, with higher-order corrections.
[ { "created": "Thu, 4 Jun 2015 17:35:53 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 3 Sep 2015 16:11:27 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Tue, 20 Oct 2015 18:14:36 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2016-08-24
[ [ "Filippov", "Alexandre T.", "" ] ]
We study general dynamical equations describing homogeneous isotropic cosmologies coupled to a scalaron $\psi$. For flat cosmologies ($k=0$), we analyze in detail the gauge-independent equation describing the differential, $\chi(\alpha)\equiv\psi^\prime(\alpha)$, of the map of the metric $\alpha$ to the scalaron field $\psi$, which is the main mathematical characteristic locally defining a `portrait' of a cosmology in `$\alpha$-version'. In the `$\psi$-version', a similar equation for the differential of the inverse map, $\bar{\chi}(\psi)\equiv \chi^{-1}(\alpha)$, can be solved asymptotically or for some `integrable' scalaron potentials $v(\psi)$. In the flat case, $\bar{\chi}(\psi)$ and $\chi(\alpha)$ satisfy the first-order differential equations depending only on the logarithmic derivative of the potential. Once we know a general analytic solution for one of these $\chi$-functions, we can explicitly derive all characteristics of the cosmological model. In the $\alpha$-version, the whole dynamical system is integrable for $k\neq 0$ and with any `$\alpha$-potential', $\bar{v}(\alpha)\equiv v[\psi(\alpha)]$, replacing $v(\psi)$. There is no a priori relation between the two potentials before deriving $\chi$ or $\bar{\chi}$, which implicitly depend on the potential itself, but relations between the two pictures can be found by asymptotic expansions or by inflationary perturbation theory. Explicit applications of the results to a more rigorous treatment of the chaotic inflation models and to their comparison with the ekpyrotic-bouncing ones are outlined in the frame of our `$\alpha$-formulation' of isotropic scalaron cosmologies. In particular, we establish an inflationary perturbation expansion for $\chi$. When all the conditions for inflation are satisfied and $\chi$ obeys a certain boundary (initial) condition, we get the standard inflationary parameters, with higher-order corrections.
0906.2655
Stefan Hild
Stefan Hild, Simon Chelkowski, Andreas Freise, Janyce Franc, Nazario Morgado, Raffaele Flaminio and Riccardo DeSalvo
A Xylophone Configuration for a third Generation Gravitational Wave Detector
null
Class.Quant.Grav.27:015003,2010
10.1088/0264-9381/27/1/015003
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Achieving the demanding sensitivity and bandwidth, envisaged for third generation gravitational wave (GW) observatories, is extremely challenging with a single broadband interferometer. Very high optical powers (Megawatts) are required to reduce the quantum noise contribution at high frequencies, while the interferometer mirrors have to be cooled to cryogenic temperatures in order to reduce thermal noise sources at low frequencies. To resolve this potential conflict of cryogenic test masses with high thermal load, we present a conceptual design for a 2-band xylophone configuration for a third generation GW observatory, composed of a high-power, high-frequency interferometer and a cryogenic low-power, low-frequency instrument. Featuring inspiral ranges of 3200Mpc and 38000Mpc for binary neutron stars and binary black holes coalesences, respectively, we find that the potential sensitivity of xylophone configurations can be significantly wider and better than what is possible in a single broadband interferometer.
[ { "created": "Mon, 15 Jun 2009 10:45:33 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 15 Jul 2009 15:09:43 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2010-01-06
[ [ "Hild", "Stefan", "" ], [ "Chelkowski", "Simon", "" ], [ "Freise", "Andreas", "" ], [ "Franc", "Janyce", "" ], [ "Morgado", "Nazario", "" ], [ "Flaminio", "Raffaele", "" ], [ "DeSalvo", "Riccardo", "" ] ]
Achieving the demanding sensitivity and bandwidth, envisaged for third generation gravitational wave (GW) observatories, is extremely challenging with a single broadband interferometer. Very high optical powers (Megawatts) are required to reduce the quantum noise contribution at high frequencies, while the interferometer mirrors have to be cooled to cryogenic temperatures in order to reduce thermal noise sources at low frequencies. To resolve this potential conflict of cryogenic test masses with high thermal load, we present a conceptual design for a 2-band xylophone configuration for a third generation GW observatory, composed of a high-power, high-frequency interferometer and a cryogenic low-power, low-frequency instrument. Featuring inspiral ranges of 3200Mpc and 38000Mpc for binary neutron stars and binary black holes coalesences, respectively, we find that the potential sensitivity of xylophone configurations can be significantly wider and better than what is possible in a single broadband interferometer.
0711.1284
Carlo Rovelli
Emanuele Alesci, Carlo Rovelli
The complete LQG propagator: II. Asymptotic behavior of the vertex
16 pages
Phys.Rev.D77:044024,2008
10.1103/PhysRevD.77.044024
null
gr-qc
null
In a previous article we have show that there are difficulties in obtaining the correct graviton propagator from the loop-quantum-gravity dynamics defined by the Barrett-Crane vertex amplitude. Here we show that a vertex amplitude that depends nontrivially on the intertwiners can yield the correct propagator. We give an explicit example of asymptotic behavior of a vertex amplitude that gives the correct full graviton propagator in the large distance limit.
[ { "created": "Thu, 8 Nov 2007 14:45:43 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2008-11-26
[ [ "Alesci", "Emanuele", "" ], [ "Rovelli", "Carlo", "" ] ]
In a previous article we have show that there are difficulties in obtaining the correct graviton propagator from the loop-quantum-gravity dynamics defined by the Barrett-Crane vertex amplitude. Here we show that a vertex amplitude that depends nontrivially on the intertwiners can yield the correct propagator. We give an explicit example of asymptotic behavior of a vertex amplitude that gives the correct full graviton propagator in the large distance limit.
gr-qc/0509068
Stephane Fay
Stephane Fay
Properties of homogeneous cosmologies in scalar tensor theories
40 pages, 6 figures, chapter of book
Frontiers in field theory, Nova publishers, 2005
null
null
gr-qc
null
We study the isotropisation of the homogeneous but anisotropic Bianchi class A models in presence of a minimally coupled and massive scalar field with or without a perfect fluid. To this end, we use the Hamiltonian formalism of Arnowitt, Deser and Misner(ADM) and the dynamical systems analysis methods. Our results allow to define three kinds of isotropisation called class 1, 2 and 3. We have specifically studied the class 1 and obtained some general constraints on scalar-tensor theories which are necessary conditions for isotropisation. The asymptotical behaviors of the metric functions and potential in the neighborhood of isotropy have also been determined when the isotropic state is reached sufficiently quickly. We show that the scalar field responsible for isotropisation may be quintessent and that the presence of curvature favor a late times acceleration and quintessence. Some applications are made with the well known exponential law potential by using our theoretical results but also by help of numerical analysis. The isotropisation process with a power law potential is also explored. We think this work represents a framework able to guide some future researches on the isotropisation of homogeneous models in scalar-tensor theories and we argue by discussing briefly about some recent results we have obtained in presence of a non minimally coupled scalar field or several scalar fields.
[ { "created": "Fri, 16 Sep 2005 15:15:19 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Fay", "Stephane", "" ] ]
We study the isotropisation of the homogeneous but anisotropic Bianchi class A models in presence of a minimally coupled and massive scalar field with or without a perfect fluid. To this end, we use the Hamiltonian formalism of Arnowitt, Deser and Misner(ADM) and the dynamical systems analysis methods. Our results allow to define three kinds of isotropisation called class 1, 2 and 3. We have specifically studied the class 1 and obtained some general constraints on scalar-tensor theories which are necessary conditions for isotropisation. The asymptotical behaviors of the metric functions and potential in the neighborhood of isotropy have also been determined when the isotropic state is reached sufficiently quickly. We show that the scalar field responsible for isotropisation may be quintessent and that the presence of curvature favor a late times acceleration and quintessence. Some applications are made with the well known exponential law potential by using our theoretical results but also by help of numerical analysis. The isotropisation process with a power law potential is also explored. We think this work represents a framework able to guide some future researches on the isotropisation of homogeneous models in scalar-tensor theories and we argue by discussing briefly about some recent results we have obtained in presence of a non minimally coupled scalar field or several scalar fields.
