question stringlengths 3 301 | answer stringlengths 9 26.1k | context list |
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How long was magic considered a viable topic of political discussion and consent in England? | As a brief note in advance: witch trials in Europe did not *begin* until the 15th century, and not in earnest until the 16th! You can find various parts of the witch stereotype well in action before then, but they are used to identify and condemn heretics, not Satan-worshipping, magic-practicing witches.
That said:
F... | [
"The early modern period saw significant social change in Great Britain in terms of the position of individuals in society and the growing power of Parliament in relation to the monarch. In the 17th century, there was renewed interest in Magna Carta. English common law judge Sir Edward Coke revived the idea of righ... |
why do noises become louder the more tired i am? | Attention to a task requires mental energy to filter out unimportant information that's coming in from ones surroundings. Consider the phenomenon of turning down the music in the car when you are trying to figure out where you are. Excessive, distracting stimuli can overwhelm the brain and make it harder to concentrate... | [
"At the very least, noise may be annoying or displeasing or may disrupt the activity or balance of human or animal life, increasing levels of aggression, hypertension and stress. In the extreme, excessive levels or periods of noise can have long-term negative health effects such as hearing loss, tinnitus, sleep dis... |
why don't we use counties as congressional districts? | Because many states have a lot more counties than congressional districts, especially in the East. Illinois has about 100 counties, and 18 congressional districts. | [
"Senate district lines are drawn with an eye toward adhering to the boundaries of the state's 14 counties, and the districts are named after the county or counties in which the bulk of the district is located. However, due to equal representation requirements of the federal and state constitutions, most districts d... |
how to minimise personal injury if inside an elevator in freefall! | Lie on top of a fat person.
You're falling at the same speed as the elevator, so jumping makes no difference.
| [
"A dangerous variant of shafting involves entering elevator shafts, either to ride on the top of the elevators, or to explore the shaft itself. This activity is sometimes called elevator surfing. The elevator is first switched to \"manual\" mode, before boarding or exiting, and back to \"automatic\" mode after, to ... |
what did old computers even do? | The first (fully electronic) computers were used to produce "firing tables" used by artillery. These are tables that say "if you are here, and the enemy is over there, and they are 20 meters higher than you, and the wind is blowing that direction at 5 m/s, then aim your gun like this to hit the enemy". Before computers... | [
"The personal computer has been around since approximately 1976. But in that time, numerous technological revolutions have left generations of obsolete computing equipment on the junk heap. Nevertheless, in that time, these otherwise useless computers have spawned a sub-culture of vintage computer collectors, who o... |
How accurate are the costumes traditionally used in productions of Les Miserables? | Some of them are fairly decent. Some, not so much. One thing I'll note across the board is that the women never seem to wear corsetry, which affects their overall silhouettes - particularly in the earlier scenes, where the waistline and bust were still quite high.
[**Fantine**](_URL_1_)
The first thing I have to ment... | [
"Illustrator Alan Lee served as the film's conceptual designer. Despite heavy fantasy elements, the production is historically accurate to a degree, in keeping with the probable origins of the Arthurian legend in Sub-Roman Britain. The costumes and props used in the film include Dark Age or Early Medieval Celtic an... |
whats going on between tumblr and 4chan? | Tumblr is filled with SJWs (Social justice warriors). 4chan is filled with trolls.
I dunno who fired the first shot, but the basic gist of it is that there are two communities of similar hateful personalities with polar opposite political and social beliefs going at it. | [
"Tumblr (stylized as tumblr and pronounced \"tumbler\") is a microblogging and social networking website founded by David Karp in 2007 and owned by Verizon Media. The service allows users to post multimedia and other content to a short-form blog. Users can follow other users' blogs. Bloggers can also make their blo... |
hey eli5: how are opals formed? | It starts with a space in a rock. This can be a crack, or a void left after something organic was trapped in sediment and rotted away. Ground water carrying minerals flows through the rock, and the minerals are deposited. If they are the right minerals, you'll get opal. | [
"Opal is a hydrated amorphous form of silica (SiO·\"n\"HO); its water content may range from 3 to 21% by weight, but is usually between 6 and 10%. Because of its amorphous character, it is classed as a mineraloid, unlike crystalline forms of silica, which are classed as minerals. It is deposited at a relatively low... |
why do i yawn when i have motion sickness? | your brain thinks something is wrong and tries to flood your bloodstream with oxygen to relieve itself. | [
"Yawning is considered a non-respiratory gas movement. A non-respiratory gas movement is another process that moves air in and out of the lungs that don't include breathing. Yawning is a reflex that tends to disrupt the normal breathing rhythm and is believed to be contagious as well. The reason why we yawn is unkn... |
how can bill gates give away roughly $28bn since 2007, which has lead to 6 million lives being saved, but we see these adverts on tv, like from unicef, which ask for donations of less than 50 cents a day to help save the lives of children? | Those 50-cent donations are about meeting basic needs like food, and they are short-term solutions. Once you eat 50 cents worth of food, it's gone. Gates and other big donors are investing in long-term projects like public health programs and vaccines. These won't help immediately, but once they do, they will be hel... | [
"During the past few years, computer entrepreneur Bill Gates, who co-founded Microsoft, and billionaire investor and Berkshire Hathaway Chairman Warren Buffett have donated many billions of dollars to charity and have challenged their wealthy peers to donate half of their assets to philanthropic causes. The Bill an... |
does having a clean car really help with gas mileage? if so how? | Clean vs slightly dirty, then no. Clean vs covered in mud after going off-roaring, very slightly.
