question stringlengths 3 301 | answer stringlengths 9 26.1k | context list |
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what exactly happens when i text/call someone with my cell phone? | When you make a **call**, your mobile transmits a signal to the nearest cell tower. The tower receives the signal and sends it to a switch board via cables. The switchboard either sends the signal to another board through land lines, or line-of-sight microwave transmitters mounted on the tower. The signal then goes to ... | [
"Mobile phone services are prepaid. A person finding himself with inadequate prepaid time to make a call will ring up the intended recipient of the call and hang up immediately. The receiver of the call, hearing the phone ring once and seeing the number, understands himself to have been \"beeped\". Alternatively, i... |
How and why did [heavy] metal music come to so heavily adopt a dark/gothic/"satanic" aesthetic? | This is not the place to ask this question - I doubt there are many certified music historians here. You'd do better off at /r/metal or /r/truemetal or some place like that. [Here's a good FAQ](_URL_0_) that /r/truemetal links to.
That said, it came from the music's origins, really. Black Sabbath (commonly cited as th... | [
"20th-century rock music also had its Gothic side. Black Sabbath's 1970 debut album created a dark sound different from other bands at the time and has been called the first ever \"Goth-rock\" record. Themes from Gothic writers such as H. P. Lovecraft were also used among Gothic rock and heavy metal bands, especial... |
Why was Egypt such a lucrative province for the Romans and the Ottomans? | Well - there are three main ways to extract income from almost any part of the world; trade, taxation, and production.
1) Trade. Egypt was an incredibly nice region for trade because it was an easy route for goods like spices and ivory from India, Indochina, eastern Africa, etc. to find their way to the wealthy mercha... | [
"Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire in 30 BC, following the defeat of Marc Antony and Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatra VII by Octavian (later Emperor Augustus) in the Battle of Actium. The Romans relied heavily on grain shipments from Egypt, and the Roman army, under the control of a prefect appointed by the Empe... |
What did an "attractive" person look like in your particular time period? | Fidel Castro was something of a sex symbol in Cuba during the early 1960s, that is until it was discovered he had skinny legs which is a major turnoff in Cuba. | [
"During the Heian period, beauty was widely considered an important part of what made one a \"good\" person. In cosmetic terms, aristocratic men and women powdered their faces and blackened their teeth, the latter termed \"ohaguro\". The male courtly ideal included a faint mustache and thin goatee, while women's mo... |
[el5] oil prices versus gas prices | Add transportation. Add taxes. Add enough profit to pay rent on a gas station. Add wages. Add theft. Subtract a bit if it attracts people to a sufficiently profitable convenience store.
Net result: you'll pay more in higher tax states, in states farther from refineries, in areas with high rent, and in areas with ... | [
"The price of oil, or the oil price, generally refers to the spot price of a barrel of benchmark crude oil—a reference price for buyers and sellers of crude oil such as West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent ICE, Dubai Crude, OPEC Reference Basket, Tapis Crude, Bonny Light, Urals oil, Isthmus and Western Canadian Sel... |
Why do so many animals on the earth share the same basic internal/external organs? | Because every animal on Earth shares a common ancestor if you go back far enough. | [
"This idea is referred to as Cuvier's principle of correlation of parts, which states that all organs in an animal's body are deeply interdependent. Species' existence relies on the way in which these organs interact. For example, a species whose digestive tract is best suited to digesting flesh but whose body is b... |
if you are driving a car 60 mph off a cliff, will the hit the ground at the same time as someone who drives 20 mph off of the cliff at the exact same time? | Unless air resistance becomes a factor, yes. The car's horizontal and vertical movement can be calculated separately. The faster car will travel further overall, but they'll both get the same amount of time in the air.
If you want, you could test this by rolling rubber balls off the edge of a table at various speeds. | [
"BULLET::::- A car crash can result from hitting rocks, drains, barriers and bridge supports at any speed, or from passing through roadworks on the Mulholland Drive track at speeds greater than 50 mph. Travelling too far up a sloped wall on the aqueduct track at high speed results in the car flipping over.\n",
"R... |
why can the us government drone strike countries and people say nothing about it but striking syria is such a big deal? | We have permission to use drones both in Pakistan and Yemen (where the majority of drone strikes have occurred) as we help them root out some of the radical elements inside their country. I believe our mission in Pakistan is winding down, so there won't be as many in Pakistan. Furthermore, drone strikes aren't technica... | [
"Journalists and human rights organizations have been critical of US-led airstrikes and targeted killings by drones which have in some cases resulted in collateral damage of civilian populations. In early 2017, the U.S. faced criticism from some scholars, activists and media outlets for dropping 26,171 bombs on sev... |
When books first became widely available, were they considered addictive? | In "Corrupted the Morals of Many a Promising Youth"
In the 1790 book Memoirs of the Bloomsgrove Family, Reverend Enos Hitchcock wrote,
The free access which many young people have to romances, novels, and plays has poisoned the mind and corrupted the morals of many a promising youth; and prevented others from improvi... | [
"The word 'addiction' has successfully been traced to the 17th century. During this time period, addiction was defined as being compelled to act out any number of bad habits. Persons abusing narcotics were called opium and morphine 'eaters.' 'Drunkard' referred to abusers of alcohol. Medical textbooks categorized t... |
what would be a military/warfare analogy to our immune system and its response to pathogens/antigens? | [George Carlin](_URL_0_) said it best, I think...
> Besides, what do you think you have an immune system for? It’s for killing germs. But it needs practice. It needs germs to practice on. So if you kill all the germs around you and live a completely sterile life, then when germs do come along, you’re not going to be... | [
"The human body has many defense mechanisms against pathogens, one of which is humoral immunity. This defence mechanism produces antibodies (large glycoproteins) in response to an immune stimulus. Many cells of the immune system are required for this process, including lymphocytes (T-cells and B-cells) and antigen ... |
are machines at bettings shops truly rigged, or are they the same as any other casino game? | It's in their favor, they will make more money than it pays out. So even if someone wins 1000 bucks, they just made like 10,000 bucks. | [
"Modern electronic casino games contain often one or more random number generators which decide the outcome of a trial in the game. Even in modern slot machines, where mechanical reels seem to spin on the screen, the reels are actually spinning for entertainment value only. They eventually stop exactly where the ma... |
why was the t-mobile and sprint acquisition not okay and why is the comcast and time warner acquisition okay? | Well, there hasn't been a ruling yet, but here's a key reason:
In the other failed telecom mergers, those companies competed for the same customers. If AT & T had purchased T-Mobile, wireless customers would have had less choice in the marketplace.