1005.1097
John D. Swain
John Swain
Black Holes and the Strong CP Problem
Small corrections/additions made plus added references and discussion of theta terms for electromagnetism and gravity in topologically more complicated spacetimes
null
null
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The strong CP problem is that SU(3) gauge field instantons naturally induce a CP violating term in the QCD Lagrangian which is constrained by experiment to be very small for no obvious reason. We show that this problem disappears if one assumes the existence of at least one black hole somewhere in the universe. The argument is reminiscent of Dirac's argument for the quantization of charge, in which the existence of one monople anywhere in the universe suffices to require the quantization of electric charge everywhere.
[ { "created": "Thu, 6 May 2010 22:35:11 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 30 Jun 2010 01:00:47 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2015-03-17
[ [ "Swain", "John", "" ] ]
The strong CP problem is that SU(3) gauge field instantons naturally induce a CP violating term in the QCD Lagrangian which is constrained by experiment to be very small for no obvious reason. We show that this problem disappears if one assumes the existence of at least one black hole somewhere in the universe. The argument is reminiscent of Dirac's argument for the quantization of charge, in which the existence of one monople anywhere in the universe suffices to require the quantization of electric charge everywhere.
2011.13198
Joseph Ntahompagaze
Joseph Ntahompagaze, Shambel Sahlu, Amare Abebe and Manasse R. Mbonye
On multifluid perturbations in scalar-tensor cosmology
Accepted for International Journal of Modern Physics D
null
10.1142/S0218271820501205
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
In this paper the scalar-tensor theory is applied to the study of perturbations in a multi-fluid universe, using the 1+3 covariant approach. Both scalar and harmonic decompositions are instituted on the perturbation equations. In particular, as an application, we study perturbations on a background FRW cosmology consisting of both radiation and dust in the presence of a scalar field. We consider both radiation-dominated and dust-dominated epochs, respectively, and study the results. During the analysis, quasi-static approximation is instituted. It is observed that the fluctuations of the energy density decrease with increasing redshift, for different values of $n$ of a power law $R^{n}$ model
[ { "created": "Thu, 26 Nov 2020 09:48:24 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2020-11-30
[ [ "Ntahompagaze", "Joseph", "" ], [ "Sahlu", "Shambel", "" ], [ "Abebe", "Amare", "" ], [ "Mbonye", "Manasse R.", "" ] ]
In this paper the scalar-tensor theory is applied to the study of perturbations in a multi-fluid universe, using the 1+3 covariant approach. Both scalar and harmonic decompositions are instituted on the perturbation equations. In particular, as an application, we study perturbations on a background FRW cosmology consisting of both radiation and dust in the presence of a scalar field. We consider both radiation-dominated and dust-dominated epochs, respectively, and study the results. During the analysis, quasi-static approximation is instituted. It is observed that the fluctuations of the energy density decrease with increasing redshift, for different values of $n$ of a power law $R^{n}$ model
2009.11410
Maria Skugoreva
Maria A. Skugoreva, Alexey V. Toporensky
Bouncing solutions in $f(T)$ gravity
11 pages, 5 figures, v3: some corrections, published version
Eur. Phys. J. C 80 (2020) no. 11, 1054
10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08638-9
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We consider certain aspects of cosmological dynamics of a spatially curved Universe in $f(T)$ gravity. Local analysis allows us to find conditions for bounces and for static solutions; these conditions appear to be in general less restrictive than in general relativity. We also provide a global analysis of the corresponding cosmological dynamics in the cases when bounces and static configurations exist, by constructing phase diagrams. These diagrams indicate that the fate of a big contracting Universe is not altered significantly when bounces become possible, since they appear to be inaccessible by a sufficiently big Universe.
[ { "created": "Wed, 23 Sep 2020 22:41:01 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 2 Oct 2020 01:01:30 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Tue, 8 Jun 2021 20:34:07 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2021-06-10
[ [ "Skugoreva", "Maria A.", "" ], [ "Toporensky", "Alexey V.", "" ] ]
We consider certain aspects of cosmological dynamics of a spatially curved Universe in $f(T)$ gravity. Local analysis allows us to find conditions for bounces and for static solutions; these conditions appear to be in general less restrictive than in general relativity. We also provide a global analysis of the corresponding cosmological dynamics in the cases when bounces and static configurations exist, by constructing phase diagrams. These diagrams indicate that the fate of a big contracting Universe is not altered significantly when bounces become possible, since they appear to be inaccessible by a sufficiently big Universe.
gr-qc/0009096
Roberto Scipioni
Roberto Mignani (University of Rome III) Roberto Scipioni (University of British Columbia)
On the solutions of the Cartan equation in Metric Affine Gravity
To appear in General Relativity and Gravitation
Gen.Rel.Grav. 33 (2001) 683-711
10.1023/A:1010222015861
null
gr-qc
null
In the Tucker-Wang approach to Metric Affine gravity we review some particular solutions of the Cartan equation for the non-riemannian part of the connection. As application we show how a quite general non Riemannian model gives a Proca type equation for the trace of the nonmetricity 1-forms Q.
[ { "created": "Thu, 28 Sep 2000 17:17:52 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-06-25
[ [ "Mignani", "Roberto", "", "University of Rome III" ], [ "Scipioni", "Roberto", "", "University\n of British Columbia" ] ]
In the Tucker-Wang approach to Metric Affine gravity we review some particular solutions of the Cartan equation for the non-riemannian part of the connection. As application we show how a quite general non Riemannian model gives a Proca type equation for the trace of the nonmetricity 1-forms Q.
gr-qc/0507048
Dario Zappala
C. M. L. de Aragao, M. Consoli, A. Grillo
Extra dimensions, preferred frames and ether-drift experiments
15 pages, Latex, no figures
null
null
null
gr-qc astro-ph hep-ph
null
Models with extra space-time dimensions produce, tipically, a 4D effective theory whose vacuum is not exactly Lorentz invariant but can be considered a physical medium whose refractive index is determined by the gravitational field. This leads to a version of relativity with a preferred frame and to look for experimental tests with the new generation of ether-drift experiments using rotating cryogenic optical resonators. Considering various types of cosmic motion, we formulate precise predictions for the modulations of the signal induced by the Earth's rotation and its orbital revolution around the Sun. We also compare with recent experimental results that might represent the first modern experimental evidence for a preferred frame.
[ { "created": "Tue, 12 Jul 2005 08:41:53 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "de Aragao", "C. M. L.", "" ], [ "Consoli", "M.", "" ], [ "Grillo", "A.", "" ] ]
Models with extra space-time dimensions produce, tipically, a 4D effective theory whose vacuum is not exactly Lorentz invariant but can be considered a physical medium whose refractive index is determined by the gravitational field. This leads to a version of relativity with a preferred frame and to look for experimental tests with the new generation of ether-drift experiments using rotating cryogenic optical resonators. Considering various types of cosmic motion, we formulate precise predictions for the modulations of the signal induced by the Earth's rotation and its orbital revolution around the Sun. We also compare with recent experimental results that might represent the first modern experimental evidence for a preferred frame.
0804.3852
Farook Rahaman
F.Rahaman, M.Kalam and K. A. Rahman
Conical thin shell wormhole from global monopole: A theoretical construction
Some chages have been done
Acta Phys.Polon.B40:1575-1590,2009
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
By applying 'Darmois-Israel formalism', we establish a new class of thin shell wormhole in the context of global monopole resulting from the breaking of a global O(3) symmetry. Since global monopole is asymptotically conical (no longer asymptotically flat), we call it as conical thin shell wormhole. Different characteristics of this conical thin shell wormhole, namely, time evolution of the throat, stability, total amount of exotic matter have been discussed.
[ { "created": "Thu, 24 Apr 2008 06:57:19 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 10 Nov 2008 11:24:53 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2009-07-24
[ [ "Rahaman", "F.", "" ], [ "Kalam", "M.", "" ], [ "Rahman", "K. A.", "" ] ]
By applying 'Darmois-Israel formalism', we establish a new class of thin shell wormhole in the context of global monopole resulting from the breaking of a global O(3) symmetry. Since global monopole is asymptotically conical (no longer asymptotically flat), we call it as conical thin shell wormhole. Different characteristics of this conical thin shell wormhole, namely, time evolution of the throat, stability, total amount of exotic matter have been discussed.
