Split (2)

train · 226k rows

question stringlengths 3 301	answer stringlengths 9 26.1k	context list
Why Indian History is so less represented in /r/AskHistorians and /r/History	If it is to be, it's up to thee.	[ "In his Sanskiti ke Chaar Adhyay, he said that despite various cultures, languages and topography, India stands united, because \"however different we may be, our thoughts are one and the same\". 'Dinkar' made the understanding of historical perspectives much more direct by looking at the history of India's culture...
how does the 3rd party doctrine not violate the 4th amendment?	The Third Party Doctrine has usually been justified on the basis that you have no reasonable privacy interest in information you're already passing off to other people. If you send a letter from to Johnny, the Post Office can't intercept it (without a warrant), but Johnny can give it to the police if he likes. The pro...	[ "The Fourth Amendment is often used to argue against the federal raids that occur in the homes of unlawful immigrants, sometimes resulting in illegal searches and seizes. The Fourth Amendment has been interpreted to signify that a warrant or probable cause is required in order to search a home, but this is not the ...
how the society comes up with minimum alcoholic drinking age? is there any story from it somewhere?	In the US very few places had drinking ages until prohibition, when no one was legally allowed to drink. Once prohibition was repealed every state set their own drinking ages. Some chose low ages like 16, some chose 21 and everywhere inbetween. Most had them around 18 or 19. During the 1980s there was a major movement...	[ "There are multiple views on the drinking age and how it should be handled. Most people argue one of three views, whether it should stay 21, lower to 18, or raise to 25. Some people, such as sociology Professor David Hanson, suggest lowering it. Underage drinking is already common, but NHTSA spokeswoman Evelyn Avan...
. why all cell phone cameras make the 'shutter sound' and there is no option to turn it off?	In some jurisdictions the shutter sound is a legal requirement to help prevent people from taking compromising pictures of unsuspecting persons without the victims knowing about it.	[ "One of the main drawbacks is the fake shutter sound that the camera emits when taking a photo, something that many reviewers noted that worsens the experience of taking photos, as the sound cannot be turned off.This fake shutter sound can be clearly heard when shooting at 1/10 s or slower, at faster speeds it is e...
What "part" of an atom emits a photon? Does it come from "an" electron, or is it created somehow in the orbital cloud? Or maybe the nucleus?	Photons typically come from the energetic decay of an electron, but gamma rays can also be emitted from the nucleus.	[ "As a photon is absorbed by an atom, it excites the atom, elevating an electron to a higher energy level (one that is on average farther from the nucleus). When an electron in an excited molecule or atom descends to a lower energy level, it emits a photon of light at a frequency corresponding to the energy differen...
What are the fastest accelerating things we have ever built?	In a 1950s underground nuclear test, a manhole cover, placed on top of the shaft that the bomb was in, accelerated to at least 66 km/s in less than a single frame from a high speed camera. _URL_0_ XKCD talking about the manhole cover: > A brief story: > The official record for fastest manmade object is the Hel...	[ "The 25-foot-long landlocked human propulsion systems can cover the quarter mile in 4.4 seconds at up to 540 kilometres per hour. Mostly using a 4130 chrome moly chassis constructed in the USA. They weigh about 1000 kg which makes for a massive power to weight ratio. \n", "On February 14, 2014, on the Kennedy Spa...
can you explain the business model for professional sports like the nba and nfl?	NBA is technically owned by the teams. Teams earn by selling tickets and merchandise (jerseys etc) , so there is always an incentive to play well and win games. Successful teams will always have an easier time filling stadiums, selling Curry jerseys so on and so forth. NBA as a whole negotiates TV broadcast rights that...	[ "The most major of industries related to sports are the professional leagues that most of the other industries in the sporting world revolve around. The major American sports leagues are the first 5 in the list following and include football, basketball, hockey, baseball and soccer. Most players in these leagues ma...
is there any data to support the notion that coffee is 'safer' than energy drinks?	I don't believe the question has much relevance. What does a mid-morning coffee have to do with someone slamming down vodka-RedBulls or JaegerBombs all night so they can keep partying, or 12 year olds getting buzzed on sugar and caffeine at lunchtime? Energy drinks are marketed and consumed in a totally different w...	[ "A 2017 review of clinical trials found that drinking coffee is generally safe within usual levels of intake and is more likely to improve health outcomes than to cause harm at doses of 3 or 4 cups of coffee daily. Exceptions include possible increased risk in women having bone fractures, and a possible increased r...
why it is easier for me to drum my fingers from pinky to thumb rather than the other way around.	Because you lack coordination.	[ "Many drummers consider practicing this technique with brushes before moving on to stick exercises. This is because of the lack of bounce in the brush that incites greater discipline in the motion between the fingers and thumbs.\n", "To get these faster rolls, percussionists (keyboard, snare and timpani) all ofte...
how is sepp blatter still the president of fifa?	When was the last time the CEO of Bank of America/Target/Walmart got impeached? It's a corporation, not a government. If he wants to stay President, unless he does something that puts him in jail, which he could still stay president, there's nothing forcing him to leave. The whole FIFA thing is a crockpile of shit	[ "Amid a major corruption scandal at FIFA, incumbent Sepp Blatter was re-elected to a fifth term as FIFA President during the 65th FIFA Congress on 29 May 2015, defeating Prince Ali bin Hussein of Jordan. On 2 June, Blatter announced his intent to resign, remaining in office until an extraordinary FIFA Congress conv...
why does moderate consumption of alcohol boost your immune system	For anyone to answer this you need to link the journal. Frpm what you have said I would guess that moderate levels of either alcohol or the products released into the blood stream on alcohol metabolism have an effect on microRNA expression, and the microRNA(s) expressed cause CD8 cell differentiation. SO you don't kn...	[ "Excessive alcohol intake is associated with an elevated risk of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), heart failure, some cancers, and accidental injury, and is a leading cause of preventable death in industrialized countries. However, extensive research has shown that moderate alcohol intake is associated with health be...
Does blood clot when you die?	I'm also a bit confused by your initial question and description. Are you asking if blood clots after death or the inflammatory response that closes up wounds? Fatal injuries would kill the animal by definition, and most likely the cause would be because of loss of blood, so no, the bleeding would not stop because the...	[ "Chronic IV access leaves a foreign body in the vascular system, and blood clots on this IV line are common. Death can result from pulmonary embolism wherein a clot that starts on the IV line breaks off and travels to the lungs, blocking blood flow. \n", "Epidural bleeding is often rapid because it is usually fro...
how do trade agreements work?	Without trade agreements: - Country A and Country B both grow lots of wheat. - In order to ensure their farmers are kept in work, both countries impose tariffs on imported wheat - if a baker wants to import wheat, he has to pay a tax which is (high) proportion of the cost of the wheat he's importing. - This encourag...	[ "A trade agreement (also known as trade pact) is a wide-ranging taxes, tariff and trade treaty that often includes investment guarantees. It exists when two or more countries agree on terms that helps them trade with each other. The most common trade agreements are of the preferential and free trade types are concl...