But Comcast and Time Warner, in almost every case, do not compete for... | [
"Had the purchase been completed, AT&T would have had a customer base of approximately 130 million users, making AT&T the largest wireless carrier in the United States. Regulators questioned the effects such a deal would have on both competitors and consumers, with critics stating the deal would likely increase pri... |
Do apes make music? | Hey, great question! The answer is a bit tricky because it depends one how you define music. Chimps have been recorded making sounds by hitting branches against tree trunks, [but because their "drumming" isn't usually on beat/rhythmic most scientists don't consider it true music](_URL_4_). There's not a whole lot of ev... | [
"The Apes (sometimes just Apes) are a noisy, guitarless garage rock foursome from Washington, D.C.. The band formed in 1999 with the lineup of singer Paul Weil, keyboard player Amanda Kleinman (an Arts College advisor by day), bassist Erick Jackson, and drummer Jeff Schmid. They released their first EP themselves, ... |
Mississippi didn't ratify the 13th Amendment (abolishing slavery) until 1995. Why did it take so long? | Article V of the Constitution governs the ratification of amendments. It requires three-quarters (not 100%) of the states to ratify an amendment in order for it to be adopted. So, by that measure, Kentucky and Mississippi were not necessary for the ratification of the 13th Amendment. Several other states which failed t... | [
"BULLET::::- March 16 – Mississippi ratifies the Thirteenth Amendment, becoming the last state to approve the abolition of slavery. The amendment was nationally ratified in 1865. However it didn't make it official until 2013.\n",
"BULLET::::- 2013 – The U.S. state of Mississippi officially certifies the Thirteent... |
Were pirates (especially notable ones like blackbeard) genuinely honorable people who wanted to form a republic separate from the crown or were they just in it for the money? | Marcus Rediker, who wrote some of the most interesting history books on the topic of modern piracy, gives a non too obvious but still quite noticeable marxist view on the matter. You'll find his website here: [_URL_2_](_URL_2_)
# What's Marxist Historiography?
To begin with I feel that a single short paragraph or two... | [
"Meanwhile, a band of notorious pirates—including Edward \"Blackbeard\" Thatch, Benjamin Hornigold, Mary Read (under the alias \"James Kidd\") and Charles Vane, among others—dream of a pirate utopia where man is free to live beyond the reach of kings and rulers. With Edward's help, they seize control of Nassau and ... |
why are speaker cones conical? | A cone, like an arch, has more strength than a flat surface. A flat speaker has a tendency to deflect/bend when in use, causing distortions and potentially mechanical issues (coil crashing into the magnet from twisting, for instance). Using a cone/parabolic shape allows the maximum stiffness with the least material.
Y... | [
"Today the descriptors \"cone\", \"conical hill\" or \"conical mountain\" are mainly used as morphological terms in geography for a steep-sided, isolated hill or mountain, because they are not always seen or described in connexion with volcanic processes.\n",
"A conical surface is generated by a line segment rota... |
Why isn't the atmosphere of Jupiter homogeneous? | Heavier gases tend to get to deeper layers, what you would expect with no activity is an equilibrium that doesn't have a homogeneous mixture, but heavier gases in deeper layers.
Jupiter's interior is still hot, while the outside is cooled by radiation (to space). In addition there is the "daily" cycle of sunlight. Tha... | [
"The atmosphere of Jupiter is classified into four layers, by increasing altitude: the troposphere, stratosphere, thermosphere and exosphere. Unlike the Earth's atmosphere, Jupiter's lacks a mesosphere. Jupiter does not have a solid surface, and the lowest atmospheric layer, the troposphere, smoothly transitions in... |
From medical standpoint, how do we dispose of organs and blood that can't be reused for science? | Well I never dealt directly with organs, but my PhD involved a lot of blood. To dispose of the blood, we poured it out into a container full of 10% bleach. We let this sit overnight to fully kill/break down all the different biological components and then flushed it down the drain with plenty of water.
Solid biohaza... | [
"When dealing with solid tissues, obtaining tissue for cell isolation may be more challenging. Surplus human tissue can sometimes be obtained at the time of planned surgery, for example specimens of right atrial appendage are often excised and discarded during open heart surgery such as coronary artery bypass surg... |
how do companies such as beezid actually work? it sounds way to good to be true | You pay like $1 per bid, but each bid is only a penny toward the value.
If you get in a bidding war with several people on an iPad that's worth $500 and it sells for $6.37, that's 637 bids @ $1 each that beezid gets.. so they make $137 and get to claim they sold an item for $6.37. | [
"Beezid has drawn criticism of its business model for requiring the purchase of bids to participate, and for not disclosing the cost of bidding in their advertisements. Only one person can win any given auction, while the website profits from the bids spent by all the losing participants. Even the winner pays the c... |
how are rockets mounted for a stationary test on the ground to prevent the rocket from flying away? | They use a mint condition just printed child support documents and place them between the ground and rocket. Non detachable and works like a charm infinitely.. | [
"The aft-crossing trajectory is an alternate flight path for a rocket. The rocket's rotation (induced by the deployment from the aircraft) is slowed by a small parachute attached to its tail, then ignited once the carrier aircraft has passed it. It is ignited before it is pointing fully vertically, however it will ... |
1st and 2nd order etc.. differential equations | First order differential equations contain only first derivatives of the variable. Second order equations contain second derivatives (and potentially first derivatives as well). The order, in general, corresponds to the highest derivative of the variable.
| [
"The differential equation () is said to be in Sturm–Liouville form or self-adjoint form. All second-order linear ordinary differential equations can be recast in the form on the left-hand side of () by multiplying both sides of the equation by an appropriate integrating factor (although the same is not true of sec... |
What were the principle medieval trade goods? If I was a merchant in medieval Europe, what would I most likely be trading in? | One of the major changes that happened in western Europe during the central middle ages is the transition from a "make your own" economy where people in rural areas would essentially make their own essential goods for living, from leather goods to clothing and metal goods, either made in their own home (spinning for ex... | [
"BULLET::::- the conclusion that medieval merchant guilds allowed the rulers of trade centers to commit credibly to the security of foreign merchants by developing trade relations and securing merchants' property rights, based on the interpretation of historical evidence in light of a repeated-game model;\n",
"Du... |
What's the advantage of including 0 in the natural numbers? | The natural numbers still aren't a ring when you add 0, because there aren't additive inverses.