1212.4810
Francois Foucart
Francois Foucart, M. Brett Deaton, Matthew D. Duez, Lawrence E. Kidder, Ilana MacDonald, Christian D. Ott, Harald P. Pfeiffer, Mark A. Scheel, Bela Szilagyi, and Saul A. Teukolsky
Black hole-neutron star mergers at realistic mass ratios: Equation of state and spin orientation effects
25 pages, 16 Figures, updated to match published version
Phys. Rev. D 87, 084006 (2013)
10.1103/PhysRevD.87.084006
null
gr-qc astro-ph.HE
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Black hole-neutron star mergers resulting in the disruption of the neutron star and the formation of an accretion disk and/or the ejection of unbound material are prime candidates for the joint detection of gravitational-wave and electromagnetic signals when the next generation of gravitational-wave detectors comes online. However, the disruption of the neutron star and the properties of the post-merger remnant are very sensitive to the parameters of the binary. In this paper, we study the impact of the radius of the neutron star and the alignment of the black hole spin for systems within the range of mass ratio currently deemed most likely for field binaries (M_BH ~ 7 M_NS) and for black hole spins large enough for the neutron star to disrupt (J/M^2=0.9). We find that: (i) In this regime, the merger is particularly sensitive to the radius of the neutron star, with remnant masses varying from 0.3M_NS to 0.1M_NS for changes of only 2 km in the NS radius; (ii) 0.01-0.05M_sun of unbound material can be ejected with kinetic energy >10^51 ergs, a significant increase compared to low mass ratio, low spin binaries. This ejecta could power detectable optical and radio afterglows. (iii) Only a small fraction (<3%) of the Advanced LIGO events in this parameter range have gravitational-wave signals which could offer constraints on the equation of state of the neutron star. (iv) A misaligned black hole spin works against disk formation, with less neutron star material remaining outside of the black hole after merger, and a larger fraction of that material remaining in the tidal tail instead of the forming accretion disk. (v) Large kicks (v>300 km/s) can be given to the final black hole as a result of a precessing BHNS merger, when the disruption of the neutron star occurs just outside or within the innermost stable spherical orbit.
[ { "created": "Wed, 19 Dec 2012 20:08:25 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 18 Apr 2013 14:51:21 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2013-04-19
[ [ "Foucart", "Francois", "" ], [ "Deaton", "M. Brett", "" ], [ "Duez", "Matthew D.", "" ], [ "Kidder", "Lawrence E.", "" ], [ "MacDonald", "Ilana", "" ], [ "Ott", "Christian D.", "" ], [ "Pfeiffer", "Harald P.", "" ], [ "Scheel", "Mark A.", "" ], [ "Szilagyi", "Bela", "" ], [ "Teukolsky", "Saul A.", "" ] ]
Black hole-neutron star mergers resulting in the disruption of the neutron star and the formation of an accretion disk and/or the ejection of unbound material are prime candidates for the joint detection of gravitational-wave and electromagnetic signals when the next generation of gravitational-wave detectors comes online. However, the disruption of the neutron star and the properties of the post-merger remnant are very sensitive to the parameters of the binary. In this paper, we study the impact of the radius of the neutron star and the alignment of the black hole spin for systems within the range of mass ratio currently deemed most likely for field binaries (M_BH ~ 7 M_NS) and for black hole spins large enough for the neutron star to disrupt (J/M^2=0.9). We find that: (i) In this regime, the merger is particularly sensitive to the radius of the neutron star, with remnant masses varying from 0.3M_NS to 0.1M_NS for changes of only 2 km in the NS radius; (ii) 0.01-0.05M_sun of unbound material can be ejected with kinetic energy >10^51 ergs, a significant increase compared to low mass ratio, low spin binaries. This ejecta could power detectable optical and radio afterglows. (iii) Only a small fraction (<3%) of the Advanced LIGO events in this parameter range have gravitational-wave signals which could offer constraints on the equation of state of the neutron star. (iv) A misaligned black hole spin works against disk formation, with less neutron star material remaining outside of the black hole after merger, and a larger fraction of that material remaining in the tidal tail instead of the forming accretion disk. (v) Large kicks (v>300 km/s) can be given to the final black hole as a result of a precessing BHNS merger, when the disruption of the neutron star occurs just outside or within the innermost stable spherical orbit.
1702.08187
Angela D. V. Di Virgilio dr
Angela D. V. Di Virgilio, Wei-Tou Ni, Wei-Tou Ni, Sperello di Serego Alighieri, Hung-Yi Pu, Sheau-shi Pan
Observational and Experimental Gravity
1 figure, Second LeCosPa Simposium, December 2015, Taipei Taiwan
Everything about Gravity, World Scientific, pp. 341-346, 2016
10.1142/9789813203952_0044
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We indicate the progress of experimental gravity, present an outlook in this field, and summarise the Observational/Experimental Parallel Session together with a related plenary talk on gravitational waves of the 2nd LeCosPA Symposium.
[ { "created": "Mon, 27 Feb 2017 08:34:35 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2017-02-28
[ [ "Di Virgilio", "Angela D. V.", "" ], [ "Ni", "Wei-Tou", "" ], [ "Ni", "Wei-Tou", "" ], [ "Alighieri", "Sperello di Serego", "" ], [ "Pu", "Hung-Yi", "" ], [ "Pan", "Sheau-shi", "" ] ]
We indicate the progress of experimental gravity, present an outlook in this field, and summarise the Observational/Experimental Parallel Session together with a related plenary talk on gravitational waves of the 2nd LeCosPA Symposium.
2309.00205
Mohammad Bagher Jahani Poshteh
Amjad Ashoorioon, Mohammad Bagher Jahani Poshteh, Robert B. Mann
Measuring black hole spin through gravitational lensing of pulsars
6 pages, 1 figure
null
null
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-ph hep-th
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
We put forward a new procedure for measuring the spin of a black hole with unprecedented accuracy based on gravitational lensing of millisecond pulsars. The deflection angle of light increases by increasing the rotation parameter. For primary and secondary images the angular positions are larger for rotating black holes by an amount of the order of microarcseconds. Also, the differential time delay for the case of a rotating black hole is larger than that for the non-rotating case and the difference could be as large as a few seconds. We show that this quantity could help us achieve an extremely precise measurement of the black hole spin, much more accurate than the current and near future achievable estimation of black hole spin through other methods.
[ { "created": "Fri, 1 Sep 2023 01:48:07 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2023-09-04
[ [ "Ashoorioon", "Amjad", "" ], [ "Poshteh", "Mohammad Bagher Jahani", "" ], [ "Mann", "Robert B.", "" ] ]
We put forward a new procedure for measuring the spin of a black hole with unprecedented accuracy based on gravitational lensing of millisecond pulsars. The deflection angle of light increases by increasing the rotation parameter. For primary and secondary images the angular positions are larger for rotating black holes by an amount of the order of microarcseconds. Also, the differential time delay for the case of a rotating black hole is larger than that for the non-rotating case and the difference could be as large as a few seconds. We show that this quantity could help us achieve an extremely precise measurement of the black hole spin, much more accurate than the current and near future achievable estimation of black hole spin through other methods.
1107.2633
Francesca Vidotto
Francesca Vidotto
Many-nodes/many-links spinfoam: the homogeneous and isotropic case
8 pages, 4 figures
Class.QuantumGrav.28:245005,2011
10.1088/0264-9381/28/24/245005
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
I compute the Lorentzian EPRL/FK/KKL spinfoam vertex amplitude for regular graphs, with an arbitrary number of links and nodes, and coherent states peaked on a homogeneous and isotropic geometry. This form of the amplitude can be applied for example to a dipole with an arbitrary number of links or to the 4-simplex given by the compete graph on 5 nodes. All the resulting amplitudes have the same support, independently of the graph used, in the large j (large volume) limit. This implies that they all yield the Friedmann equation: I show this in the presence of the cosmological constant. This result indicates that in the semiclassical limit quantum corrections in spinfoam cosmology do not come from just refining the graph, but rather from relaxing the large j limit.
[ { "created": "Wed, 13 Jul 2011 19:18:34 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 14 Jul 2011 14:57:46 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Thu, 13 Oct 2011 11:47:34 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2012-05-22
[ [ "Vidotto", "Francesca", "" ] ]
I compute the Lorentzian EPRL/FK/KKL spinfoam vertex amplitude for regular graphs, with an arbitrary number of links and nodes, and coherent states peaked on a homogeneous and isotropic geometry. This form of the amplitude can be applied for example to a dipole with an arbitrary number of links or to the 4-simplex given by the compete graph on 5 nodes. All the resulting amplitudes have the same support, independently of the graph used, in the large j (large volume) limit. This implies that they all yield the Friedmann equation: I show this in the presence of the cosmological constant. This result indicates that in the semiclassical limit quantum corrections in spinfoam cosmology do not come from just refining the graph, but rather from relaxing the large j limit.