Does continental drift affect tunnels and bridges?	Continental drift - and other kinds of ground motion - affect any piece of engineering that is built across places that move relative to each other. High-value structures like pipelines are sometimes built to accommodate the deformation where they cross a fault line. The [Trans-Alaska Pipeline survived a M7.9 earthqua...	[ "Turbidity currents can sometimes result from submarine seismic instability, which is common with steep underwater slopes, and especially with submarine trench slopes of convergent plate margins, continental slopes and submarine canyons of passive margins. With an increasing continental shelf slope, current velocit...
Is there any validity to the "one electron theory?"	In quantum electrodynamics, this is a possibility, because you just have the electron-electron-photon vertex. However, if you introduce the weak force, your electron can disappear into the electron-W boson-electron neutrino vertex. So... no. But it's a neat-as-all-hell idea that is a possibility in a simpler theory.	[ "A scientific theory which attempts to describe \"electrons\" is inherently abstract, as no one has ever observed an electron directly. Thus, the origin and content of the concept of \"electron\" is questionable. What does the word exactly signify? Ramsey and Lewis proposed that the meaning of the term \"electron\"...
Tornadoes spin in opposing directions in respect to the hemisphere that they are on. Hypothetically speaking, what would happen if a tornado formed near the equator and crossed its plane?	The rotational direction of a tornado isn't as constrained as that of a hurricane or other large feature, because they rotate so quickly over such a small radius. Modern tornado-chasing with mobile Doppler radar has found that tornadoes in the same storm rotating in opposite directions are actually fairly common. ...	[ "It has been thought in the past that tornadoes moved almost exclusively in a northeasterly direction. This is false, and a potentially deadly myth which can lead to a false sense of security, especially for unaware spotters or chasers. Although the majority of tornadoes move northeast, this is normally due to the ...
Why does my vision blacken shortly when I get up after laying down for a while?	Orthostatic Hypotension. A drop in blood pressure because your vessels can't constrict fast enough to keep adequate blood pressure in your brain.	[ "If left untreated, exophthalmos can cause the eyelids to fail to close during sleep leading to corneal dryness and damage. Another possible complication is a form of redness or irritation called \"Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis\", where the area above the cornea becomes inflamed as a result of increased fric...
Were amphitheaters in Ancient Greece also used for purposes other than theater plays?	Not that we are aware of. But keep in mind that the spaces weren't entertainment spaces in the way we think of them now, but centers where religious festivals take place, which was the purpose of the plays to begin with. They weren't multipurpose type spaces like the Romans had later. If you want to read more on this ...	[ "There exist similarities between the theatres and amphitheatres of ancient Rome/Italy. They were constructed out of the same material, Roman concrete, and provided a place for the public to go and see numerous events throughout the Empire. However, they are two entirely different structures, with specific layouts ...
what is the psychological reason candy companies make products containing different colors even if there is no change in flavour?	Variety and bright colors can attract the attention as well as convey flavor. Testing has shown that the color of food can convince people that it is a different flavor than what it actually is. Furthermore, people have an expectation that certain foods are a certain color. If they’re not it can be off putting.	[ "People associate certain colors with certain flavors, and the color of food can influence the perceived flavor in anything from candy to wine. Sometimes the aim is to simulate a color that is perceived by the consumer as natural, such as adding red coloring to glacé cherries (which would otherwise be beige), but s...
Does muscle tissue differ significantly between mammals and reptiles?	From a histological point (looking at a slide), they look pretty much the same (the one major difference is if there are blood vessels supplying these muscles shown on the slide, since avian and reptilian blood looks very different from mammalian: they have nuclei in their red blood cells, for one). On a cellular level...	[ "The muscles and nerves are much simpler than those of most other animals, although more specialised than in other cnidarians, such as corals. Cells in the outer layer (epidermis) and the inner layer (gastrodermis) have microfilaments that group into contractile fibers. These fibers are not true muscles because the...
either the universe continues indefinitely, or it has an edge somewhere, both boggle the mind to imagine, which is correct?	We may never actually know! From our position in the universe, there is a distance away from us that is expanding away from us so quickly that no light (and thus no object) could possibly reach Earth. That distance defines the observable universe, and that is much smaller than the size of the universe itself. This i...	[ "In due order a new cycle of the universe begins (\"palingenesis\"), reproducing the previous universe, and so on forever. Therefore, the same events play out again repeated endlessly. Since the universe always unfolds according to the best possible \"reason\", any succeeding world is likely to be identical to the ...
How prevalent was aerial dogfighting after world war 2?	Korea had the infamous "MiG Alley" and included the first jet-to-jet kills, but the Vietnam war was more of the end of dogfighting as we know it (close combat, cannon kills.) The USAF switched to primarily missile tactics where a pilot would get a radar lock, fire his missiles from miles away, and leave the area. The F...	[ "Dogfighting became widespread in World War I. Aircraft were initially used as mobile observation vehicles, and early pilots gave little thought to aerial combat. The new airplanes proved their worth by spotting the hidden German advance on Paris in the second month of the war.\n", "Immediately following the Span...
Can capillary action be used to draw water 'uphill'?	I think the problem with your machine is that your capillaries are sucking the water that is in the upper end back in with the same force with they are pumping the water up in the first place. So getting a droplet to separate from the straw requires a stronger force than gravity else it wouldn't have been sucked up in ...	[ "Capillary action (sometimes capillarity, capillary motion, capillary effect, or wicking) is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of, or even in opposition to, external forces like gravity. The effect can be seen in the drawing up of liquids between the hairs of a paint-brush, in ...
Why did warfare change so drastically in the 20th century?	What stopped people from lining up shoulder to shoulder and shooting at the enemy? Machine guns. [Here's](_URL_0_) a quick example of how efficiently a mounted machine gun can sweep across an open field. The "go out in the open and shoot each other" had been becoming more lethal over the course of the 19th century...	[ "There are several reasons for the rise of total warfare in the 19th century. The main one is industrialization. As countries' capital and natural resources grew, it became clear that some forms of warfare demanded more resources than others. Consequently, the greater cost of warfare became evident. An industrializ...
what kind of device or technique do radio stations use to get immediate access to almost every song and/or sound effect?	I don't remember the exact numbers, but nearly every radio station in America is owned by a couple companies. It's really, really not just a patchwork of independent stations like the old days. So they have control over millions of listeners and are able to get direct access to content from the major labels as soon ...	[ "The name of Radionomy is a contraction of two words: radio + \"autonomy\". Radionomy allows users to create their own online radio or listen to online radio, all created and programmed by users. Through a platform called \"RMO\", they can choose music, chronic and radio jingles or they wish to broadcast their radi...
