Split (2)

train · 226k rows

question stringlengths 3 301	answer stringlengths 9 26.1k	context list
how was anime able to distinguish itself from animation in other countries?	It's actually really straight-forward and simple: In Japan, cartoons are all called "anime", short for "animation". When they export animation to other countries, they still call it "anime" instead of using each country's colloquial terms. That's ... pretty much it.	[ "Japanese animation studios were pioneers of many limited animation techniques, and have given anime a distinct set of conventions. Unlike Disney animation, where the emphasis is on the movement, anime emphasizes the art quality and let limited animation techniques make up for the lack of time spent on movement. Su...
Is the Mega Millions ($500 million jackpot) worth buying tickets based on "pot odds"?	Pot odds are just an expected value calculation. Taking your values, $200 million lump sum jackpot and 1/176 million odds, then yes, your expected value is more than the $1 ticket. $200/176 = $1.14 Of course, this calculation is irrelevant for the lottery because the odds of winning are so miniscule and the jacpot i...	[ "On March 6, 2007, the Mega Millions jackpot reached $390 million, which was then the record for the third largest jackpot in U.S. history. The jackpot was shared by two tickets, both matching the numbers of 16-22-29-39-42 and Mega Ball 20. Both winners chose the cash option, with each share $116,557,083 before wit...
How could you freeze in space?	The body would loose heat by emitting infrared radiation. Over time, the body's temperature would asymptotically approach a point where the body was emitting as much radiation as it was taking in, and would be at equilibrium. I think is is something like 2-3 kelvin. I don't know how quickly this would happen but signif...	[ "Despite the common use of images of space walking astronauts in shuttle era space suits on packaging, freeze dried ice cream was not included on any Apollo, Skylab, Space Shuttle, or International Space Station missions. According to one NASA food scientist, although freeze-dried ice cream was developed on request...
Does Detox Tea actually do anything or is it bullshit?	A good rule of thumb is that if a product says that it removes toxins without telling what toxins are being removed from where, than the product is probably BS. I'm sure there are some exceptions, but I can't think of any.	[ "Poppy tea contains two groups of alkaloids: phenanthrenes (including morphine and codeine) and benzylisoquinolines (including papaverine). Of these, morphine is the most prevalent comprising 8%-14% of the total. Its effects derive from the fact that it binds to and activates mu opioid receptors in the brain, spina...
How does mint temporarily clear nasal congestion?	This is actually a pretty interesting question. In your airways there are quite a few different populations of receptors. Collectively they provide information on potentially damaging stimuli (eg, detection of chemicals and other irritants by C-fibres), lung capacity (lung volume and air flow are "measured" by Slowly...	[ "Mint was originally used as a medicinal herb to treat stomach ache and chest pains. There are several uses in traditional medicine and preliminary research for possible use in treating irritable bowel syndrome.\n", "A mint is a food item often consumed as an after-meal refreshment or before business and social e...
how to become a good photographer	Mind like a camera, eyes like a lens.	[ "Many photographers use portfolios to show their best work when looking for jobs in the photography industry. For example, wedding photographers may put together a book of their best wedding photos to show to engaged couples who are looking for a wedding photographer. Photojournalists may take a collection of their...
how does a computer tell the difference between a 1 and 0 in a sequence?	Computers don't look at "101" or "11" as single entities. They either look at each individual bit one after the other, or at groups of bits, with each bit being routed to a different transistor. When looking at bits in sequence, things are coordinated using a clock signal. "101" would be read in three clock ticks, w...	[ "The sequence denotes the code point , interpreted as a hexadecimal number. The sequence denotes the code point , interpreted as a hexadecimal number. (Therefore, code points located at U+10000 or higher must be denoted with the syntax, whereas lower code points may use or .) The code point is converted into a sequ...
how do animals know not to look at a solar eclipse?	To start with, there is nothing more dangerous about a solar eclipse than just looking at the sun normally. Animals know not to look at the sun, therefore a solar eclipse is not concern for them. They just want look at it. Humans are told not to look directly at a solar eclipse because looking at the sun is dangerous,...	[ "Many animals use the polarization patterns of the sky at twilight and throughout the day as a navigation tool. Because it is determined purely by the position of the sun, it is easily used as a compass for animal orientation. By orienting themselves with respect to the polarization patterns, animals can locate the...
I have heard before that the President used to be very accessible to the public, citizens could just walk up to the White House and knock and request to speak with the president. How truthful is this?	Not sure about access during the White House years, but in Chernow's bio of Washington and Gordon-Reade's book on Jefferson and Sally Hemmings, both ex-Presidents complained about the cost of unplanned visitors to Mount Vernon and Monticello. Apparently it was perfectly fine for a complete stranger to show up at an ex-...	[ "Traditionally, the addresses are delivered with the President sitting at the \"Resolute\" desk speaking into the camera. Occasionally, however, the President will stand at a lectern on the opposite side of the Oval Office and give the address. Previously, it was also common for an artificial background to be place...
What was your PH.D. Thesis and how did you decide to do that subject in particular?	You're still a freshman so if I were you I'd focus more on taking a bunch of courses and figuring what areas you'd like to study more in depth, what methodologies and ontologies you identify with, etc. The way thesis topics come about is often something like. Youre studying broadly, and you figure out what you wan...	[ "The Ph.D. program in economics is the first doctoral program in the College of Business Administration in 1960. The first three students in the program were Richard W. Poole, Duck-Woo Nam and Robert L. Sandmeyer.\n", "Helen Meriwether Lewis Thomas (1905–1997) was the first woman, second American, and third perso...
the work of the 2012 nobel prize in chemistry winners.	I'll take a crack at it, but I'm by no means an expert. I work in a structural biology lab that focuses on crystallizing of RNA so I'm familiar with the crystallization process. This article focuses on protein crystallization and there are probably thousands of labs around the world crystallizing proteins. The first t...	[ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2003 was awarded to Roderick MacKinnon for his studies on the physico-chemical properties of ion channel structure and function, including x-ray crystallographic structure studies.\n", "In 2002, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to John Bennett Fenn for the development of ...
What happened to people studying at a university when the world wars broke out? I can't imagine they kept studying, in Europe at least.	In the United States during the Second World War, college life generally went on as it had before, except that campuses were now almost completely devoid of male students, and many colleges cooperated with the military and/or redirected some or all of their efforts to the successful prosecution of the war. I will focus...	[ "The German occupation during World War I led to the suspension of classes for four years in 1914–1918. In the aftermath of the war, the university moved its principle activities to Solbosch in Brussels' southern suburbs and a purpose-built university campus was created, funded by the Belgian American Educational F...
