question stringlengths 3 301 | answer stringlengths 9 26.1k | context list |
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What happens to the concentration of oxygen in air when air is passed through water or carbon? | Under normal conditions, the water or carbon would already be in an equilibrium with the oxygen in the air, and little or nothing would happen. We can use [Henry's law](_URL_0_) to estimate the quantity of Oxygen already in the water, which gives us around ~10 mg of Oxygen/Liter of water. So, if you exposed completely ... | [
"Any oxidizable material present in an aerobic natural waterway or in an industrial wastewater will be oxidized both by biochemical (bacterial) or chemical processes. The result is that the oxygen content of the water will be decreased.\n",
"Oxygen is poorly soluble in water. Fully aerated fresh water therefore c... |
What were the most significant events in british history that led to their modern political system | I would argue there are three major events that led to the modern political system, but of course also many minor events, gradual developments, etc.
& #x200B;
**Part 1**
The first is the **signing of the Magna Carta**. Although this is often exaggerated in importance and effect, it is still important in terms of pr... | [
"From 1837 until 1901, Queen Victoria reigned over the United Kingdom and the ever-expanding British Empire. The Industrial Revolution had begun in Britain and during the 19th century it became the most powerful Western nation. Britain also enjoyed relative peace and stability from 1815 until 1914, this period is o... |
if our nose and mouth are connected, why do we sniff some drugs and swallow others? | The ones that go up your nose usually don't go down into your stomach. Sniffable drugs are intended to be absorbed through the mucous membranes that are up in your sniffer. Not all chemicals can be absorbed in this way, some have to be absorbed through the stomach or intestine. | [
"Some drugs are inactive in the digestive tract, but this can be avoided if held between the upper lip and gum. This prevents the substances from getting swallowed with salivation, as would normally occur between the lower lip and gum, permitting slow release of the drug to prolong the duration of action.\n",
"Th... |
How is genetic information added through evolution? | A. In terms of physical quantity of DNA, genetic material is added by duplication. Either individual segments of DNA get duplicated or occasionally entire genomes.
The former is more common in animals, while the latter is more common in plants. This is mostly due to how tolerant each type of organism is to having your... | [
"These claims have been widely rejected by the scientific community which asserts that new information is regularly generated in evolution whenever a novel mutation or gene duplication arises. Dramatic examples of entirely new and unique traits arising through mutation have been observed in recent years, such as th... |
Why is the binding energy within a nucleon positive? | > Right. Here's the weird thing. If you consider, instead, a single nucleon and its quarks, then adding the mass of the quarks again gives a different number than the mass of the nucleon. This time, though, the mass of the quarks comes out dramatically less than the mass of the nucleon.
Not if you add up the [constit... | [
"The difference in binding energy between neighboring nuclides increases as the sides of the valley of stability are ascended, and correspondingly the nuclide half-lives decrease, as indicated in the figure above. If one were to add nucleons one at a time to a given nuclide, the process will eventually lead to a ne... |
why does vimeo's 720p look better than youtube's 1080p? | Bitrate. I don't know what Vimeo streams at, but 1080p 30fps on YouTube streams at a max of around 3.8Mbps (depending on the original file size).
1080p 30fps on Netflix is 5.8 Mbps (if using Safari or IE for your web browser), and apps like HBO Go/Now streams 1080p 30fps at around 8Mbps.
To give you a fram... | [
"720p is used more for Internet distribution of high-definition video, because computer monitors progressively scan; 720p video has lower storage-decoding requirements than either the 1080i or the 1080p. This is also the medium for high-definition broadcasts around the world and 1080p is used for Blu-ray movies.\n"... |
why does fox allow their shows to make fun of the network? | Fox, like most TV companies, cares formost about money. If the show's jokes can get a laugh out of the expense of Fox, that just adds to the people who may stick through the commerical break. Furthermore, Fox's ability to take a joke could attract other shows, which could increase profits further.
TL:DR: As long a... | [
"The PTC has targeted Fox, criticizing the network for failing to include \"S\" (sexual content) and \"V\" (violence) descriptors in content ratings for some \"Family Guy\" episodes. The Council has cautioned parents that due to the animation style, children could get attracted to the adult show. In order to preven... |
Why do African nations (generally; there are obviously some exceptions) need so much more international aid than the rest of the world? | I'm not a historian but my degree is in business and international development so I might be able to shed some light on your question. I won't go into it too much as there's such a long and rich history but I'm sure others will be able to add to what I say. Also, forgive me if I bounce around the subject. There's so... | [
"Foreign aid makes African countries dependent on aid because it is regarded by policy makers as regular income, thus they do not have any incentive to make policies and decisions that will enable their countries to independently finance their economic growth and development. Additionally, aid doe not incentivize t... |
why are cartoons primarily considered as being "for children" in the modern day? what happened? | The answer is "Saturday Morning Cartoons".
In the 70's and 80's, Toy manufacturers and their marketers figured out that they could make half hour long commercials for their toys, run them on saturdays when kids were off from school, and profit.
During this time, the cartoon business was essentially an extension of t... | [
"The 1980s also saw a number of cartoons based on children's toys, such as \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\", \"\", \"The Transformers\", \"My Little Pony 'n Friends\", \"He-Man\", \"\", \"Jem and the Holograms\", \"Thundercats\", and \"Care Bears\". There were even cartoons based on \"Pac-Man\" video games and \"th... |
Byzantine or Judaism Historians, does anyone know how Jews were treated under Byzantine rule? | I’m sure someone else can give you more of an idea of day-to-day life of Jews under Byzantine rule, but since you're still waiting on an answer, I can give you a little bit of background info on attitudes and laws relating to Jews in the Eastern Empire/Byzantine Empire.
Early Church fathers debated the issue of ‘what ... | [
"The size of the Jewish community in the Byzantine Empire was not affected by attempts by some emperors (most notably Justinian) to forcibly convert the Jews of Anatolia to Christianity, as these attempts met with very little success. Historians continue to research the status of the Jews in Asian Minor during the ... |
Are there any alternate explanations for the cosmic microwave background? | To talk about your second question, when we look at the edge of the known universe we are seeing a wall of hot plasma. The light is horrible at permeating this plasma because these unbound particles can absorb a near continiuum of light as thermal energy. Thus they couple very well and little light can escape. Event... | [
"The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation signature presents a direct large-scale view of the universe that can be used to identify whether our position or movement has any particular significance. There has been much publicity about analysis of results from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) an... |
Why did animals evolve the spectrum of vision that they did? Wouldn't broader sets of photoreceptors be more useful? | There are only two bandwidths that readily pass through out [atmosphere](_URL_0_): the visible (with some UV and IR) and radio waves. If the point of sight is to see far, it only makes sense for organises to evolve sight that sees these wavelengths.