How and when did the population in Italy switch from Romans to Italians?	Over the course of a few hundred years, certain names tend to go out of favor and others into favor - and of course you constantly have foreign names being introduced, especially in times of invasion. But, as with all of the other Romance languages - the local dialect of Latin developed into its own language, Italian. ...	[ "In the 1st and 2nd centuries, the vast majority (80–90%) of the empire's inhabitants were \"peregrini\". By 49 BC, all Italians were Roman citizens. Outside Italy, those provinces with the most intensive Roman colonisation over the approximately two centuries of Roman rule probably had a Roman citizen majority by ...
Are smoke and ash composed of the same chemicals?	Typically ash contains the unburnt elements, with [wood ash](_URL_0_) this is mostly potassium, calcium, sulphur and iron sometimes. Smoke on the other hand when it is visible is mainly water vapor, and partially burnt hydrocarbons. In a well controlled fire, it should be nearly clear until the water vapor condenses, ...	[ "Smoke contains a wide variety of chemicals, many of them aggressive in nature. Examples are hydrochloric acid and hydrobromic acid, produced from halogen-containing plastics and fire retardants, hydrofluoric acid released by pyrolysis of fluorocarbon fire suppression agents, sulfuric acid from burning of sulfur-co...
Is it possible for a PC monitoror to be adjusted to the prescription of a person with impaired vision?	No. You cannot correct vision by simply making the source blurrier, blurriness is additive, you lose information when you make something blurry that cannot be recovered. Glasses and contact lenses don't work by making an image blurry, they work by distorting the image before it passes through the lens in your eye, th...	[ "In many cases, frequent computer users suffer from computer vision syndrome, which is a degenerative eye problem which can result in severely reduced eyesight (Myopia), blurred vision, overall eye tiredness and even Glaucoma. Computer Eye Syndrome is an umbrella term for many problems but the causes of these probl...
why does deleting system32 brick a computer?	System32 contains most of the Libraries and System files that the operating system needs to function. Files like DLL's that contain functions called by various applications including the OS itself. Drivers to make hardware function, most of the built in Windows applications and utilities, control panel applets, the co...	[ "Beginning with the 1.0 version launch in mid-1998, a new process was added to the file deletion process known as “bleaching”. This file encryption process seeks out files with random characters in their names, destroys them and then permanently removes them from the computer’s hard drive. A custom cookie selection...
How did the brain first evolve?	Cephalization is the term you are looking for- the congregation of sensory cells in a part of the body. This evolved because an animal that could sense it surrounds better was more likely to to reproduce and pass on its genes- Having a concentrated cluster of sensory cells in one area also opened the possibility for th...	[ "Prior to Greenough's work, the prevalent belief was that the structure of the brain was determined very early in life and did not change substantially other than to degenerate as a result of damage due to injury, illness, or aging. It was believed that synapses were formed early in brain development, and that once...
What is the most profound cave depth in wich human paintings have been found?	Likely they were referring to [this recent discovery](_URL_0_) where the drawing are 1,000 ft underground. Just because it take modern man hours to get to the site doesn't mean it did in prehistoric times. Changes in the cave system could have closed off entrances and reshaped caverns making it much more difficult to ...	[ "Probably the most famous and deepest cave in the region is the Gouffre Berger cave. This cave includes the narrow shafts, descending into the Grand Galerie, which itself is home to very large and very old stalagmites. This particular system follows the slope of the limestone beds for , until it meets the flooded a...
How did the Europeans discover/react to the Aurora Borealis?	Heya, I've taken a look at ancient/medieval accounts of the aurora here: * [Were there ever religious pilgrimages to the northern lights?] (_URL_0_) One thing that I didn't really hit on explicitly is the reminds that Europe, latitude-wise, is a lot farther north than at least Americans tend to think. It seems sighti...	[ "As part of her research, Feynman made a critical discovery about the nature and cause of auroras. Using data collected by a NASA spacecraft known as Explorer 33, she demonstrated that the occurrence of auroras is a product of the interaction between the Earth's magnetosphere and the magnetic field of the solar win...
How do four wheel steering cars turn at high speeds?	At high speeds, cornering as we usually define it (=significant direction change) never really happens, you could say that you adjust the direction rather than change it. It is thus perfectly acceptable to slightly decrease the car's cornering abilities (rotating around its z-axis, or yaw) to favor a more stable and ...	[ "In this power steering system, the force steering the wheels comes from the car's high pressure hydraulic system and is always the same no matter what the road speed is. Turning the steering wheel moves the wheels simultaneously to a corresponding angle via a hydraulic cylinder. In order to give some artificial st...
the constant controversy surrounding the canadian seal hunt.	They're fuzzy and cute. That is all.	[ "In March and April 2008, \"Farley Mowat\" was involved in controversy related to the 2008 Canadian commercial seal hunt. On 12 April 2008, Fisheries and Oceans Canada seized \"Farley Mowat\" in the Cabot Strait after the ship came near the seal hunt without an observation permit and two collisions with a coast gua...
Similar to Feudal baronies, did Roman provinces ever fight eachother?	To avoid angering Medievalists, I'm going to define the warfare you are thinking of as "in which one subpolitical entity goes to war with another pursuing aims specific to the subpolitical entity, rather than broader national ones". For example, if Governor Roy Cooper of North Carolina marched on Charleston to declare ...	[ "In 105 B.C., two Roman forces were defeated by the Cimbri and Teutones in the Battle of Arausio. These forces were led by Servilius Caepio of a firmly ingrained Roman heritage and Mallius Maximus from a newer, aspiring family. The defeat is credited to a lack of coordination due to strife between them as Caepio re...
I have always seen the Cossacks as a symbol of Russia, but between 1917 and 1933 the Soviet government followed a policy of "eliminate, exterminate, and deport" the Cossacks. Why did this happen? What would it have been like to be a Cossack at this time?	(1/2) The Cossacks are a uniquely interesting group, with a distinct history from the various other national and ethnic groups in the Russian Empire, Soviet Union, and modern Russian Federation. Cossacks began as an informal group, the word originally from a Turkic language meaning "free people" and first appearing in ...	[ "The Cossacks were serfs who ran away from the Russian Czar and found refuge amongst free peoples of the North Caucasus. Initially they lived side by side with the North Caucasians, adopting their uniform – cherkesska, verta, Caucasian dagger, and papakha. When the Russian Empire expanded, the Russians had made a s...
Are the experiences of handicapped people in the Third Reich comparable to other prosecuted groups?	To add a bit to /u/UWCG 's answer: It is important to know that the already mentioned Law for the Prevention of Hereditary Diseased Offspring cast a very wide net in terms of who was to be its victim. It was part of the Nazi push to eliminate those from the gene pool who according to their eugenic and racial theories ...	[ "Margarete Hielscher (September 12, 1899 in Arnsdorf - April 13, 1985 in Stadtroda) was a German doctor, who was involved in Nazi crimes in the context of \"child euthanasia\". Margarete Hielscher propagated in 1930 a segregation of mentally handicapped people whom she described as \"hereditary inferiority\". Durin...