How did people like Khruschev survive through all of Stalin's purges?	The purging was, for the most part, almost arbitrary. It wasn't a case that ambitious people necessarily got purged, or subversive people necessarily got purged, or completely loyal people escaped (or got purged). Who got purged and who didn't was almost completely unrelated to any particular variable about a person. ...	[ "The Great Purge mainly operated from December 1936 to November 1938, although the features of arrest and summary trial followed by execution were well entrenched in the Soviet system since the days of Lenin as Stalin systematically destroyed the older generation of pre-1918 leaders, usually on the grounds they wer...
when and where did christian masses was created? how were they celebrated?	The Christian mass developed out of the Love Feasts mentioned in the New Testament in verses such as 1 Corinthians 11:20–11:34 and 2 Peter 2:13–2:13. We're lucky because these love feasts show up on a few early Christian frescos so we actually know what they looked like and how they were ordered. [Here's a good index...	[ "The Catholic Church regards the Mass as its most important ritual, going back to apostolic times. In general, its various liturgies followed the outline of Liturgy of the Word, Offertory, Liturgy of the Eucharist, and Benediction, which developed into what is known as the Mass. However, as early Christianity becam...
The moon is able to redirect the sun's illumination onto the earth. Does the earth also illuminate the moon the same way? With less, or more intensity?	Yes it does. If you can find a place with low enough light pollution, (mostly places away from cities) look at the moon when it is in the crescent phase. You will see the bright crescent illuminated by the sun and you will see the rest of the moon's disc illuminated by reflected earth light. It's faint but unmistak...	[ "The Moon is directly illuminated by the Sun, and the cyclically varying viewing conditions cause the lunar phases. Sometimes the dark portion of the Moon is faintly visible due to earthshine, which is indirect sunlight reflected from the surface of Earth and onto the Moon.\n", "Earthlight is the diffuse reflecti...
why did einstein say that if we could travel at the speed of light we would be able to time-travel?	It's referring to time dilation - as your speed approaches the speed of light, time slows down for you. This means you can get into a spaceship, travel very fast away from Earth and come back a year later. Thousands of years may have passed. So in this manner, you have travelled into the future. Putting any physic...	[ "It is also debatable whether faster-than-light travel is physically possible, in part because of causality concerns: travel faster than light may, under certain conditions, permit travel backwards in time within the context of special relativity. Proposed mechanisms for faster-than-light travel within the theory o...
does a soda/coke/fizzy drink contain/weight the same when it goes flat?	When the drink has gone flat, it has released carbon dioxide which is dissolved in it. A can of Coca-Cola has circa 2.2 grams of carbon dioxide in it. If it went perfectly flat, it would weight about this much less than before.	[ "In the UK and Ireland, it is usually referred to as an \"ice-cream float\" or simply a \"float\", as \"coke\" is often used generically to refer to any cola in the United Kingdom, and \"soda\" is usually taken to mean soda water, sweetened carbonated drinks instead being collectively called \"soft drinks\" or \"(f...
How much energy is released from 2 Hydrogen - > Helium Fusion reaction?	What isotopes of hydrogen and what isotope of helium? [Here](_URL_0_) is a Q-value calculator for arbitrary nuclear reactions (assuming ground states).	[ "It is unclear whether triple-alpha helium fusion has started at the core of Eta Carinae A. The elemental abundances at the surface cannot be accurately measured, but ejecta within the Homunculus are around 60% hydrogen and 40% helium, with nitrogen enhanced to ten times solar levels. This is indicative of ongoing ...
Pathologically speaking, is it possible for a disease to exist (either bacterial or viral) which discriminates its victims based on race, or sex, or age?	[Kaposi's Sarcoma](_URL_0_) is a tumor caused by a virus that primarily affects Jewish people (specifically Ashkenazi, I think), certain mediterranean people, certain african peoples, and people with weakened immune systems, most famously AIDS patients.	[ "Diseases may be classified by cause, pathogenesis (mechanism by which the disease is caused), or by symptom(s). Alternatively, diseases may be classified according to the organ system involved, though this is often complicated since many diseases affect more than one organ.\n", "Some genetic variants that contri...
why i like smoking cigarettes.	Alcohol and nicotine causes your brain to release dopamine, a hormone that is near the pleasure center of your brain, and controls addiction. When you drink alcohol, you have a heightened dopamine level, in which you are more aware of other addictions. Nicotine in cigarettes creates more of a crave than usual as a resu...	[ "Cigarette smokers generally believe that cigarettes are harmful to their own health and the health of the people around them. Cigarettes smokers are especially cognizant of the effects of second hand smoke on their family members. \n", "A main appeal for teenage males is the sense of manliness that is associated...
How was the japanese navy able to ambush taffy 3 during the battle of samar ?	The limits of technology available to the USN, and questionable judgment by Halsey, came up against some crafty maneuvering and good luck based on improvisation by the IJN. Simply put Halsey with the big fleet carriers was too far away for strikes or even additional recon to track Center Force later into the afternoo...	[ "Taffy 3 came under attack from a much heavier Japanese force under Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita, provoking the Battle off Samar. Sprague promptly pleaded for assistance from Halsey, who was responsible for protecting the northern approach to the landing site. Halsey had contemplated detaching a battle group, Task For...
Big Bang: how does evidence for the expansion of galaxies support the claim that space itself is expanding?	If things are moving, then relativity tells us we should observe time dilation. Through various astronomical techniques, we can check this... and it turns out that we don't observe time dilation in distant galaxies. The problem is that they are Doppler shifted, so we know the distance between us is increasing. How...	[ "The redshift observations of Hubble, in which galaxies appear to be moving away from us at a rate proportional to their distance from us, are now understood to be a result of the metric expansion of space. This is the increase of the distance between two distant parts of the Universe with time, and is an intrinsic...
are muscles an obstacle in surgery?	Not really. At least, it's much easier to deal with compared to excessive fat. With even very muscular people, the muscle can be pulled back and clamped once it's out of the way. With excessively fat people, it usually requires a surgical intern to hold the fat back through the procedure because it's too thick/weak to ...	[ "A convenient method to treat an enlarged muscle is through the use of botox injections. Botox is injected into the enlarged muscle, weakening it so it slowly becomes smaller through atrophy over several months. There is no down-time and improvement is gradual—individuals who interact with the patient may never kno...
proposed internet fast lanes	Some websites will be faster than others. But in this case "faster" will be the current speed, while the "others" will be slowed, as they don't pay premiums. It's more money going to ISPs without any advancement	[ "In April 2014, the FCC proposed a set of new regulations that, among other things, would allow for ISPs to levy charges on websites in exchange for faster connection speeds. The \"fast lane\", as the proposal was called, would prioritize that website's internet connection over those of other websites that did not ...
Did the U.S.S.R and its Navy have a ship prefix for their ships?	No, they did not have an official ship prefix (which is not completely unusual -- the Imperial Japanese Navy and Kriegsmarine both did not, although authors will sometimes add prefixes to ship names to identify them.) You will sometimes see Soviet ships referred to as "USSRS", although a literal transliteration using...	[ "The world’s largest navy today belongs to the United States. Similarly, in earlier times abbreviations often included the type of vessel, for instance \"USF\" (United States Frigate) for frigates of the United States Navy, but this method was abandoned by President Theodore Roosevelt's Executive Order #549 of 1907...