Air resistance is an important factor, and with a clean and waxed car, there is less resistance than a car covered in mud, but it won't result in a noticeable difference (less than 0.1 mpg). | [
"\" Gasoline is the main expense of the cars, practically on a weekly basis, or even more frequently if we use the car very often, we will have to go to our nearest gas station to refuel and make the consequent cost\".\n",
"In late 2004, Norm Sterling, who was the Environment Minister in the Progressive Conservat... |
What are the main historical records/accounts of Jewish enslavement and release/exodus from Egypt? | Would like to add to OP's question: BESIDES THE BIBLE/TALMUD, since that tends to be the only source people use to refer to the event.
From what I've gathered researching this independently there is absolutely no physical evidence of Jewish enslavement in Egypt besides the less than credible evidence from scripture. ... | [
"The story of the Exodus from Egypt, as related in the Torah, has shaped the Jewish people throughout history. Briefly outlined, the story recounts the experience of the Israelites under Egyptian enslavement, God's promise to redeem them from slavery, God's punishment of the Egyptians, and the Israelite redemption ... |
I run a current through a solenoid and get a magnetic force. I stick an iron core in the solenoid and get a bigger magnetic force. How is conservation of energy preserved? | If you were to put volt/amp meter on that wire you would see the phase between the two values change as the iron went into magnetic saturation. This phase shift is called ‘reactance’, and is analogue to the electrical energy transferred to the iron core. | [
"To prevent eddy currents, which cause energy losses, the iron core is made of a bundle of parallel iron wires, individually coated with shellac to insulate them electrically. The eddy currents, which flow in loops in the core perpendicular to the magnetic axis, are blocked by the layers of insulation. The ends of ... |
first principles | Usually when we design something, there is a tendency to have preconceived notions of how it is to be constructed.
Music, for example, we think in terms of keys, chords, melody, then verse, chorus, refrain etc. Or a car, we may think 4 wheels, 1 engine, transmission, steering the front wheels etc.
To start from fir... | [
"In philosophy \"first principles\" are also commonly referred to as \"a priori\" terms and arguments, which are contrasted to \"a posteriori\" terms, reasoning or arguments, in that the former are simply assumed and exist prior to the reasoning process and the latter are deduced or inferred after the initial reaso... |
Why is it when Metal/Rock is heated it usually glows a bright red? What about the rock getting hotter is making it produce light, Where is the energy coming from? | It's called [black body radiation](_URL_0_).
Basically, atoms/molecules in the substance are constantly getting so hot that they get into a higher, unstable energy state. They spontaneously fall back down to their "happy" stable state. When they fall from a high to a low energy state, they release energy in the form ... | [
"Of course, the visual sensation usually associated with the metal gold is its metallic shine. This cannot be reproduced by a simple solid color, because the shiny effect is due to the material's reflective brightness varying with the surface's angle to the light source.\n",
"In materials engineering and metallur... |
why do bicycle helmets have holes? | Sweat.
On a bicycle you are presumably exercising. With a fully closed helmet it would get uncomfortably hot and wet under the helmet as you are trying to shed the heat you generate by sweating.