It's convenient to define 0 as part of the natural numbers in set theory, because it lets you define the natural numbers in a simpler way. It's convenient for computer science too, since it lets you say array indices are al... | [
"The inclusion of 0 in the set of natural numbers is ambiguous and subject to individual definitions. In set theory and computer science, 0 is typically considered a natural number. In number theory, it usually is not. The ambiguity can be solved with the terms \"non-negative integers\", which includes 0, and \"pos... |
There was a notion during WWII that Rommel was the "good" German (not really ideologically a Nazi, possibly unaware of the Holocaust, died after a failed coup against Hitler). Is this still consistent with what we know of the man? | There are many books out there about Field Marshal Erwin Rommel. Many are about the man and his acts of heroism on the battlefield, and many in recent years have come out to assess his involvement and relationship with the Heer (Army) Officer lead Resistance, and with Operation Valkyrie (the July 20, 1944 failed plot ... | [
"At the same time, the Western Allies, and particularly the British, depicted Rommel as the \"good German\". His reputation for conducting a clean war was used in the interest of the West German rearmament and reconciliation between the former enemies—Britain and the United States on one side and the new Federal Re... |
why were old school superhero cartoons so cheesy? | They were aimed at younger audiences, and at the time the idea was that little kids wouldn't want to watch something with complex and deep dialogue and writing. Superheroes were considered just for little kids, and the idea of writing them so that the parents watching with their kids would also find something enjoyable... | [
"Superheroes have been portrayed in animation since the early 1940s. Up until the late '90s animated cartoons have been the most common venue, right after comics, to depict superheroic adventures. Contrary to live action productions, they do not require expensive sets and special effects, although animation product... |
is there any way to find the curve of the earth using geometry, if so, how? | Early calculations used the sun and shadows to help calculate the curvature of the Earth. Eratosthenes did this calculation using the shadows cast by the sun to find the angle of the earth's curvature, then he used the distance between those points to estimate the circumference of the Earth. He was fairly close, he g... | [
"Knowing the points of intersection of a curve with a given line is frequently useful. The intersection with the axes of coordinates and the asymptotes are useful to draw the curve. Intersecting with a line parallel to the axes allows one to find at least a point in each branch of the curve. If an efficient root-fi... |
Can your fluid intelligence be increased/manipulated at all, or is it all genetic? | there is a good book called "the neuroscience of intelligence by Richard j haier that gives an answer. The way he puts it is that your intelligence is determined 80%by the environment and teaching, and 20% by your genetics when you are a child. By the time you reach age 18 or so, it reverses and becomes 80% genetic and... | [
"Research on the effectiveness of interventions, and the degree to which fluid intelligence can be increased, especially after age 16, is somewhat controversial. Fluid intelligence is typically thought of as something more innate, and defined as immutable after maturity. One recent article however, demonstrates tha... |
if whisky needed a little water, wouldn't the distilleries add it? | Some people like whiskey with a drop of water, some people do not. It is personal taste. However if the whiskey manufactures were to add in the drop of water then there would no longer be a choice. It is easy to add a drop of water at a bar, it is impossible to remove it. | [
"Most new-make malt whisky is diluted to about 60% alcohol by volume (ABV) or so before it is placed in casks to mature (62.5% is specified as a maximum in U.S. law for making straight whisky). The aged spirit is then diluted with water to reduce it to bottling strength (typically 40-50% ABV). Since large amounts o... |
Chicago World's Fair | There's plenty of great stuff out there, but I'll just throw in a recommendation for Bill Cronon's [*Nature's Metropolis*](_URL_0_). A classic environmental history of Chicago -- what a book! | [
"The Chicago World's Fair occurred while Miller studied in St. Louis and it is believed that he attended the fair and saw the thousands of contemporary works that were on exhibit, including works by the artists of the emerging American Impressionist movement and the Tonalist School. During his five years at the Sch... |
how did every culture on the planet at some point in their ancient history invent the concept of teas? | Not every culture did. Some figured out that if you dip certain leaves in hot water, it tastes good, and some learned it from other cultures.
The concept of tea is relatively simple. It's not much of a stretch for every culture to figure it out on their own. | [
"Whether or not these legends have any basis in fact, tea has played a significant role in Asian culture for centuries as a staple beverage, a curative, and a status symbol. It is not surprising, therefore, that theories of its origin are often religious or royal in nature.\n",
"The concept of tea culture is refe... |
How many of an average human's genes are mutations? | As arumbar points out, the human mutation rate is now estimated at around 1.1*10^-8 mutations per base pair per generation. There are ~ 6 billion bases in a human genome, so that yields about 66 new mutations in every individual. Approximately 1.5% of the genome is coding sequence, so under the assumption that these mu... | [
"There are several problems not seen in the above. First, mutations occur as random events. Second, the chance that any site in the genome varies is different from the next site, a very good example is the codons for amino acids, the first two nt in a codon may mutate at 1 per billion years, but the third nt may mu... |
How does inductive charging charge my phone without scrambling the data in it? | The data stored in a phone is not stored on magnetic media like a computers hard drive so the magnetic field doesn't have any affect on memory. Your phone uses flash memory which is not affected by the magnetic fields from an inductive charging mat. | [
"Wi-Charge claims to deliver power using focused beams of invisible infrared light. The system consists of a transmitter and a receiver. Transmitter connects to a standard power outlet and converts electricity into infrared laser beam. Receivers use a miniature photo-voltaic cell to convert transmitted light into e... |
developed nation, undeveloped nation, first world, third world: what information do these terms convey, and how do we use them correctly? | TECHNICALLY the first world are developed capitalist nations that were vaguely alligned with the US after ww2, basically anyone on the US side in the cold war, and the 2nd world are all those nations alligned with the USSR after ww2 i.e. communist nations. The 3rd world is anyone who remained neutral. Due to the nature... | [
"From its origins, the term has been used to differentiate between countries that are considered developed and underdeveloped. Davis and Golden considered a country to be underdeveloped if over half its economically active males were employed in agriculture. The UNESCO report frequently used the terms \"developed\"... |
During WW2, did you have to be a British citizen to fight for the British Armed Forces? | Apologies, I might have answered my own question through research. For those curious:
> Some 10,000 men and women from Germany and Austria, Jews and other opponents of the Nazi regime, fought in British uniform. As "friendly enemy aliens" they could not be compelled to join up. All were volunteers, representing almo... | [
"When the United Kingdom declared war on Germany at the start of World War I, the Australian government followed without hesitation. This was considered to be expected by the Australian public, because of the very large number of British-born citizens and first generation Anglo-Australians at the time. By the end o... |
why do car dealerships (both foreign and domestic) fly huge american flags? | Trying to cash in on the patriotism of consumers. | [
"There is no single national flag airline; passenger airlines in the United States have always been privately owned. There are over 200 domestic passenger and cargo airlines and a number of international carriers. The major international carriers of the United States are Delta Air Lines, American Airlines, and Unit... |
what is a "haircut" in economic terms? | Close. It's when someone puts up collateral for a debt. It's a percentage subtraction from the total value of the collateral, based on the risk of the collateral holding its value. More stable collateral would have a smaller haircut. | [
"In mass media, as well as in economics texts, especially post-GFC, the term \"haircut\" has been used mostly to denote a reduction of the amount that will be repaid to creditors, or, in other words, a reduction in the face value of a troubled borrower's debts, as in \"to take a haircut\": to accept or receive less... |
what happens in the brain during those 10 seconds when you wake up and you don't even know who you are. | Think of your brain like a computer. When you turn a computer on, it doesn't start running right away. It has to boot up first, filling up various bits of the computer with the memory that makes it able to show you cat videos.