Can a sound effect a person's nervous system?	Sound absolutely affects a person's nervous system, that's how we hear. But, more in the spirit of your question, there are [Infrasounds](_URL_0_) that are a really low frequency and have been hypothesized to affect humans & animals physically. Specifically, they have been correlated with feelings of awe/fear, nau...	[ "As with other primary sensory cortical areas, auditory sensations reach perception only if received and processed by a cortical area. Evidence for this comes from lesion studies in human patients who have sustained damage to cortical areas through tumors or strokes, or from animal experiments in which cortical are...
chemtrails are not real	There's usually not much you can do to sway their minds. You can lead a horse to water but you can't make it drink.	[ "The claim has been dismissed by the scientific community. There is no evidence that purported chemtrails differ from normal water-based contrails routinely left by high-flying aircraft under certain atmospheric conditions. Although proponents have tried to prove that chemical spraying occurs, their analyses have b...
Is it possible to calculate the average chance of winning a 16x30 game of Minesweeper with 99 mines, assuming perfect play?	Easiest way I can think of solving this would be to take a Monte Carlo Method approach: 1. Code the AI to play Minesweeper 1. Code the generator to construct levels 1. Run on millions of test cases to get a near estimate. This is a standard approach for "hard" games (ones with nontrivial rule sets and sequencing) tho...	[ "Moreover, even if the game is not solved, it is possible that an algorithm yields a good approximate solution: for instance, an article in \"Science\" from January 2015 claims that their heads up limit Texas hold 'em poker bot Cepheus guarantees that a human lifetime of play is not sufficient to establish with sta...
how do tv shows make money by putting their shows on netflix and how can netflix pay all the networks and only charge 8$ per month?	$8 a month * 23.6 subscribers = 188.8 million a month of income.	[ "Miller Tabak analyst David Joyce wrote that sales from home video and iTunes could amount to $100 million in revenue during the show's expected seven-year run, with international syndication sales bringing in an additional estimated $700,000 per episode. That does not include the $71 to $100 million estimated to c...
When a new ISP is started (e.g. Google Fibre) what do they connect to to join the world wide web?	You may be interested in this article: _URL_1_ Basically, the internet can be thought of as a network of networks. There are a number of top level global network connectivity providers (mostly telecom companies) who interconnect (peer) their networks at various exchanges all over the world. Seeing as they literally *...	[ "FirstNet is in the early stages of creating the first nationwide high-speed broadband wireless network \"providing a single interoperable platform for law enforcement, firefighters, paramedics and other public safety officials in every state, county, locality and tribal area.” In an April 2016 article, a spokesman...
how does an electricity company know how much electricity you use?	The meter measures both voltage and current going into your building/home/whatever to calculate the amount of electricity you're using. Voltage remains the same, but the current flowing in does change when something is drawing electricity from the circuit. > ...and the amperage depends on the appliance (it doesn't ...	[ "Electric power is usually produced by electric generators, but can also be supplied by sources such as electric batteries. It is usually supplied to businesses and homes (as domestic mains electricity) by the electric power industry through an electric power grid. Electric energy is usually sold by the kilowatt ho...
videogame emulator "save-states". how do they compare to modern save-files used outside of emulation?	They're completely different things. A traditional save point is something created by the developer. There is some collection of variables that they are recording--say, which save location you are at, your inventory, and what your characters stats are. This obviously varies from game to game--maybe some games don't ...	[ "A save state is a form of a saved game in emulators. A save state is generated when the emulator stores the contents of random-access memory of an emulated program to disk. Save states enable players to save their games even when the emulated game or system does not support the feature; this is commonly associated...
Are commercial airplanes flying as fast as they can fly?	They're not flying as fast as is possible, but they are flying the speed that makes economic sense. Fortunately for impatient travelers everywhere. those speeds are very nearly equivalent. Take the Boeing 787 as a typical airliner. Its top speed is Mach 0.9, and its cruise speed is Mach 0.85 (at 35,000 feet). The d...	[ "With their much lower wing loading, free-flight aircraft fly much slower than the engine-powered radio-controlled aircraft that many people first think of when ‘model aircraft’ is mentioned. Most of them glide at little more than walking pace and few weigh more than 500 grams.\n", "The aircraft is the second fas...
catergorical imperative	In Kantian (deontological) ethics, a categorical (or moral) imperative is an unconditional moral obligation which is binding in all circumstances and is not dependent on a person's inclination or purpose. The core categorical imperative is: Act as you would want all other people to act towards all other people, or (m...	[ "The categorical imperative () is the central philosophical concept in the deontological moral philosophy of Immanuel Kant. Introduced in Kant's 1785 \"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals\", it may be defined as a way of evaluating motivations for action.\n", "Within the system of formal ethics, an imperative...
if the nsa can see everything (and assuming all other agencies can too) why don't they jail people who download illegal content off the internet?	because its not a violation of criminal law, its a violation of civil law. if you violate criminal law a police agency can arrest you because you may be causing a threat to public safety. downloading content illegally is never a threat to public safety. if you violate civil law you can be sued by an injured party. ...	[ "Governments are also getting online. Some countries, such as those of Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Myanmar, the People's Republic of China, and Saudi Arabia use filtering and censoring software to restrict what people in their countries can access on the Internet. In the United Kingdom, they also use software to locat...
How did Buddhism get so popular in America with such a different philosophy from western thought?	I think this question is rather hard to answer. Perhaps you'd get an answer more easily if you reformulated it into a couple of subquestions, let's say "How did Buddhism spread to the US? What kind of people were the early converts? What are the differences between Buddhism and Greco-Roman philosophy? What about 20th c...	[ "American Buddhism was able to embed these new religious ideals into such a historically rich religious tradition and culture due to the high conversion rate in the late 20th century. Three important factors led to this conversion in America: the importance of religion, societal openness, and spirituality. American...
Historians, do you think there should be more cooperation between historians and experts in other fields?	There are two ways to consider this question. The first, which seems to be the intended aim, involves whether specialists in other disciplines should be involved in writing the history of those disciplines. One of my hats is the history of science and technology in colonial Africa, so that requires that I become fami...	[ "Local history research, like that of family history, is accessible to people without prior historical training or experience. This is because the very nature of local history is such that starting points are always available locally. An intelligent lay researcher can learn the necessary skills as they research. Ar...