As you point out, many animals see in spectrums we don't see, such a... | [
"The only known animals to employ a similar visual system were the now-extinct trilobites. Phototropic chromatophores can change \"O. wendtii's\" color and regulate how much light will reach the photoreceptors.\n",
"Although many aspects the human visual system remain uncertain, the theory of the evolution of rod... |
how on earth do weapon suppressors work? do they really decrease penetration/range potential of a bullet? without it overheating, how long would it take for it to break? | Suppressors work like car mufflers. They capture the explosion and expanding gasses. They do not actually effect the projectile. Suppressors are actually built quite solid. I recommend lookin up iraqveteran888 on YouTube for a more knowledgeable souce. | [
"In January 2005, at the IQPC's Directed Energy Weapons conference in London, Gerald Wilson said the system takes between 5 seconds and 4 minutes (typically 30 seconds) to destroy a mine, resulting in a clearance rate of up to 25 explosives per hour when equipped with a 0.5 kW laser.\n",
"Suppression can be deliv... |
How much of the oil and coal in the world are actually dead dinosaurs? | For oil, none, and for coal, virtually none. The parent organic material for oil is almost entirely microscopic organisms which live(d) in the ocean, like zooplankton or algae. For coal, the majority of the original organic material is from plants living in swamps. This somewhat [simplistic page](_URL_0_) basically ans... | [
"Ten days have passed since impact, and few dinosaurs remain. In Mongolia, the \"Charonosaurus\" stays close to the watering hole, but collapses and dies from inhaling hydrogen sulfide that rose from the watering hole. The \"Saurornithoides\" runs up to the dead \"Charonosaurus\", but it too is killed by the poison... |
how would you explain how short a human life span is in comparison to the age of the universe? | If the entire history of the universe was condensed into one calendar year, humans wouldn't even show up until December 31st. Modern civilization wouldn't show up until the last 14 seconds of the year. | [
"In October 2016, scientists identified the maximum human lifespan at an average age of 115, with an absolute upper limit of 125 years. However, the concept of a maximum lifespan in humans is still widely debated among the scientific community.\n",
"These are the 4 nuclides with half-lives comparable to, or less ... |
could scaring a person in anaphylaxis - along with benadryl - create enough adrenaline to hold the person over to get to an epipen? | Person is already scared they are going to die. (duh)
Histamine release that has occurred by that time is already too massive to be so easily counteracted that benadryl would work. | [
"Isoprenaline, a drug that has similarities with adrenaline, can be used in an emergency for people with Brugada syndrome who are having frequent repeated life-threatening arrhythmias, known as an \"electrical storm\". This drug must be given as a continuous infusion into a vein and therefore is not suitable for lo... |
Did Genghis Khan have on-foot infantry, or Just Ranged Horsemen? | I'm pulling a lot of this from memory but the answer essentially boils down to:
Certainly! As the Empire grew, the Mongols saw a greater diversity in unit types. Although the Mongols themselves fought almost exclusively on horseback (as had largely always been the case in the steppes), they would conscript the armies ... | [
"Each archer had at least one extra horse – there was an average five horses per man – thus the entire army could move with astounding rapidity. Moreover, since horse milk and horse blood were the staples of the Mongolian diet, Genghis' horse-herds functioned not just as his means of movement but as his logistical ... |
why is the option to invert colors on certain electronic devices usually under the accessibility section? | Because inverting colors can be helpful for people with a sensitivity to brightness, it can make text and images easier to distinguish for some people with color blindness, and easier to make out for some people with low vision.
It's under Accessibility, because it is a feature designed to make the device more accessi... | [
"In a display where the colors are either on or off and various brightness levels do not have to be created, the system can be further simplified by removing the color selection grid and modulating the voltage of the electron gun itself. However, this also causes problems because the electrons will reach the screen... |
where the science of electric forcefields meets science fiction. what is possible, what is not? | I read a good straightdope once, that said the easiest way to build a forcefield would be to create an immobile sheet of electrons. This would impede progress due to the Pauli exclusion principle, which means it could potentially stop aggressors and even bullets. The easiest way to make one is to build a wall, you can ... | [
"The ability to create a force field has been a common superpower in comic books and associated media. While only a few characters have the explicit ability to create force fields (for example, the Invisible Woman of the Fantastic Four and Violet Parr from \"The Incredibles\"), it has been emulated via other powers... |
How can one place the square root of two, or any irrational number for that matter, EXACTLY on a number line? | If you make a 45-90-45 triangle with legs equal to 1, then use its hypotenuse as the radius of a circle whose center is at the 0 point of the number line, it will cross the line at exactly ±sqrt(2). In the real world, this is just as accurate as constructing any other constructible number. | [
"The proof above for the square root of two can be generalized using the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. This asserts that every integer has a unique factorization into primes. Using it we can show that if a rational number is not an integer then no integral power of it can be an integer, as in lowest terms ther... |
how can telescopes capture close up pictures of planets without any obstructions in the picture? wouldn't you be able to spot out debris such as meteorites and such? | Do you mean "why don't we see stuff in the way between us and the planet"? If so, it's because those objects are much, much too small to be seen by telescope at the distances we're talking about. In principle, we could see them, but they're just too small to disrupt the picture at all. | [
"By taking two exposures of the same section of the sky days or weeks apart, it is possible to find objects such as asteroids, meteors, comets, variable stars, novae, and even unknown planets. By comparing the pair of images, using a device such as a blink comparator, astronomers are able to find objects that moved... |
why are humans said to be the only species on earth to be self-aware and able to think philosphically? | They aren't. Several other mammals are self aware. You can tell by seeing if they recognize themselves in a mirror. You put a silly bow on their head, show them in a mirror and see if they think their is a bow on THEIR head.
In terms of philosophy...it is hard to tell, but many animals have a sense of fairness. | [
"\"Humans, unlike just about all the other animals on earth, create fairly sophisticated languages which not only enable them to think about their feeling, their actions, and the results they get from doing and not doing certain things, but they also are able to think about their thinking and even think about think... |
Did the Soviet Union ever directly fight alongside any Western allies in WW2? | Well, that depends what you mean, if you're asking 'did they ever share a front line', then the answer, to the best of my knowledge, is no. The theatres that the Soviets were involved in (Eastern Front and Manchura) were not in any form directly connected until [April 25, 1945](_URL_1_) just around two weeks before fi... | [
"The bulk of Soviet fighting took place on the Eastern Front—including a continued war with Finland—but it also invaded Iran (August 1941) in cooperation with the British and late in the war attacked Japan (August 1945), with which the Soviets had border wars earlier up until in 1939.\n",
"The Soviet Union entere... |
How did criminal sentencing work in the United States in the early 20th century? | In general, life sentences *did* exist in the early 20th century. For instance, the 1909 edition of [Kentucky Statutes](_URL_0_), sec. 3627, gives the punishment for murder as:
> [D]eath or confinement in the penitentiary for life, in the discretion of the jury.