How were Nazi sympathizers treated after the war in different countries, ie France, Poland etc?	In the Netherlands, to prevent large-scale lynchings and mob justice, special laws and [a court](_URL_0_) were instituted when part of the country was liberated to deal with collaborators. About 150.000 people were arrested (1.6 percent of the whole population), including 3500 fully innocent people. Because of the mass...	[ "UPA initially supported Nazi Germany which had in turn supported them with financing and weaponry before the start of World War II. Many served in the various RONA and SS units. Once they became disillusioned with the Nazi program, they independently began to target all non Ukrainians (Poles, Jews, Russians, among...
Is there something like a Lagrangian point for a galaxy?	Short answer: any such situation would be unstable and we don't have the precision to measure it anyway. The expansion of the universe happens outside of gravity wells, where objects are too far away to fall toward each other. Interactions between galaxies are a fuzzy thing, with tidal forces being quite important due...	[ "In astronomy, Lagrangian points are five positions in the orbital plane of two large orbiting bodies where a small object affected only by gravity can maintain a stable position relative to the two large bodies. The first three Lagrangian points (L, L, L) lie along the line connecting the two large bodies, while t...
why does ziti taste so different from spaghetti?	I can't really accurately answer this question, because it's your personal preference, and I can't explain that - just like I wouldn't expect anyone to know why I like the mango-flavored Odwalla drinks and not the strawberry-flavored ones. (Both are insanely delicious, but the mango one just really hits the spot, I d...	[ "It consists of spaghetti served with a sauce made from tomatoes, minced beef, garlic, wine and herbs; sometimes minced beef can be replaced by other minced meats. In this sense it is actually more similar to Neapolitan ragù from the south of Italy than the northern Bolognese version of ragù. Often accused of 'inau...
What is the smallest theoretical size a transistor could be?	I'm not directly answering your question here but in the current generation of transistor there are more important research topics to be discussed than decreasing the size of the transistor. Like someone else posted in here, the technology node has meant nothing for many years. It has become more of a business relate...	[ "In 2012 MIT researchers announced the smallest transistor ever built from a material other than silicon. The Metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) is 22 nanometers long. This is a promising accomplishment, but more work is needed to show that the reduced size results in improved electronic per...
how do they craft a perfume, and then how do they decide whether its for men or women? whats the chemistry behind it?	To create a perfume you need to be able to extract or create a scent, create a medium to carry that scent, a method to apply that scent and to make sure it doesn't immediately dissipate. Scents are usually essential oils. You can obtain or create essential oils from natural sources through methods like pressing, crush...	[ "The composition of a perfume typically begins with a \"brief\" by the perfumer's employer or an outside customer. The customers to the perfumer or their employers, are typically fashion houses or large corporations of various industries. The perfumer will then go through the process of blending multiple perfume mi...
I have a vague understanding of the requirements of Imperial Chinese civil service exams, but I've never seen an actual answer translated into English. Could anyone point me to a translated exam answer and provide some context to explain why this answer was good or bad?	I asked a similar question a year ago [here](_URL_0_) which has some actual questions with English translations courtesy of /u/xingfenzhen.	[ "The imperial civil service examinations were designed as objective measures to evaluate the educational attainment and merit of the examinees, as part of the process by which to make selections and appointments to various offices within the structure of the government of the Chinese empire, or, sometimes, during p...
During the World Wars, did the female nurses face the risk of sexual violence from soldier of their own countries?	There is certainly much that can be said for other nations, but having written previously on the Red Army, I'll repost what I have written on that topic as regards women in uniform and sexual relations. Not just rape and sexual violence, but also consensual relationships. It also isn't solely about nurses, although to ...	[ "Women were barred from serving in battle, but due to shortages of men, ATS members, as well as members of the other women's voluntary services, took over many support tasks, such as radar operators, forming part of the crews of anti-aircraft guns and military police. However, these roles were not without risk, and...
How did the anti-war sentiment during Vietnam evolve into hatred for Vietnam veterans?	The idea that they got an extensive amount of hate isn't technically something that holds up in the face of facts. As I've discussed before [in threads regarding](_URL_1_) [the myth of veterans](_URL_2_) [being spat at](_URL_0_), most Vietnam protesters considered the soldiers to be victims and that the leadership was ...	[ "A persistent but unfounded criticism leveled against those who protested the United States's involvement in the Vietnam War is that protesters spat upon and otherwise derided returning soldiers, calling them \"baby-killers\", etc. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, years after the war in Vietnam ended, the pro...
Did the civil war top generals ( Grant, Lee) ever participate in a face to face combat	u/Georgy_K_Zhukov wrote a few years ago about "[Which US presidents have killed someone directly?](_URL_0_)," which addresses the Grant side of your question. As a general throughout the Civil War, Grant would not have seen frontline combat there. During his prior service in the Mexican-American War, Grant appears to h...	[ "Francis \"Frank\" Crawford Armstrong (November 22, 1835 – September 8, 1909) was a United States Army cavalry officer and later a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He is also known for being the only Confederate general to fight on both sides during the Civil War.\n", ...
What prevents full recovery of nerves after reattachment?	Just had a lecture on this! That's actually only half true. In the Central Nervous System (Brain and Spinal Cord) supporting cells called Astrocytes form a scar in the cleanup of the damaged cell and prevents regrowth. In the Peripheral Nervous System (axon tracts leading to/from the Brain and Spinal Cord) however do ...	[ "The length and efficiency of recovery is depended on the regenerative process that may require 6 to 18 months. The length of the nerve and site of the injury influences the recovery time. To avoid tension during recovery (generally 10–14 days), minimizing movement of the nerve may reduce risk of further damage. Re...
does niche have different meanings when pronounced nitch va kneesh?	It's not pronounced 'nitch'. It's always pronounced 'kneesh'. It generally means 'a small space'. This can literally be a small space (a niche in the wall), or a figurative small space (a niche specialisation).	[ "For most English speakers, the name for the letter is pronounced as and spelled \"aitch\" or occasionally \"eitch\". The pronunciation and the associated spelling \"haitch\" is often considered to be h-adding and is considered nonstandard in England. It is, however, a feature of Hiberno-English, as well as scatter...
what about the molecular structure of an object makes an item edible?	Our bodies have stomach acid to break down materials to smaller bits and specific enzymes to digest many common biological molecules, We can absorb certain bits from the food to use. What we can't use, or just didn't because of imperfect efficiency, gets deposited out the other end. Anything that has these molecules...	[ "Many natural products have very complex structures. The perceived complexity of a natural product is a qualitative matter, consisting of consideration of its molecular mass, the particular arrangements of substructures (functional groups, rings etc.) with respect to one another, the number and density of those fun...
why couldn't a currency-less world where you barter for everything ever work?	"I need shoes." " Ok what do you have to swap for them?" "Umm I can paint, work the cash register, clean. Or do you want a TV?" "Nah I don't need any of that stuff" "Oh" It would be far too complicated and difficult	[ "In economies with an unstable currency, barter and other alternate currency arrangements such as dollarization are common, and therefore when the 'official' money becomes scarce (or unusually unreliable), commerce can still continue (e.g., most recently in Zimbabwe). Since in such economies the central government ...
do those himalayan salt lamps and the ocean air really have more negative ions? if so, what about them supposedly makes you feel better?	No. They look cool, and you can get a nice placebo effect from them, but that's about it. None of those "salt rooms" have any proven medicinal effect, either.	[ "Adaptation to saline environments by halophytes may take the form of salt tolerance or salt avoidance. Plants that avoid the effects of high salt even though they live in a saline environment may be referred to as facultative halophytes rather than 'true', or obligatory, halophytes.\n", "A recent study suggests ...