Behavior of potassium chloride in cooking as salt substitute	> The question is: would potassium chloride which is a common ingredient in salt substitutes have the same effect? Yes. The water is drawn out as part of an [osmotic](_URL_0_) effect. Specifically in the case of onions, water can move through the onion cell wall, and is "pulled out" by the salt. The degree that i...	[ "There have been concerns with certain populations' use of potassium chloride as a substitute for salt as high potassium loads are dangerous for groups with diabetes, renal diseases, or heart failure. The use of salts with minerals such as natural salts have also been tested, but like salt substitutes partially con...
what exactly does brake fluid do? what makes it work more than another substance, say something like water?	These are glycol-based hydraulic fluids that are not appreciably compressible, non-toxic, biodegradable, hydroscopic, and have extremely high boiling points. That's key for a system that converts motion into heat through friction. Your brake system can easily hit several hundred degrees, and the hydraulic system can it...	[ "Brake fluid is a type of hydraulic fluid used in hydraulic brake and hydraulic clutch applications in automobiles, motorcycles, light trucks, and some bicycles. It is used to transfer force into pressure, and to amplify braking force. It works because liquids are not appreciably compressible.\n", "Brake fluid is...
What thermal quantity do we sense?	As I understand it, the thermal sensors in your nerve endings pick up change in their own temperature. So as you gain heat from touching something warm, or lose heat by touching something cold, you will sense the change in your own skin's temp. Thus, as the thermal conductivity of whatever material you're touching incr...	[ "Temperature is a measure of the random submicroscopic motions and vibrations of the particle constituents of matter. These motions comprise the internal energy of a substance. More specifically, the thermodynamic temperature of any bulk quantity of matter is the measure of the average kinetic energy per classical ...
why does beef turn brown when it's cooked, but chicken turns white?	There is a certain molecule in meat which gives its red color, that molecule is called myoglobin. Since the molecule is found in all types of meat it is the number myoglobin molecules that differ between the meats, giving them their color variation. The white meat of chicken has under 0.05% myolglobin; pork has 0.1-0.3...	[ "As meat is cooked, it turns from red to pink to gray to brown to black (if burnt), and the amount of red liquid, myoglobin (not blood), and other juices decreases. The color change is due to changes in the oxidation of the iron atom of the heme group in the myoglobin protein: raw meat is red due to myoglobin prote...
wouldn't raising the minimum wage to $15/hour hurt small businesses?	Yes. That's the main argument against raising the minimum wage. Along side "people don't deserve that much money!".	[ "A 2015 survey conducted by the University of New Hampshire Survey Center found that a majority of economists believes raising the minimum wage to $15 per hour would have negative effects on youth employment levels (83%), adult employment levels (52%), and the number of jobs available (76%). Additionally, 67% of ec...
How different, if at all, are modern humans from those living before the Black death?	There is one I can think of: roughly 10% of Caucasian Europeans have a genetic mutation that grants immunity/resistance to the black plague, HIV and a few other viruses. More info: _URL_0_	[ "The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Eurasia from 1331 to 1353. Its migration followed the sea and land trading routes of the medieval world. This migration has been studied for centuri...
what is the difference between frostbite and chilblains?	From my experience, chillblains has more to do with damage to soft tissue from exposure to the cold while frostbite is the actual freezing of the tissue.	[ "Frostbite is a vampire novel written by Richelle Mead. It is the second novel in the #1 \"New York Times\" bestselling series, \"Vampire Academy\". \"Frostbite\" continues the story of the main character, Rose Hathaway including her bond with Princess Vasilisa \"Lissa\" Dragomir, her budding romance with her instr...
Why are there so many places around the world named after Queen Victoria, when compared with other British monarchs?	Because she was the (now 2nd) longest serving monarch in English history and oversaw one of the biggest expansions in the British Empire.	[ "A large number of places which were once in the former British Empire were named after the British monarch who reigned over it for the greater part of its most dominant period, Queen Victoria. As such, Victoria is one of the most commemorated individuals in place-names around the world.\n", "There are hundreds o...
what caused humanity to grow so quickly?	Food. Basically if large proportions of the population are struggling to find enough to eat they don't have any spare time to do anything other than get food or do work to earn them enough food. Once harvests improved people could use spare time to think of new things and surplus population could work in factories ra...	[ "Though most of human existence has been sustained by hunting and gathering in band societies, increasingly many human societies transitioned to sedentary agriculture approximately some 10,000 years ago, domesticating plants and animals, thus enabling the growth of civilization. These human societies subsequently e...
how do flight attendants get paid?	My husband is a steward. It does vary by airline but he works for a contractor who flies under delta but isn't owned by delta for reasons which are hilarious. Basically his pay is by flight hour. When he is "working" ie the plane is doing it's magical flight he gets paid a Decent wage based on experience. While he is o...	[ "Flight attendants were paid $9 per flight hour, and were not paid a \"per diem\". While this was considerably lower than competing airlines' wages, flight attendants also received 10% of all sales made during the flight, splitting all commissions evenly among all flight attendants on board.\n", "Typically flight...
besides moralistic arguments and nimby, what motivates people to oppose expansion of casino gambling?	Because Gambling is bad for people. its addictive and can ruin families. im not very against it but we don't need casinos on every corner and there are very valid reasons to oppose them. They have a bigger impact on poor people too.	[ "NCALG argued that the social and economic effects of gambling are detrimental to a community. They asserted that gambling triggers addictive behaviors, and therefore, by legalizing gambling, more youth will be exposed to the addiction of gambling. NCALG pointed out that casinos bring more crime into a community. G...
the english education system...how is it structured?	Compulsory schooling starts at age 5, or 'year 1'. Things progress year by year until 'year 6', at around age 10. These years are usually all in the same school, a 'primary school', though they don't have to. Separtely, years 1-2 are 'key stage one', and 2-6 are 'key stage two', but this is a fairly arbitrary subdivisi...	[ "Upper schools are a type of secondary school found in a minority of English local education authorities. Whilst most areas in England use a two-tier educational system – primary (ages 5–11) and secondary (ages 11–16 or 11–18 if they operate a sixth form) – counties such as Leicestershire, and Suffolk use a three-t...
why does alcohol stay on your breath?	It's partly because alcohol goes into your blood stream, and when you breathe in, the air goes into your lungs and meets with the blood, so it interacts with the alcohol in your blood stream.	[ "Breath alcohol is a representation of the equilibrium of alcohol concentration as the blood gases (alcohol) pass from the (arterial) blood into the lungs to be expired in the breath. Arterial blood distributes oxygen throughout the body. Breath alcohol concentrations are generally lower than blood alcohol concentr...
Where did the ancient Greeks get the ivory for the statue of Zeus at Olympia from?	The ivory would have come from Libya. There were still elephants in North Africa at this time. The statue of Zeus was constructed inside the great temple at Olympia in the 430s BC. The statue was designed and built by the Athenian sculptor Pheidias, whose previous work included the famous chryselephantine (gold and iv...	[ "Olympia was also known for the gigantic chryselephantine (ivory and gold on a wooden frame) statue of Zeus that was the cult image in his temple, sculpted by Pheidias, which was named one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World by Antipater of Sidon. Very close to the Temple of Zeus which housed this statue, the...
