Split (2)

train · 226k rows

question stringlengths 3 301	answer stringlengths 9 26.1k	context list
What is the highest a mountain can be? Is there a limit to it?	Short answer: In general, the maximum size of a mountain on a planet will be limited by surface gravity. The greater the surface gravity, the smaller the biggest mountain can be. On earth, it works out that Everest is probably pretty close to this limit. Long answer: As a mountain gets taller, it gets more ma...	[ "Since 1994, climbing of mountains in Bhutan higher than 6,000 metres has been prohibited out of respect for local spiritual beliefs, and since 2003 mountaineering has been forbidden completely. Gangkhar Puensum may keep its unique status for some time: any higher unclimbed peaks in the world are likely to be subsi...
what happens to a splinter/glass shard/metal fiber/etc that's been in your foot so long that it stops hurting eventually?	When a foreign entity enters your body in this manner, the body will attempt to "wall" it off. As a side note, wood splinters tend to have oil on them which may intefere with this process and has an increased chance of infection. You should always remove wooden splinters when you can. Had a splinter in my hand for almo...	[ "The broken bone pieces or the dislocated head of the femur may injure the sciatic nerve, causing paralysis of the foot; the patient may or may not recover sensation in the foot, depending on the extent of injury to the nerve. The posterior wall fragment may be one large piece, or multiple pieces, and may be associ...
How do cuckoo chicks know to remove host eggs after just hatching from their egg?	well, this question arises a lot, for all kinds of animals. how do turtles know to crawl to the sea as fast as possible when they hatch? how do we know that we have to breathe when we're born? instinct, it's more fundamental than thinking and i don't think there's many thoughts involved, but thoughts are developed afte...	[ "The cuckoo chick hatches within 12 days of incubation, 2 days before the host egg, ejecting other eggs in the nests within two days of hatching, leaving the cuckoo the sole chick. As newly hatched cuckoo chicks eject host eggs they do not get to learn the host's begging call, but can possess begging call polymorph...
what is the difference between hardees and carl's jr?	There is no difference. It's the same company, just different names.	[ "The Big Hardee is a hamburger sandwich offered by Hardee's. The original Big Hardee was introduced in 1995 and was designed to compete against McDonald's Big Mac or Burger King's Whopper. It debuted in a commercial with the Big Mac sandwich. It had a jingle that goes, \"More meat, more cheese, less money. La la la...
What was animal conservation like in the past?	I'm no historian, but my general understanding is that although there was various laws regarding wildlife protection, real measures were started in earnest (at least in the US, I can't speak to elsewhere) in the late 1800s and early 1900s, primarily regarding the protection of birds. Around this time, the fashion of th...	[ "When ecology emerged as a matter of public interest in the 1970s, a few zoos began to consider making conservation their central role, with Gerald Durrell of the Jersey Zoo, George Rabb of Brookfield Zoo, and William Conway of the Bronx Zoo (Wildlife Conservation Society) leading the discussion. From then on, zoo ...
what is a covariance matrix	The curves of equal probability density for a 2D Gaussian distribution are ellipses, as shown in your images. The diagonal elements of the covariance matrix give the widths of the ellipse (related to the major and minor axes), and the off-diagonal elements give the correlations between the variables.	[ "In probability theory and statistics, a covariance matrix, also known as auto-covariance matrix, dispersion matrix, variance matrix, or variance–covariance matrix, is a matrix whose element in the \"i\", \"j\" position is the covariance between the \"i\"-th and \"j\"-th elements of a random vector. A random vector...
the debate over shakespeare's existence.	It's hard for people to imagine that someone could be so prolific in writing a huge number of stories in western canon without being so utterly brilliant as to be noticed in all sorts of fields (everyone can imagine a Newton or Bacon type intellect writing them but not someone who entirely escaped notice in other field...	[ "The Derbyite theory of Shakespeare authorship is the view that William Stanley, 6th Earl of Derby (1561–1642), was the true author of the works of William Shakespeare. Derby is one of several individuals who have been claimed by advocates of the Shakespeare authorship question to be the true author of Shakespeare'...
If we can let √(-1) equal to "i" to do more more complex mathematics, why cant we do the same for (1/0).?	There are fields in math where division by zero is okay. But you have to be careful of the context. If you think of division as an algebraic manipulation on numbers, then it doesn't make sense and you easily end up with contradictions like 1=0. However you can view things in a geometric way and get neat results. First...	[ "However, the reduction becomes much harder if we add the restriction that we can only use the squaring function one time, and only at the end. In this case, even if we're allowed to use all the basic arithmetic operations, including multiplication, no reduction exists in general, because in order to get the desire...
Was the diaspora of Jews from Arab countries critical to the successful establishment of a Zionist state?	Was it critical to the success? Not really, though in some ways it definitely could be said to have helped. The population demographic at the end of the Arab-Israeli war left the Jews with a sizable majority over the Muslims and Christians, which was essentially all that was necessary in many Zionist's eyes for leadin...	[ "Parallel to these efforts was the Zionist movement which emerged among European Jews in the 19th century. Beginning in 1882 Jews, predominantly from Europe, began emigrating to Ottoman Palestine with the goal of establishing a new Jewish homeland. The effort culminated in the declaration of the State of Israel in ...
when flying on a plane the pressure can cause the volume of my music/headphones to be reduced. if i turn it up to a "normal" volume, am i causing higher than normal damage to my ears or is the pressure actually blocking sound and reducing the impact to my eardrums?	Passenger aircraft are usually pressurized to about 8000' equivalent altitude. Three things can be happening here. The first is that the slightly reduced pressure causes your eardrums to flex outward, and if you have a blocked eustachian tube or otherwise do not fully equalize your middle ear space, the increased tensi...	[ "Air speed can also be used to influence the number of pressure nodes in a process called over blowing. At higher airstream velocities, lower modes of vibration of the air column become unstable, resulting in a change of register.\n", "Noise cancellation makes it possible to listen to audio content without raisin...
How come the Greeks to settle so much across the Mediterranean coast with the Phoenician already worldwide sea power?	(I have read much more extensively about Phoenician expansion into the western Mediterranean, so someone else would probably have more insight into the internal Greek dynamics which led them to colonize outside of Hellas.) But to quote Maria Eugenia Aubet from her book *The Phoenicians and the West: Politics, Coloni...	[ "To these migrants, lands in the western Mediterranean presented an opportunity and could be reached relatively easily by ship, without marching through foreign territory. Colonists sailed westward following in the wake of their commercial traders. The Greeks arrived later, coming to (what is now) southern France, ...
“gulag archipelago” question. what was the reason they imprisoned a huge amount of people in russia 1920s-1950s?	The gulags were slave labor camps that actually produced things of value that were sold into the economy much like Hitlers concentration camps The Soviet system was corrupt and quotas of people were required to maintain production of material out of these camps whether it was timber or a mined material. Most camps we...	[ "During the Great Patriotic War, Gulag populations declined sharply due to a steep rise in mortality in 1942–43. In the winter of 1941 a quarter of the Gulag's population died of starvation. 516,841 prisoners died in prison camps in 1941–43, from a combination of their harsh working conditions and the famine caused...