The bicycle helmet allows lots of air to reach your head so your sweat can evaporate properly. | [
"Since more advanced helmets began being used in the Tour de France, carbon fiber inserts are often used to increase strength and protection of the helmet. The Giro Atmos and Ionos, as well as the Bell Alchera, were among the first to use carbon fiber.\n",
"Bicycle helmets can reduce injury in the event of a coll... |
the stanford prison experiment (lucifer effect) and what it says about our society? | Frankly? Nothing. The Stanford Prison Experiment has been met with widespread criticism and controversy on several layers of its design and evidence, and is an experiment now frequently placed in the category of "Interesting, but that's about it". The experiment is the only one of its kind (maybe due to ethical concern... | [
"The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil is a 2007 book which includes professor Philip Zimbardo's first detailed, written account of the events surrounding the 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE) — a prison simulation study which had to be discontinued after only six days due to several distr... |
How prevalent were family summer camps in the mid-20th century? | This question was asked just a few days ago and got answers from a number of people!
* [In movies and TV shows based in the 50s and 60s, rich families would go spend their whole summers at fancy summer camps. How realistic was this of the times?](_URL_0_) | [
"The practice of running residential holidays for children away from their own home seems to have originated in Appenzell in the Alps in 1876, when Pastor Bion set up holiday camps in which children made tree-houses, sang songs, did drama, made kites and had adventure games. Post-war France used Pastor Bion’s model... |
How does a computer upscale 480p images and movies to 1080p? | Imagine that you have a matrix, where each element of the matrix is a pixel (this is essentially how pictures are stored on a computer). To make an image bigger, we take its representative matrix and make it larger, keeping all the original pixels in relative correct order (i.e., if we double this matrix, two pixels th... | [
"Digital movies made in 4K may be produced, scanned, or stored in a number of other resolutions depending on what storage aspect ratio is used. In the digital cinema production chain, a resolution of 4096 × 3112 is often used for acquiring \"open gate\" or anamorphic input material, a resolution based on the histor... |
Is hemp as great as some say it could be? | If it is so great, shouldn't the parts of the world where it's legal be enjoying this miracle crop and laughing at us? | [
"European experts on hemp, like Dr. Hayo M.G. van der Werf, author of the doctoral thesis \"Crop physiology of fibre hemp\" (1994), and Dr. Ivan Bûcsa criticized Herer for making unrealistic claims regarding the potential of hemp, compare L.H.Dewey (1943).\n",
"The national (non-psychoactive) hemp market was $600... |
why aren't people convicted of a crime even if they confess? | A confession is rarely enough evidence in itself to convict, the defendent must be proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. False confessions do get made, _URL_0_, and because of this, they are not in themselves enough evidence to convict. If the "strong evidence" along with the confession doesn't convince the jury be... | [
"Many confessions have involved the admittance of a crime that the dying has committed, which obviously cannot be prosecuted once the perpetrator has died. On the other hand, someone can confess that they have knowledge of or witnessed a crime that has been committed. This special kind of confession can sometimes b... |
How large of an impact did the drowning of Frederick I (Barbarossa) have on the outcome of the third crusade? | What if? - questions are always difficult for historians to deal with in a professional manner but they're fascinating nonetheless.
Considering the third crusade was the one with the three most powerful leaders in western Europe, King Richard of England, King Philip II. of France and Emperor Frederick I. Barbarossa of ... | [
"The engagement was a significant defeat for the Ottomans, who had not lost a major naval battle since the fifteenth century. However, the Holy League failed to capitalize on the victory, and while the Ottoman defeat has often been cited as the historical turning-point initiating the eventual stagnation of Ottoman ... |
why are women generally more close and intimate to other women than men to men? | They don't tend to be more close. But they do tend to be more affectionate.
Men in Western Culture are trained to rarely display emotions. We are allowed to show anger, and to some extent excitement but most emotions have to be limited or hidden entirely. When it comes to affection you are allowed to show it with you... | [
"Consequently, men grow up to have a more autonomous sense of self, and to be more independent, more instrumental and competitive in their dealings with others. They are also more likely to have difficulty expressing their emotions and to be anxious about intimacy. Women, on the other hand, have more ability and mo... |
How do these "3D" representaions explain 4D objects? | I'm not sure what you mean by "explain", but let me say something about these pictures.