Is there any sort of research going on into FTL communication? Is that even possible?	Currently accepted theory is that NOTHING can travel faster than light. Put another way, no information can travel faster than light (and you or your rocket ship count as "information"). You can get things to move faster than the speed of light (say a shadow) but you cannot use these tricks to communicate. One would...	[ "The massive data analysis resources necessary for running transatlantic research programs such as the Human Genome Project and the Large Electron-Positron Collider led to a necessity for distributed communications, causing Internet protocols to be more widely adopted by researchers and also creating a justificatio...
is there land that isn't owned? can i acquire land without buying through a real estate agent?	In the United States, land that isn't owned by a private entity is deemed "public land," and thus is owned by the public. However, the federal government essentially says, "let us take care of this for you," so the land is held "in trust" by the federal government, and is primarily managed by the [Bureau of Land Manag...	[ "I do not propose either to purchase or to confiscate private property in land. The first would be unjust; the second, needless. Let the individuals who now hold it still retain, if they want to, possession of what they are pleased to call their land. Let them continue to call it their land. Let them buy and sell, ...
what is the difference between a 50 and 1500 dollar guitar?	Craftsmanship - A guitar requires precision. A milimeter off one measurement and you can have fret buzz, dead frets, poor intonation, etc. Cheap guitars almost universally have poor intonation. This makes it very frustrating for a musician, but the 5 year olds these are purchased for don't give a shit. On the other...	[ "The Gibson Guitar Corporation's ES-150 guitar is generally recognized as the world's first commercially successful Spanish-style electric guitar. The ES stands for Electric Spanish, and Gibson designated it \"150\" because they priced it (in an instrument/amplifier/cable bundle) at around $150. The particular soun...
How fast must a passenger plane like a Boeing go to keep "flying"?	It's called stall speed it is the speed at which the plane will drop, the wing surface area, lift coefficient, speed, and air density all play a factor. For a Boeing 747 it has a stall speed of around 100 knots but that can vary depending on flap configuration.	[ "Airlines potentially value very fast aircraft, because it enables the aircraft to make more flights per day, providing a higher return on investment. Also, passengers generally prefer faster, shorter-duration trips to slower, longer-duration trips, so operating faster aircraft can give an airline a competitive adv...
if things have evolved to help its survival, how come some people can be killed by something like a peanut allergy?	How dangerous is a peanut allergy to people whose ancestors came from a region without peanuts? If a trait doesn't actively hinder someone's breeding potential it can be passed on indefinitely. Like how humans can't synthesize vitamin c. That never was a problem right up until we started going on long trips and packing...	[ "The most common food allergy in the US population is a sensitivity to crustacea. Although peanut allergies are notorious for their severity, peanut allergies are not the most common food allergy in adults or children. Severe or life-threatening reactions may be triggered by other allergens, and are more common whe...
What are some good books about the early Roman Empire, particularly the Julio-Claudian dynasty?	If you're looking for academic sources I can help a little. [Wiedemann, The Julio-Claudians, 1989](_URL_9_) is a good general overview. [Eck, The Age of Augustus, 2007](_URL_2_) is a good overview of the establishment of the Principate. For the army in this period, [Le Bohec, The Imperial Roman Army, 1989](_URL_3_) is ...	[ "The first book sketches briefly the history of the early Roman emperors from Augustus to Diocletian (305); the second, third and fourth deal more fully with the period from the accession of Constantius Chlorus and Galerius to the death of Theodosius I; the fifth and sixth cover the period between 395 and 410, when...
why have the salaries of athletes, actors, tv personalities, musicians way outpace salaries of traditional occupations over the past 100 years?	Increasingly, salaries are tied to how replaceable we are rather than anything about how hard our job is or how much work is involved. Cleaners work very hard and long hours, but you can get someone else in to take over a job immediately with little training if someone quits, so they are paid crap money. Doctors/nurses...	[ "In Europe, the wages of the top players have increased dramatically since the Bosman ruling, although this is partly because of increased television revenues. As in North America, the number of transfers involving a fee are on the decline since clubs can wait for players to finish their contracts and become unrest...
if legalizing drugs can potentially end the war on drugs, why don't the people in charge just legalize them already?	Well, the point of the War on Drugs is to get rid of them. Legalizing drugs is just admitting defeat. But for real answers, drugs are widely seen as a destructive force in people's lives and while incarceration doesn't seem to help that, legalization is seen as a step in the wrong direction. Prisons are a huge compon...	[ "Several authors believe that the United States' federal and state governments have chosen wrong methods for combatting the distribution of illicit substances. Aggressive, heavy-handed enforcement funnels individuals through courts and prisons; instead of treating the cause of the addiction, the focus of government...
How much did early imperial Roman long-distance trade feed through Rome? Could Mediterranean exchange regularly bypass Rome to access other regional markets directly?	This is a very interesting question, and I hope it sparks an interesting discussion. I'll weigh in here as I am writing my dissertation on the traffic of grain in the medieval period and have read a lot about the Roman taxation/redistribution system in preparation. Before I give my two cents, however, I want to ask a c...	[ "Trade between different nations was an integral reason for travel. During the Roman Empire, trade was conducted with nations as disparate as China, India, and Tanzania. Generally, Roman and Chinese traders exchanged statues and other processed goods in exchange for Chinese silk. Trade in the city of Rome was focus...
Why was water unsafe to drink in the middle ages if there were wells?	Hi, I'll leave your specific scenario for others to tackle, but just fyi, we get posts that carry the assumption that "people drank alcohol because water was unsafe" all the time in this sub; here's a fairly recent thread with some good discussion: * [Is it true that people living in Europe in the middle ages drank be...	[ "The well – as well as any available cisterns – provided a protected source of drinking water for the castle garrison in peace and war and also for any civil population seeking refuge during a siege. In medieval times, external wells were often poisoned, usually with a decomposing body, in order to force a garrison...
Is there any organism that survives boiling water?	They are called thermophiles. The ones I’m familiar with are bacteria, so, they are called thermophilic archaebacteria. You find them in undersea volcanic vents and in places like the hot springs of Yellowstone. The most famous ones have given us enzymes that make most modern molecular biology possible in the form of ...	[ "The elimination of micro-organisms by boiling follows first-order kinetics—at high temperatures, it is achieved in less time and at lower temperatures, in more time. The heat sensitivity of micro-organisms varies, at , Giardia species (causes Giardiasis) can take ten minutes for complete inactivation, most intesti...
What happens to the blood inside your body when you die?	A condition known as lividity occurs, in which all the blood will pool towards the lowest point of the body's resting place because of gravity, and then clot. If someone was to die while laying on their back, bruising would occur on posterior aspects of the body. This can actually show if a body has been moved after de...	[ "Although a specific cause of death was not established, blood loss (at another location) was possible due to the lack of blood on the body and at the scene. Additionally, in some parts of the body life-threatening internal bleeding was found which could have been caused only by considerable force, such as kicking....
what is it called when you learn a new word and then suddenly it seems like you hear the word very often soon after learning it.	Baader-Meinhof phenomenon, also known as frequency illusion. It has more to do with a word catching your attention rather than an increase in frequency of appearance.	[ "When we hear any word, we do so by hearing individual sounds, one at a time. Hence the memory of the beginning of a new word is stored in our echoic memory until the whole sound has been perceived and recognized as a word. \n", "Words – Hearing or reading new words leads to learning new concepts, but forming a n...