How do wild deer get enough protein?	They are [ruminants](_URL_0_), like cows. They are essentially big bacterial fermenters. Bacteria are little biochemical marvels; they can make protein & amino acids from non-protein nitrogen sources. Deer eat grass, which feeds the bacteria that live in their reticulorumen, and the deer essentially eat the stuff t...	[ "Deer are browsers, and feed primarily on leaves. They have small, unspecialized stomachs by ruminant standards, and high nutrition requirements. Rather than eating and digesting vast quantities of low-grade fibrous food as, for example, sheep and cattle do, deer select easily digestible shoots, young leaves, fresh...
At What Point in History did "Culinary Arts" become a thing?	Your question might be better answered in /r/anthropology? According to Sidney Mintz (Sweetness and Power, 1985) almost all premodern cultures combined foods according to a system of a primary starch and a supplemental flavouring food to make the starch, as you say, bearable. Elaborate combinations of ingredients and...	[ "The Culinary Arts, in the Western world, as a craft and later as a field of study, began to evolve at the end of the Renaissance period. Prior to this, chefs worked in castles, cooking for kings and queens, as well as their families, guests, and other workers of the castle. As Monarchical rule became phased out as...
Why Nitrite is still used as a conservative in all processed meats if it's a known carcinogen ?	Not _all_ processed meats. But anyway: There are known carcinogens in almost all food. There is no 'zero-tolerance' policy here, it's no so much a matter of whether it's a carcinogen or not but a matter of whether it creates a statistically-significant increase in cancer rates in the concentrations that it occurs in fo...	[ "The use of nitrites in food preservation is controversial due to the potential for the formation of nitrosamines when nitrites are present in high concentrations and the product is cooked at high temperatures. The effect is seen for red or processed meat, but not for white meat or fish. Nitrates and nitrites may c...
why is the consumption of alcohol so widespread(historically and geographically)?	A few reasons. You see, alcohol is fairly easy to make, so it can be invented in many different areas all over the world, unlike complicated designs or techniques which did not leave their area of origin in the ancient world. In the ancient world there were very few effective water purification systems like we have tod...	[ "Alcohol consumption has developed into a variety of well-established drinking cultures around the world. Despite its popularity, alcohol consumption poses significant health risks. Alcohol abuse and the addiction of alcoholism are common maladies in developed countries worldwide. A high rate of consumption can als...
why is the public release of my emails 'illegal' but hillary clinton's publicly supported?	I think Hillary Clinton's position as Secretary of State creates an overarching duty of candor, if not a full duty to disclose these emails (freedom of information act perhaps on the full disclosure). This is especially so considering that she is now running for POTUS. Your emails differ in that you as a private citize...	[ "Since this episode, Clinton critics have accused her or her aides of deleting emails that were under subpoena, alleging the server had been \"bleached\" or \"acid-washed\" by a \"very expensive\" process in an effort to destroy evidence, with candidate Donald Trump stating the day before the 2016 election that \"H...
Why do we crave things especially when we cannot have them?	Instead of the "levels" of craving themselves changing, remember that the way you remember things influences the way you view them. In the case of craving things more when you can't have them, maybe the times that you can't have them are more memorable than the times you can. Because you remember times that you c...	[ "Covetous desires create disorder because they move beyond satisfying basic human needs and \"exceed the limits of reason and drive us to covet unjustly what is not ours and belongs to another or is owed to him.\" Greed and the desire to amass earthy goods without limit are forbidden as are avarice and the passion ...
If you've lost a limb like a hand or foot, what do your muscles do when your brain sends the signal to move that limb?	Therapists have used mirrors to make it look to a patient like they were viewing their missing opposite limb. This enabled the patient to scratch or un-clinch the fist on the missing arm and relax it for the first time in years.	[ "People who have a limb amputated may still have a confused sense of that limb's existence on their body, known as phantom limb syndrome. Phantom sensations can occur as passive proprioceptive sensations of the limb's presence, or more active sensations such as perceived movement, pressure, pain, itching, or temper...
Do oral histories exist of extinct pleistocene-era megafauna such as the wooly mammoth and ground sloth?	The Klamath tribe of Native Americans have oral stories and legends about the collapse of Mount Mazama and the formation of Crater Lake, which happened due to a massive volcanic eruption 6,000 and 8,000 years ago. [Source.](_URL_0_) So oral histories, legends and myths regarding mammoth or other megafauna might possib...	[ "Along with the bison and the pronghorn, the muskox was one of a few species of Pleistocene megafauna in North America to survive the Pleistocene/Holocene extinction event and live to the present day. The muskox is thought to have been able to survive the last glacial period by finding ice-free areas (refugia) away...
why did cell phone companies develop so many different kinds of chargers? even within the same brand. was it really that financially beneficial?	It's generally because they didn't care about making them the same. Typically, if you don't have a requirement like using the same plug, they start by choosing a chipset, then design the rest of the board for compatibility with that chipset as first priority, availability of parts second, and cost of parts third. Using...	[ "Due to their high volumes mobile phone chargers have always been particularly cost sensitive. The first chargers were linear power supplies, but they quickly moved to the cost effective ringing choke converter (RCC) SMPS topology, when new levels of efficiency were required. Recently, the demand for even lower no-...
I've heard humans are great hunters because of their endurance. Do other bipedal runners like kangaroos and ostriches have great endurance?	An Ostrich is in fact a VERY enduring runner. Their top speed is up to about 43 miles/hour (69.2 km/hr) which they can hold for about 20 minutes. That doesn't sound like a lot, compared to some Kalahari bushmen speeds of 16 miles/hr for 3 hours, but the ostrich runs at 3 times their speed. Even a cheetah, the fastest l...	[ "The maximum bipedal speed appears less fast than the maximum speed of quadrupedal movement with a flexible backbone – both the ostrich and the red kangaroo can reach speeds of , while the cheetah can exceed . Even though bipedalism is slower at first, over long distances, it has allowed humans to outrun most other...
cpu, gpu, ram, and swap	CPU - Central processing unit. Your Intels and AMDs. It is the brain of your computer or device. It processes the instructions that it gets and it sends signals to everything else in the computer. GPU - Graphics processing unit. Your Nvidias and AMDs. They are processors whose only job is to draw the g...	[ "The GPU, or graphics processing unit, is the unit that allows the graphics card to function. It performs a large amount of the work given to the card. The majority of video playback on a computer is controlled by the GPU. Once again, a GPU can be either integrated or dedicated.\n", "A graphics card, or GPU, is e...
why is listerine not corrosive for the teeth but the chemicals in coke is?	Listerine contains no acids. Mainly ethanol, which may feel like it "burns" but isn't doing any damage to your teeth. It's the highly acidic content of coke (and orange juice) that's harmful to teeth, along with high sugar content that promotes bacterial growth.	[ "Hydrochloric acid is used in methamphetamine's manufacturing process, but academic reviews have not supported the idea that the acid contributes to dental decay. Speculation that oral consumption of the drug causes tooth decay by raising the acidity of users' mouths is also unsupported. Meth mouth is generally mos...