When I have access to sources, I will try to look into... | [
"During the colonial and revolutionary periods, the United States criminal justice system was \"victim-centric,\" in that crimes were often investigated and prosecuted by individual victims. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, however, the focus shifted so that crime was seen primarily as a \"social harm.\" The c... |
re: reporters / paparazzi who follow people around despite their clearly expressed wishes not to. is that legal? | Not being one of them, I can only address a piece of the legality allowed to other media. You can't keep the public out of a public space. Regardless of your profession, you have the same right to walk on a public sidewalk, come into a public place like a business, street or park, and, yes, walk up to someone and ask t... | [
"Journalists call into the conference to ask their questions. This saves time and money for the personality being interviewed as there is no need for them to move from one location to another. This is used more and more frequently, for example during times of crisis when organizations use their communications depar... |
Where do steam boats or steamships get their water source to produce steam? | Usually from the lake, river, ocean they are on, and as they systems got more complex, so did their water treatment systems, with modern systems using steam distilling and/or reverse osmosis. Older steam systems had mud drums to catch large particles and the boilers needed descaling on a regular basis. Also, as the s... | [
"Steam ships were used to transport goods and personnel across oceans and within coastal areas. Steam powered tugboats were created for the purpose of manipulating larger vessels at within ports or areas with limited maneuverability. Steam vessels were a practical solution for the international transportation of pe... |
how a windup/ kinetic-powered watch stores energy | Think of it as a rubber band. When you twist it you add energy. When you release it the energy is released. Instead of a rubber band they use a [mainspring](_URL_0_) | [
"An oscillating weight (selfwinding mechanism in a traditional watch) transmits the mechanical energy to the micro generator through the microbarrel. The generator converts this mechanical energy into electrical energy and stores it in an accumulator (Capacitor for caliber 1400).\n",
"Citizen Eco-Drive Thermo wat... |
Is time dilation occurring to some degree for every object in the Universe? Are there stationary objects that perceive time as much faster than us? (see below) | > Are there stationary objects in the universe? Or is everything moving and therefore experiencing time as "slower" than a theoretical stationary object? If there are stationary objects, wouldn't it be experiencing time at an extraordinarily fast pace as compared to Earth?
"Stationary" or "moving" is purely relative ... | [
"One more important step being left out of the standard model, Wiltshire claimed, was the fact that as proven by observation, gravity slows time. Thus, a clock will move faster in empty space, which possesses low gravitation, than inside a galaxy, which has much more gravity, and he argued that as large as a 38% di... |
Why have so many Pre-Columbian civilizations declined "mysteriously?" | This is a common misunderstanding. When an archaeologist says "mysteriously", he's not saying that it might have been aliens or a curse behind their downfall, just that the academic community does not at present understand why the societies collapsed, usually because we don't yet have enough information about condition... | [
"In the Americas, cities of the Mississippian culture such as Cahokia, Kincaid and Moundville went into an accelerated state of decline in this decade. Factors such as depletion of resources, climatic change, war, disease, social unrest and declining political and economic power have been suggested, although the si... |
singapore | **Disneyland with the death penalty**
Life is pretty damn good in Singapore. The cost of living (save for homes and cars) is affordable. The island is well-lit and generally safe. Shops open until late, and amenities are convenient.
However...
Our laws say that if you traffic in drugs, you hang. No discretion on th... | [
"Singapore is an island city-state in Southeast Asia. About 5.6 million people live and work within , making Singapore the 2nd-most-densely populated country in the world, after Monaco, another city-state. The Central Area in the south-eastern part of the island, is the country's city centre. It is surrounded by su... |
what happens when the eurozone breaks up | Sorry I don't know howto ELY5 so this is my best shot
Option 1. Greece Exit (GREXIT).
So Greece leaves the eurozone, it's currency is now the New Drachma, Drachma2.0 whatever, the balance sheets of of pretty much all Greek banks and non-financials have been completely destroyed by the uncertainty and speculation lead... | [
"The eurozone crisis resulted from the structural problem of the eurozone and a combination of complex factors, including the globalisation of finance, easy credit conditions during the 2002–2008 period that encouraged high-risk lending and borrowing practices, the financial crisis of 2007–08, international trade i... |
Did the romans' attitude to nudity change after they went Christian? were public bath houses still common after that point? | Can I ask for clarification from someone in the know?
The OP seems to be indicating that European christians would care about nudity, but this is not my impression of Europeans at all. I spent a couple years there as a kid, and people would get nude all the time if there was water involved.
I also understand that ther... | [
"One exception to public nudity was the baths, though attitudes toward nude bathing also changed over time. In the 2nd century BC, Cato preferred not to bathe in the presence of his son, and Plutarch implies that for Romans of these earlier times it was considered shameful for mature men to expose their bodies to y... |
Can anyone help me identify this apparent 5 star general and the location this picture was taken during World War II? | Judging by the markings on the front of the jeep, it is possible that the vehicle came from the 441st Anti Aircraft Battalion (SP). This unit fell under operational control of the 3rd infantry division over the course of WWII. [source](_URL_2_) I am not sure what the 25 on the right side stands for. There was no common... | [
"George James Eade (October 27, 1921 – August 26, 2018) was an American four star general in the United States Air Force who served as Deputy Commander in Chief, United States European Command (DCINCEUR) from 1973 to 1975.\n",
"Three-star Lieutenant Generals and four-star Generals were reauthorized temporarily fo... |
What property makes materials able to absorb water, how does it work, and how does this property change for absorption of other liquids (e.g. oil)? | I believe most of the phenomenon of absorption is based on surface tension in the liquid. Suppose you take a close look at a sponge you'll see that it has many pores or holes in its surface. When you wipe a puddle of water with the sponge the water fills the holes. The surface tension of the water causes the water to h... | [
"Absorption or desorption of water (or other solvents) can change the size of many common materials; many organic materials change size much more due to this effect than due to thermal expansion. Common plastics exposed to water can, in the long term, expand by many percent.\n",
"The process of absorption means t... |
the tour de france. | The Tour de France is a largely team sport. Within each team, each racer plays a unique role. Some are designated to supply the team with food and water (they will go back to the team car, stuff as many supplies in their jersey and bottle carriers as possible, then bring it to the team. Think of them as the pack mules)... | [
"The Tour de France is an annual road bicycle race held over 23 days in July. Established in 1903 by newspaper \"L'Auto\", the Tour is the most well-known and prestigious of cycling's three \"Grand Tours\"; the others are the Giro d'Italia and the Vuelta a España. The race usually covers approximately 3,500 kilomet... |
Why was the Greek city of Syracuse typically governed by tyrants? | This touches on some questions of my own.
Thucydides (1.17) had noticed a similar phenomenon:
> Wherever there were tyrants, their habit of providing simply for themselves... made safety the great aim of their policy, and prevented anything great from proceeding from them.... All this is only true of the mother count... | [
"Syracuse (Gr. Συρακοῦσαι) was an ancient Greek city-state, located on the east coast of Sicily. The city was founded by settlers from Corinth in 734 or 733 BC, and was conquered by the Romans in 212 BC, after which it became the seat of Roman rule in Sicily. Throughout much of its history as an independent city, i... |
How do moving electrically charged particles cause magnetism? | What you are asking is an extremely deep question. This is the puzzle that eventually led to Einstein developing his theory of special relativity.