How was history passed down before the 19th century?	For China, the tradition of keeping history is quite long. The ancient Chinese recorded every thing. Part of it is integral to Chinese cultural emphasis of family and clan. Personal histories are often kept and passed down generations as extensive portions of genealogy. Consequently, there were also multiple variat...	[ "Previous historians had focused on cyclical events of the rise and decline of rulers and nations. Process of nationalization of history, as part of national revivals in the 19th century, resulted with separation of \"one's own\" history from common universal history by such way of perceiving, understanding and tre...
how do the investors in 'dragons den' quickly estimate the value of a business?	I'm sure some of it is experience and intuition about the investment potential. But a lot of it just by comparison to other start up companies and the market for start up capital. The whole reason people invest at that level is to get a big chunk on the company for a relatively small investment. So it isn't a scient...	[ "These valuations are used to express how much ownership external investors, such as venture capitalists and angel investors, receive when they make a cash injection into a company. The amount external investors invest into a company is equal to the company's post-money valuation multiplied by the fraction of the c...
Were there any areas in which the New World civilizations were more technologically advanced than the Old World civilizations?	There were not many technologies that the New World cultures had that Old World cultures did not. The reasons for this are complicated, and I'll refer you to the [relevant section in the FAQ](_URL_0_) for previous threads that discuss why. Nevertheless, there are a few. Most of these are agricultural technologies tha...	[ "BULLET::::2. There were a number of advanced civilizations in the Americas, but they did lack two important resources: a pack animal large enough to carry a human; and the ability to make steel for tools and weapons.\n", "Successful regional empires were also established in the Americas, arising from cultures es...
Why is dog urine so ammoniac to the point of killing grass if all they drink is water?	The ammonia in urine comes from [protein digestion.](_URL_1_) The amine group in aminoacids is broken free and later bound to [urea](_URL_2_). Urea is the main nitrous component in urine. This urea is then extracted by the kidney and excreted. Dietary source of liquids has little to do with urine, the main concern for ...	[ "Because of its diet, the Crawford's gray shrew must expel a large amount of nitrogenous waste from its body, which has a potential for a large loss of water when urinating. However, it is able to reduce water loss from urine, as well, by concentrating urea in the urine. The urine is four times more concentrated th...
Tuesday Trivia \| Journals, Logs, and Diaries	The family whose estate I researched for my undergrad thesis were the Leslies, of Castle Leslie, in northern Monaghan, Ireland. Among other things, they kept game books - purpose-printed books, intended to record how many of a variety of different game birds were shot on a given day, or how many fish of particular type...	[ "The diaries cover the day-to-day lives of his working-class family in Glasgow, their trials and tribulations. He also records the minutiae and privations of their everyday life and the city of Glasgow. He also writes about his thoughts on the news of the day and the way they were affected by World War I. The diari...
Question regarding the 1983 cold war scare	The specific fear that the Soviet elite had was that the US, with its vast arsenal of very fast and very accurate weapons that could be placed very close to Soviet borders, could execute a "decapitation attack." That is, they believed that the US believed that it might be possible for the US to destroy their means of r...	[ "The Cold War (1979–1985) refers to a late phase of the Cold War marked by a sharp increase in hostility between the Soviet Union and the West. It arose from a strong denunciation of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979. With the election of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in 1979, and American Pres...
sleeping plants/trees	It is believed that light sensitive processes such as DNA replication benefit from occurring during the night when they are not being interfered with. By contrast it makes sense to focus more resources on processes that require light during the day. So altered activity during the day and the night is observed in many p...	[ "Prickly \"Acanthocarpus\" plants, which are unaccommodating for humans and other relatively large animals to walk through, provide their favorite daytime shelter for sleeping. Additionally, they are known for their ability to climb trees.\n", "Its leaves slowly close during the night and during periods of rain, ...
Can someone explain to me why the 9/11 terrorists hated the United States?	I remember bringing this point up at a Christmas discussion with family and friends in the UK. A gentleman in his seventies told me "that may be the most obtuse thing I've ever heard". I refuted, saying: their act of terrorism on the United States was to stop the funding of their enemy. He asked me how it would stop t...	[ "Many adherents of the 9/11 Truth movement suspect that United States government insiders played a part in the attacks, or may have known the attacks were imminent, and did nothing to alert others or stop them. Some within the movement who argue that insiders within the United States government were directly respon...
cars like vw beetle proved that a motor can be refrigerated by air. why this kind of design never succeeded to be the most popular and water/liquid refrigerated won?	Just because somethings possible doesn't mean it's a good idea. Liquid coolants have a much higher heat capacity, and so can absorb much higher amounts of heat from the engine. This is good, because the engine generally runs more efficiently as it's operating temperature increases, but this necessitates a better cool...	[ "On September 25, 2012, Daimler issued a press release and proposed a recall of cars using the refrigerant. The German automakers argued for continued use of carbon dioxide refrigerants, which they argued to be safer.\n", "The introduction of diesel engines in refrigerated units, in 1958, by Thermo King was a big...
How does your eye focus on something so close with Google Glass?	I have a [Recon Instruments HUD](_URL_0_), the way that works is with a tiny screen (like a couple of mm) and a lens to make it look as though it is larger and further away... In other news I can go 59kmh on my snowboard...	[ "When directing the phone's camera at an object, Google Lens will attempt to identify the object or read barcodes, QR codes, labels and text, and show relevant search results and information. For example, when pointing the device's camera at a Wi-Fi label containing the network name and password, it will automatica...
how is it that deep sea creatures live in a very highly pressurized, low food, no light, low oxygen environment and "thrive."	Nah. Ocean pressures are super high, but molecules are still pretty much completely indifferent. Meanwhile, these creatures evolved to basically survive off the sh~~ of the animals in shallower water, as well as the chemicals released by thermal vents.	[ "Due to the poor level of photosynthetic light reaching deep-sea environments, most fish need to rely on organic matter sinking from higher levels, or, in rare cases, hydrothermal vents for nutrients. This makes the deep-sea much poorer in productivity than shallower regions. Also, animals in the pelagic environmen...
wi-fi channel, frequency and the alphabet at the end of 802.11.	When transmitting wirelessly you need to be on a frequency. 2.4 and 5.0 Ghz are the standard wireless spectrums that are available to the public to use unlicensed. Every country will license or have their own regulations on the frequencies you can use for WiFi and how much power you can use to transmit. So as an exa...	[ "IEEE 802.11n-2009, commonly shortened to 802.11n, is a wireless-networking standard that uses multiple antennas to increase data rates. The Wi-Fi Alliance has also retroactively labelled the technology for the standard as Wi-Fi 4. It standardized support for multiple-input multiple-output, frame aggregation, and s...