how does youtube decide which video needs an user to sign-in?	If it has explicit content. If the uploader checks the "Contains 18+ material" box (not the exact phrasing) when uploading or when YouTube gets user submitted complaints/reports, then YouTube applies the age restriction.	[ "The videos uploaded in Aparat can be tagged. With the help of this feature, users can record proper tags for the uploaded videos. As the only way for determining the content of a video is tagging it, users determine the type of the uploaded video content by means of the feature of tagging. There is no limit for th...
how do we develop tolerance to things (e.g. pain medication, caffeine)? is there anyway to prevent this?	Our bodies try to keep our internal body chemistry within a pretty narrow window for things to work optimally. Not too much of this or too little of that...etc. If something gets outside that range, it takes steps to bring it back. Drugs change this balance, so the body tries to restore balance. Drugs work by binding ...	[ "Tolerance is a physiologic process where the body adjusts to a medication that is frequently present, usually requiring higher doses of the same medication over time to achieve the same effect. It is a common occurrence in individuals taking high doses of opioids for extended periods, but does not predict any rela...
Is there a developing (strong) link between Autism and vitamin D?	Current research does not support the idea that there is a causal link between vitamin D deficiency and autism. The theory is not widely accepted. From what I can tell, there is basically one guy, Dr. John Cannell, funded by the Vitamin council, that came up with this hypothesis. All of the links you provided, except ...	[ "BULLET::::- \"Vitamin D\" : In a German study, vitamin D deficiencies accounted for 78% of the cohort among an autistic hospitalized population. 52% of the ASD study population was severely impaired, which is significantly higher than in the general population. Other studies also show a higher rate of vitamin D de...
when you roll your “r”s while looking at a digital clock why do the digits vibrate?	Your brain does a bunch of correcting of your eye's sensory input, and 2 in particular that come into play and kind of conflict here. First is that when your head or eyes are vibrating your brain compensates to steady the picture a little bit. Second is that an LCD clock doesn't display all of the lit segments at the...	[ "For example, most people who design digital clocks design them such that when the clock displays \"12:34\" on a seven-segment display, at any one instant the clock turns on the appropriate segments of one of the digits—all the other digits are dark. The clock scans through the digits rapidly enough that it gives t...
Does a sprouted bean/nut have greater nutritional value than an unsprouted one?	As someone into brewing, I will answer this question from my perspective. Seeds (and beans and nuts) contain reserves of energy for the plant embryo to grow. These are stored as starches, proteins or oils. When the seed germinates enzymes within will convert these resources to chemical forms more useful for metabolis...	[ "Broad beans have a long tradition of cultivation in Old World agriculture, being among the most ancient plants in cultivation and also among the easiest to grow. Along with lentils, peas, and chickpeas, they are believed to have become part of the eastern Mediterranean diet around 6000 BCE or earlier. They are sti...
how do heat pumps find heat in the air on a cold day? what kind of thermodymagick is this?	If you compress air, all of the energy that was in the air still exists. Now that air takes up less space, but has the same energy, so it is warmer. Now you blow different air across a radiator filled with that compressed hot air. The air that is blowing across it picks up that heat. Eventually, you blow enough air a...	[ "Air-source heat pumps (ASHP) can be thought of as reversible air conditioners. Like an air conditioner, an ASHP can take heat from a relatively cool space (e.g. a house at 70 °F) and dump it into a hot place (e.g. outside at 85 °F). However, unlike an air conditioner, the condenser and evaporator of an ASHP can sw...
is "tolerance" psychological, or is there a physical basis for it (alcohol,pain,etc)?	It's a physical thing. There's this idea in biology called "homeostasis". Basically, your body has an idea of chemical balance, and it adjusts to stay balanced. Like: it's hot out, so you sweat, so you cool down, then you stop sweating. Or you eat candy, which raises your blood sugar. Your body will release insulin, w...	[ "Some psychiatrists criticize the practice of defining one and the same belief as normal in one culture and pathological in another culture for cultural essentialism. They argue that since cultural influences are mixed, including not only parents and teachers but also peers, friends, books and the internet, and the...
Since when and how was porn a thing?	I have covered this a number of times. Here are a few: _URL_1_ _URL_0_ I also discuss this at greater length in my book. But the quick and fast answer is that the concept of pornography as we have it originates from about 1850 or so.	[ "Although pornography dates back thousands of years, its existence in the U.S. can be traced to its 18th-century origins and the influx of foreign trade and immigrants. By the end of the 18th century, France had become the leading country regarding the spread of porn pictures. Porn had become the subject of playing...
how does the tape adapter that you plug into the headphone jack of an mp3 player work (li5)	The tape head works by having a magnet inside a metal coil. As a magnetic field passes under the head, it makes the magnet move and induces a current in the metal coil. How you put a magnetic field doesn't massively matter. It can either be the magnetic field from the tape, or you can just make a coil, which produces ...	[ "The simplest way to connect an older boombox to an MP3 player is to use a cassette adapter, which interfaces an MP3 player's output directly to the cassette player's heads. The 'Line In' (also known as 'Aux In') can be used if the boombox has one.\n", "A standard -inch headphone jack is provided on the back of t...
how does obama get the money to spend for his campaign / ideas?	Do you mean the election campaigns, or the policies of his office?	[ "The Obama administration's proposed budget for 2017 proposed spending $4.2 trillion and raising $3.6 trillion in tax revenue. The administration's stated priorities are creating jobs, building 21st century transportation, investing in medical research, addressing climate change, and increased funding for national ...
what are concrete benefits to nose-breathing and are humans designed to mainly nose-breathe instead of mouth-breathing?	I know of one benefit to nose-breathing: your nose acts a filter, removing small particulates from the air before it's passed down into your lungs.	[ "We use our nose and throat as a regenerative heat exchanger when we breathe. The cooler air coming in is warmed, so that it reaches the lungs as warm air. On the way back out, this warmed air deposits much of its heat back onto the sides of the nasal passages, so that these passages are then ready to warm the next...
Engineering on Mars	I'm not a structural engineer, but a geotechnical engineer. So I deal with the structural capacity of soils. I'm assuming your argument is that since the structure weighs 2/3's less, then you could build 3 times higher. I would assume that if you are neglecting external forces (wind, seismic, etc) then maybe. But f...	[ "Martian architecture is architecture designed to sustain human life on the surface of Mars, and all the supporting systems necessary to make this possible. The direct sampling of water ice on the surface, and evidence for geyser-like water flows within the last decade have made Mars the most likely extraterrestria...
can the non dominant hand ever be as dextrous as the dominant hand?	Yes. The non dominant hand can be, you just have to start at a young age practicing or practice really hard now. The brain has a preference towards your dominant hand, making you ignore your non dominant. Since you ignore it, it’ll never get better and only make you use your dominant more.	[ "When a person is forced to use the hand opposite of the hand that they would naturally use, this is known as \"forced laterality\", or more specifically \"forced dextrality\". A study done by the Department of Neurology at Keele University, North Staffordshire Royal Infirmary suggests that forced dextrality may be...