You are correct that magnetism and electricity are "2 sides of the same coin." Specifically, they are related by Lorentz transformations from the framework of relativity. T... | [
"All moving charged particles produce magnetic fields. Moving point charges, such as electrons, produce complicated but well known magnetic fields that depend on the charge, velocity, and acceleration of the particles.\n",
"When a charged particle—such as an electron—is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences ... |
how is bosch's stock trending around $19,000 per share? | The absolute cost per share of a stock is a relatively meaningless number. You can divide a company into whatever number of shares you like, and that number can change over time (and does, when companies do stock splits or merges). If a company has a high price per share, it basically just means that they haven't don... | [
"On July 10, 2008, Dow agreed to purchase all of the common equity interest of Rohm and Haas Co. for $15.4 billion, which equated to $78 per share. The buyout was to be financed with equity investments of $3 billion by Berkshire Hathaway Inc. and $1 billion by the Kuwait Investment Authority. The purpose of the dea... |
Why do salmon and eels need to migrate up rivers to reproduce? Why can't they spawn where they live? | This framing is actually a little bit backwards: in general, these species aren't migrating long distances to reproduce, they are migrating long distances to live at adults. What I mean is that you have a kind of fish that live in a certain habitat and spawn in that habitat, but then sometimes members of that group of... | [
"Typically, salmon are anadromous: they hatch in fresh water, migrate to the ocean, then return to fresh water to reproduce. However, populations of several species are restricted to fresh water through their lives. Folklore has it that the fish return to the exact spot where they hatched to spawn. Tracking studies... |
What role did "popular religion" play in the unrest within the late-Qing dynasty? | I'll admit now to having not yet read either Kuhn's *Rebellion and its Enemies in Late Imperial China* (1980) or Prazniak's *Of Camel Kings and Other Things* (1999), which would probably give a broader view of the rebellions of the day. However, I have done a lot of Taiping reading, so I can talk about the Taiping in p... | [
"In the Ming and Qing dynasties many folk religious movements were outlawed by the imperial authorities as \"evil religions\" (邪教 \"xiéjiào\"). With the collapse of the Qing state in 1911 the sects enjoyed an unprecedented period of freedom and thrived, and many of them were officially recognised as religious group... |
why military coups don't happen often in democracies? | Dont happen as often...
But authoritarian states are more likely to have coups since they relay heavily on both police and military (and many times a mix of both) to retain control,
So In a democracy or a free state, the police is controlled in a civilian manner and the army has political and civilian oversight, whi... | [
"According to Naunihal Singh, author of \"Seizing Power: The Strategic Logic of Military Coups\" (2014), it is \"fairly rare\" for the prevailing existing government to violently purge the army after a coup has been foiled. If it starts the mass killing of elements of the army, including officers who were not invol... |
What are some of the newer theories on the nature of consciousness? | In spite of Postmodern_Pat sentiments, there is a healthy, active and growing literature regarding the phenomenon of consciousness studied from neural perspectives.
There is Baars' [Global Workspace](_URL_3_) model, for instance, as wells as Edelman's concept of [primary consciousness](_URL_0_), which would go on to e... | [
"In summary, Morin concludes that from the many concepts discussed above it is near impossible to settle for only one theory without accepting at least a fraction of another. Although each hypothesis has been debated either in scientific or more spiritually focused literature, he states that consciousness is relate... |
when toddlers talk ‘gibberish’ are they just making random noises or are they attempting to speak an english sentence that just comes out muddled up? | It’s usually just them learning and playing with all the noises they are capable of vocalizing. You will also notice that pronunciation improves greatly over the next few years as they gain better coordination of their mouth and vocal muscles | [
"Gibberish, alternatively jibber, jabber, jibber-jabber, or gobbledygook, is speech that is (or appears to be) nonsense. It may include speech sounds that are not actual words, or language games and specialized jargon that seems nonsensical to outsiders. \n",
"Poglish is a common phenomenon among persons bilingua... |
When did societies start erecting memorials to their losses? | The Hieroglyphic Staircase on structure 10L-26, in Copan was built between 746 CE and 756 CE by the 14th ruler of Copan. The English translation of his name is Smoke Monkey. This is the longest single Mayan inscription ever found. It was discovered by Alfred Maudslay in 188... | [
"The huge losses of the American Civil War saw the first really large group of sculptural war memorials, as well as many monuments for individuals. Among the most artistically outstanding is the Memorial to Robert Gould Shaw and the all-black 54th Regiment by Augustus Saint-Gaudens in Boston, with a second cast in ... |
Why were DD Tanks used on D-Day as opposed to landing tanks directly on the beach? | Tanks *were* landed directly on the beach by landing craft on D-Day, in particular many of Hobart's 'funnies', the specialised vehicles like Sherman 'crab' mine flail tanks or Churchill AVREs, which were too cumbersome, heavy or just awkward to swim ashore. The DD was another specialisation, conceived with the Allied ... | [
"LVTs were used in the Normandy landings, but their use by the United States was limited as the US Army doctrine in Europe viewed the Sherman DD as the answer to assault on heavily defended beaches. LVT-2s were used to help unload supplies after the landings on Utah Beach, from the cargo ships off the coast to the ... |
what's the role of each of the multiple gaming companies that's working on the same game? | Bandai Namco is the publisher of Dark Souls, they market and fund development of the game. FromSoftware is the developer, they're the ones who design, write and build the game. | [
", formerly known as GAU Entertainment and , was a Japanese video game developer. The company usually does not market or publish the games it develops, instead they primarily develop games for other companies on a contract basis. Their clients include Sega, Capcom, Namco, Takara, Taito, Atlus, and Square Enix.\n",
... |
why do we accept when someone identifies as another gender than their physical one, but not if they identify as another race? | Like lots of other anatomical features, the brain is sexually dimorphic (slighy different for males and females.)