If looking at the sun is dangerous to your eyesight, how damaging is the sun when it's low in the horizon in the morning / evening?	Not very bad. It's not nearly as damaging as staring at the sun without a windshield in between. Car windshields are excellent at blocking UV and IR light due to the layered plastic and glass sheets, so the light that comes through is mostly visible. [Richard Feynman knew about this and actually looked at an atomi...	[ "Viewing the Sun through light-concentrating optics such as binoculars may result in permanent damage to the retina without an appropriate filter that blocks UV and substantially dims the sunlight. When using an attenuating filter to view the Sun, the viewer is cautioned to use a filter specifically designed for th...
To what extent is the cliche of early 20th century leaders standing around giant maps and plotting wartime strategy accurate?	Well I dont have any sources on 20th century military commanders, I can tell you that modern army commanders still use big maps and plot points and troop movements. If you're plotting movements in enemy territory, then you can't just go look at it in person. They have to look at the options they have, and a map is the ...	[ "The changes in the use of military maps was also part of the modern Military revolution, which changed the need for information as the scale of conflict increases as well. This created a need for maps to help with \"... consistency, regularity and uniformity in military conflict.\"\n", "Among the changes impleme...
what is a photon, and do we know if it's made of anything smaller?	There was a term used when I last did physics: Wavicle. I don't think it's in common parlance anymore. A photon is an elementary particle. As far as we know, there's nothing smaller than these. Protons are made up of elementary particles called quarks, an electron is an elementary particle. A photon is an element...	[ "A photon is the quantum of light and all other forms of electromagnetic radiation. It is the force carrier for the electromagnetic force, even when static via virtual photons. The effects of this force are easily observable at the microscopic and at the macroscopic level because the photon has zero rest mass; this...
Were there any notable game-fixing scandals in sports prior to the Black Sox?	In the 1880s and 1890s there were several major scandals that rocked the world of professional rowing. By 1900, the sport had fallen in such disrepute, it became extinct due to all of the chicanery, race fixing and dastardly cheating that went on. In 1919, that sorry seri...	[ "The Black Sox Scandal was a Major League Baseball match fixing incident in which eight members of the Chicago White Sox were accused of intentionally losing the 1919 World Series against the Cincinnati Reds in exchange for money from a gambling syndicate led by Arnold Rothstein. The fallout from the scandal result...
After Justinian, was there any serious plans within the Byzantine Empire to reconquer the Western Empire?	While both Leo I and Justinian engaged in significant efforts to reclaim lost Western territory, after Justinian the Empire simply had more pressing concerns in the east. Primarily reconquering eastern territories lost in the Islamic conquests in the 7th and 8th centuries AD. That being said, the Empire never stopped b...	[ "The Byzantine Emperor Justinian I (482–565) conceived a military and foreign policy, the Recuperatio Imperii, to recover the territories which had formerly comprised the Western Roman Empire and were under the rule of the barbarians. It was led by his brilliant general, Belisarius, and succeeded in regaining North...
how can surgeries be painful? you are in anesthesia the whole time so why do people call some surgeries painful?	It's generally the healing process that hurts It takes longer to heal than the amount of time that the anaesthesia covers. Also, certain operations cannot fully be anaesthetised for. Taking out an abscessed tooth for example	[ "Anesthesia is used to reduce surface pain at the spot where the needle is inserted. Pain may result from the procedure's insult to the marrow, which cannot be anesthetized, as well as short periods of pain from the anesthetic process itself. The experience is not uniform; different patients report different levels...
how do the 1% influence politics?	Yes, it's true … but it's unwise to draw conclusions from that fact in isolation, because it's only part of the picture. Lobbying is nothing more than participating in representative government. Any private citizen can do it; just call your Congressional representatives' offices or visit them for an in-person meeting....	[ "These effects indicate how opinion polls can directly affect political choices of the electorate. But directly or indirectly, other effects can be surveyed and analyzed on all political parties. The form of media framing and party ideology shifts must also be taken under consideration. Opinion polling in some inst...
i imagine that if i were in a position of power i'd be so overwhelmed with my opportunity to serve the people that it'd be all i could think about. how is it that seemingly every politician becomes self serving by the time they reach power?	Because they cannot get to that position in the first place without being self serving, at least to some degree. Fully altruistic people never survive in politics long enough to get to any high ranks. Now there are a lot of politicians who have a large dose of altruism, but even these have problems getting to high rank...	[ "BULLET::::- Power: A person's ability to get their way despite the resistance of others, particularly in their ability to engage social change. For example, individuals in government jobs, such as an employee of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, or a member of the United States Congress, may hold little propert...
in a city, how are addresses assigned when a new skyscraper or apartment building is constructed?	Cities have some sort of rule for addresses, including 0/0 axis point, how far each increment is, etc. For example, here in Chicago State/Madison in downtown in the 0/0 mark, and all addresses are noted East or West, North or South relative to that location. And each city block (1/8 mi) is 100 increments... so you'd i...	[ "Some apartment complexes use the first digit or first two digits to indicate the building instead of the floor, and the second or third digit to indicate the floor. For example, an apartment complex with 15 buildings might have the buildings numbered 1–15, or 100–1500 in multiples of 100. An example of an apartmen...
What would someone have to have done (or been accused of doing) to be killed for witchcraft in Medieval England?	Have a birthmark, a mole gossip, basically it could be anybody with whom somebody had a grudge with. Remember there were no hospitals, doctors modern medicine. They used what nature provided, the old and wise women of the village were equivalent to a modern herbalist.	[ "In England and Scotland between 1542 and 1735, a series of Witchcraft Acts enshrined into law the punishment (often with death, sometimes with incarceration) of individuals practising or claiming to practice witchcraft and magic. The last executions for witchcraft in England had taken place in 1682, when Temperanc...
am i allowed to produce and sell merchandise with nfl team logos and names?	Absolutely not. The NFL is a trademarked organization. You would be using their trademarked brand to make money for yourself, and they could sue you for: 1\. Cease and Desist of production and 2\. Every dollar you made from your merchandise	[ "As a result of the marketing agreement, NFL Players Inc. and the NFL created a nationwide, retail-based program aimed at increasing sales of NFL trading cards at hobby shops through promotions and sweepstakes. The next year, Reebok began licensing players names from NFL Players Inc. and became the NFL's official a...
A question about the raising of the flag on Iwo Jima and it's symbolism.	The picture is simply iconic, and what makes it iconic is not really a question for a historian. [Here is a link that includes a critique by a notable photographer.](_URL_1_) > As a photograph, it derives its power from a simple, dynamic composition, a sense of momentum and the kinetic energy of six men straining to...	[ "During the battle for Iwo Jima, photographer Joe Rosenthal took the famous photo \"Raising of the Flag on Iwo Jima\" of five Marines and one Navy corpsman raising the American flag on Mount Suribachi. Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal, who had come ashore earlier that day to observe the progress of the troops,...