How exactly does acne form when there are too many hormones like testosterone in the body?	Androgens (like testosterone) increase the amount of oil your skin produces. This oil, called sebum, "feeds" the Propionibacterium acnes (an actinobacteria) that colonizes the human skin and causes acne. Basically, more androgens = more sebum, more sebum = more proteins that allow P. acnes to grow, more P. acnes ...	[ "Hormonal activity, such as occurs during menstrual cycles and puberty, may contribute to the formation of acne. During puberty, an increase in sex hormones called androgens causes the skin follicle glands to grow larger and make more oily sebum. Several hormones have been linked to acne, including the androgens te...
what makes a person shy?	I'm shy when I'm around new people, and I even get shy sometimes when I know someone but haven't seen them in a long time. For me, I think it comes down to trust. I don't know if I can trust this person to accept me for who I am, to be kind to me even though I come off as a weirdo. I know that they say it's best to alw...	[ "The primary defining characteristic of shyness is a largely ego-driven fear of what other people will think of a person's behavior. This results in a person becoming scared of doing or saying what they want to out of fear of negative reactions, being laughed at, humiliated or patronised, criticism or rejection. A ...
How did POWs of WWII receive packages?	For signatories of the 1929 Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, [Article 77](_URL_4_) stated: "At the commencement of hostilities, each of the belligerent Powers and the neutral Powers who have belligerents in their care, shall institute an official bureau to give information about the pr...	[ "Originally PoW's would receive food packages from governments, however this was soon blocked and with other charitable organisations, the JWO under the banner of the International Red Cross stepped in to send a parcel every two weeks to each prisoner. The total cost of parcels in World War 1 was £5,145,458-16s–9d....
How do satellites stay on their course? Wouldn't the slightes change make them slowly rotate off their path leading them into crashing down on to earth?	You only need a certain speed for a perfect circular motion. Any deviation from this will lead to an [elliptic motion](_URL_2_), not a spiral. However, due to drag with the atmosphere, satellites close to earth (like the ISS), permanently [lose energy](_URL_1_), which actually leads to a inward spiralling. That's why ...	[ "When the satellite's orientation goes out of control, it becomes possible to predict only a trajectory of its pass, at any point of which it can flare up. These satellites are also described as \"tumbling\". This category includes a lot of rotating rocket bodies, some failed Iridium satellites, ALOS satellite (whi...
Did William the Conqueror expect that the invasion of England would be harder than it was? If so, what main centers other than London and York would he have planned to take?	I'm going to answer your question in two parts: 1) William the Conqueror's own idea of the difficulty of the invasion of England, and 2) the strategic course the invasion took. Now, to address the first part, William knew that invading England would not be a cakewalk. It was a gamble, the single riskiest endeavor the...	[ "William the Conqueror invaded England in 1066, defeating the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings and placing the country under Norman rule. This campaign was followed by fierce military operations known as the Harrying of the North in 1069–70, extending Norman authority across the north of ...
how does 1 - - 1=2?	Imagine counting how far you have walked. 1 = a step forward. -1 = a step backward. Do a step forward and then a step backward. 1 + -1 = 0. You're back at the starting point. Do a step forward and then undo a step backward. It's the same as taking two steps forward. 1 - -1 = 2.	[ "In the first example we start by adding the two 1s in the first column (the \"ones' column\"), giving 2. Then we add the two 3s in the second column (the \"2\"i\"s column\"), giving 6; 6 is greater than 3, so we subtract 4 (giving 2 as the result in the second column) and carry −1 into the fourth column. Adding th...
what makes water such a pure compound for all living organisms?	I don't understand the question. Do you mean what makes water such an essential compound for living organisms?	[ "Water () is a polar inorganic compound that is at room temperature a tasteless and odorless liquid, which is nearly colorless apart from an inherent hint of blue. It is by far the most studied chemical compound and is described as the \"universal solvent\" and the \"solvent of life\". It is the most abundant subst...
In the Old Testament, Israel/Canaan is described as a land flowing with "milk and honey". Why were milk and honey so desirable?	First, it's not really a quirk of translation, but it's possible that the word for "honey" refers to date honey, not that of bees. Many references in the bible unambiguously involve bees, but other Semitic languages use the same word for both types^1 . Additionally, later Jewish texts (the Talmud) seem to think that ...	[ "The Gemara reported a number of Rabbis' reports of how the Land of Israel did indeed flow with \"milk and honey,\" as described in and 17, 13:5, and 33:3, and 14:8, and 11:9, 26:9 and 15, 27:3, and 31:20. Once when Rami bar Ezekiel visited Bnei Brak, he saw goats grazing under fig trees while honey was flowing fro...
how do buildings with flags know when to put them at half-mast?	There actually is a website that will send you email alerts on when to do it. According to the Flag Code, which is non-enforceable U.S. law, the flag is supposed to be flown at half-staff at the instruction of the President or Governor of a state to honor deceased individuals. There are also certain days on which the...	[ "The flag may also be flown at half-mast when the Central People's Government advises the Chief Executive to do so, or when the Chief Executive considers it appropriate to do so, on occurrences of unfortunate events causing especially serious casualties, or when serious natural calamities have caused heavy casualti...
How much, if at all, do other stars' heat and light affect the Earth?	Based on figure 2 of [this paper](_URL_0_) discussing accurate rendering of the sky, they put the sum of all starlight around 3x10^-8 W/m^2, approximately 10^-11 times as intense as our Sun. That's 30 nanowatts per square meter. This is a stupidly small amount of light energy. To power an average home off of solar pane...	[ "Stars have a decreasing temperature gradient, going from their central core up to the atmosphere. The \"core temperature\" of the Sun—the temperature at the centre of the Sun where nuclear reactions take place—is estimated to be 15,000,000 K.\n", "Some of the most significant results from IUE came in the studies...
How did the followers of Hong Xiuquan's brand of Christianity fare after his death and the fall of the Heavenly Kingdom?	Zeng Guofan wrote to the Tongzhi Emperor after the capture of Nanjing "Not one of the 100,000 rebels in Nanjing surrendered themselves when the city was taken but in many cases gathered together and burned themselves and passed away without repentance. Such a formidable band of rebels has been rarely known from ancie...	[ "Four months before the fall of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Hong Xiuquan abdicated in favour of Hong Tianguifu, his eldest son, who was 15 years old then. Hong Tianguifu was unable to do anything to restore the kingdom, so the kingdom was quickly destroyed when Nanjing fell in July 1864 to Qing forces after vicio...
Was Henry II of France's jousting opponent that inadvertently killed him punished in any way?	At the beginning he was not punished because he fled the capital soon before King Henri died of his injuries. On his deathbed, Henri apparently said to Gabriel de Montgommery that there was nothing worth asking forgiveness because all Gabriel did was what he (the king) ordered him to do. All this in the most knightly f...	[ "King Henry took part in the jousting, sporting Diane's black-and-white colours. He defeated the dukes of Guise and Nemours, but the young Gabriel, comte de Montgomery, knocked him half out of the saddle. Henry insisted on riding against Montgomery again, and this time, Montgomery's lance shattered in the king's fa...