The brains of people of different race or ethnicity do not differ in anatomy. | [
"This issue is illustrated with the example of those who identify themselves as Hispanic/Latino, typically a mix of Caucasian, Native American and African ancestry. Although some studies include this as a \"race\", many such as the U.S. Census do not, forcing members of this group to choose between identifying them... |
Up until the 50s, London was the most populated city in the world. How did it fall so quickly and so drastically down the list? | Yeah, China and other parts of Asia industrializing had a lot to do with it. Another big factor was the loss of empire. Before the war, London was the capital city of an empire that spanned the world. After the war, most of the empire was gone, and the UK was in financial dire straits. People no longer flocked to Londo... | [
"With increasing industrialisation, London's population grew rapidly throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, and it was the most populated city in the world until overtaken by New York in 1925. Its population peaked at 8,615,245 in 1939. There were an estimated 7,753,600 official residents in mid-2009.\n",
... |
how does masturbation work in space? | In our usual Earth gravity, blood is being pulled down, which our heart and blood vessels are used to dealing with, constricting in the legs to avoid blood pooling down there. You can't just tell your body to stop doing that when you're in space's microgravity, so blood tends to pool in various parts of your body espec... | [
"Sex in space is human sexual activity in the weightlessness of outer space. It presents difficulties for the performance of most sexual activities due to Newton's third law. According to the law, if the couple remain attached, their movements will counter each other. Consequently, their actions will not change the... |
If you just gave birth to a baby underwater, is it possible to attach the umbilical cord to an oxygen/nutrient-giving machine and have the baby live underwater for its entire life? | No. Humans are not aquatic, and development would cause the umbilical cord to eventually detach, among other things. | [
"In rare instances where the fetus has a very large lesion, resuscitation after delivery can be dangerous. In these situations a specialized delivery for management of the airway compression can be planned called the EXIT procedure, or a fetal laser ablation procedure can be performed. During this minimally invasiv... |
How does water "know" where to go in osmosis? | The individual water molecule is still zipping around randomly. The probability to find a water molecule on either side of the box is a function of temperature, the size of the molecule, size of the pores, inter molecular interactions etc. In your example there is a higher pressure of water on the right side, since the... | [
"Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane. The net movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from a solution of high water potential to an area of low water potential. A cell with a less negative water potential will draw in water but this depends o... |
why doesn't ram let go of unnecessary memories | Because the programmers didn't give the computer permission to "let go" of their memory yet. Computers aren't smart, they'll happily run themselves off a cliff every time you tell them to. If the computer is running out of RAM but the computer hasn't been given permission to free any of that memory it won't free it. It... | [
"This form of memory breakdown involves problems at the point where attention and memory interface. Common errors of this type include misplacing keys or eyeglasses, or forgetting appointments, because at the time of encoding sufficient attention was not paid to what would later need to be recalled.\n",
"Memory i... |
if mckayla maroney and liz lee where underage at the time there nude photos where taken, why are they not being immediately arrested for taking and distribution of child pornography? | Jesus your user name :/
Mostly because it's really, REALLY stupid to arrest kids for what they do with their own bodies. Most governing bodies know this. It would also be hilariously bad PR to arrest someone who's privacy was so violated for distribution of child porn. | [
"BULLET::::- In 2008, an assistant principal in the US state of Virginia was charged with possession of child pornography and related crimes after he had been asked to investigate a rumored sexting incident at the high school where he worked. Upon finding a student in possession of a photo on his phone that depicte... |
sound editing vs sound mixing as an oscar category. | **Sound Editing**: Finding/making the sound effects, which may include manipulating (editing) them to fit. For an example, all the chainsaws and stuff in Mad Max or Godzilla's original roar being made from "a double bass, using a leather glove coated in pine-tar resin to create friction...They'd rub it against the stri... | [
"The Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing is an Academy Award that recognizes the finest or most euphonic sound mixing or recording and is generally awarded to the production sound mixers and re-recording mixers of the winning film. Compare this award to the Academy Award for Best Sound Editing. In the lists below, ... |
Attempting to understand W and Z bosons in relation to (or independent of) the Higgs boson. | I'm going to attempt two explanations here... the first will have to be taken with a grain of salt, because it is my attempt to explain this at a less technical level, which trades precision and correctness in wording for understandability. If not, the second explanation should be more exact (although not completely, ... | [
"An initial focus of research was to investigate the possible existence of the Higgs boson, a key part of the Standard Model of physics which is predicted by theory but had not yet been observed before due to its high mass and elusive nature. CERN scientists estimated that, if the Standard Model were correct, the L... |
How and why was the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth formed? What lead to its demise? | Poland and Lithuania had a personal union under Sigismund II. A personal union means that two countries share a monarchy, such as Austria-Hungary having the Empire of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary as two separate entities, ruled by one person who was simultaneously the Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary.
Aro... | [
"Growing threat of Muscovy and prolonged Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars forced Lithuania into the union of Lublin 1569 in which Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was created. Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth existed up to 1795 and was partitioned in three stages by the neighboring Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and ... |
why do supermarkets sell meats in a refrigerated space as opposed to a freezer where the meat would last longer? | A lot of people want to cook the meat that day or the next and don't want to have to thaw it. Also, fresh meat vs frozen is preferred for most due to taste and texture that changes when frozen. | [
"Meats and vegetables stored in a manual-defrost freezer will last longer than those stored in automatic-defrost freezers. This is because the temperature of a manual defrost freezer remains closer to while the temperature of automatic defrost freezers fluctuates, and because automatic-defrost freezers have drier a... |
why there needs to be separation of ncos and commissioned officers? | Commissioned officers and Non-commissioned officers have different jobs. NCO's would need to know more about troop welfare and must have technical and tactical proficiency in their designated job whereas a commissioned officer is a leader and is more of a logistics supervisor. Although they are trained to lead in a fig... | [
"The non-commissioned officer corps has been referred to as \"the backbone\" of the armed services, as they are the primary and most visible leaders for most military personnel. Additionally, they are the leaders primarily responsible for executing a military organization's mission and for training military personn... |
What are historians' opinions on the book "How History Gets Things Wrong The Neuroscience of Our Addiction to Stories" by Alexander Rosenberg? | I haven't read it, but I will say:
* Historians are _well aware_ of the limitations of narrative as a form. We have been talking about this for ages amongst ourselves (nobody outside of our profession seems to care, except apparently this neuroscientist). Hayden White's _Metahistory_, which is all about narrative form... | [
"In 2018 Rosenberg published ’‘How History Gets Things Wrong: The Neuroscience of our Addiction to Stories’‘ This work develops the eliminative materialism of ‘‘The Atheist’s guide to Reality‘‘ applying it to the role ‘the theory of mind’ plays in history and other forms of story telling. Rosenberg argues that the ... |
Tentacle porn goes back hundreds of years, but when did Japan start getting known for having it? | Joris-Karl Huysmans, a prominent French novelist of the fin-de-siècle wrote in *Certains* (1889) wrote (trans. Richard Lane, ):