Is sleeping on the floor bad for your body?	You'll be fine without one, although, you will probably not sleep well since your body isn't used to it.	[ "Some treatments involve lifestyle changes, such as avoiding alcohol or muscle relaxants, losing weight, and quitting smoking. Many people benefit from sleeping at a 30-degree elevation of the upper body or higher, as if in a recliner. Doing so helps prevent the gravitational collapse of the airway. Lateral positio...
what is actually happening when you hear interference from a mobile through a speaker of some sort?	Any time a radio device is heard on a speaker it is because the high-frequency carrier is being "filtered out" and instead the baseband frequencies (those that are audible to us) are being picked up and amplified by the audio circuit you are listening to. In normal operation radio systems the carrier frequency is high...	[ "Interference is the addition of two or more waves that results in a new wave pattern. Interference of sound waves can be observed when two loudspeakers transmit the same signal. At certain locations constructive interference occurs, doubling the local sound pressure. And at other locations destructive interference...
when you read that flu has killed otherwise healthy people, what are the symptoms that actually take them out? are they drowning in lung fluid or exhaustion from coughing, or what?	A few ways. The flu can cause intense inflammation in your lungs and you can die from respiratory failure. That's the most direct way (along with heart or organ failure, also brought on by inflammation). But the flu can kill you by making you susceptible to other bad stuff, too, because your body is weak and slow...	[ "Occasionally, influenza can cause severe illness including primary viral pneumonia or secondary bacterial pneumonia. The obvious symptom is trouble breathing. In addition, if a child (or presumably an adult) seems to be getting better and then relapses with a high fever, that is a danger sign since this relapse ca...
what is the minimal theoretical speed at which a meteorite can enter the earth atmosphere?	11.2 km/s This is the escape velocity of the Earth. Anything not in a stable orbit which is traveling less than that would have fallen inwards towards the Earth. Anything new that enters Earth's gravitational sphere of influence will accelerate up to at least this speed before hitting the atmosphere	[ "Herschel, who was then Professor of Physics and Experimental Sciences at Durham College of Physical Science in Newcastle upon Tyne, rushed to Middlesbrough on hearing the news to supervise the recovery and examination of the meteorite. By experimentation, replicating the conditions of the impact, he determined the...
state machine design pattern	What, specifically, are you asking about? Would you like to know what a finite state machine is? Or are you interested in designing your software to work like a finite state machine? Or are you asking about [this paper](_URL_0_)?	[ "The state pattern is a behavioral software design pattern that allows an object to alter its behavior when its internal state changes. This pattern is close to the concept of finite-state machines. The state pattern can be interpreted as a strategy pattern, which is able to switch a strategy through invocations of...
How did Queen Elizabeth I View Separatists (Pilgrims)?	As far as I have read, a couple of Separatists (John Greenwood and Henry Barrowe) were executed in 1593 (near the end of Elizabeth I's reign) for advocating Separatism. After an intense crackdown, their followers fled to the Netherlands which eventually formed the basis of the Pilgrims of the Plymouth Colony. Other t...	[ "Non-separatist Puritanism is described by author Everett Emerson as \"an effort to continue and complete the reformation of the Church of England\" which had begun under Henry VIII of England. Following the reformation, Queen Elizabeth chose a middle way for the English Church between the two extremes of Calvinism...
when you have a drink on an airplane, and the plane banks, why does the liquid stay level with the plane and not level with the earth?	Okay little buddy. Let's try this. Next time we turn in our car tilt your glass until the water is level in that glass. That's the angle the plane is turning! (I'm an airline pilot and a dad)	[ "An investigation by the Interstate Aviation Committee revealed that both pilots were intoxicated by alcohol and that the plane was \"far off course\". The final report identified as contributing factors a low level of crew discipline and inadequate supervision by the airline, the inaction by the crew following the...
why does base ball have umpires and every other sport have referees?	couldn't tell you but baseball isn't the ONLY sport with umpires. Here in Australia we prefer to use the term umpire over referee so you have a basketball umpire, an AFL umpire, a cricket umpire. They're exactly the same thing anyway so why does it even matter? It's essentially aubergine vs. eggplant.	[ "The assistant referees' duties generally consist of judging when the ball has left the field of play – including which team is entitled to return the ball to play, judging when an offside offence has occurred, and advising the referee when an infringement of the Laws has occurred out of his or her view. These two ...
why hasn't the u.s. been invaded in hundreds of years?	> "The Americans are truly a lucky people. They are bordered to the north and south by weak neighbors and to the east and west by fish." - Otto von Bismarck (attributed) Simply put, geography. America's geostrategic position is superb. It is bordered by the Atlantic and the Pacific, oceans which even in the modern er...	[ "The concept of an invasion of the United States relates to military theory and doctrine which address the feasibility and practicality of a foreign power attacking and successfully invading the United States of America. The United States has been physically invaded a few times, once during the War of 1812, once du...
Is it really possible to waste electricity?	Imagine that you're getting your electricity from a hydro-electric power plant. In this case, the electricity going to your light bulb is generated by generators at the dam, which convert the rotational kinetic energy of the water turbines to electricity. The water turbines get THEIR energy by converting the gravitatio...	[ "A waste-to-energy plant is a waste management facility that combusts wastes to produce electricity. This type of power plant is sometimes called a trash-to-energy, municipal waste incineration, energy recovery, or resource recovery plant.\n", "Electronic waste (e-waste) is a global problem; especially since many...
How would the cosmos/physics change if space suddenly stopped expanding?	Microphysics, ie the laws that we observe here on Earth, would not change. One interesting thing that would change is that cosmic structure would begin to grow again; density perturbations have trouble growing in an expanding universe, and even moreso in an accelerating expansion. Because of this, the rate of format...	[ "Based on a huge amount of experimental observation and theoretical work, it is now believed that the reason for the observation is that \"space itself is expanding\", and that it expanded very rapidly within the first fraction of a second after the Big Bang. This kind of expansion is known as a \"\"metric\"\" expa...