What did all the gangsters do when prohibition ended in 1933? How did they earn their money afterwards? How many switched to respectable jobs? Was there an increase in different criminal activities?	So a lot of economists of black markets have talked about how organized crime grows and diversifies. One important thing they note is how crime groups start with the easiest, most low-risk, high-profit activities, which is usually selling illegal drugs (including alcohol). First off, as a victimless crime, hardly anyon...	[ "In the 1920s, the laws widely were disregarded, and tax revenues were lost. Well-organized criminal gangs took control of the beer and liquor supply for many cities, unleashing a crime wave that shocked the U.S. This prohibition was taken advantage of by gangsters, led by Al Capone earning $60 million from illegal...
in american elections, how can there be uncounted ballots yet a result is called?	If there is a box of 100 ballots that were not counted, but all the other votes are in, and the winner has a lead of 50,000 votes, you can safely say they are the winner of the election. The outcome is not going to change based on counting those ballots. All votes should be counted, but you can still declare a winner...	[ "The validity of an election may be questioned if there is an unusually high proportion of spoilt votes. In multiple-vote U.S. ballots, \"voter roll-off\" is calculated by subtracting the number of votes cast for a \"down-ballot\" office, such as mayor, from the number of votes cast for a \"top-of-the-ballot\" offi...
is it true the near east and the Mediterranean experienced major climate problems in and around 1100BC?	We don't know. There is no actual evidence for climate problems. The reason that the idea is propagated is because it would provide a very convenient explanation for [the Bronze Age collapse](_URL_0_). The actual reasons for the Bronze Age collapse are unknown; climate change happens to be a strong contender because...	[ "The end of the Miocene also marked a change in the climate of the Mediterranean basin. Fossil evidence from that period reveals that the larger basin had a humid subtropical climate with rainfall in the summer supporting laurel forests. The shift to a \"Mediterranean climate\" occurred largely within the last thre...
why canned food (like tomatoes) don't need to be refrigerated but uncanned ones do	Canned food has been heated up to a certain degree in an effort to kill bacteria, and is then immediately canned to seal out any other bacteria that may be in the environment. Existing bacteria are already dead, new bacteria can't get in. Fresh foods need to be refrigerated to retard the growth of bacteria that grow ...	[ "According to the USDA, \"canned foods are safe indefinitely as long as they are not exposed to freezing temperatures, or temperatures above 90 °F (32.2° C)\". If the cans look okay, they are safe to use. Discard cans that are dented, rusted, or swollen. High-acid canned foods (tomatoes, fruits) will keep their bes...
Question from a 10-year-old: How to bugs "know" which part of something matches their coloring so they can use it for camouflage?	The insect doesn't have to 'know' what things match it's camouflage, it just as to prefer to stand/rest on certain colors. Basically, it has to have a 'favorite color'. This is a fairly easy preference to evolve - insects already respond to many color and texture cues in their environment - and it happens like this: a...	[ "Insects may also take on different types of camouflage, another type of cypsis. These include resembling a uniformly colored background as well as being light below and dark above, or countershaded. Additionally, camouflage is effective when it results in patterns or unique morphologies that disrupt outlines so as...
Was there an equivalent to pornography throughout the past? Or is it a relatively new phenomenon?	Unfortunately I'm away from my computer today so I won't be able to fully answer your question as i would like to. But please see my previous AMAs on the subject and feel free to ask anything here and I can try to follow up next week. [AMA History of Pornography](_URL_0_) [AMA History of Libertine Literaute and Pornog...	[ "Although pornography dates back thousands of years, its existence in the U.S. can be traced to its 18th-century origins and the influx of foreign trade and immigrants. By the end of the 18th century, France had become the leading country regarding the spread of porn pictures. Porn had become the subject of playing...
why good quality images go bad when we upload them on social media?	They are compressed to take up less space on the company's servers. A program looks at the image and trims out some of the visual information. The side effect is that your picture ends up slightly worse-looking than it started. Most people on social media don't particularly care, or even notice, so for the company it's...	[ "According to a DRSS user manual, poor quality images (which may apply to other methods) may be caused by cataract, poor dilation, ptosis, external ocular condition, or learning difficulties. There may be artefacts caused by dust, dirt, condensation, or smudge.\n", "Some upskirt and downblouse images originate as...
why do all organisms simply exist to reproduce and die?	Well we will eventually reach the singularity which is essentially your utopia. The reason everything simply exists to reproduce and die is because the very first form of life which EVERYTHING EVOLVED FROM, by happenstance they simply existed to reproduce and die. We are essentially just an extension of them. There i...	[ "Organisms showing only asexual reproduction (e.g. bacteria, some protists, like the euglenoids and many amoebozoans) and unicellular organisms with sexual reproduction (colonial or not, like the volvocine algae \"Pandorina\" and \"Chlamydomonas\") are \"immortal\" at some extent, dying only due to external hazards...
why do we use pink or blue to know if a baby is a girl or a boy?	QI had a section on this: _URL_0_	[ "For many years the correct colors for use in connection with birth announcements and many other articles pertaining to or used for babies has been a much mooted question. Most good authorities have maintained that blue for a boy and pink for a girl is undoubtedly correct, while others have insisted that pink for a...
why is there a specific set up and order of attachment/detachment when jumping a dead car battery?	Because some batteries, the kind you put water in, can generate hydrogen gas when being jumped. This gas is explosive (e.g. Hindenburg) so you want the spark at the other end, where the car is running and the battery is charged.	[ "\"fuel blocked\" must induce formula_2 bits of dependency between \"battery dead\" and \"car starts\". This may seem odd because \"battery dead\" and \"car starts\" are already governed by the implication \"battery dead\" formula_56 \"car doesn't start\". However, these variables are still not totally correlated b...
why aren't all six strings on a guitar perfect fourths like a 6 string bass?	Because chords aren't typically made out of perfect fourths. While a bass usually plays a single string at a time, guitars often play chords by using multiple strings at once. The strings are spaced to fit common chords easily - you can play most common chords (like major or minor for example) by adding just one or tw...	[ "Seven-string guitars are used in a variety of musical styles including Classical, Jazz, Rock, Progressive Rock, and Heavy Metal. The Seven-string works well in a band setting, as its lowest note, B1 lines up well with the B0 commonly used for the lowest note of a 5+ string bass. Both the guitar and bass could drop...
When did the US figure out that the USSR could not keep up?	American diplomatic and intelligence circles feared the Soviet Union even before the end of the Second World War. The whole world had witnessed Soviet power in defeating the German invasion of 1941-1945, and Americans feared that Soviet ideology coupled with Stalin's ambitions could prove an existential threat for the...	[ "During 1928–1973, the Soviet Union was growing economically at a pace that would eventually catch up with the United States and Western Europe. However, objective comparisons are difficult. The USSR was hampered by the effects of World War II, which had left most of Western USSR in ruins, however Western aid and S...