[Indian History] Is there any historical evidence of Hindu dissent during Mughal rule in India?	So I know this is a bit odd, since this question is a month old, but since it doesn't have any answers I figured I'd give it a shot. Mughal treatment of non Muslims, such as Hindus, Sikhs, Jains etc... Has three phases. Under the first two emperors the Mughals acted as your standard, run of the mill Islamic conqueror...	[ "Under Aurangzeb's reign, Hindus rose to represent 31.6% of Mughal nobility, the highest in the Mughal era. This was largely due to a substantial influx of Marathas, who played a key role in his successful Deccan campaign. During his time, the number of Hindu Mansabdars increased from 22% to over 31% in the Mughal ...
why are my fingernails no longer translucent once they grow off the tip?	I'm sure you've heard about [tape over frosted glass](_URL_0_) trick right? Your nail is actually rough on the underside, especially with bits of dead skin still attached. The part of your nail that didn't grow out is firmly "adhered" to the nailbed so it appears translucent because the hydration provided by the nailbe...	[ "Also known as \"true\" leukonychia, this is the most common form of leukonychia, in which small white spots appear on the nails. Picking and biting of the nails are a prominent cause in young children and nail biters. Besides parakeratosis, air that is trapped between the cells may also cause this appearance. It i...
why is correct torque important when tightening bolts?	In Engineering design, bolts are selected based on the forces or stresses they will be subject to during use. If a bolt is over-torqued/over-tensioned, it will be subject to additional forces that it wasn't designed to withstand. This increase in forces could cause the bolt to snap or deform, or perhaps the threads wil...	[ "Specialized locking nuts exist to prevent this problem, but sometimes it is sufficient to add a second nut. For this technique to be reliable, each nut must be tightened to the correct torque. The inner nut is tightened to about a quarter to a half of the torque of the outer nut. It is then held in place by a wren...
How many people actually set out to 'conquer the world'?	I doubt anyone with a realistic idea of the size of the world has ever seriously considered trying to conquer it. If you're willing to include people who have set out to conquer the known world, i.e. the world as far as they knew it existed, I'd say it's possible that Genghis Khan or one of the other Mongol leaders a...	[ "\"You and I (We Can Conquer the World)\" is a song written and sung by Stevie Wonder from his 1972 album \"Talking Book\". Wonder is also credited for playing piano and T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer on the song.\n", "In May 2005, he became the first person in the world to complete a Explorers Grand Slam. He climbed the...
why are there worries about micro-organisms from earth affecting potential micro-organisms from other celestial bodies and vice versa, when they haven't adapted to do so?	Lets say your eating Cheetos. Your hands and face get covered with Cheetos dust. While covered in Cheetos dust you get sent to mars to see if its surface contains Cheetos dust. Well if your covered in it, your tests will show there's Cheetos dust. The point is really to protect the reliability of scientific experim...	[ "While some fear microbes due to the association of some microbes with various human diseases, many microbes are also responsible for numerous beneficial processes such as industrial fermentation (e.g. the production of alcohol, vinegar and dairy products), antibiotic production and act as molecular vehicles to tra...
What role did protectionism play in causing the two World Wars?	[Here](_URL_0_) is an answer by u/true_new_troll to a similar question. Hopefully this helps!	[ "Protectionism has also been accused of being one of the major causes of war. Proponents of this theory point to the constant warfare in the 17th and 18th centuries among European countries whose governments were predominantly mercantilist and protectionist, the American Revolution, which came about ostensibly due ...
why do car manufacturers keep making similar styles instead of rebooting a more vintage style that people would spend crazy amounts on, or even making a new car thats similar to those vintage styles?	Old designs are not very aerodynamic, as a result will use more fuel than modern design if everything else is equal. > a more vintage style that people would spend crazy amounts on That would probably equate to a luxury car which by default wouldn't be produced in massive quantity. People also wouldn't pay as much...	[ "Modified cars can be significantly different from their stock counterparts. A common factor among owners/modifiers is to emulate the visual and/or performance characteristics of established styles and design principles. These similarities may be unintentional. Some of the many different styles and visual influence...
If one swallows their own blood, will that slow the process of bleeding to death if in a situation of much blood loss?	nope. When you die from blood loss, its because you no longer have enough blood in your circulation to maintain enough oxygen to the tissues / or maintain enough pressure to keep the blood moving. drinking blood will firstly make you very nauseous, and it will then be broken down into protein, then amino acids which ...	[ "At sufficient concentrations, blood agents can quickly saturate the blood and cause death in a matter of minutes or seconds. They cause powerful gasping for breath, violent convulsions and a painful death that can take several minutes. The immediate cause of death is usually respiratory failure.\n", "One theory ...
Is PTSD (post traumatic stress disorder) more common in modern soldiers then say WWII or is it more dependent on the type of war fought?	The historian Gwynne Dyer has some interesting thoughts on this question, which he explains in an interview here: _URL_0_ His discussion of PTSD starts a little after the 5:00 mark. Basically, his idea is that until shortly after WWII, most soldiers who had a chance to shoot at an enemy either didn't shoot, or missed...	[ "Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was included in the DSM-III (1980), mainly due to the relatively large numbers of American combat veterans of the Vietnam War who were seeking treatment for the lingering effects of combat stress. In the 1980s, various researchers and clinicians suggested that PTSD might also ...
why are fish only able to grow to a specific size, depending on the size of their tank?	It's a myth. Fish don't grow to the size of their tank. Their growth may be somewhat stunted by things like poor water quality due to the undersized tank, but they don't magically adjust their growth to fit the size of the container, and in any case, it's a serious health issue and not something that should be consider...	[ "Fish capacity is a function of aquarium size. Limiting factors include the availability of oxygen in the water and the rate at which the filter can process waste. Aquarists apply rules of thumb estimating appropriate population size; the examples below are for small freshwater fish. Larger freshwater fish and most...
What was the first big corporation?	The short answer is the Dutch East India Company, chartered in 1602. It was enormous because of its monopoly of the spice trade and, per [Ricklefs (1993, 2nd ed)](_URL_0_), paid an annual dividend of around 18% for nearly 200 years.	[ "The term \"corporation\" was used as late as the 18th century in England to refer to such ventures as the East India Company or the Hudson's Bay Company: commercial organizations that operated under royal patent to have exclusive rights to a particular area of trade. In the medieval town, however, corporations wer...
What affect does the quantity of injuries have on healing time? For example, would a paper cut take longer to heal if I had a broken Jaw at the same time?	A fun bit of trivia: In polytrauma injuries involving a traumatic brain injury and bone fracture, the fracture may actually heal at a faster rate than the same fracture alone. The mechanism is currently not well understood, but some researchers speculate it's related to enhanced macrophage mobilization. EDIT: Oh wow,...	[ "Since chronic wounds underexpress growth factors necessary for healing tissue, chronic wound healing may be speeded by replacing or stimulating those factors and by preventing the excessive formation of proteases like elastase that break them down.\n", "Timing is important to wound healing. Critically, the timin...

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.