> The most beautiful Japanese erotic print that I know is truly frightening: it is of a Japanese woman mounted by an octopus; with its tentacles, the horrible beast sucks the tips of her br... | [
"Maeda is credited with the proliferation of the tentacle rape genre mostly on the reputation of the animated versions of his manga, but he did not implement the use of the \"tentacle\" as an erotic device until the 1989 \"Demon Beast Invasion\". Although \"Urotsukidoji\" is often labeled as being the first tentacl... |
Are there any interesting comparisons to be drawn between the 'Zoot Suit riots' of 1940s USA and the popular reaction to the 'Stilyagi' of 1950s USSR? | You could also add the French Zazous and German *Swingjugend* into the narrative - they were also movements made up of young people dressing in an exaggerated fashion connected to swing music. There's a certain basic similarity to the mainstream backlash to each counterculture - newspaper articles grumbling about "thos... | [
"The Zoot Suit riots were vivid incidents of racial violence against Latinos (e.g., Mexican-Americans) in Los Angeles in 1943. Naval servicemen stationed in a Latino neighborhood conflicted with youth in the dense neighborhood. Frequent confrontations between small groups and individuals had intensified into severa... |
why is grief sometimes sexy? | Vulnerability is often viewed as a feminine trait. In the case of a widow, a man may see her as available and subconsciously see her as being in need of a new provider. | [
"Grief is the deep sorrow usually caused by someone's death. It has now become a normal human reaction to a loss of a loved one. It is not uncommon for someone to be in sadness. Many have to deal with coping with grief.\n",
"Holleran's novel, Grief, had a great initial reception among gay literature critics. Even... |
duty-free shopping | so what's to stop anyone from buying it and then giving the bag to someone leaving/flying within the country? | [
"Duty-free shops (or stores) are retail outlets whose goods are exempt from the payment of certain local or national taxes and duties, on the requirement that the goods sold will be sold to travelers who will take them out of the country. Which products can be sold duty-free vary by jurisdiction, as well as how the... |
how do chickens have eggs with babies in them? how do the male chickens fertilize the female chicken's egg? | Pretty similar to the way mammals do it, but roosters don't have penises. They have a "cloacal opening", that they rub on each other and sperm comes out and gets in the female. Then the egg is laid. | [
"Fertile chicken eggs hatch at the end of the incubation period, about 21 days. Development of the chick starts only when incubation begins, so all chicks hatch within a day or two of each other, despite perhaps being laid over a period of two weeks or so. Before hatching, the hen can hear the chicks peeping inside... |
why are there different hunting seasons for different animals? | You generally can't hunt animals when they are raising their young. For example, deer have their young in the late winter/ early spring, so therefore deer hunting season is in the fall. Nuisance animals, like wild boar, do not enjoy such protection and therefore there is no hunting season. It is legal to hunt them all ... | [
"Hunting is permitted in season in order to control the population growth of non-indigenous species (goats, pigs and wild cats) because they can represent a threat to various endangered species. The hunting season usually commences in December and ends in April. Camping is allowed from May through November.\n",
"... |
why isn't amoled/oled display technology incorporated into monitor/tv displays? | It is. Samsung made TV based on oled.
Now we don't have technology cheap enough to create display big enough to be competition to LED/plasma. Price of oled TV would be now magnitude higher than "regular" TV. | [
"AMOLED displays may be difficult to view in direct sunlight compared with LCDs because of their reduced maximum brightness. Samsung's \"Super AMOLED\" technology addresses this issue by reducing the size of gaps between layers of the screen. Additionally, PenTile technology is often used for a higher resolution di... |
What did people think of migrating birds before they had bbc documentaries? Where did they think the birds went to? | People theorized that they traveled far distances from a very early time.
Homer stated that cranes migrated south to flee the winter, and attacked the Pygmies, who were believed to dwell in the southern parts of Africa where it met the Ocean. (Don't read too much into this--Greek geographical understanding of Subsahar... | [
"As explained in the sixth episode, some of the birds were imprinted on a human and filmed from an ultralight plane; others were filmed with a helicopter drone. Some other footage resulted from tiny cameras being strapped to the backs of birds.\n",
"Winged Migration (, also known as The Travelling Birds in some U... |
how do resonance tones create geometric shapes? | Ever drop something into water? You create a wave on the surface, that goes untill it hits the edge of water, and then it bounces back, right?
If your wave does not resonate, then the high point of an incoming wave will be a low point (or somewhere in between) of the wave bouncing back from the edge. So, put together,... | [
"A particular type of \"shape resonance\" occurs in multiband or two-band superconducting heterostructures at atomic limit called superstripes due to quantum interference of a first pairing channel in a first wide band and a second pairing channel in a second band where the chemical potential is tuned near a Lifshi... |
are trees that look "half dead" still alive? | The root system probably got damaged. Certain parts of the roots will only feed certain parts of the tree, if it can still produce leaves it is still alive. | [
"The tree has been dead since 1915 and is in poor structural condition, due in part to politically-motivated vandalism, but there is a very similar living tree a short distance away known as \"Pi Jove de les Tres Branques\" (\"the young three-branched pine\"), which is regarded as its successor. Both are protected ... |
Communist Attempted Coup in Portugal | Maybe [this](_URL_0_) can help.
I don't know any of the English ones in particular, sorry. | [
"The Coup of 25 November 1975 (usually referred to as the in Portugal) was a failed military \"coup d'état\" against the post-Carnation Revolution governing bodies of Portugal. This attempt was carried out by Portuguese Communists and other left-wing activists, who hoped to hijack the Portuguese transition to democ... |
how does jumping work? | Inertia! when you crouch down to prime for a jump, you're lowering your center of mass.
When you extend your legs to actually jump, they can only push you as far as they are long (as soon as your legs fully extend, that's it. You're not going anywhere)
Inertia takes over at this point. Your mass, previously lowered... | [
"Jumping involves capturing the other player’s pieces by moving two spaces in the same direction, jumping over the opponent's piece in the intermediate square. Multiple opposing pieces may be captured in a single turn provided this is done by successive jumps made by a single piece. Pieces must jump into an unoccup... |
how does invisibility work? how do you make something invisible? | For something to be "invisible" all light would have to pass around or through it without distortion. Nobody has accomplished this in real life so far. The best/closest efforts so far try to capture the light on one side of the object and project it on the other side. (Think of it as walking around with a big t.v. scre... | [
"The invisibility cloak is basically the medium on which light waves refract. Invisibility cloaks allow for an object to be undetected while confined in the area of the cloak. In other words, the viewer does not see the real object. In illusion optics, devices are not limited to only invisibility cloaks. For exampl... |
what is the difference between regular speed and ground speed for aircraft? | The reason we have airspeed and groundspeed is because they serve different purposes. For an airplane to gain lift (fly) it has to move through the air at a certain speed so that the wings will work. To make sure we are at that speed and not coming close to falling below it, we measure airspeed. This is how fast the pl... | [
"Ground speed is the horizontal speed of an aircraft relative to the ground. An aircraft heading vertically would have a ground speed of zero. Information displayed to passengers through the entertainment system often gives the aircraft ground speed rather than airspeed.\n",
"Modern jet airliners also include gro... |
how do groups like neo-nazis and the kkk still manage to recruit people? | Hate breeds hate. Lots of people are a product of their environment or fall into the wrong crowd. | [
"The organizations that the KKK targeted for bloc recruitment were usually fraternal lodges and Protestant churches. Protestant ministers were offered free membership and powerful Chaplain status within the KKK. Recruitment also involved recruitment drives that toured the United States. Members of organizations lik... |
Did America ever have military parades in which military equipment is put on display? | I hope this is ok, it's OC taken by my Grandfather.