The impact of scurvy on the crews of Age of Sail vessels is well known, but I don't imagine most contemporaneous poor people had access to high-vitamin-C fruits and vegetables, either. Was scurvy a problem on land, too, at this time? If not, why not?	Not to put too fine a point on it, but the impact of scurvy on ships is vastly overstated. [I've written about this before](_URL_0_), but the tl;dr is that it takes at least a month if not longer of being deprived of any vitamin C for symptoms of scurvy to express themselves, and that any fresh foodstuffs (and most pic...	[ "Unfortunately, these travel accounts did not stop further maritime tragedies caused by scurvy, first because of the lack of communication between travelers and those responsible for their health, and because fruits and vegetables could not be kept for long on ships.\n", "Lind thought that scurvy was due to putre...
those floating black/white dots in my vision i get after looking over my shoulder for long periods.	The floaters are actually pieces of your eye falling/moving in front of your retina which blocks the light going into your retina, so they appear as floating shadows in your vision I think its common with diabetes and near-sightedness	[ "Symptoms entail a loss of visual acuity in both eyes, including darkened vision, ring scotoma (ring of blindness close to the center of vision), color blindness, and difficulty with bright lights. The scotoma may cause text slightly away from the center of vision to disappear; the appearance would be not be black ...
vga vs. hdmi vs. displayport	It’s mostly just gamers who say this. In reality both HDMI and DisplayPort are quite good, and the differences in trade offs can be small in many cases, not relevant in others, and niche for a special case. For gamers, DisplayPort can support multiple monitors from a single source output as well as supporting G-sync ...	[ "The VESA specification is royalty-free. VESA designed it to replace VGA, DVI, and LVDS. Backward compatibility to VGA and DVI by using adapter dongles enables consumers to use DisplayPort fitted video sources without replacing existing display devices. Although DisplayPort has a greater throughput of the same func...
why does air blowing in your face help you feel less carsick?	From what I've read, we're still not entirely sure why people get motion sickness in the first place (we know the mechanism that seems to cause it, but not why some people get it and others don't, or why it is caused by those mechanisms in those people), and similarly other than chemical solutions that help with nausea...	[ "Airsickness is a sensation which is induced by air travel. It is a specific form of motion sickness, and is considered a normal response in healthy individuals. Airsickness occurs when the central nervous system receives conflicting messages from the body (including the inner ear, eyes and muscles) affecting balan...
How far away are we really from quantum computing?	It's here. The IBM Q System One is commercially available, having launched in January 2019. It's reported to have 20 qubits. _URL_0_ Also D-Wave have been selling "quantum" computers since 2011. Their systems are somewhat specialised quantum annealing processors, not general purpose quantum computers. D-Wave publis...	[ "In September 2012, Australian researchers at the University of New South Wales said the world's first quantum computer was just 5 to 10 years away, after announcing a global breakthrough enabling the manufacture of its memory building blocks. A research team led by Australian engineers created the first working qu...
do women who don't give birth live longer?	Quite the opposite, actually. A number of scientific studies have indicated that women who have children live longer.	[ "Although it is very uncommon, women undergoing surgical abortion after 18 weeks gestation sometimes give birth to a fetus that may survive briefly. The periviable period is considered to be between 20 to 25 weeks gestation. Long-term survival is possible after 22 weeks. However, odds of long-term survival between ...
With the newest Island in the Pacific, this question comes to mind. How do islands gain such diverse wildlife for both plants and animals? Where does it all come from?	Eventually a bird or some other creature will go there and while doing it could bring seeds or whatever. Strong winds from one of the other islands in the area of there was bad weather or something could carry pollen to the new island. Mixed with that and natural erosion life will take place there.	[ "The islands are part of the Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra ecoregion that includes a small number of subantarctic islands. Because of the paucity of land masses in the Southern Ocean, the islands host a wide variety of species and are critical to conservation. In the cold subantarctic climate, plants are mai...
why does so much cut content remain present in video games, just unused?	Games will go through a process where they are built (all of the code is assembled to produce a "finished" game) many times over the course of development. Through out this, things will get added and pulled over and over as they work towards a finished product. Some things that get added may get pulled later, and som...	[ "While cut content is not uncommon in video games, the volume of cut content in the \"Gold\" and \"Silver\" demo has been described as \"overwhelming\". Matthew Byrd, writing for \"Den of Geek\", stated that a lot of design work had gone into the Pokémon that were eventually cut, suggesting that Game Freak might ha...
why are some foods more filling than others? eg. baked potato vs a slice of pizza	An average potato weighs about 10 oz. Half of a large cheese pizza from Dominos also weighs about 10 oz despite there being substantially more calories in the pizza. The reason for this difference is in the water content of the two foods. 80% of the potato's weight is made up of water, whereas water only makes up ...	[ "Potato filling is a Pennsylvania Dutch recipe, which combines mashed potatoes and bread. Other ingredients used in its preparation may include butter, onion, parsley, eggs, milk, salt and pepper. Once all the ingredients are combined, it is typically cooked like a casserole for around an hour.\n", "Once a potato...
why did president roosevelt get to serve 4 terms in office?	There were no term limits before FDR, it was a custom started by Washington that every other president followed. After FDR, the limit was created.	[ "Four years later, Roosevelt faced Republican Thomas E. Dewey in the 1944 election. Near the end of the campaign, Thomas Dewey announced his support of a constitutional amendment that would limit future presidents to two terms. According to Dewey, \"four terms, or sixteen years (a direct reference to the president'...
Why does dengue cause low platelet count?	That's a loaded question, there are many many mechanisms for viral induced thrombocytopenia, and in dengue they include but are not limited to monocyte mediated activated of platelets and acceleration of their apoptosis, direct and indirect mechanisms leading to a suppressed megakaryopoiesis, and cross reactivity of pl...	[ "Although dengue fever has a global incidence of 50-100 million cases, only several hundreds of thousands of these cases are life-threatening. The geographic prevalence of the disease can be examined by the spread of the Aedes aegypti. Over the last twenty years, there has been a geographic spread of the disease. D...
Which biblical passages (or other sources) were used to back up the concept of predestination in Calvinism?	Calvin, in his Institutes ch. XXI-XXII, argues that "all are not created on equal terms, but some are preordained to eternal life, others to eternal damnation", and he ends up listing quite a few scripture verses to back up his claim. He begins with Romans 11:6 which talks about a remnant people who are elected by God....	[ "In common English parlance, the doctrine of predestination often has particular reference to the doctrines of Calvinism. The version of predestination espoused by John Calvin, after whom Calvinism is named, is sometimes referred to as \"double predestination\" because in it God predestines some people for salvatio...