Why wasn't Washington DC's Southwest corner restored, after the Civil War?	By which you mean: why weren't Arlington & Alexandria reabsorbed into the District of Columbia after the civil war?	[ "Many of the buildings on the north side of Constitution Avenue apparently are built on top of the creek, including the Internal Revenue Service Building, part of which is built on wooden piers sunk into the wet ground along the creek course. The low-lying topography there contributed to the flooding of the Nationa...
why do marvel movies (and other heavily cgi- and animation-based films) cost so much to produce? where do the hundreds of millions of dollars go to, exactly?	I work in film and have a VFX degree and here's how it goes: 1. About half the money, give or take, is for above the line talent. So you have your actors, directors, producers, ect. They get paid in a percentage or in absurdly high amounts for films. These people are also accommodate on set so production has to rent o...	[ "As of the start of September 2015, films based on Marvel's properties represent the highest-grossing U.S. franchise, having grossed over $7.7 billion as part of a worldwide gross of over $18 billion. As of May 2019 the 'MCU' has grossed over $20 billion.\n", "In April 2010, rumors circulated that Marvel was look...
How can free will exist in the universe without breaking physics?	Guys, if you don't know the answer don't make one up.	[ "Therefore, we see at once that there cannot be any such thing as free-will; the very words are a contradiction, because will is what we know, and everything that we know is within our universe, and everything within our universe is moulded by conditions of time, space and causality. ... To acquire freedom we have ...
Since the perceived gravitational force at the center of the Earth is nearly nothing, is the center of the Earth experiencing time flowing faster relative to the surface of the Earth?	There was [a paper](_URL_0_) recently that calculated this explicitly, it turns out the center of the Earth is about 2.5 years younger than the surface. edit: [free pdf](_URL_1_)	[ "Because this reference frame rotates several times a minute rather than only once a day like the Earth, the Coriolis acceleration produced is many times larger and so easier to observe on small time and spatial scales than is the Coriolis acceleration caused by the rotation of the Earth.\n", "An approximate valu...
Why does caffeine dissolve preferentially in propan-1-ol over water?	Look at the structure of caffeine. It appears to be non-polar, indicating that it is more soluble in non-polar solvents (or weakly polar). n-Propanol is slightly polar (on one end) but it is mainly non-polar (on the rest of the molecule chain), meaning that it can dissolve the caffeine. Water is strongly polar, indicat...	[ "In method of action, the preparation is exactly identical to that of caffeine base as the citrate counter ion dissociates in water. Doses of caffeine citrate, due to the added weight of the citrate moiety, are understandably higher than with caffeine base, i.e., it takes a larger dose to get the same amount of caf...
" why a gdp growth of 0.5% per year isn't good enough?	* Inflation is higher than 0.5%. Real gross domestic product growth is negative. * Population growth is higher than 0.5%. The gdp per capita is shrinking. * Other countries have higher gdp growth. You are falling behind compared to other countries.	[ "The target of sustained 4% annual GDP growth is not universally accepted among economists. Even some of the authors of chapters in The 4% Solution disagree that such an accelerated growth rate is possible on a sustained basis in the United States. Robert E. Lucas, Jr., for example, is noted in an introductory chap...
I am traveling from Hangzhou to Constantinople on the silk road in 1348. How long does it take me? What route do I take? What am I selling/trading? Is a journey such as mine even realistic?	hi! there's lots of room for more input here, but thought you might get something out of these posts that relate somewhat to the experience of traveling the silk road. I've omitted posts addressing what is traded - run a search on "silk road" to find more * [Was the Silk Road a one-way street?](_URL_3_) * [Were t...	[ "BULLET::::- Marco Polo (\"c.\" 1254 – 8 January 1324), trader and explorer, one of the first Westerners to travel the Silk Road to China. While a prisoner in Genoa, he dictated in the tale of his travels known as \"Il Milione\" (\"The Travels of Marco Polo\").\n", "BULLET::::- Hill, John E. (2015) \"Through the ...
how money in digital form can have value	The exact same way that paper money has value. If everyone agrees that the numbers are worth something, and will do work or provide goods for those numbers, then they have value.	[ "According to the Bank for International Settlements' November 2015 \"Digital currencies\" report, it is an asset represented in digital form and having some monetary characteristics. Digital currency can be denominated to a sovereign currency and issued by the issuer responsible to redeem digital money for cash. I...
how do you refinance a car? (usa)	Just go talk to a loan officer at your bank and they will help you understand your options. If your current loan is from a different bank/lender, you will have to call them and have them send you a "10 day pay off".. which is just a statement of the amount your new loan would have to be in order to pay off the previous...	[ "Many U.S. states have enacted additional laws that apply specifically to the repossession of purchased and leased automobiles, and which are intended to afford additional consumer protections. Typical requirements include mandating that auto lenders provide consumers with opportunities to either \"reinstate\" or \...
Why do the electron and proton have the same electric charge?	That's a good question that doesn't really have a good answer yet. According to some pretty high precision experiments, they really are exactly equal. There is a proof by Paul Dirac (IMO one of the most brilliant physicists in history) that if even one [magnetic monopole](_URL_0_) exists anywhere in the universe, t...	[ "The charge on electrons and protons is opposite in sign, hence an amount of charge may be expressed as being either negative or positive. By convention, the charge carried by electrons is deemed negative, and that by protons positive, a custom that originated with the work of Benjamin Franklin. The amount of charg...
why does america supply bad guys/enemies with weapons?	First things first: despite what you see in movies, the world doesn't easily divide into good guys and bad guys. No one thinks that they are the "bad guy"; only the other side views them as such. Now, let's look at an easy historical comparison. The Soviet Union was an American ally during WWII, however as soon as tha...	[ "Three American soldiers, Captain Chadwell, Lieutenant Junger and Sergeant Smith, are sent by Washington to recover the weaponry, or failing that to destroy them so they cannot be used against the army. They get help from a blond adventurer, Koran, a bounty hunter who carries a pink umbrella and quotes extensively ...
what is nat? and why there are online games that are not using nat filter?	So NAT stands for Network Address Translation, its a technique for dealing with the fact that ISPs don't have enough internet addresses to give one to every device on the internet. Instead they'll give a network address to your home router, then your home router will give a private (non-internet) address to all device...	[ "NATS is an open-source messaging system (sometimes called message-oriented middleware). The NATS server is written in the Go programming language. Client libraries to interface with the server are available for dozens of major programming languages. The core design principles of NATS are performance, scalability, ...
Was there any pre-internet equivalent of an "internet troll"? (Serious question)	You could argue that radio [shock jocks](_URL_2_) at times fall into this category when they perform certain pranks. Also, the tabloid press could fit the description when they intentionally spread false or misleading stories. The [Weekly World News](_URL_5_) fits this description nicely. Orson Wells' [War of the Wo...	[ "The idea of internet trolls gained popularity in the 1990s, though its meaning shifted in 2011. Whereas it once denoted provocation, it is a term now widely used to signify the abuse and misuse of the Internet. Trolling comes in various forms, and can be dissected into abuse trolling, entertainment trolling, class...