When you wake up, it's kind of like your brain rebooting. | [
"BULLET::::- Studies show that individuals express a lack of blood flow to the brain upon awakening. Levels of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood flow velocities (CBFV) will take up to 30 minutes to increase and reach daytime levels. Studies using advanced imaging have shown that cerebral blood flow will ... |
How much has the Salinity of the Oceans decreased after the melting that has occurred during the ending of the Ice Ages? | Sea level during the ice age was 120m lower than today, or .12km. Total area of the oceans today is 361.9 million km\^2. Ignoring area difference between now and then, the volume of melted ice water is .12 x 361.9 or 43.4 million cubic km. The total ocean volume estimate is 1..35 billion cubic km. So the volume inc... | [
"As sea ice ages and thickens, the initial salinity of the ice decreases due to the rejection of brine over time [Fig. 2]. While the sea ice ages, desalinization occurs to such a degree that some multiyear ice has a salinity of less than 1 PSU. This occurs in three different ways:\n",
"The Arctic ocean has experi... |
why movies with good screenplays only have one or two writers, while the typical (and bad) blockbuster scripts often have up to three to four writers? | Because with more writers some movies tend to get written and rewritten, to the point that the story makes no sense anymore. An example would be [Prometheus](_URL_0_), which was passed repeatedly between two writers. Obviously a screenplay with one or two writers would be more "focused". Of course that does not always ... | [
"Screenwriter Terry Rossio notes that there are always multiple film projects with similar subjects being developed in multiple studios while usually only one of them makes it into production in a given period of time, and therefore twin films are better regarded as exceptions. In one case, for the 1974 film \"The ... |
why do certain foods cause food comas, but not others? | When you eat a really big meal, of any type of food really, you'll probably feel tired and sluggish afterwards, the "food coma". This is due to your body diverting blood and energy to start digesting the large load of food. Your body will also release Insulin, a hormone that will help process and store the food for use... | [
"Sugar crashes are not to be confused with the after-effects of consuming large amounts of \"protein\", which produces fatigue akin to a sugar crash, but are instead the result of the body prioritising the digestion of ingested food.\n",
"In general, these nutritional disorders may be caused by malnutrition, such... |
Long ago when people lived in a place with many children and everyone slept and lived in the same room, where did the parents go to have sex? | This question was asked before. /u/vertexoflife provided a thorough answer:
_URL_0_
TLDR: they just had sex with the children present | [
"A group of children, all about the same age, shared a children's house and had a nanny who took care of their everyday needs. Each house had a dining hall, a classroom, bedrooms (3-4 children in each room), and a bathroom. Boys and girls took showers together during elementary school up to the sixth grade, and usu... |
Why is a tesseract depicted the way it is? | I don't know anything about Interstellar so I don't know if I'm missing some important sci-fi context, but as far as why a tesseract is often drawn as a cube-with-a-cube it's fairly straightforward.
Start with a point. This is your 0-cube.
To go up a dimension, add another 0-cube parallel to the first one and connect... | [
"The face of the general is unfinished, either because the sculptors awaited a model to work from, or they had produced the work speculatively with no specific commission. The general and his wife are also each shown twice on the lid frieze, together holding each other's hands at the centre, and singly at the ends,... |
why does the electronic staticy sound my tv (which is hooked up to my computer) makes change when i open programs, go full screen for videos or cycle through firefox windows? | does the cable connecting your pc and tv have a ferrite bead on it? _URL_0_
you are hearing 'noise' generated by the electronic circuits in your system leaking into the audio amplifier in the tv. when you ask the computer to do something different parts of the computer spring into action, the cpu, hd, ram, etc and the... | [
"Many televisions and monitors automatically degauss their picture tube when switched on, before an image is displayed. The high current surge that takes place during this automatic degauss is the cause of an audible \"thunk\" or loud hum, which can be heard (and felt) when televisions and CRT computer monitors are... |
if when a baby had jaundice, they can do phototherapy, why can’t jaundice in adult be treated the same way? | Jaundice in babies is caused by the babies immature liver not being able to handle the breakdown of fetal haemoglobin as it is replaced by adult haemoglobin. The breakdown of haemoglobin makes bilirubin which the liver attaches to other molecules so it can leave the body. Light helps breakdown bilirubin. Severe jaundi... | [
"If the neonatal jaundice does not clear up with simple phototherapy, other causes such as biliary atresia, Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, bile duct paucity, Alagille syndrome, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, and other pediatric liver diseases should be considered. The evaluation for these will incl... |
why do certain musical notes harmonize? | It's the relative position of the peaks and troughs of the wave form. If a second pitch has a waveform that will align a peak frequently, then the sound is considered pleasant. Two notes that are dissonant would have peaks that only aligned after a great number or cycles, which is why dissonant notes have different rat... | [
"Therefore, the combination of notes with their specific intervals—a chord—creates harmony. For example, in a C chord, there are three notes: C, E, and G. The note C is the root. The notes E and G provide harmony, and in a G7 (G dominant 7th) chord, the root G with each subsequent note (in this case B, D and F) pro... |
pixel resolution, and the difference between 1080p, 2k, 4k, and 10-bit | 2K and 4K refer to resolutions higher than 1080. 4K is exactly 4x the resolution of 1080p at a resolution of 3840x2160.
2K is only slightly higher than 1080p but it is a different aspect ratio, a resolution of 2048×1080.
10-bit refers to the color space of the image and has nothing to do with resolution. Most con... | [
"Occasionally, 1080p (Full HD or FHD) has been included into the 2K resolution definition. Although 1920x1080 could be considered as having a horizontal resolution of approximately 2,000 pixels, most media, including web content and books on video production, cinema references and definitions, define 1080p and 2K r... |
how can someone be acquitted of murdering someone, but still be found guilty in a civil suit? e.g. oj simpson. | To win a criminal case, it would have had to be proved *beyond a reasonable doubt* that OJ did it. To win the civil case, it just had to be proved that he did it more likely than not. | [
"In a rare judgement, the Supreme Court acquitted a death row victim who was found guilty and sentenced to death by a trial court and the High Court saying the prosecution has not proved the charge against him of murdering his wife and five daughters on the basis of evidence on record. “In our view, the circumstanc... |
why can't i eat or drink anything before surgery. | Doctor here typing on my phone, so excuse any typos
1)Nausea and vomiting and very common side effects, and it's way more convenient and pleasant for everyone if nothing comes out.
2) before I explain, it's important to realize that the esophagus and trachea are right next to each other, with only the epiglottis... | [
"Before the surgery begins, the surgeon will take multiple blood test, physically examine the patient, and the surgeon will also check the past medical records of the patient to make sure it is safe to conduct the surgical procedure. On top of that, the surgeon doctor will ask about the types of medications that ha... |
what happens when someone dies to access their password-secured accounts (e.g. checking account, email, financial portfolio)? |
I used to do wills/estates before moving to IT/IP, so here's how it works:
1. You can only use a Power of Attorney when the person is alive. Once they are deceased, a PoA is no longer valid and the attorney/executor must derive their authority from the Will.
1a. If the testator is still alive, the Power of Attorney ... | [
"There are several services that offer to keep multiple passwords, sending them to people of personal choice after death. Some of these send the customer an email from time to time, prompting to confirm that that person is still alive, and failure to respond to multiple emails makes the service provider to assume t... |
how does carbon dioxide make stuff taste better when it is supposed to be harmful? | Side note first: CO² **is** poisenous.