0906.2617
Israel Quiros
Israel Quiros, Tame Gonzalez, Dania Gonzalez, Yunelsy Napoles, Ricardo Garcia-Salcedo and Claudia Moreno
Study Of Tachyon Dynamics For Broad Classes of Potentials
13 pages, latex, 4 eps figures. Title changed, authors added, motivation rewritten, discussion improved, references added. To match the published version
Class.Quant.Grav.27:215021,2010
10.1088/0264-9381/27/21/215021
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-ph
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We investigate in detail the asymptotic properties of tachyon cosmology for a broad class of self-interaction potentials. The present approach relies in an appropriate re-definition of the tachyon field, which, in conjunction with a method formerly applied in the bibliography in a different context, allows to generalize the dynamical systems study of tachyon cosmology to a wider class of self-interaction potentials beyond the (inverse) square-law one. It is revealed that independent of the functional form of the potential, the matter-dominated solution and the ultra-relativistic (also matter-dominated) solution, are always associated with equilibrium points in the phase space of the tachyon models. The latter is always the past attractor, while the former is a saddle critical point. For inverse power-law potentials $V\propto\phi^{-2\lambda}$ the late-time attractor is always the de Sitter solution, while for sinh-like potentials $V\propto\sinh^{-\alpha}(\lambda\phi)$, depending on the region of parameter space, the late-time attractor can be either the inflationary tachyon-dominated solution or the matter-scaling (also inflationary) phase. In general, for most part of known quintessential potentials, the late-time dynamics will be associated either with de Sitter inflation, or with matter-scaling, or with scalar field-dominated solutions.
[ { "created": "Mon, 15 Jun 2009 12:45:21 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 2 Dec 2009 20:04:07 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Tue, 13 Apr 2010 14:45:36 GMT", "version": "v3" }, { "created": "Tue, 12 Oct 2010 20:03:57 GMT", "version": "v4" } ]
2011-03-28
[ [ "Quiros", "Israel", "" ], [ "Gonzalez", "Tame", "" ], [ "Gonzalez", "Dania", "" ], [ "Napoles", "Yunelsy", "" ], [ "Garcia-Salcedo", "Ricardo", "" ], [ "Moreno", "Claudia", "" ] ]
We investigate in detail the asymptotic properties of tachyon cosmology for a broad class of self-interaction potentials. The present approach relies in an appropriate re-definition of the tachyon field, which, in conjunction with a method formerly applied in the bibliography in a different context, allows to generalize the dynamical systems study of tachyon cosmology to a wider class of self-interaction potentials beyond the (inverse) square-law one. It is revealed that independent of the functional form of the potential, the matter-dominated solution and the ultra-relativistic (also matter-dominated) solution, are always associated with equilibrium points in the phase space of the tachyon models. The latter is always the past attractor, while the former is a saddle critical point. For inverse power-law potentials $V\propto\phi^{-2\lambda}$ the late-time attractor is always the de Sitter solution, while for sinh-like potentials $V\propto\sinh^{-\alpha}(\lambda\phi)$, depending on the region of parameter space, the late-time attractor can be either the inflationary tachyon-dominated solution or the matter-scaling (also inflationary) phase. In general, for most part of known quintessential potentials, the late-time dynamics will be associated either with de Sitter inflation, or with matter-scaling, or with scalar field-dominated solutions.
2212.11798
Marc Mars
Piotr T. Chru\'sciel and Marc Mars
Analyticity of stationary spacetimes from maximal hypersurfaces
11 pages, no figures
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The standard method of proving analyticity of stationary vacuum metrics invokes the quotient-space version of Einstein equations. We verify that the same conclusion can be obtained using the KID equations on maximal surfaces.
[ { "created": "Thu, 22 Dec 2022 15:27:59 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2022-12-23
[ [ "Chruściel", "Piotr T.", "" ], [ "Mars", "Marc", "" ] ]
The standard method of proving analyticity of stationary vacuum metrics invokes the quotient-space version of Einstein equations. We verify that the same conclusion can be obtained using the KID equations on maximal surfaces.
1812.00384
Wan Cong Ms
Niloofar Abbasvandi, Wan Cong, David Kubiznak, Robert B. Mann
Snapping swallowtails in accelerating black hole thermodynamics
18 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in Classical and Quantum Gravity
null
10.1088/1361-6382/ab129f
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The thermodynamic behaviour of a charged and accelerating AdS black hole is studied in the context of extended phase space with variable cosmological constant. When compared to the charged AdS black hole without acceleration, a remarkable new feature of `snapping swallowtails' appears. Namely, for any black hole with charge $Q$ and any string tension $\mu$ causing the acceleration of the black hole, there exists a transition pressure $P_t=3\mu^2/(8\pi Q^2)$ at which the standard swallowtail `snaps', causing the branch of low temperature black holes to completely disappear, leading to a pressure induced zeroth order phase transition between small and large black holes. For intermediate values of the string tension, we also observe a reentrant phase transition, as the small black hole changes to a large one and then back to small, as the pressure decreases, crossing the coexistence line of the two phases several times. We also find a new class of `mini-entropic' black holes, whose isoperimetric ratio becomes unbounded in a certain region of parameter space.
[ { "created": "Sun, 2 Dec 2018 13:03:06 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 25 Mar 2019 00:52:20 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2019-05-22
[ [ "Abbasvandi", "Niloofar", "" ], [ "Cong", "Wan", "" ], [ "Kubiznak", "David", "" ], [ "Mann", "Robert B.", "" ] ]
The thermodynamic behaviour of a charged and accelerating AdS black hole is studied in the context of extended phase space with variable cosmological constant. When compared to the charged AdS black hole without acceleration, a remarkable new feature of `snapping swallowtails' appears. Namely, for any black hole with charge $Q$ and any string tension $\mu$ causing the acceleration of the black hole, there exists a transition pressure $P_t=3\mu^2/(8\pi Q^2)$ at which the standard swallowtail `snaps', causing the branch of low temperature black holes to completely disappear, leading to a pressure induced zeroth order phase transition between small and large black holes. For intermediate values of the string tension, we also observe a reentrant phase transition, as the small black hole changes to a large one and then back to small, as the pressure decreases, crossing the coexistence line of the two phases several times. We also find a new class of `mini-entropic' black holes, whose isoperimetric ratio becomes unbounded in a certain region of parameter space.
1701.06900
Tahir Hussain
Tahir Hussain, Sumaira Saleem Akhtar and Fawad Khan
Classification of LRS Bianchi type I Spacetimes via Conformal Ricci Collineations
24 pages
null
10.1142/S0219887818500068
null
gr-qc math-ph math.MP
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this paper, we present a complete classification of Locally Rotationally Symmetric (LRS) Bianchi type I spacetimes according to their Conformal Ricci Collineations (CRCs). When the Ricci tensor is non-degenerate, a general form of the vector field generating CRCs is found, subject to some integrability conditions. Solving the integrability conditions in different cases, it is found that the LRS Bianchi type I spacetimes admit 7, 10, 11 or 15- dimensional Lie algebra of CRCs for the choice of non-degenerate Ricci tensor. Moreover, it is found that these spacetimes admit infinite number of CRCs when the Ricci tensor is degenerate. Some examples of perfect fluid LRS Bianchi type I spacetime metrics are provided admitting non trivial CRCs.
[ { "created": "Thu, 19 Jan 2017 11:58:08 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2018-01-10
[ [ "Hussain", "Tahir", "" ], [ "Akhtar", "Sumaira Saleem", "" ], [ "Khan", "Fawad", "" ] ]
In this paper, we present a complete classification of Locally Rotationally Symmetric (LRS) Bianchi type I spacetimes according to their Conformal Ricci Collineations (CRCs). When the Ricci tensor is non-degenerate, a general form of the vector field generating CRCs is found, subject to some integrability conditions. Solving the integrability conditions in different cases, it is found that the LRS Bianchi type I spacetimes admit 7, 10, 11 or 15- dimensional Lie algebra of CRCs for the choice of non-degenerate Ricci tensor. Moreover, it is found that these spacetimes admit infinite number of CRCs when the Ricci tensor is degenerate. Some examples of perfect fluid LRS Bianchi type I spacetime metrics are provided admitting non trivial CRCs.