Animals wake up and execute actions immediately, why do humans take significant time to do the same?	I find your question interesting, but I disagree with your hypothesis. Having been around various animals throughout my life both in domestic settings and in the wild, my observations have been that animals have a very similar reaction to the state between sleep and consciousness. Animals upon waking are known to yaw...	[ "BULLET::::- Pendulum: animals are prevented from entering into REM sleep by allowing them to sleep for only brief periods of time. This is accomplished by an apparatus that moves the animals' cages backwards and forwards in a pendular motion. At the extremes of the motion, the animals experience postural imbalance...
why do charging chords stop working?	The metal cables inside the plastic/rubber wear out. These are the conductors that carry the electrical signal. The are arranged in a little bundle inside the casing. They become frayed or broken, especially at the junctions where they connect to the USB or lightning tip. When enough of the metal is damaged, the curren...	[ "In flux braking the increased current means increased losses inside the motor. The braking power is therefore also increased although the braking power delivered to the frequency converter is not increased. The increased current generates increased losses in motor resistances. The higher the resistance value the h...
why do male professional soccer players pretend to be injured a lot while female professional soccer players seem to continue playing through actual injuries?	When millions of dollars are on the line, its worth it to flop a little bit to get the calls you want. For women, not so much money, so theres no point in selling a call to be called a whiny flopping bitch for no profit	[ "The league has received many complaints from players in regards to safety. Since the uniforms cover very little skin, the players are very susceptible to injury. Ex-lingerie football player Nikki Johnson was one of the many players that experienced injuries in her time in the league. Those injuries included injuri...
Do we have the technical ability to implement accountable and secure voting in elections via the internet? What challenges have kept this from happening so far?	We have billions of financial transactions taking place every day over the internet. I don't see why would implementing an online voting system be very difficult.	[ "The use of the Internet in elections is a fairly recent concept and as with any new technology it will undergo a certain amount of scrutiny until people can fully trust it and implement it into worldwide elections. Critics of online voting argued that online voting isn't secure enough and thus creates a large amou...
why is gossiping so intriguing?	Gossip actually serves an evolutionary function of you subscribe to evolutionary psychology. Here's some more info: _URL_0_ To summarize though, primates spend a lot of time grooming each other, gossip is purported to be the linguistic expression of grooming. We tend to judge and evaluate each other through gossipin...	[ "Gossip also gives information about social norms and guidelines for behavior. Gossip usually comments on how appropriate a behavior was, and the mere act of repeating it signifies its importance. In this sense, gossip is effective regardless of whether it is positive or negative Some theorists have proposed that g...
why does it get windy?	wow fucking awesome, i always think it was from the earth spinning lol	[ "It is nearly always windy. During summer a high-pressure ridge lies to the south, causing persistent winds from the southeast or southwest at speeds exceeding almost half the time. During autumn and winter, the ridge moves north, increasing atmospheric pressure over the islands and creating variable winds. Winter ...
why does a baseball team have a manager instead of a head coach?	Managers don’t come up with defensive plays and don’t coach pitchers or batters. They have coached under them that do that. Managers decide who is playing, what the batting lineup will be, and who is pitching. They also make substitutions throughout the game.	[ "In general, Major League Baseball teams will have one person specifically assigned to each coaching position described above. However, minor league and amateur teams typically have coaches fulfill multiple responsibilities. A typical minor league/amateur team coaching structure will have a manager, a pitching coac...
the stuff about relative time in the movie interstellar.	It has to do with the other planet's proximity to a black hole. In this case gravitational time dilation (as opposed to time dilation when someone is moving very quickly). Basically, if I'm here on earth and you were on that other planet in Interstellar, and we were both holding a clock and I could see your clock, it...	[ "The Timekeeper (also known as From Time to Time and Un Voyage à Travers le Temps) was a 1992 Circle-Vision 360° film that was presented at three Disney parks around the world. It was the first Circle-Vision show that was arranged and filmed with an actual plot and not just visions of landscapes, and the first to u...
Ocean water is much colder far below the surface where sunlight cant reach it. Why? Why doesn't the sun (and volcanic activity) continually heat the ocean? Are there natural heat sinks?	That cold water came from somewhere cold. Specifically, the Arctic or Antarctic. The ocean is constantly circulating: water gets cooled near the poles, which causes it to sink and flow at depth toward the equator, forming a cold layer beneath the warm sun-heated water near the surface. You're absolutely right that i...	[ "Most of the heat energy of sunlight is absorbed in the first few centimeters at the ocean's surface, which heats during the day and cools at night as heat energy is lost to space by radiation. Waves mix the water near the surface layer and distribute heat to deeper water such that the temperature may be relatively...
why are solar powered desalination plants not widely used?	We currently don't have the technology to make desalination plants that are cheap and effective. It takes a lot of energy to treat water, and solar energy isn't quite sufficient yet. We need better solar panels, and to make construction of solar panels to become cheaper. It'll likely happen in time, but not for at lea...	[ "Solar-powered RO desalination is common in demonstration plants due to the modularity and scalability of both photovoltaic (PV) and RO systems. A detailed economic analysis and a thorough optimisation strategy of PV powered RO desalination were carried out with favorable results reported. Economic and reliability ...
why can thinking be so fluid and coherrant while actually trying to talk can be a disfunctional mess?	There is also the fact that you cannot express your thoughts exactly as you "think" them using language. The mental activity in your brain is "translated" into the more generic categories of language so you lose the detail and the intricate movement that was going on inside your brain. But there is no other way to co...	[ "BULLET::::1. One reason Warburton discusses is that people are prone to wishful thinking. People can believe an assertion and espouse it as truth in the face of overwhelming evidence and facts to the contrary, simply because they wish that things were so.\n", "Dialogue is really aimed at going into the whole tho...