Our body is **ex**haling it as a waste product. We are just tolerating a certain amount of it (up to 4%...normallly it is around 0.04%)
Main question: CO² is added to conserve a product, since bacteria that use oxygen and dispose CO² are hampered if they live in a CO² rich enviro... | [
"Liquid carbon dioxide is a good solvent for many lipophilic organic compounds and is used to remove caffeine from coffee. Carbon dioxide has attracted attention in the pharmaceutical and other chemical processing industries as a less toxic alternative to more traditional solvents such as organochlorides. It is als... |
What was the situation with the papal-states during the creation of Italy | > Were they forced into it
They certainly were. Pius IX was the pontiff from 1846 until his death in 1878--basically the entirety of the process of Italian unification. At no point did he accept this process, and he resisted with armed force whenever possible. His armies were largely defeated in 1860-61, leaving o... | [
"By 1861, much of the Papal States' territory had been conquered by the Kingdom of Italy. Only Lazio, including Rome, remained under the Pope's temporal control. In 1870, the Pope lost Lazio and Rome and had no physical territory at all, except the Basilica of St Peter and the papal residence and related buildings ... |
Is it true that near the time of their respective deaths, MLK and Malcolm X were slowly drifting towards each other's ideologies? | After reading Taylor Branch's epic trilogy *The King Era,* I don't recall anything about MLK sympathizing with black separatism or in any way abandoning non-violence. Rather, after the passage of the Civil Rights laws MLK was moving towards a broader agenda, including moving the civil rights fight into the north, elim... | [
"Malcolm X rose rapidly to become a minister and national spokesperson for the NOI. He is largely credited with the group's dramatic increase in membership between the early 1950s and early 1960s (from 500 to 25,000 by one estimate; from 1,200 to 50,000 or 75,000 by another). In March 1964, Malcolm X left the Natio... |
What was it like between Washington, DC and Richmond during the Civil War? Two capitals at war, but just down the road from each other. | I'm a bit confused by your third sentence. Are you suggesting that the area around/between the two capitals did not see much fighting? If so, I really couldn't disagree more. Northern Virginia was the great meatgrinder of the war, a relatively narrow strip of land between mountain and sea where the principal armies of ... | [
"With less than 150 miles separating the two capital cities of Washington, D.C. and Richmond, Virginia, Northern Virginia found itself in the center of much of the conflict of the American Civil War. The area was the site of many battles and bloodshed. The Army of Northern Virginia was the primary army for the Conf... |
Did anyone who opposed interracial marriage claim that it would lead to homosexual marriage? | Not a direct answer, but one reason it was claimed miscongenation was wrong, was because it produced more effeminate off spring.
["....daily observation shows us that the offspring of these unnatural connections are generally sickly and effeminate, and that they are inferior in physical development and strength to th... | [
"There is no evidence to suggest that homosexual sex was involved as part of the original practice of the law of adoption in the 19th century. However, beginning in the 1970s, some members of began to suggest that the leadership of the LDS Church should restore the law of adoption in order to allow same-sex couples... |
Marx expected that the Communist Revolution would have happened in an industrialized nation like the United States instead of a rural nation like Russia. Why did this never happen? | You may have already contemplated this, but just to begin with some additional precision, Marx envisioned a proletarian revolution, and not just a revolution *tout court*. Definitionally then, you won't see a proletarian revolution in a nation that hasn't industrialized and developed a proletarian class.
The reason th... | [
"Many notable academics such as Karl Popper, David Prychitko, Robert C. Allen, and Francis Fukuyama argue that many of Marx's predictions have failed. Marx predicted that wages would tend to depreciate and that capitalist economies would suffer worsening economic crises leading to the ultimate overthrow of the capi... |
why do men run the 110 meter hurdles while women run only 100 meters? | Historically, the lengths of the hurdle events varied greatly for both men and women. The men's even settled into 10 hurdles and 110m, while the women did 8 over 80m.
In the 1960s, they experimented with increasing the number of hurdles in the women's event to 10, and experimented with various distances. They settle... | [
"The height of the low hurdles was 30 inches, otherwise referred to as 2 feet 6 inches or 76.2 centimetres. It is the same height women now run for their long hurdles, generally the 400 metres hurdles. The races were frequently run on a straightaway, necessitating tracks to be constructed with long \"chutes\" to ac... |
How can scientists determine the size of a species from only a few fossilized bones? | Size estimates of extinct species are difficult to produce, especially with limited fossil material. The best way to go about it is to compare the fossils to the bones of closely related extant (living) species, which is easy enough for most mammals but very difficult for something like a dinosaur.
In the case of a m... | [
"As there are thousands of fossils, mostly fragmentary, often consisting of single bones or isolated teeth with complete skulls and skeletons rare, this overview is not complete, but does show some of the most important finds. The fossils are arranged by approximate age as determined by radiometric dating and/or in... |
why in advanced physics can you only know a particles speed or location (but not both) | > Why in advanced physics can you only know a particles speed OR location (but not both)
So in physics this is called the [uncertainty principle](_URL_0_), and it stems from the fact that objects have both particle-like and wave-like properties.
Let's make an analogy. Imagine that you drop a stone into a lake, and ... | [
"It is one thing to say that physical measurement of the first particle's momentum affects uncertainty in its \"own\" position, but to say that measuring the first particle's momentum affects the uncertainty in the position of the \"other\" is another thing altogether. Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen asked how can the... |
whatever happened to esperanto? | Esperanto is alive and well in the 21st Century with a lively community on the internet. The new course on language-learning site Duolingo is proving extremely popular, the Esperanto wikipedia has more articles than many natural language editions and social media are making it easier than ever for Esperanto users acros... | [
"Though Esperanto itself has changed little since the publication of (\"Foundation of Esperanto\"), a number of reform projects have been proposed over the years, starting with Zamenhof's proposals in 1894 and in 1907. Several later constructed languages, such as Universal, were based on Esperanto.\n",
"In its fi... |
liberalism | More information might be needed. What's considered "liberal" varies somewhat from country to country. | [
"Classical liberalism is a political ideology and a branch of liberalism which advocates civil liberties under the rule of law with an emphasis on economic freedom. Closely related to economic liberalism, it developed in the early 19th century, building on ideas from the previous century as a response to urbanizati... |
if someone were farsighted in one eye and nearsighted in the other, wouldn't they just balance out? | You aren't viewing the farsighted lens' vision through the nearsighted lens, to correct the farsightedness, or vice versa.
You've got a farsighted (out of focus) image, and a near-sighted (out of focus) image. Two out of focus images. | [
"Single vision lenses correct for only one distance. If they correct for far distance, the person must accommodate to see clearly up close. If the person cannot accommodate, they may need a separate correction for near distances, or else use a multifocal lens (see below).\n",
"Many people with near-sightedness ca... |
Do infants need to learn how to walk, or do they just need to build up the muscles? | On my phone so not sure if this link is so great but it has to do with the time it takes for neuronal myelination to occur. The motor neurons are still developing the capacity to communicate with each other quickly enough. So there is cognitive learning, but there is a physiological development as well.