1412.6837
Giulio D'Odorico
Alessandro Codello and Giulio D'Odorico
Scaling and Renormalization in two dimensional Quantum Gravity
39 pages
Phys. Rev. D 92, 024026 (2015)
10.1103/PhysRevD.92.024026
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study scaling and renormalization in two dimensional quantum gravity in a covariant framework. After reviewing the definition of a proper path integral measure, we use scaling arguments to rederive the KPZ relations, the fractal dimension of the theory and the scaling of the reparametrization-invariant two point function. Then we compute the scaling exponents entering in this relations by means of the functional RG. We show that a key ingredient to obtain the correct results already known from Liouville theory is the use of the exponential parametrization for metric fluctuations. We also show that with this parametrization we can recover the correct finite part of the effective action as the $\epsilon \to 0$ continuation of gravity in $d=2+\epsilon$ dimensions.
[ { "created": "Sun, 21 Dec 2014 21:34:33 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 6 Feb 2015 20:09:07 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2015-07-22
[ [ "Codello", "Alessandro", "" ], [ "D'Odorico", "Giulio", "" ] ]
We study scaling and renormalization in two dimensional quantum gravity in a covariant framework. After reviewing the definition of a proper path integral measure, we use scaling arguments to rederive the KPZ relations, the fractal dimension of the theory and the scaling of the reparametrization-invariant two point function. Then we compute the scaling exponents entering in this relations by means of the functional RG. We show that a key ingredient to obtain the correct results already known from Liouville theory is the use of the exponential parametrization for metric fluctuations. We also show that with this parametrization we can recover the correct finite part of the effective action as the $\epsilon \to 0$ continuation of gravity in $d=2+\epsilon$ dimensions.
1605.01271
Rogerio Cavalcanti Teixeira
R. T. Cavalcanti, A. Goncalves da Silva and Roldao da Rocha
Strong Deflection Limit Lensing Effects in the Minimal Geometric Deformation and Casadio-Fabbri-Mazzacurati Solutions
null
Class. Quantum Grav. 33 (2016) 215007
10.1088/0264-9381/33/21/215007
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this paper we apply the strong deflection limit approach to investigate the gravitational lensing phenomena beyond general relativity. This is accomplished by considering the lensing effects related to black hole solutions that emerge out of the domain of Einstein gravity, namely, the ones acquired from the method of geometric deformation and the Casadio-Fabbri-Mazzacurati brane-world black holes. The lensing observables, for those brane-world black hole metrics, are compared with the standard ones for the Schwarzschild case. We prove that brane-world black holes could have significantly different observational signatures, compared to the Schwarzschild black hole, with terms containing the post-Newtonian parameter, for the case of the Casadio-Fabbri-Mazzacurati, and terms with variable brane-world tension, for the method of geometric deformation.
[ { "created": "Tue, 3 May 2016 00:44:39 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 12 Oct 2016 17:38:22 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2016-10-13
[ [ "Cavalcanti", "R. T.", "" ], [ "da Silva", "A. Goncalves", "" ], [ "da Rocha", "Roldao", "" ] ]
In this paper we apply the strong deflection limit approach to investigate the gravitational lensing phenomena beyond general relativity. This is accomplished by considering the lensing effects related to black hole solutions that emerge out of the domain of Einstein gravity, namely, the ones acquired from the method of geometric deformation and the Casadio-Fabbri-Mazzacurati brane-world black holes. The lensing observables, for those brane-world black hole metrics, are compared with the standard ones for the Schwarzschild case. We prove that brane-world black holes could have significantly different observational signatures, compared to the Schwarzschild black hole, with terms containing the post-Newtonian parameter, for the case of the Casadio-Fabbri-Mazzacurati, and terms with variable brane-world tension, for the method of geometric deformation.
1005.2205
Peter Dunsby
Peter K. S. Dunsby, Emilio Elizalde, Rituparno Goswami, Sergei Odintsov and Diego Saez-Gomez
On the LCDM Universe in f(R) gravity
7 pages, accepted for publication in PRD
Phys.Rev.D82:023519,2010
10.1103/PhysRevD.82.023519
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Several different explicit reconstructions of f(R) gravity are obtained from the background FRW expansion history. It is shown that the only theory whose Lagrangian is a simple function of the Ricci scalar R, that admits an exact LCDM expansion history is standard General Relativity with a positive cosmological constant and the only way to obtain this behaviour of the scale factor for more general functions of R is to add additional degrees of freedom to the matter sector.
[ { "created": "Wed, 12 May 2010 20:52:46 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 17 May 2010 19:29:28 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Wed, 7 Jul 2010 13:59:28 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2014-11-21
[ [ "Dunsby", "Peter K. S.", "" ], [ "Elizalde", "Emilio", "" ], [ "Goswami", "Rituparno", "" ], [ "Odintsov", "Sergei", "" ], [ "Saez-Gomez", "Diego", "" ] ]
Several different explicit reconstructions of f(R) gravity are obtained from the background FRW expansion history. It is shown that the only theory whose Lagrangian is a simple function of the Ricci scalar R, that admits an exact LCDM expansion history is standard General Relativity with a positive cosmological constant and the only way to obtain this behaviour of the scale factor for more general functions of R is to add additional degrees of freedom to the matter sector.
1611.06025
Wei-Tou Ni
Wei-Tou Ni
Solar-system tests of the relativistic gravity
30 pages, 3 tables, Chapter 8 in One Hundred Years of General Relativity: From Genesis and Empirical Foundations to Gravitational Waves, Cosmology and Quantum Gravity, ed. W.-T. Ni (World Scientific, Singapore, 2016); matches the published version of IJMPD. This article is an 11-year update of the solar-system tests part of arXiv:gr-qc/0504116 on Empirical Foundations of Relativistic Gravity
International Journal of Modern Physics D, Vol. 25, No. 14 (2016) 1630003 (36 pages)
10.1142/S0218271816300032
null
gr-qc astro-ph.EP astro-ph.SR
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In 1859, Le Verrier discovered the Mercury perihelion advance anomaly. This anomaly turned out to be the first relativistic-gravity effect observed. During the 157 years to 2016, the precisions and accuracies of laboratory and space experiments, and of astrophysical and cosmological observations on relativistic gravity have been improved by 3-4 orders of magnitude. The improvements have been mainly from optical observations at first followed by radio observations. The achievements for the past 50 years are from radio Doppler tracking and radio ranging together with lunar laser ranging. At the present, the radio observations and lunar laser ranging experiments are similar in the accuracy of testing relativistic gravity. We review and summarize the present status of solar-system tests of relativistic gravity. With planetary laser ranging, spacecraft laser ranging and interferometric laser ranging (laser Doppler ranging) together with the development of drag-free technology, the optical observations will improve the accuracies by another 3-4 orders of magnitude in both the equivalence principle tests and solar-system dynamics tests of relativistic gravity. Clock tests and atomic interferometry tests of relativistic gravity will reach an ever-increasing precision. These will give crucial clues in both experimental and theoretical aspects of gravity, and may lead to answers to some profound issues in gravity and cosmology.
[ { "created": "Fri, 18 Nov 2016 10:00:55 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sun, 25 Dec 2016 07:47:27 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2016-12-28
[ [ "Ni", "Wei-Tou", "" ] ]
In 1859, Le Verrier discovered the Mercury perihelion advance anomaly. This anomaly turned out to be the first relativistic-gravity effect observed. During the 157 years to 2016, the precisions and accuracies of laboratory and space experiments, and of astrophysical and cosmological observations on relativistic gravity have been improved by 3-4 orders of magnitude. The improvements have been mainly from optical observations at first followed by radio observations. The achievements for the past 50 years are from radio Doppler tracking and radio ranging together with lunar laser ranging. At the present, the radio observations and lunar laser ranging experiments are similar in the accuracy of testing relativistic gravity. We review and summarize the present status of solar-system tests of relativistic gravity. With planetary laser ranging, spacecraft laser ranging and interferometric laser ranging (laser Doppler ranging) together with the development of drag-free technology, the optical observations will improve the accuracies by another 3-4 orders of magnitude in both the equivalence principle tests and solar-system dynamics tests of relativistic gravity. Clock tests and atomic interferometry tests of relativistic gravity will reach an ever-increasing precision. These will give crucial clues in both experimental and theoretical aspects of gravity, and may lead to answers to some profound issues in gravity and cosmology.