Why is there such a large Irish ethnic group in the United States? There are 33 million people with Irish ethnicity in the US, whilst the population of Ireland is only 4.5 million. Why did so many Immigrate and leave their homeland?	Those Irish Americans are the offspring of some 6-8 million immigrants since around 1750. The biggest surges of emigration occurred in 1815-55. Initially this was driven by economic decline following the end of the Napoleonic wars. At first these were mostly Protestant dissenters. More Catholic emigration began in the ...	[ "Irish immigration to the United States during the Great Famine in Ireland was substantial and had a lasting impact on the economy of the United States. In 1990, 44 million Americans claimed Irish ethnicity. Many of these citizens can trace their ancestry to the Great Famine from 1845-1852 when 300 Irish would dise...
forex reserves.	> I don't need US Dollars or Japanese Yen to buy stuff from overseas. That''s because your bank account doesn't contain only South Sudanese Pounds. South Sudan is a newly-formed country (it broke away from Sudan in 2011 after years of bitter civil war). Its currency, the South Sudan Pound, is largely worthless outs...	[ "Foreign-exchange reserves (also called Forex reserves) are, in a strict sense, \"only\" the foreign-currency deposits held by national central banks and monetary authorities (\"See\" List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves (excluding gold)). However, in popular usage and in the list below, it also includes ...
how cups and other plastic items change color in response to temperature change.	I've used color changing printing inks and had it explained to me this way. I'm assuming the technology is the same for cast plastics. You know how when you fry up bacon the fat left in the pan is clear, but when it cools & gets hard it turns opaque white? By mixing different types of fats they come up with one that...	[ "Substances that can change color due to a change in temperature are called thermochromes. There are two known types of thermochromes: liquid crystals (used in mood rings) and leuco dyes (used in Hypercolor T-shirts).\n", "Thermotropic chiral LCs whose pitch varies strongly with temperature can be used as crude l...
Could the Titanic passengers have simply disembarked onto the iceberg itself to wait for rescue?	The iceberg identified has no flat space for people to stand and was left far behind before the ship came to a standstill. _URL_0_	[ "When the ship sank, Abbott was swept away from the deck into the water. She tried to clasp her sons, but to no avail. Having given up finding them, and at risk of hypothermia in the freezing water, she was able to reach Collapsible Boat A, which was washed off \"Titanic\" at 2:15 AM. Hours went by before Fifth Off...
in a medium-sized company with computerized accounting systems, why does it take so long to prepare w-2s and get them out?	the deadline is Jan 31st. there's no reason to send them out early. so if it's a mature payroll department, and they know it takes them 2 weeks to do it, there's no reason to start them Jan 1st because they got other things to do.	[ "Imagine that time was slowed down so that any processes that occur after entering your purchase invoice take over 5 minutes to run. With a modular accounting system the three initial lines of your invoice are placed onto the purchase ledger, wait five minutes, the software creates an additional line in the general...
ncaa sports where does the money go?	At most schools, there are revenue generating sports, and non revenue generating sports (not sure if these are the correct terms or not). Revenue generating sports are those that bring in more though ticket sales, tv contracts, and other means, than they cost the school to operate (coaches, facilities, scholarships, e...	[ "According to the NCAA it receives most of its annual revenue from two sources: Division I Men's Basketball television and marketing rights, and championships ticket sales. According to the NCAA, \"that money is distributed in more than a dozen ways – almost all of which directly support NCAA schools, conferences a...
does there exist a "now" at long distances?	Tehcnically speaking 'now' doesn't exist for short distances either, but the effect is of course more pronounced over large distances. Time passes differently for all observers depending on their acceleration, speed relative to each other and the gravitational field they are in. Speaking about a right now just doesn't ...	[ "\"Long Ago and Far Away\" is a song written by James Taylor and first released on his 1971 album \"Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon\". It was the follow up single to \"You've Got a Friend\" and became a Top 40 hit in the U.S. and a Top 20 hit in Canada, and made the Top 10 on the Adult Contemporary chart in the...
What are the Assyrians and the Babylonians connection to the Akkadians?	Historical overview The many city-states of lower Mesopotamia were first unified in the Akkadian period under Sargon the Great (ca. 2340 BCE). The capital of the state was Akkade/Agade, which has not yet been located. For the first time, the language of administration was Akkadian rather than Sumerian. The Akkadi...	[ "Unlike the East Semitic Akkadian-speaking Akkadians, Assyrians and Babylonians, whose ancestors had been established in Mesopotamia since at least the 30th century BCE, the Chaldeans were not a native Mesopotamian people, but were late 10th or early 9th century BCE West Semitic Levantine migrants to the southeaste...
what's the difference between common law marriage and "regular" marriage?	Better to r/ask_lawyers about this.	[ "The term \"common-law marriage\" is often used incorrectly to describe various types of couple relationships, such as cohabitation (whether or not registered), or other legally formalized relations. Although these interpersonal relationships are often called \"common-law marriage\" they differ from \"true\" common...
There are Langrangian Points in the Sun-Earth system. Are there L-points in Milky Way-Sun system?	Lagrange points appear as solutions to the [restricted three-body problem](_URL_1_), in which there are two massive objects and a third object whose mass is too small to affect the other two. It's only useful when all the other objects in the universe are small or far enough away to be ignored. The Milky Way has [a f...	[ "In astronomy, Lagrangian points are five positions in the orbital plane of two large orbiting bodies where a small object affected only by gravity can maintain a stable position relative to the two large bodies. The first three Lagrangian points (L, L, L) lie along the line connecting the two large bodies, while t...
Why did ancient civilizations first thrive around the Middle East and not spread to other parts of the world more quickly such as Europe?	Favorable geography is the best answer. What we have is three very early civilizations, before all others - Mesopotamia, Egypt and the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC). These all had in common the following geographical features, in order of importance: Rich river valley(s) sandwiched by arid plains Mountains se...	[ "Home to the Cradle of Civilization, the Middle East—interchangeable with the Near East—has seen many of the world's oldest cultures and civilizations. This history started from the earliest human settlements, continuing through several major pre- and post-Islamic Empires through to the nation-states of the Middle ...
Are there any gross evolutionary pressures still acting on the human species?	Yes I agree and would say that the video is misleading. These should thoroughly answer your question: _URL_0_ _URL_3_ _URL_1_ Also, something easier to read: _URL_2_	[ "The hypothesis is sometimes also applied to humans as apex predators that produce top-down effects on lower trophic levels. However, it fails to recognize bottom-up effects that anthropogenic land transformations can have on landscapes on which primary producers, prey species, and mesopredators dwell. Possible bot...
what is an ideological rhetoric and why is it important?	It has to do with forming your own opinion about everything that surrounds you, based on ideologies claimed by famous thinkers and philosophers. In other words, it is basically a form of identity you must have in order to be a complete rational individual aware of his own existence, and also aware of being part of a so...	[ "BULLET::::- Ideological criticism – critics engage rhetoric as it suggests the beliefs, values, assumptions, and interpretations held by the rhetor or the larger culture. Ideological criticism also treats ideology as an artifact of discourse, one that is embedded in key terms (called \"ideographs\") as well as mat...
How long does it take massive particles to reach Earth from the Sun?	Well, obviously it depends how fast they're going. According to the Wikipedia article on solar wind, they have an energy of about 1000-10000 electron volts. For protons, this puts them below 0.3% the speed of light (so over 40 hours travel), and 40 times as fast for electrons.	[ "Sunlight takes about 8.3 minutes to reach Earth from the surface of the Sun. A photon starting at the center of the Sun and changing direction every time it encounters a charged particle would take between 10,000 and 170,000 years to get to the surface.\n", "In the present day, a rapidly moving object is detecte...

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