_URL_0_ | [
"Consider the problem all infants face learning to walk. They spontaneously recognize that walking is more efficient than crawling--an instrumental valuation of a desirable end. They learn to walk by repeatedly moving and balancing, judging the efficiency with which these means achieve their instrumental goal. When... |
Were Native American aware of the existence of other continents before 1492? | As you can see on [this map](_URL_2_), the Yup'ik live on both sides of the Bering Strait and made regular voyages between Siberia and Alaska until both the USA and the USSR banned such travel during the Cold War. The ban was temporarily lifted after the Cold War, but was quickly reinstated by Russia until last year. ... | [
"With the realization that the Americas represented regions of the Earth of which the Europeans were not aware earlier, there arose intense speculation over the question whether the natives of these lands were true humans or not. Together with that went a debate over the (mis)treatment of these natives by the Conqu... |
how do huge hotels like cesar's palace or the bellagio provide wifi for 1000's of rooms? | If you had a big garden and wanted to water all of your plants it would take too long to use one house, so you would split the hose to create multiple paths of water. And at the end of each house you wouldn't just let the water pour out in one steam, but put a sprinkler in it to distribute the spray. If your garden was... | [
"The rooms contain a sofa, a large TV with cable and international channels, a large bed with option to roll out a single bed from underneath, a large desk, a microwave, a refrigerator, a bathroom with bath and shower, and a separate toilet. The hotel also has wireless internet access in every room (for a small fee... |
What is impedance ? | It's a general term used to indicate the resistance to the passage of an influence through a material.
Thermal and acoustic impedance for example. If you get a junction where two materials of different impedance contact, you can get attenuation. So, for instance, acoustic insulation often consists of alternating hard... | [
"The impedance is the complex ratio of the voltage to the current with both magnitude and phase at a particular frequency in an AC circuit. In this sense impedance is a measure of the ability of the capacitor to attenuate alternating currents and can be used like Ohms law\n",
"Impedance is the opposition by a sys... |
What speed and mass would an impactor have to be to break through the thinnest ice crust of an icy moon? | Props for the cool idea but ...
The first major problem is that when exposed to space liquid water flash freezes. So you can't impact and then mosey over with your sub afterwards because it would already be frozen over. Sub insertion would have follow very closely on the heels of the impact, meaning whatever the sub i... | [
"A 1-kg object impacting at 10 km/s, for example, is probably capable of catastrophically breaking up a 1,000-kg spacecraft if it strikes a high-density element in the spacecraft. In such a breakup, numerous fragments larger than 1 kg would be created.\n",
"Using equations describing impact effects based on work ... |
Is there any truth to the claims that mass shooters are almost always on, or have been on, psychiatric medications? | Maybe. But the claim is rather uninteresting. There's at least two possible conclusions to be drawn if it is true:
1. Psychiatric treatment makes you shoot people.
2. People with psychiatric problems are more likely to shoot people.
The *implied* narrative is of course that psychiatric drugs make you go out shoot peo... | [
"BULLET::::2. Mental illness and its treatment (or the lack thereof) with psychiatric drugs. This is controversial. Many of the mass shooters in the U.S. suffered from mental illness, but the estimated number of mental illness cases has not increased as significantly as the number of mass shootings. Under 5% of vio... |
Is there any actual evidence that multiple dimensions and universes exist? | There is not.
The BICEP2 result from about a year ago seemed to imply that the universe had undergone such a rapid expansion in its early stages that there are sections of it that would never be able to see each other, which spawned some discussion about what this would imply and whether it was even scientifically jus... | [
"Finally, the first two results each appeared to establish 11 dimensions, the third result appeared to specify the theory, and the last result explained why the observed universe appears to be four-dimensional.\n",
"If the universe is finite but unbounded, it is also possible that the universe is \"smaller\" than... |
how does a touch screen detect touches under glass? | It measures capacitance. Your finger is conductive. The "glass" is non-conductive. There is a layer of transparent conductor under the glass. Wherever your finger touches, a capacitor forms -- an area capable of holding an electric charge. By reading the capacitance of each area of the screen, it can determine where it... | [
"Several technologies can be used to detect touch. Resistive and capacitive touchscreens have conductive materials embedded in the glass and detect the position of the touch by measuring changes in electric current. Infrared controllers project a grid of infrared beams inserted into the frame surrounding the monito... |
Did civilizations conquered by the Romans retain their culture? | For a long time, we believed that, in some form or another, that there was a process of conscious and guided Romanization - that is, a process that led to the conquered people (with the admitted exception of hellenic cultures) becoming, in effect Roman. They would adopt the Latin language and Roman customs, Roman dress... | [
"In the 5th century, the Iberian Peninsula (the Roman Hispania) was conquered by the Germanic Suebi and Visigoths. As they adopted the Roman civilization and language, however, these people contributed with some 500 \n",
"Prior to the Roman conquest, a large part of Western Europe had adopted the newly developed ... |
Is there any proof that some nunneries in the Middle Ages were actually brothels? | Basically, no. While medieval people were generally very skeptical of women's ability to not be oversexed little lustdemons, the beliefs that (1) celibacy was *basically* impossible and (2) nuns were being horribly exploited by the Church, tricked into practicing empty ritual instead of focusing on real salvation, are ... | [
"Many of London's Medieval brothels were located in the part of Southwark which fell under the jurisdiction of Winchester Palace, the residence of the Bishops of Winchester. In 1161 a parliament of Henry II introduced regulations allowing the Bishops to license brothels and prostitutes in the area, which became kno... |
why are airplane controls so god damnned complicated?? | In addition to all of the aeronautical controls, airplanes have many systems for lighting, radio, fuel controls, navigation, intercoms, oxygen and more. Plus, lots of these systems have backups and redundancies, all of which have to have controls. Many have different controls for left and right.
[Read more about ai... | [
"Because this type of aircraft control (with loss of control surfaces) is difficult for humans to achieve, some researchers have attempted to integrate this control ability into the computers of fly-by-wire aircraft. Early attempts to add the ability to real airplanes were not very successful; the software was base... |
how is high salt intake "bad for you" if the japanese eat so much of it and have the life expectancy they do? | It isn't, unless you have an existing heart condition.
High-salt meals cause a short-term rise in blood pressure. For much of the late 20th century it was believed that long-term salt intake caused chronic high blood pressure. Chronic high blood pressure is known to cause health problems. But research in the last f... | [
"Moreover, the traditional Japanese diet is very high in salt intake, and yet the Japanese have the highest life expectancy in the world, and low rates of cardiovascular disease. Shimazu and others note, \"we have found that the Japanese dietary pattern is associated with lower CVD mortality, despite the fact that ... |
When did turkeys and cranberries come to be associated with Thanksgiving? | William Bradford, second governor of Plymouth first records eating turkey's in 1621. They were not considered particularly special.