1002.1172
Martin Reiris
Martin Reiris
Stationary solutions and asymptotic flatness I
The original submission was revised and divided in two: Stationary solutions and asymptotic flatness I & Stationary solutions and asymptotic flatness II
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this article and its sequel we discuss the asymptotic structure of space-times representing isolated bodies in General Relativity. Such space-times are usually required to be asymptotically flat (AF), and thus to have a prescribed type of asymptotic. Despite all the "reasonable" that the requirement is, it seems to be against the spirit of General Relativity where the global structure of the space-time should be also considered as a variable. It is shown here that, even eliminating from the definition any a priori reference or assumption about the asymptotic, the space-times of isolated bodies are unavoidably and a posteriori AF. In precise terms, between the two articles it is proved that any vacuum strictly stationary space-time end whose (quotient) manifold is diffeomorphic to R^3 minus a ball and whose Killing field has its norm bounded away from zero is necessarily AF with Schwarzschidian fall off. The "excised" ball would contain (if any) the actual material body, but this information or any other is not necessary to reach the conclusion. Physical and mathematical implications are also discussed.
[ { "created": "Fri, 5 Feb 2010 09:52:47 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 2 Nov 2011 19:56:13 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Tue, 1 Oct 2013 14:49:47 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2013-10-02
[ [ "Reiris", "Martin", "" ] ]
In this article and its sequel we discuss the asymptotic structure of space-times representing isolated bodies in General Relativity. Such space-times are usually required to be asymptotically flat (AF), and thus to have a prescribed type of asymptotic. Despite all the "reasonable" that the requirement is, it seems to be against the spirit of General Relativity where the global structure of the space-time should be also considered as a variable. It is shown here that, even eliminating from the definition any a priori reference or assumption about the asymptotic, the space-times of isolated bodies are unavoidably and a posteriori AF. In precise terms, between the two articles it is proved that any vacuum strictly stationary space-time end whose (quotient) manifold is diffeomorphic to R^3 minus a ball and whose Killing field has its norm bounded away from zero is necessarily AF with Schwarzschidian fall off. The "excised" ball would contain (if any) the actual material body, but this information or any other is not necessary to reach the conclusion. Physical and mathematical implications are also discussed.
1907.01269
Prado Martin-Moruno
Prado Mart\'in-Moruno, Matt Visser
The type III stress-energy tensor: Ugly Duckling of the Hawking-Ellis classification
V3: 6 references added, some clarifications included, changes in notation, no physics changes, matches published version. V2: 1 reference added. V1: 23 pages
null
10.1088/1361-6382/ab56f6
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We present some advances in the understanding of type III stress-energy tensors as per the Hawking-Ellis classification. Type I and type II naturally appear in classical situations, and can also describe semiclassical effects. Type IV often shows up in semiclassical gravity. Type III is much more subtle. We focus our attention on type III$_0$ stress-energy tensors, which capture the essence ("essential core") of type III. Reflecting on known purely phenomenological examples, ("gyratons"), we are able to generalize the geometry generated by those type III$_0$ stress-energy tensors. Moreover, we also succeed in extending work by Griffiths based on massless Weyl spinors by finding a fundamental classical bosonic Lagrangian description of these type III$_0$ stress-energy tensors. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time in the literature that a consistent classical bosonic Lagrangian formulation for type III$_0$ stress-energy has been found.
[ { "created": "Tue, 2 Jul 2019 10:01:24 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 16 Jul 2019 07:24:03 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Wed, 13 Nov 2019 10:11:54 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2019-11-14
[ [ "Martín-Moruno", "Prado", "" ], [ "Visser", "Matt", "" ] ]
We present some advances in the understanding of type III stress-energy tensors as per the Hawking-Ellis classification. Type I and type II naturally appear in classical situations, and can also describe semiclassical effects. Type IV often shows up in semiclassical gravity. Type III is much more subtle. We focus our attention on type III$_0$ stress-energy tensors, which capture the essence ("essential core") of type III. Reflecting on known purely phenomenological examples, ("gyratons"), we are able to generalize the geometry generated by those type III$_0$ stress-energy tensors. Moreover, we also succeed in extending work by Griffiths based on massless Weyl spinors by finding a fundamental classical bosonic Lagrangian description of these type III$_0$ stress-energy tensors. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time in the literature that a consistent classical bosonic Lagrangian formulation for type III$_0$ stress-energy has been found.
gr-qc/0301046
Dzhunushaliev Vladimir
V. Dzhunushaliev
$\Delta-$string - a hybrid between wormhole and string
5 pages, LATEX
Gen.Rel.Grav. 35 (2003) 1481-1488
10.1023/A:1024542903983
null
gr-qc hep-th
null
The flux tube solutions in 5D Kaluza-Klein theory can be considered as a string-like object - $\Delta-$string. The initial 5D metric can be reduced to some inner degrees of freedom living on the $\Delta-$string. The propagation of electromagnetic waves through the $\Delta-$string is considered. It is shown that the difference between $\Delta$ and ordinary strings are connected with the fact that for the $\Delta-$string such limitations as critical dimensions are missing.
[ { "created": "Tue, 14 Jan 2003 04:19:13 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-06-25
[ [ "Dzhunushaliev", "V.", "" ] ]
The flux tube solutions in 5D Kaluza-Klein theory can be considered as a string-like object - $\Delta-$string. The initial 5D metric can be reduced to some inner degrees of freedom living on the $\Delta-$string. The propagation of electromagnetic waves through the $\Delta-$string is considered. It is shown that the difference between $\Delta$ and ordinary strings are connected with the fact that for the $\Delta-$string such limitations as critical dimensions are missing.
0707.0368
Salvatore Capozziello
S. Capozziello, Ch. Corda, M De Laurentis
Stochastic background of relic scalar gravitational waves from scalar-tensor gravity
7 pages, 1 figure
Mod.Phys.Lett.A22:2647-2655,2007
10.1142/S021773230702573X
null
gr-qc
null
A stochastic background of relic gravitational waves is achieved by the so called adiabatically-amplified zero-point fluctuations process derived from early inflation. In principle, it provides a distinctive spectrum of relic gravitational waves. In the framework of scalar-tensor gravity, we discuss the scalar modes of gravitational waves and the primordial production of this scalar component which is generated beside tensorial one. We discuss also the upper limit for such a relic scalar component with respect to the WMAP constraints.
[ { "created": "Tue, 3 Jul 2007 09:11:09 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2008-11-26
[ [ "Capozziello", "S.", "" ], [ "Corda", "Ch.", "" ], [ "De Laurentis", "M", "" ] ]
A stochastic background of relic gravitational waves is achieved by the so called adiabatically-amplified zero-point fluctuations process derived from early inflation. In principle, it provides a distinctive spectrum of relic gravitational waves. In the framework of scalar-tensor gravity, we discuss the scalar modes of gravitational waves and the primordial production of this scalar component which is generated beside tensorial one. We discuss also the upper limit for such a relic scalar component with respect to the WMAP constraints.
1311.7137
Carlos Molina Mendes
C. Molina
Deformations of the vacuum solutions of general relativity subjected to linear constraints
4 pages
Phys. Rev. D 88, 127501 (2013)
10.1103/PhysRevD.88.127501
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The problem of deforming geometries is particularly important in the context of constructing new exact solutions of Einstein's equation. This issue often appears when extensions of the general relativity are treated, for instance in brane world scenarios. In this paper we investigate spacetimes in which the energy-momentum tensor obeys a linear constraint. Extensions of the usual vacuum and electrovacuum solutions of general relativity are derived and an exact solution is presented. The classes of geometries obtained include a wide variety of compact objects, among them black holes and wormholes. The general metric derived in this work generalizes several solutions already published in the literature. Perturbations around the exact solution are also considered.
[ { "created": "Wed, 27 Nov 2013 12:15:13 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 9 Apr 2014 21:27:24 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2014-04-11
[ [ "Molina", "C.", "" ] ]
The problem of deforming geometries is particularly important in the context of constructing new exact solutions of Einstein's equation. This issue often appears when extensions of the general relativity are treated, for instance in brane world scenarios. In this paper we investigate spacetimes in which the energy-momentum tensor obeys a linear constraint. Extensions of the usual vacuum and electrovacuum solutions of general relativity are derived and an exact solution is presented. The classes of geometries obtained include a wide variety of compact objects, among them black holes and wormholes. The general metric derived in this work generalizes several solutions already published in the literature. Perturbations around the exact solution are also considered.