Why focus on green energy when fusion could solve all our problems?	Think of it by the following reasoning: How much money and time are you willing to invest into an idea that doesn't have any timeline or concrete promise about its future? Fusion is definately possible but the question is if we can get fusion reactors to produce more energy then they consume. There is fundamentally no...	[ "Fusion power is the process driving the sun and other stars. It generates large quantities of heat by fusing the nuclei of hydrogen or helium isotopes, which may be derived from seawater. The heat can theoretically be harnessed to generate electricity. The temperatures and pressures needed to sustain fusion make i...
[Medieval Sex] How did the idea originate in the Middle Ages that a female orgasm is required for procreation when society also believed in ONLY having vaginal sex?	It's true, oral sex was not permitted under canon (Church) law. Neither was fornication (sex between unmarried people), adultery, sodomy between men, sodomy between women, non-PIV heterosexual sex, masturbation, mutual masturbation, intercrural sex/grinding, use of a dildo, use of a premodern Fleshlight, sex on Sunday,...	[ "During the Middle Ages, sexual activity was regulated very differently from now. The medieval Catholic Church regulated sex and all matters relating to sex very carefully, and often imposed harsh penances to punish wrong doers. Penances varied according to severity of the act committed, and also according to who c...
How were ports build in medieval and/or early modern Europe?	You're assuming there's a single, homologous method of construction was used in all all of Europe; but the fact is that methods of construction varied immensely and were much less important than geography as the biggest consideration in the establishment of a seaport. Under many respects geography is still an important...	[ "The first port has been said to date as far back as 1450. This helped the export of coal and salt with the town's trading partner, the Low Countries. A man-made harbour was eventually built, but could only be used at low tide with limited space. The damage caused by the jetty which was commonly known as the \"east...
Any good books about religious belief in Britain in the late 17th century?	The World Turned Upside Down: Radical Ideas During the English Revolution by Christopher Hill. Not late seventeenth century but close enough.	[ "He has written on Britain’s religious history. Like Eamon Duffy, he has argued for the widespread popularity and vibrancy of traditional religion in late medieval English society before the Reformation, and highlighted the intense efforts made by the Tudor regime to stamp it out from the top down.\n", "Maltby's ...
Is there a connection between the age of newborns mother and the life expectancy of the baby?	I looked into this about 3 years ago, and could find no scientific study on the topic in humans. In some species of birds, there is an inverse u shaped longevity curve, where offspring of young mothers die early due to inexperience and offspring of very old mothers die early due to a physically less capable provider.	[ "The earliest gestational age at which the infant has at least a 50% chance of survival is referred to as the limit of viability. As NICU care has improved over the last 40 years, the limit of viability has reduced to approximately 24 weeks. Most newborns who die, and 40% of older infants who die, were born between...
why are u supposed to not ration water but ration food when you are stranded in the desert?	Because you lose water through sweat, the minimum water intake is a hard minimum. You can go longer without eating because your body can turn to fat stores/muscle mass for energy.	[ "Because more water is lost through pouch output, patients can get dehydrated easily and can also suffer salt deficiency. For this reason, some are encouraged to add extra salt to meals. Persistent dehydration is often supplemented with an electrolyte mix drink.\n", "Emergency rations are often carried by camping...
why does congress have a 13% approval rate but incumbents are re-elected at a rate of 90%.	People like their own representatives, but don't like Congress as a whole. Most people are familiar with their own representative. That makes sense; when their local politician does stuff, it gets on the news (and the rep makes sure it gets on the news). Despite popular perception, a lot of the staff work in their off...	[ "The fact that incumbents have won at least one previous election means that they have some qualities that appeal to voters. So re-election rates greater than fifty percent are not surprising. This effect can explain the re-election rates in the US Senate from 1946 to 1978, but has difficulty explaining the increas...
Curiosity landed on Mars successfully: what does this mean for us?	Let's celebrate first! Nothing beats real time experimental verification of all the science and engineering that went into successfully accomplishing this feat!!	[ "Curiosity is a car-sized rover designed to explore the crater Gale on Mars as part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission (MSL). \"Curiosity\" was launched from Cape Canaveral on November 26, 2011, at 15:02 UTC and landed on Aeolis Palus inside Gale on Mars on August 6, 2012, 05:17 UTC. The Bradbury Landing sit...
Official: r/askScience survey: How and why do you get involved with the community.	Sorry to throw a wrench in your research methods, but you might want to allow people to respond to 'Highest Level of Education Completed' with 'Some University' or 'Some Graduate Work' etc, as I imagine you will find a lot of students on this board.	[ "A community needs assessment is a combination of information gathering, community engagement and focused action with the goal of community improvement. A community needs assessment identifies the strengths and weaknesses (needs) within a community. A community needs assessment is also unique and specific to the ne...
how the reddit spam filter works.	nice try spamer	[ "Many spam-filtering techniques work by searching for patterns in the headers or bodies of messages. For instance, a user may decide that all email they receive with the word \"Viagra\" in the subject line is spam, and instruct their mail program to automatically delete all such messages. To defeat such filters, th...
why do most artists, actors, musicians and comedians tend to be left leaning? what is it about being on the right that makes you less inclined to create art?	Think of it this way: When you do your taxes or you fill in your name on some form, you're technically creating something that wasn't there before. But we don't call that kind of thing "creative," because you're not doing anything new and different. "Creative" people are people who naturally like to do things di...	[ "Most people prefer lighting from the left when resolving a convex-concave ambiguity, and this preference may be stronger for right-handed people. This is reflected in Roman mosaics and in Renaissance, baroque and impressionist art.\n", "To an actor facing the audience, \"left\" and \"right\" are the reverse of w...
In medieval battles, what was the psychology of front-lines troops?	It depends a lot on the army, leader, and time period you are talking about. Sometimes your front line was your most experienced soldiers used a shock troopers. Sometimes you sent out your inexperienced troops to inflict casualties without any real "cost". Many times the first person to breach a castle gate or over the...	[ "During battles, players take control of a medieval army containing various units, such as knights and longbowmen, each of which has various advantages, disadvantages and overall effectiveness. Players must use medieval tactics in order to defeat their enemy, using historical formations to give units advantages in ...
Who is the guy second top middle?	You got to provide an image for us to identify.	[ "The Middleman is what Grillo-Marxuach calls a \"Dirk Squarejaw\" character. He is the all American hero and a callback to heroes of more innocent times. He hardly ever swears. He is rugged, dorky, and he drinks his four glasses of milk every day. It was lightly hinted in the first episode that he had feelings for ...