> They begane now to gather in ye small harvest they had, and to fitte up their houses and dwellings against winter, being all well recovered in health & strenght, and had all things ... | [
"The use of the turkey in the US for Thanksgiving precedes Lincoln's nationalization of the holiday in 1863. Alexander Hamilton proclaimed that no \"Citizen of the United States should refrain from turkey on Thanksgiving Day,\" and Benjamin Franklin had high regard for the wild turkey as an American icon, but turke... |
Why does it seem like the Persian Empires get shafted in popular history and culture? The Parthians & Sassanids are barely mentioned, if at all in textbooks, even though they rivaled the Roman Empire. Is this Western bias, or are there a lack of sources? Even little old Carthage gets more love. | As a related question, how is Persian history taught in Iran? Do they focus a lot on the various Persian Empires? What about Iraq and Afghanistan? | [
"Rome and Sassanid Persia had been at war with one another for much of the first quarter of the seventh century. With both empires still feeling the effects of such a long series of battles, an Arab threat took advantage of the weakening empires. The Persians faced defeat west of the Euphrates in Qadisiyya in what ... |
Want to study a war where a country/state is in between two other countries/states. Historical examples? | France/Belgium/Germany seems relevant. Sandwiched between both major powers, Belgium was used by the Germans as a backdoor into France in both World Wars.
Is that helpful? In truth I'm a little confused as to what exactly your looking for. Could you elaborate a bit more? Perhaps if you give us some insight as to the p... | [
"Nations and alliances are created, formed and destroyed in the course of the war and after, one of them is the Regimu Kingdom, a new state that incorporate the former nation of Ukraine, Poland, Slovack, Romania and Bulgaria, but in 87 GU (2087 AD) a nationalist revolt result in the fall of the monarchy and the cre... |
I have a newfound love for Ancient Roman politics. Any book suggestions from my beloved AskHistorians on this topic? (Non-fiction please!) | He might be a bit dated, but I really enjoyed Gruen's *Last Generation of the Roman Republic*. Exploded a lot of misconceptions I had about the period of the late Republic. | [
"Festus felt that the last four books on Rome's rising power \"outweighed the rest\", but later Roman historians largely disregarded the \"Origins\" because it eschewed consular dating and highlighted his own political career so heavily. Livy pointedly remarked that Cato was \"not the man to minimize his own achiev... |
can someone explain to me how the us government works? | I'll limit my explanation to the Federal government, but most state governments follow the same basic principles.
There are three branches of the government (which balance each other through a system of *checks and balances*) :
**EXECUTIVE**
* Simple Description: The President
* How do I get in?: Nation-wide electio... | [
"As the primary government institution in the executive branch, the cabinet is ultimately responsible for the administration and management of various government agencies and departments. It is also the primary institution for the formulation of policies with regards to all areas of politics and governing. Legislat... |
When a ball is dropped towards the ground what is pictured as happening in the terms of General Relativity? | It travels in an inertial reference frame (as there's no proper acceleration). This involves traveling along a "straight line" in spacetime, which because of the distortion due to gravity forces some of the spacetime interval to be spacial as well. This is actually a bit hard to visualize and it stumps a lot of people ... | [
"This imaginary experiment predicted that a cannonball dropped down a tunnel going straight through the centre of the Earth and out the other side would go past the centre and rise on the opposite surface to the same height from which it had first fallen on the other side, driven upwards past the centre by the grav... |
what is the military grade gps and why can't we receive its signals just like normal gps? | You are receiving the military signals. The US military disabled selective access in 2000, and ever since everyone on the planet has had the exact same GPS accuracy as the US military. Prior to 2000, the last few decimal points of the timecode were encrypted, so that only the US military could get full accuracy. | [
"When GPS was first being put into service, the US military was concerned about the possibility of enemy forces using the globally available GPS signals to guide their own weapon systems. Originally, the government thought the \"coarse acquisition\" (C/A) signal would give only about 100-meter accuracy, but with im... |
Ancient Explanations of Static? | This is one of our most frequently asked questions! Please see /u/hillsonghoods' excellent answer [here](_URL_0_). | [
"The notion of a static unchanging Form and its identity with Substance represents the metaphysical view that has come to be held as an assumption by the vast majority of the Western philosophical tradition since Plato and Aristotle, as it was something they agreed on. is called a form or a substance is not generat... |
how does smoke ward off mosquitos? | Mosquitoes (and gnats, for what it's worth) are super tiny little critters with super duper tiny little respiratory systems. Their little lungs (or equivalent, I'm not sure exactly what insects use to breathe) can't handle filtering out the smoke particles, so they stay away from it and seek a cleaner air source. This ... | [
"There are other methods that an individual can use to protect themselves from mosquito bites. Limiting exposure to mosquitoes from dusk to dawn when the majority of mosquitoes are active and wearing long sleeves and long pants during the period mosquitoes are most active. Placing screens on windows and doors is a ... |
German colonialism in the 19th century? | Without you being more specific, I can't be entirely sure what you are after, but Sebastian Conrad's *German Colonialism: A Short History* (which does exist in English) is a good introduction to the topic, and the selected readings towards the end provides a good bibliography for a variety of topics he touches upon - i... | [
"The German Colonial Society () (DKG) was a German organisation formed on 19 December 1887 to promote German colonialism. The Society was formed through the merger of the (; established in 1882 in Frankfurt) and the Society for German Colonization (; established in 1884). The Society was headquartered in Berlin.\n"... |
How many plants and how big of a dome would a person need to live in a sealed, indefinitely life sustaining ecosystem? | Are you at all familiar with the biosphere-2 experiment? You might find it interesting how vexing the balance of plant:animal proved to be. In effect it was a lot more complex than just how many plants are necessary to produce enough oxygen, since there are other factors involved that cause variation in photosynthesis,... | [
"These single celled algae are from 2 mm to 200 mm long. They live on substrates in shallow warm marine waters, usually less than 20 meters deep. They are very large cells. They are able to attain these sizes without numerous internal cell wells because they build calcium carbonate shells around themselves.\n",
"... |
is there any discernible benefit to shampoos instruction to "lather, rise, repeat if needed" or is it just a ploy to get you to use twice as much shampoo? | It depends on your type of hair. If you have short hair, or thin hair, you can probably get away with a single wash and be fine. On the other hand, if your hair is long or thick, then it's probably best to wash your hair in two steps using half the amount of shampoo you normally would use on each step. | [
"One reason is concern about the effect of ingredients typically found in commercial hair care products. Shampoo typically contains chemical additives such as sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium laureth sulfate, which can irritate sensitive skin or if not thoroughly rinsed. Such chemical additives are also believed by... |
Were communists slightly more tolerated in the United States during the period of WW2 when we were openly allies with Russia? | Follow up question. Was there ever a time when communists were notable political players in the US? | [
"The subsequent wartime alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union brought the American Communist Party newfound credibility. During the war, membership in the party reached a peak of 50,000. As World War II drew to a close, perceptions changed again, with communism increasingly becoming a focus of Ame... |
how does harmonizing work? | Each musical note has an associated frequency. When played with other notes, the sound waves may either augment each other or disrupt each other. Harmonization typically works by playing multiple notes that augment each other, causing their sound waves to create a fuller sound.