1904.05112
Oliver J. Tattersall
Oliver J. Tattersall, Pedro G. Ferreira
Forecasts for Low Spin Black Hole Spectroscopy in Horndeski Gravity
Updated to match published version
Phys. Rev. D 99, 104082 (2019)
10.1103/PhysRevD.99.104082
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We investigate the prospect of using black hole spectroscopy to constrain the parameters of Horndeski gravity through observations of gravitational waves from perturbed black holes. We study the gravitational waves emitted during ringdown from black holes without hair in Horndeski gravity, demonstrating the qualitative differences between such emission in General Relativity and Horndeski theory. In particular, Quasi-Normal Mode frequencies associated with the scalar field spectrum can appear in the emitted gravitational radiation. Analytic expressions for error estimates for both the black hole and Horndeski parameters are calculated using a Fisher Matrix approach, with constraints on the `effective mass' of the Horndeski scalar field of order $\sim 10^{-17}$eV$c^{-2}$ or tighter being shown to be achievable in some scenarios. Estimates for the minimum signal-noise-ratio required to observe such a signal are also presented.
[ { "created": "Wed, 10 Apr 2019 11:30:39 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 13 May 2019 12:47:37 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Mon, 17 Jun 2019 11:59:11 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2019-06-18
[ [ "Tattersall", "Oliver J.", "" ], [ "Ferreira", "Pedro G.", "" ] ]
We investigate the prospect of using black hole spectroscopy to constrain the parameters of Horndeski gravity through observations of gravitational waves from perturbed black holes. We study the gravitational waves emitted during ringdown from black holes without hair in Horndeski gravity, demonstrating the qualitative differences between such emission in General Relativity and Horndeski theory. In particular, Quasi-Normal Mode frequencies associated with the scalar field spectrum can appear in the emitted gravitational radiation. Analytic expressions for error estimates for both the black hole and Horndeski parameters are calculated using a Fisher Matrix approach, with constraints on the `effective mass' of the Horndeski scalar field of order $\sim 10^{-17}$eV$c^{-2}$ or tighter being shown to be achievable in some scenarios. Estimates for the minimum signal-noise-ratio required to observe such a signal are also presented.
1507.02306
Carlos Hidalgo
Roberto A. Sussman and I. Delgado Gaspar and Juan Carlos Hidalgo
Coarse-grained description of cosmic structure from Szekeres models
V3: Discussion of the expansion eigenvalues and of the Zeldovich approximation added. Figures modified accordingly. References updated. Version accepted for publication in JCAP
null
10.1088/1475-7516/2016/03/012
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We show that the full dynamical freedom of the well known Szekeres models allows for the description of elaborated 3--dimensional networks of cold dark matter structures (over--densities and/or density voids) undergoing "pancake" collapse. By reducing Einstein's field equations to a set of evolution equations, which themselves reduce in the linear limit to evolution equations for linear perturbations, we determine the dynamics of such structures, with the spatial comoving location of each structure uniquely specified by standard early Universe initial conditions. By means of a representative example we examine in detail the density contrast, the Hubble flow and peculiar velocities of structures that evolved, from linear initial data at the last scattering surface, to fully non--linear 10--20 Mpc. scale configurations today. To motivate further research, we provide a qualitative discussion on the connection of Szekeres models with linear perturbations and the pancake collapse of the Zeldovich approximation. This type of structure modelling provides a coarse grained -- but fully relativistic non--linear and non--perturbative -- description of evolving large scale cosmic structures before their virialisation, and as such it has an enormous potential for applications in cosmological research.
[ { "created": "Wed, 8 Jul 2015 20:46:43 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 24 Nov 2015 19:22:35 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Thu, 11 Feb 2016 23:43:54 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2016-03-23
[ [ "Sussman", "Roberto A.", "" ], [ "Gaspar", "I. Delgado", "" ], [ "Hidalgo", "Juan Carlos", "" ] ]
We show that the full dynamical freedom of the well known Szekeres models allows for the description of elaborated 3--dimensional networks of cold dark matter structures (over--densities and/or density voids) undergoing "pancake" collapse. By reducing Einstein's field equations to a set of evolution equations, which themselves reduce in the linear limit to evolution equations for linear perturbations, we determine the dynamics of such structures, with the spatial comoving location of each structure uniquely specified by standard early Universe initial conditions. By means of a representative example we examine in detail the density contrast, the Hubble flow and peculiar velocities of structures that evolved, from linear initial data at the last scattering surface, to fully non--linear 10--20 Mpc. scale configurations today. To motivate further research, we provide a qualitative discussion on the connection of Szekeres models with linear perturbations and the pancake collapse of the Zeldovich approximation. This type of structure modelling provides a coarse grained -- but fully relativistic non--linear and non--perturbative -- description of evolving large scale cosmic structures before their virialisation, and as such it has an enormous potential for applications in cosmological research.
2205.12531
Hee-Suk Cho
Hee-Suk Cho
Systematic bias due to eccentricity in parameter estimation for merging binary neutron stars
16 pages, 18 figures, version published in PRD
Phys. Rev. D 105, 124022 (2022)
10.1103/PhysRevD.105.124022
null
gr-qc
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
We study the impact of eccentricity on gravitational-wave parameter estimation for binary neutron star systems. For signals with small eccentricity injected into the advanced LIGO sensitivity, we perform Bayesian parameter estimation using the circular waveform model and show how the recovered parameters can be biased from their true values, focusing on the intrinsic parameters the chirp mass ($M_c$), the symmetric mass ratio ($\eta$), and the tidal deformability ($\tilde{\lambda}$). By comparing the results between the Bayesian and the analytic Fisher-Cutler-Vallisneri (FCV) methods, we obtain the valid criteria for the FCV approach. Employing the FCV method and using the realistic population of binary neutron star sources distributed in the $m_1$-$m_2$-$e_0$ space, where $e_0$ indicates the eccentricity at 10Hz, we calculate the measurement errors ($\sigma_{\theta}$) and the systematic biases ($\Delta \theta/\sigma_{\theta}$) and obtain their generalized distributions in the range of $0 \leq e_0 \leq 0.025$. We find that for all of the three parameters, the biases increase with increasing $e_0$, and this increase is faster for larger $e_0$. The bias is mainly dependent on the value of $e_0$ and weakly dependent on the component masses, and thus the distribution shows a narrow band in the $e_0$-$\Delta \theta/\sigma_{\theta}$ plane. We present various posterior examples to illustrate our new findings, such as the bimodality of posteriors. In particular, we give a specific injection-recovery example to demonstrate the importance of including eccentricity in parameter estimation to avoid incorrect predictions of the neutron star equation of state.
[ { "created": "Wed, 25 May 2022 06:55:59 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 10 Jun 2022 14:48:19 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2022-06-13
[ [ "Cho", "Hee-Suk", "" ] ]
We study the impact of eccentricity on gravitational-wave parameter estimation for binary neutron star systems. For signals with small eccentricity injected into the advanced LIGO sensitivity, we perform Bayesian parameter estimation using the circular waveform model and show how the recovered parameters can be biased from their true values, focusing on the intrinsic parameters the chirp mass ($M_c$), the symmetric mass ratio ($\eta$), and the tidal deformability ($\tilde{\lambda}$). By comparing the results between the Bayesian and the analytic Fisher-Cutler-Vallisneri (FCV) methods, we obtain the valid criteria for the FCV approach. Employing the FCV method and using the realistic population of binary neutron star sources distributed in the $m_1$-$m_2$-$e_0$ space, where $e_0$ indicates the eccentricity at 10Hz, we calculate the measurement errors ($\sigma_{\theta}$) and the systematic biases ($\Delta \theta/\sigma_{\theta}$) and obtain their generalized distributions in the range of $0 \leq e_0 \leq 0.025$. We find that for all of the three parameters, the biases increase with increasing $e_0$, and this increase is faster for larger $e_0$. The bias is mainly dependent on the value of $e_0$ and weakly dependent on the component masses, and thus the distribution shows a narrow band in the $e_0$-$\Delta \theta/\sigma_{\theta}$ plane. We present various posterior examples to illustrate our new findings, such as the bimodality of posteriors. In particular, we give a specific injection-recovery example to demonstrate the importance of including eccentricity in parameter estimation to avoid incorrect predictions of the neutron star equation of state.
gr-qc/0012037
Christian Heinicke
Christian Heinicke
The Einstein 3-form G_a and its equivalent 1-form L_a in Riemann-Cartan space
LaTeX, 13 Pages. To appear in Gen. Rel. Grav
Gen.Rel.Grav. 33 (2001) 1115-1130
10.1023/A:1010236517022
null
gr-qc
null
The definition of the Einstein 3-form G_a is motivated by means of the contracted 2nd Bianchi identity. This definition involves at first the complete curvature 2-form. The 1-form L_a is defined via G_a = L^b \wedge #(o_b \wedge o_a). Here # denotes the Hodge-star, o_a the coframe, and \wedge the exterior product. The L_a is equivalent to the Einstein 3-form and represents a certain contraction of the curvature 2-form. A variational formula of Salgado on quadratic invariants of the L_a 1-form is discussed, generalized, and put into proper perspective.