They lived in Lompoc, California, where Vandenberg AFB is, where they have launched missiles with satellites on them (ETA: And nukes) since the early 60s. There used to be a Flower Festival Parade, and they would put the missiles in the parade. Here are some pictures... | [
"Military parades in the American capital are held quadrennially by servicemen of the United States Armed Forces during the Presidential inaugural parade. These are not considered to be regular military parades however, as the parading formations are actually not entirely composed of armed servicemen. The first kno... |
search warrants and probable cause in the united states | law student here:
The 4th Amendment protects citizens from **unreasonable** intrusions into their privacy. So this is basically the analysis:
Let's say you are in your house, minding your own business, when suddenly police bust into your house and begin rummaging through your stuff, then take a packet of information ... | [
"A common law rule from Great Britain permits searches incident to an arrest without a warrant. This rule has been applied in American law, and has a lengthy common law history. The justification for such a search is to prevent the arrested individual 1.) from destroying evidence or 2.) using a weapon against the a... |
why is the atmosphere cold? | The sun and core of the planet heat the ground. As warm air rises, it expands and cools down. To add to this, air far away from the ground radiates heat into space. | [
"Usually, within the lower atmosphere (the troposphere) the air near the surface of the Earth is warmer than the air above it, largely because the atmosphere is heated from below as solar radiation warms the Earth's surface, which in turn then warms the layer of the atmosphere directly above it, e.g., by thermals (... |
Does scratch resistant glass (Gorilla Glass) become structurally weakened after taking a significant impact? | Yes. It's more resistant to structural weaknesses through shock than normal glass but you can put micro-fractures in it if you drop it... Eventually these structural weaknesses mean less of a drop/shock is needed to cause a sometimes apparently disproportionate shatter pattern. | [
"Gorilla Glass 3 was introduced at CES 2013. According to Corning, the material is up to three times more scratch-resistant than the previous version, with enhanced ability to resist deep scratches that typically weaken glass. The promotional material for Gorilla Glass 3 claims that it is 40% more scratch-resistant... |
Why did the emperor of the HRE have one of his most capable commanders Albrecht von Wallenstein, assassinated mid way through the 30 years war? | Here's [my old answer](_URL_0_) to a very similar question. | [
"Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von Wallenstein (24 September 1583 – 25 February 1634), also von Waldstein (Czech: Albrecht Václav Eusebius z Valdštejna), was a Bohemian military leader and statesman who fought on the Catholic side during the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648). His successful martial career made him one of th... |
what is the smallest a habitable planet could be? | There are a couple of factors that determine the optimal size for an ecosystem, like organismal space and diversity. These would influence planet size, but there is one big daddy that would overshadow most other factors: biochemical cycling.
"What's that?" Good question. All life on Earth uses similar molecules to sur... | [
"In June 2008 it was reported at the meeting of American Astronomical Society that using their new MOA-II telescope, the observatory discovered what is at the time the smallest planet known outside of our Solar System. The planet MOA-2007-BLG-192Lb is just 3.3 times larger than Earth and is orbiting a small star, M... |
is geothermal energy perpetual? how does earth remain so hot? | It's not perpetual. It'll eventually run out (but it will take billions of years).
The earth produces around 47 TW (terawatts) of heat. For reference, the USA uses about 0.5 TW of electrical power. So across the globe, the earth produces around 100x as much geothermal heat power as the USA uses in electricity.
O... | [
"Geothermal power is considered to be renewable because any projected heat extraction is small compared to the Earth's heat content. The Earth has an internal heat content of 10 joules (3·10 TW·hr), approximately 100 billion times the 2010 worldwide annual energy consumption. About 20% of this is residual heat from... |
How accurate are scenes in movies featuring ancient combat of battlefield commanders addressing their armies in formation just before battle? | Hi! Not discouraging other contributions but you can get started with this thread from the FAQ, which luckily addresses battlefield motivational speeches in the ancient world including Greece
* [Do the speeches we often see before a battle in most literature and visual performances have any historical basis. Did the k... | [
"Little is known about the actual battle from historical texts save from its context which has been well documented. Much of what is known including troop positions and movements has been gleaned from archaeological work at the site of the battle.\n",
"Using the original locations of the battle, the film featured... |
why do cars have blind spots (dead angle)? can't we design side mirrors that would help eliminate this problem? | You actually can set up mirrors on a regular car to eliminate blind spots. Most people just set their mirrors up incorrectly. | [
"If the side view mirrors of a car are adjusted in a particular way, there is no blind spot on the sides. Such an arrangement can greatly reduce the probability of side swipes and other accidents, particularly during lane changes. This method was first revealed by George Platzer in a 1995 paper presented to the Soc... |
Why are there so few trees in Scotland, Iceland, and other North Atlantic islands? | Iceland had thick forests of northern birch when it was first colonized.
It was all cut down and used for construction and firewood. The introduction of sheep and goats did not help either, as grazing animals discourage new growth and often reduce land to flat treeless plains.
[More](_URL_0_)
England and Scotland on... | [
"Natural vegetation in Norway varies considerably, as can be expected in a country covering such a variation in latitude. There are generally fewer species of trees in Norway than in areas in western North America with a similar climate. This is because the migration routes after the ice age is more difficult in th... |
When is the last time the Queen's Guard had to use it's military power? | Guards at the royal palaces are made up of soldiers from one of the 6 different guards regiments in the British Army (Grenadier, Coldstream, Welsh, Irish and Scots Guards in the infantry and the Life Guards in the cavalry). These are regular regiments of the British Army and are regularly deployed to combat zones like ... | [
"The Queen's Body Guard of the Yeomen of the Guard are a bodyguard of the British Monarch. The oldest British military corps still in existence, it was created by King Henry VII in 1485 at the Battle of Bosworth. As a token of this venerability, the Yeomen still wear red and gold uniforms of Tudor style. There are ... |
Historians, how do you deal with the depressing side of history? How do you not get cynical? | That's assuming I am not already a cynic :)
Seriously though, I think it depends a lot on what you're researching and what questions you're asking. Right now I'm looking into the epigraphic culture of an area, that is, why do people put up grave monuments and inscriptions, why do they portray the dead the way they do... | [
"It is no secret that there have been some difficult episodes in our past – Jallianwala Bagh, which I shall visit tomorrow, is a distressing example. But history cannot be rewritten, however much we might sometimes wish otherwise. It has its moments of sadness, as well as gladness. We must learn from the sadness an... |
What would happen if the oceans were uniformly 10 feet deeper? | Is this a change that's supposed to happen currently, or is it just an alternative history? | [
"Most of the waters in this zone are thousands of metres deep, with the exception of the Grand Banks, which average about 150 metres before the sea floor drops precipitously beyond the continental shelf.\n",
"The deep sea is one of the less explored areas on Earth. Pressures even in the mesopelagic become too gre... |
What are the advantages/disadvantages of an engine with more cylinders compared to one with less cylinders but both have the same displacement. | One of the biggest advantages of having more cylinders (with the same displacement) is reduced vibration. An engine with more, smaller cylinders will generally vibrate less than a comparable engine with less cylinders because fewer cylinders means larger, heavier pistons are required to sweep the same volume.