Are adipose cells in the human body created but never destroyed?	More or less. Adipocytes do have a lifespan, but it's quite long when compared to most other cells. Can range from months to years. There's two ways that you can gain fat: hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes, and the distinction is important. Hypertrophy of an adipocyte is just where they grow larger, but ...	[ "There are many causes of microcytosis, which is essentially only a descriptor. Cells can be small because of mutations in the formation of blood cells (hereditary microcytosis) or because they are not filled with enough hemoglobin, as in iron-deficiency-associated microcytosis.\n", "As described above, macrophag...
what is the difference between an institute, university, community, and college?	Institutes and communities can be a lot of different things! A university is a collection of colleges. When you go to a university, you don't graduate from "University X", you graduate from "The College of Y". Think of a university as the federal government and colleges as states. States are largely self-contained and...	[ "The university is made up of four colleges, which are in turn made up of several schools. In most cases, a subdivision is spread across one or more of the university's campuses. For example, the Chemistry is in both the Pietermaritzburg and Westville campuses.\n", "The University-including the Graduate School-is...
why do female rabbits hump?	Rabbits, both female and male, mount and hump each other as a sign of dominance. Rabbits tend to be very territorial and surprisingly aggressive. Sorry if this answer isn't super in depth. Hopefully someone with a more satisfying explanation will come along. Source: Owned two rabbits (one male, one female). They woul...	[ "Rabbits have a reputation as prolific breeders, and deservedly so, in part because rabbits reach breeding age quickly. To prevent unwanted offspring and to benefit the rabbit's health and behavior, rabbits may be spayed or neutered at sexual maturity: 4–5 months for small breeds (e.g., Mini Rex, Netherland Dwarf),...
how do different types of cells make different types of proteins?	This process is highly regulated and has a lot of intersecting influences In general, when embryos start to develop specific tissues some changes happen on the DNA that makes certain areas more "open" or readable. These open areas lead to higher levels of those genes turning into RNA and then proteins. Some of these...	[ "A cell may make different sets of proteins at different times or under different conditions, for example during development, cellular differentiation, cell cycle, or carcinogenesis. Further increasing proteome complexity, as mentioned, most proteins are able to undergo a wide range of post-translational modificati...
how do usb-c ports support so many different types of connection (power, thunderbolt, video, etc) at the same time?	USB-C has a lot of pins, some of which can be repurposed. So it can't carry everything simultaneously, but it gives you the flexiblity that previously took a whole row of different ports. There's 10 non-duplicate pins: * 2 for power (coming and going) * 4 for either high-speed USB (3.0) or DisplayPort (for video) * 2...	[ "The USB 3.1 Type-C connector is an emerging standard that replaces legacy video connectors such as mDP, Thunderbolt, HDMI, and VGA in mobile devices. USB-C connectors can transmit DisplayPort video to docks and displays using standard USB Type-C cables or Type-C to DisplayPort cables and adapters; USB-C also suppo...
how much more dna do we share with relatives than the average stranger?	Among humans, all but about 0.1% of our DNA is the same. That .1% accounts for all differences we see among humans. Every color, shape, and size. For identical twins, the DNA is 100% the same. Siblings/parents/children share about 50% (of the .1%). Grandparents/grandchildren it's about 25% (of the .1%). A distant cou...	[ "Identical twins share 100% of their DNA. Full siblings are first-degree relatives and, on average, share 50% of their genes out of those that vary among humans, assuming that the parents share none of those genes. Half-siblings are second-degree relatives and have, on average, a 25% overlap in their human genetic ...
why does hypoglycemia give you a headache and shakes?	Most of your cells use a molecule called ATP for energy. However, ATP is too large to pass through the blood-brain barrier, so the brain uses glucose (the "sugar" in "blood sugar") for energy instead. Those symptoms are the result of your brain being energy-starved during periods of low blood sugar.	[ "Hypoglycemic symptoms and manifestations can be divided into those produced by the counterregulatory hormones (epinephrine/adrenaline and glucagon) triggered by the falling glucose, and the neuroglycopenic effects produced by the reduced brain sugar.\n", "Neurological symptoms typically occur with very low level...
what is the advantage to separating urine and feces?	Amphibians, reptiles, birds, egg-laying mammals (the duck-billed platypus and some species of echidna) and some fish all possess one opening for faeces, urine and egg-laying. When people joke about eggs coming from the anus of a chicken, they're actually quite right, except that it's not called an "anus", it's called a...	[ "Urine diversion, also called urine separation or source separation, refers to the separate collection of human urine and feces at the point of their production, i.e. at the toilet or urinal. Separation of urine from feces allows human waste to be treated separately and used as a potential resource. Applications ar...
What is happening during a fusion reaction, and why is it so much harder to control than nuclear fission? Will it ever be possible?	In fusion two light nuclei smack into each other hard enough to form a bigger nucleus which is lighter than the sum of the two nuclei that produced it. The extra mass is released as energy which we can use. "Control" isn't quite the right word. The problem is that we have to heat the stuff up to millions of degrees ...	[ "Activation energies for fusion reactions are generally high because the protons in each nucleus will tend to strongly repel one another, as they each have the same positive charge. A heuristic for estimating reaction rates is that nuclei must be able to get within 100 femtometers (1 × 10 meter) of each other, wher...
In Germany, what were various people's and group's reactions the Night of the Long Knives.	So almost immediately after the the violence occured, Goebbels began working overtime spreading propaganda about what had actually happened. He portrayed the SA Leader Rohm and General Kurt Von Schleicher, a former chancellor, as plotting a coup against Germany. Hitler said in a speech that > Every clenched fist tha...	[ "Victims of the Night of the Long Knives () – the Nazi purge in which Hitler and the Nazi regime used the Schutzstaffel (SS) to deal with the problem of Ernst Röhm and his Sturmabteilung (SA) brownshirts (the original Nazi paramilitary organization), as well as past opponents of the party – numbered at least 85 peo...
why websites do not render apostrophes properly.	Where do you see this? That's, it's, etc.	[ "To make typographic apostrophes easier to enter, word processing and publishing software often convert typewriter apostrophes to typographic apostrophes during text entry (at the same time converting opening and closing single and double quotes to their standard left-handed or right-handed forms). A similar facili...
if you were to look at a mirage through binoculars or telescope, what would you see?	You would see exactly the same mirage, just bigger. The use of a magnifying lens doesn't really affect the mechanism that causes mirages, which is an interaction between air layers of different temperatures.	[ "Fata Morgana mirages are visible to the naked eye, but in order to be able to see the detail within them, it is best to view them through binoculars, a telescope, or as is the case in the images here, through a telephoto lens.\n", "Here the described mirages of vessels \"could only be seen with the aid of a tele...
what exactly is the "core" that they talk about in fitness? (e.g. use your core, find your core, etc.)	There is a group of muscles within and around your abdomen which keep the top of your body from just flopping around on top of your hips. That is referred to as your "core" and is important in supporting almost any other exertion you can do.	[ "The core is traditionally assumed to originate most full-body functional movement, including most sports. In addition, the core determines to a large part a person's posture. In all, the human anatomy is built to take force upon the bones and direct autonomic force, through various joints, in the desired direction...
why are diamonds found so much more commonly in south africa?	The geology of diamonds is interesting, they are formed in the Earth's mantle, miles below the surface. We live on the crust of the Earth, and plate tectonics mostly recycles crust material, and what does come up from the mantle is altered significantly. The only formation that contains diamonds is a kimberlite pipe,...	[ "Because diamonds have high requirements for planting environment and technology, it is difficult to survive in severe climate. Therefore, the global planting surface is very small, the output is extremely low, and the cost of seed and brewing is high, which is extremely rare. The diamonds are only planted in a sma...

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.