[ { "created": "Mon, 11 Dec 2000 12:37:31 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-06-25
[ [ "Heinicke", "Christian", "" ] ]
The definition of the Einstein 3-form G_a is motivated by means of the contracted 2nd Bianchi identity. This definition involves at first the complete curvature 2-form. The 1-form L_a is defined via G_a = L^b \wedge #(o_b \wedge o_a). Here # denotes the Hodge-star, o_a the coframe, and \wedge the exterior product. The L_a is equivalent to the Einstein 3-form and represents a certain contraction of the curvature 2-form. A variational formula of Salgado on quadratic invariants of the L_a 1-form is discussed, generalized, and put into proper perspective.
2305.07742
Tobias Mistele
Tobias Mistele
A new scale in the quasi-static limit of Aether Scalar Tensor Theory
16 pages, 6 figures; accepted for publication in PRD
null
null
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO astro-ph.GA
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
One of the aims of Aether Scalar Tensor Theory (AeST) is to reproduce the successes of Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) on galactic scales. Indeed, the quasi-static limit of AeST achieves precisely this, assuming that the vector field $\vec{A}$ vanishes and that the so-called ghost condensate can be neglected. The effects of the ghost condensate were investigated in detail in previous studies. Here, we focus on the assumption of a vanishing vector field. We argue that this assumption is not always justified and show how to correctly take into account the vector field, finding that the quasi-static limit depends on a model parameter $m_\times$. In the limit $m_\times \to 0$, one recovers the quasi-static limit with a vanishing vector field. In particular, one finds a two-field version of MOND. In the opposite limit, $m_\times \to \infty$, one finds a single-field version of MOND. We show that, in practice, much of the phenomenology of the quasi-static limit depends only very little on the value of $m_\times$. Still, for some observational tests, such as those involving wide binaries, $m_\times$ has percent-level effects that may be important.
[ { "created": "Fri, 12 May 2023 19:55:45 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 23 Jun 2023 18:51:35 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Fri, 21 Jun 2024 16:22:15 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2024-06-24
[ [ "Mistele", "Tobias", "" ] ]
One of the aims of Aether Scalar Tensor Theory (AeST) is to reproduce the successes of Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) on galactic scales. Indeed, the quasi-static limit of AeST achieves precisely this, assuming that the vector field $\vec{A}$ vanishes and that the so-called ghost condensate can be neglected. The effects of the ghost condensate were investigated in detail in previous studies. Here, we focus on the assumption of a vanishing vector field. We argue that this assumption is not always justified and show how to correctly take into account the vector field, finding that the quasi-static limit depends on a model parameter $m_\times$. In the limit $m_\times \to 0$, one recovers the quasi-static limit with a vanishing vector field. In particular, one finds a two-field version of MOND. In the opposite limit, $m_\times \to \infty$, one finds a single-field version of MOND. We show that, in practice, much of the phenomenology of the quasi-static limit depends only very little on the value of $m_\times$. Still, for some observational tests, such as those involving wide binaries, $m_\times$ has percent-level effects that may be important.
0802.3629
Sigbjorn Hervik
A. Coley and S. Hervik
Bianchi models with vorticity: The type III bifurcation
12 pages
Class. Quantum Grav. 25 (2008) 198001
10.1088/0264-9381/25/19/198001
null
gr-qc astro-ph math-ph math.MP
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study the late-time behaviour of tilted perfect fluid Bianchi type III models using a dynamical systems approach. We consider models with dust, and perfect fluids stiffer than dust, and eludicate the late-time behaviour by studying the centre manifold which dominates the behaviour of the model at late times. In the dust case, this centre manifold is 3-dimensional and can be considered as a double bifurcation as the 2 parameters ($h$ and $\gamma$) of the type VI$_h$ model are varied. We calculate the decay rates and show that for dust or stiffer the models approach a vacuum spacetime, however, it does so rather slowly: $\rho/H^2\sim 1/\ln t$.
[ { "created": "Mon, 25 Feb 2008 14:21:36 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-11-13
[ [ "Coley", "A.", "" ], [ "Hervik", "S.", "" ] ]
We study the late-time behaviour of tilted perfect fluid Bianchi type III models using a dynamical systems approach. We consider models with dust, and perfect fluids stiffer than dust, and eludicate the late-time behaviour by studying the centre manifold which dominates the behaviour of the model at late times. In the dust case, this centre manifold is 3-dimensional and can be considered as a double bifurcation as the 2 parameters ($h$ and $\gamma$) of the type VI$_h$ model are varied. We calculate the decay rates and show that for dust or stiffer the models approach a vacuum spacetime, however, it does so rather slowly: $\rho/H^2\sim 1/\ln t$.
gr-qc/9810063
Ram Brustein
Ram Brustein
Production and Detection of Cosmic Gravitational Wave Background in String Cosmology
21 pages, 3 figures, Revtex. Invited paper to appear in the special issue of the Journal of Chaos, Solitons and Fractals on "Superstrings, M, F, S... Theory", eds. C. Castro and M.S. El Naschie
null
10.1016/S0960-0779(98)00196-9
BGU-PH-98/06
gr-qc astro-ph
null
String cosmology models predict a cosmic background of gravitational waves produced during a period of dilaton-driven inflation. I describe the background, present astrophysical and cosmological bounds on it, and discuss in some detail how it may be possible to detect it with large operating and planned gravitational wave detectors. The possible use of smaller detectors is outlined.
[ { "created": "Tue, 20 Oct 1998 13:48:26 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-06-25
[ [ "Brustein", "Ram", "" ] ]
String cosmology models predict a cosmic background of gravitational waves produced during a period of dilaton-driven inflation. I describe the background, present astrophysical and cosmological bounds on it, and discuss in some detail how it may be possible to detect it with large operating and planned gravitational wave detectors. The possible use of smaller detectors is outlined.
1404.0898
Marta Campigotto
M.Campigotto, L.Fatibene
Gauge Natural Formulation of Conformal Theory of Gravity
13 pages, calculations added, matches published version on Annals of Physics
Annals of Physics, Volume 354, 328 (2015)
10.1016/j.aop.2014.12.026
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We consider conformal gravity as a gauge natural theory. We study its conservation laws and superpotentials. We also consider the Mannheim and Kazanas spherically symmetric vacuum solution and discuss conserved quantities associated to conformal and diffeomorphism symmetries.
[ { "created": "Thu, 3 Apr 2014 13:19:22 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sun, 8 Feb 2015 14:19:47 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2015-02-10
[ [ "Campigotto", "M.", "" ], [ "Fatibene", "L.", "" ] ]
We consider conformal gravity as a gauge natural theory. We study its conservation laws and superpotentials. We also consider the Mannheim and Kazanas spherically symmetric vacuum solution and discuss conserved quantities associated to conformal and diffeomorphism symmetries.
1003.2476
Paul Wesson
Paul S. Wesson
The Scalar Field Of 5D Gravity And The Higgs Field Of 4D Particle Physics: A Possible Connection
null
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The main results are reviewed of relating the scalar field of noncompactified Kaluza-Klein gravity to the Higgs field of particle physics. The embedding of 4D spacetime in a 5D manifold can result in a variable cosmological 'constant' and particle masses tiny compared to the Planck value.
[ { "created": "Fri, 12 Mar 2010 04:50:00 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2010-03-15
[ [ "Wesson", "Paul S.", "" ] ]
The main results are reviewed of relating the scalar field of noncompactified Kaluza-Klein gravity to the Higgs field of particle physics. The embedding of 4D spacetime in a 5D manifold can result in a variable cosmological 'constant' and particle masses tiny compared to the Planck value.