Larger,... | [
"Four-cylinder engines also have a smoothness problem in that the power strokes of the pistons do not overlap. With four cylinders and four strokes to complete in the four-stroke cycle, each piston completes its power stroke before the next piston starts a new power stroke, resulting in a pause between each power s... |
in tennis, why do most women to scream whenever they hit the ball, but most men play in silence? | There are really two parts to this, neither is completely black & white:
*Women grunting*
[One belief is that](_URL_0_) grunting when you strike the ball generates more power. Players naturally inhale before striking the ball to stabilise their core (support their body), and exhale when striking the ball. If yo... | [
"In women's tennis matches the ball is usually played without effect (less than lift) and games tend to play more from the baseline; typing is generally less powerful than men. The game is made in a more tactical speed and anticipation. The service is also less powerful; it is relatively less important than for men... |
what part of the brain controls ejaculation? and why cant we control it on demand? | The male sexual response is mediated largely by the subconscious Autonomic Nervous System, which includes both the parasympathetic ("rest & digest") and the sympathetic ("fight or flight") systems. Again, these are both largely subconscious, meaning that we don't have much direct control over their activation.
A co... | [
"Ejaculation is the ejecting of semen from the penis, and is usually accompanied by orgasm. A series of muscular contractions delivers semen, containing male gametes known as sperm cells or spermatozoa, from the penis. It is usually the result of sexual stimulation, which may include prostate stimulation. Rarely, i... |
Is there any evidence for a belief by Genghis Khan in cultural or martial continuity between himself and Attila? | Further question: how much would the Mongols have even know about the Huns, considering they predated them by so long. | [
"In the early 1990s, the memory of Genghis Khan underwent a powerful revival, partly in reaction to its suppression during the Mongolian People's Republic period. Genghis Khan became one of the central figures of the national identity. He is considered positively by Mongolians for his role in uniting warring tribes... |
how a cpap or bipap machine works? | It's essentially just an air pump that adds some moisture too.
By adding some pressure through a pump, it forces the airway open, so when someone would stop breathing or snore, the air opens the passage and you breath properly. | [
"The main difference between BiPAP and CPAP machines is that BiPAP machines have two pressure settings: the prescribed pressure for inhalation (ipap), and a lower pressure for exhalation (epap). The dual settings allow the patient to get more air in and out of their lungs.\n",
"In computer security, a NOP slide, ... |
the "chopity-chopity-chopity" thing wind occaisonally does when you're driving with the windows down | It's called ["Helmholtz resonance"](_URL_0_). The air pressure inside your car with the windows up is much higher than the fast moving air surrounding your car while you travel down the freeway. Rolling down your windows causes the high pressure air inside to escape your car quickly. As this happens the pressure in... | [
"A windblocker or wind deflector minimizes noise and rushing air reaching the occupants. According to the engineer responsible for the 2008 Chrysler Sebring, its windblocker reduces wind noise by approximately 11 to 12 dB.\n",
"The wind machine is played by rotating the crank handle, which is attached to the cyli... |
why do donuts heat up so fast? | Partly because of the donut shape. Donuts have a hole for the same reason [bundt cakes](_URL_0_) have their shape.
Consider how heat moves through your food. If it's in the oven or microwave, the heat will hit the outside first, and then it has to travel through conduction to the inside... So if it's a big, thick c... | [
"Because the product requires storage at temperatures below , it is not sold in most grocery stores, as most cannot meet such extreme cooling requirements. Dippin' Dots are sold in individual servings at franchised outlets, many in stadiums, arenas, shopping malls, and in vending machines, as well as at theme parks... |
how do babies gain so much weight with so little protein? | People don't need *that* much protein to grow healthy tissue. Babies and children get plenty of protein from regular-ass food (not to be confused with regular ass-food).
Breast milk has a lot of protein, as well as fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, which you also need to make killer gainz bro. You could argu... | [
"Infants born to young mothers who are not fully developed are found to have low birth weights. The level of maternal nutrition during pregnancy can affect newborn baby body size and composition. Iodine-deficiency in mothers usually causes brain damage in their offspring, and some cases cause extreme physical and m... |
why when we become self-aware of something, such as blinking, we have an increased urge to do it? | Take a second to think about blinking. Now that you’re thinking about it, you probably stopped blinking to see what would happen. In this time, you may have missed several blinks that would’ve happened naturally and not really even been noticed. Now, you’re brain is going to go “oh crap, I didn’t blink! Let me make up ... | [
"For the most part (except for basic bodily feelings like hunger and pain, which are innate), people are able to decide what they want to focus their attention on. However, when one is in the flow state, they are completely engrossed with the one task at hand and, without making the conscious decision to do so, los... |
I have a bit of a "niche" question that may sound silly, but I'm quite interested: how did early seafarers in sailing ships go to the bathroom? Would, say, an ancient Roman and a Portuguese sailerin the Exploration Age use the same "technique," or did it evolve? | This gets asked here from time to time. Check out [this older answer](_URL_0_) that u/davidAOP and I collaborated on. | [
"The history of navigation is the history of seamanship, the art of directing vessels upon the open sea through the establishment of its position and course by means of traditional practice, geometry, astronomy, or special instruments. A few people have excelled as seafarers, prominent among them the Austronesians ... |
Can you tell me about Livius Drusus, the tribune? | We know very little about the tribune of 91 (not to be confused with his relative, tribune of 122 and opponent of Gaius Gracchus). His entire career fits into exactly two chapters of Appian, with a further sentence of 1.37 devoted to the Varian law, which has been the subject of debate for a century and a half. Velleiu... | [
"Gaius used his celebrated oratory, considered to be the best in Rome, to attack his opponents at every chance and frequently lamented the fate of his brother Tiberius. He criticised the Senate's failure to emulate their ancestors' respect for the tribune, citing its decision to wage war on the Falerii for insultin... |
scientifically speaking, what determines the color a leaf will change to in the fall and do trees always change the same color year after year? | Well I don't remember too much about leaf senescence and pigments right now, but here is a quick answer to hold you over until someone comes along and corrects me.
Basically, leaves have colour because of pigments. Different pigments absorb different colours (wavelengths) of light. They also reflect other colours. Lea... | [
"Autumn leaf color is a phenomenon that affects the normal green leaves of many deciduous trees and shrubs by which they take on, during a few weeks in the autumn season, various shades of red, yellow, purple, black, blue, orange, magenta, and brown. The phenomenon is commonly called autumn colours or autumn foliag... |
why is it, with all of our technological advances, that we still don’t have cell service in all areas, especially pretty populated areas? | Mainly, it's expensive to build more cell towers, and the companies that provide cell service don't see a need to spend more money on that. | [
"Some of the most dramatic technological benefits are seen in underdeveloped countries. For instance, cabling for landline telephone service is expensive and requires a lot of time to complete, especially in the most remote areas. Introduction of cellphone service, on the other hand, is much cheaper and dramaticall... |
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