The underlying mechanics are in the math... | [
"A harmonizer is a type of sophisticated pitch shifter that combines the altered pitch with the original pitch to create a two note harmony based on the original pitch, or even with some pedals, three note harmony. Some hamonizers are able to create chorus-like effects by adding very tiny shifts in pitch.br \n",
... |
what exactly do we need to start colonizing mars? | First, we need to find reliable ways to recycle everything we use in a sealed environment. We've done some good research in this area, but we've got a lot of work to do. For major things like O2 or water, we're pretty good, but reliably getting food out there is going to be a challenge. We'll have to be able to either ... | [
"Mars colonization is advocated by several non-governmental groups for a range of reasons and with varied proposals. One of the oldest groups is the Mars Society who promote a NASA program to accomplish human exploration of Mars and have set up Mars analog research stations in Canada and the United States. Mars to ... |
Can we figure out the properties of a material just by knowing how it is atomically structured? | There is a lot that can be determined by the structure of an element or material, but it is not a one-stop-shop for all properties. I can only speak to mechanical properties, as I do not have a background in optics. Knowing the structure of a material generally tells about the mechanisms that will result in deformation... | [
"As mentioned above, structure is one of the most important components of the field of materials science. Materials science examines the structure of materials from the atomic scale, all the way up to the macro scale. Characterization is the way materials scientists examine the structure of a material. This involve... |
How do ISS astronauts prevent pathogen transfer? | NASA uses a [pre-launch quarantine] (_URL_0_) to ensure that no one in space is sick in the first place. In addition all food and water is sanitized before it is stored.
| [
"Meanwhile, Mission Control managers determined that the ISS would not need an avoidance maneuver to avoid a piece of orbital debris. Updated tracking information showed that the ISS and the debris would not pass close enough the following day to require any action.\n",
"Researchers in 2018 reported, after detect... |
- semantics | It's rather hard to explain but it's about meaning of things. So two words, efsef and cat. Cat has semantics whereas efsef. When you hear cat, you know it means the 4 legged, disinterested in everything animal. Whereas efsef has no meaning. You can't attach it to anything.
Another example is Semantic satiation. You k... | [
"In computer science, the term \"semantics\" refers to the meaning of language constructs, as opposed to their form (syntax). According to Euzenat, semantics \"provides the rules for interpreting the syntax which do not provide the meaning directly but constrains the possible interpretations of what is declared.\" ... |
what makes older games (specifically games like fallout: new vegas) so incompatible with current operating systems like windows 10? | Libraries, Registry Keys and Screen Resolution would be the main offenders, also, OS changes a lot from a version to another, it's more noticiable if you are more of and advanced user (support engineer, computer programmer and stuff like this). System and CPU architecture (x64 and x32) are also a huge factor for older ... | [
"Although remakes typically aim to adapt a game from a more limited platform to a more advanced one, a rising interest in older platforms has inspired some to do the opposite, adapting modern games to the standards of older platforms, sometimes even implementing them on obsolete hardware platforms, either physical ... |
what would be the best possible thing to do when your phone gets completely submerged in water, and why? | 1. Take out the battery.
2. Bury the phone in a bowl of rice (uncooked, obviously) overnight.
Removing the battery reduces the probability of something shorting out because of the water.
The rice will absorb moisture from the phone, and dry it out much more quickly and thoroughly than air-drying.
No guarantees, but ... | [
"BULLET::::- Underwater communication: Divers cannot talk underwater unless they are wearing a full-face mask and electronic communications equipment, but they can communicate basic and emergency information using hand signals, light signals, and rope signals, and more complex messages can be written on waterproof ... |
Is there any record of Joseph Stalin ever expressing any remorse for his executions, repressions, or for the death of his son Yakov? | I'm going to recommend you (or anyone else interested in this topic) read [*Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar* by Simon Sebag Montefiore](_URL_0_).
The word "remorse" does not appear in that book.
However, "sorrow" does show up on page 525 of the 2007 edition:
> "Yet Stalin talked about their acquaintances murdere... | [
"With the exception of Vladimir Milyutin (who died in prison in 1937) and Stalin himself, all of the members of Lenin's original cabinet who had not succumbed to death from natural causes before the purge were executed.\n",
"Romain Rolland and others wrote to Stalin seeking clemency for Bukharin, but all the lead... |
romney and bain capital | Romney used to work for a company called Bain Capital. They are a private equity firm. Bain's makes money by buying companies in failure, and fixing them up and then reselling them. House flipping for the fortune 500 is an oversimplification.
Bain usual technique (which is common for the industry) was intead of tryin... | [
"In 1984, Romney left Bain & Company to co-found and lead the spin-off private equity investment firm, Bain Capital. He had initially refrained from accepting Bill Bain's offer to head the new venture, until Bain rearranged the terms in a complicated partnership structure so that there was no financial or professio... |
why does chicken separate into little strings when you tear it? | Most Meat is muscle tissue. Muscle is made of strands of tissue that work together to do whatever that muscle is. That's being broken apart when you cut it, and that's what you're seeing. | [
"Chicken is also sold in dismembered pieces. Pieces may include quarters, or fourths of the chicken. A chicken is typically cut into two leg quarters and two breast quarters. Each quarter contains two of the commonly available pieces of chicken. A leg quarter contains the thigh, drumstick and a portion of the back;... |
how do some teenagers or young adults get volunteer work in south america or africa? | Often, such volunteer work are mission trips organized by their church, funded by the congregants. | [
"In 2008, Anderson co-founded South African Youth Education for Sustainability (SAYes), which helps in empowering marginalised young people in South Africa through youth mentoring. The nonprofit organization provides youth leaving children's homes with guidance that enables them to develop their skills, further the... |
sociopaths, how do they work? | You know how some people are born without eyesight, and we call them blind? They don't see anything, you can imagine what it's like to be blind by closing your eyes and never, ever opening them. And a deaf person was born without hearing, like if you stuck your fingers in your ears and never took them out?
A sociopath... | [
"Organizational psychopaths generally appear to be intelligent, sincere, powerful, charming, witty, and entertaining communicators. They quickly assess what people want to hear and then create stories that fit those expectations. They will con people into doing their work for them, take credit for other people's wo... |
Will it ever be possible for North and South Korea to exist as one, unified country? | I think this question is stretching the concept of "history", maybe /r/Asksocialscience is a better fit.
anyway, [here's a background article on the costs of potential reunification](_URL_1_), drawing parallels with Germany (we're still not completely over it - for example, tehre still are income inequalities between ... | [
"North Korea suggests the One country, two systems formula to bring about Korean unification, through a confederation of two systems within one country. China has also promoted the idea; the difference between North Korea's motivation and China's is that North Korea seeks to maintain two separate governments, while... |
why characters on shows have to hide apple logos on their laptops | If you're not paying for advertising you don't get it for free. And it also works the other way. Apple may not want to be associated with their show. It's just easier all around to not have any logos of anyone other than official sponsors. | [
"In 1977, Janoff worked for Regis McKenna as an art director and was tasked to design the logo for Steve Jobs of Apple Computer, creating an apple with a bite out of it, included so that people did not mistake the apple for a cherry or another fruit. The colored stripes in the logo were to indicate that Apple machi... |
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