Suppose that you look at an image of a cube. Say, [this one](_URL_1_). You think of this as a three-dimensional object, but obviously you are looking at your screen, which is flat (two-dimensional). The depth of the cube has been "... | [
"2.5D (\"two-and-a-half-dimensional\"), 3/4 perspective and pseudo-3D are informal terms used to describe graphical projections and techniques that try to \"fake\" three-dimensionality, typically by using some form of parallel projection, wherein the point of view is from a fixed perspective, but also reveals multi... |
how do they determine that medicine is suitable from a certain age for example 12 year old and higher? | That just means that they only bothered testing on children of that age. The labeling & testing requirements for OTC drugs are rather extensive - you can't just guess. | [
"A prescriber can do little to modify age-related physiological changes when trying to minimize the likelihood that an older person will develop an adverse drug reaction. However, when assessing a patient who is already taking drugs, a doctor should always consider the development of any new signs and symptoms as a... |
What is the origin of Rohingyas and how are they different from other Muslim ethnics(Kamans) of the Rakhine state? | [Here's my answer earlier today to the question "How Accurate is the Claim that the Rohingya are 'Bengali' and not Burmese?"](_URL_1_)
> The claim that Rohingyas are Bengalis is true insofar as the Rohingyas ultimately derive from Bengal, but in the end it's a justification for genocide. If the Rohingyas are illegal... | [
"The Rohingya people are an ethnic minority that live mainly in the northern region of Rakhine State, Myanmar, and have been described as one of the world's most persecuted minorities. They describe themselves as descendants of Arab traders who settled in the region many generations ago. However, French scholar Jac... |
Is there a genetic reason some can handle cold weather more than others or is it all mental? | Some adaptation mechanisms can make cold weather more tolerable. Lots of adipose tissue is one, high metabolism another, and low blood pressure a third. Low blood pressure makes for efficient peripheral circulation, resulting in warm hands and feet until, eventually, your core temperature drops and you crash. | [
"There are many factors which influence the strength of the response. People who live or regularly work in cold environments show an increased response. Through acclimatization tropical residents can develop an increased response which is indistinguishable from arctic residents. The role of genetic factors is not c... |
What would happen if you passed High Voltage through water under pressure high enough to prevent the formation of gaseous water? | Here's a phase [diagram of water](_URL_0_)
Assuming you did not just heat it to a high enough temperature to create a plasma, what you would get is a supercritical fluid. This is a state of water which occurs near underwater volcanoes at the bottom of the ocean.
It's properties are somewhat resembling of both liquid... | [
"In the version with pressure induced by gravity, large tanks of water are held up high, or are filled to differing water levels, and the potential energy of the water head is the pressure source. This is reminiscent of electrical diagrams with an up arrow pointing to +V, grounded pins that otherwise are not shown ... |
If we took a snapshot of the positions of all planets, moons, and trackable asteroids in the solar system, how long would it take for them to make their way back to this initial snapshot? | To any kind of reasonable precision, they wouldn't ever return to that state again.
In order for two objects to return back to their original positions, the ratio of the times it them takes to complete their orbits needs to be a rational number.
For example, let's say we consider the Earth with an orbit time of 1 yea... | [
"BULLET::::2. for asteroids that will miss Earth this time round, the more accurate the orbit model is, the further into the future its position can be predicted. This allows recovery of the asteroid on its subsequent approaches, and impacts to be predicted years in advance.\n",
"In a 2018 paper, \"Quan-Zhi Ye et... |
how a human can physically eat 62 hotdogs in 10 minutes | Serious question, after the competition is over do they puke it out or do they just digest it all and take the world's largest shit later? | [
"On July 4, 2005 she ate 37 hot dogs in 12 minutes at Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest, setting a then-record for American competitors (which was also the female record). On August 8, 2005, she consumed 35 bratwursts in 10 minutes, beating the previous 10-minute record of 19.5 bratwursts, although her record was bea... |
In the 1800s, if two monarchs met, how would they address eachother? | I cannot speak to meeting, but I can speak to the fact that in written interactions, a monarch addresses fellow monarchs as "sister" or brother", due to a concept that all monarchs are members of the same family, so a letter would be addressed to, "Sir My Brother" or "Madam My Sister".
If they are actually related, ... | [
"Those present included, from Spain, Maria Theresa, the Count-Duque of Olivares, chief minister, as well as one of the organisers of the meeting, and the painter Diego Velázquez, who was then sixty years of age. Such grand meetings between reigning monarchs had become increasingly rare in the 17th century.\n",
"E... |
why can really bad nostalgia feel like it physically hurts? | I think i get this feeling at the end of really great books and movies too. | [
"Although nostalgia is often triggered by negative feelings, it results in increasing one's mood and heightening positive emotions, which can stem from feelings of warmth or coping resulting from nostalgic reflections. One way to improve mood is to effectively cope with problems that hinder one's happiness. Batcho ... |
whats this future "water crisis" i occasionally hear about on the internet? | Climate change has reduced the total output of many major rivers and over-exploitation has depleted many important underground aquifers that cities and agriculture rely on. In Northeast Africa, several countries are dependent on the Nile, and Egypt, the most powerful of these countries, is at the very end of the Nile, ... | [
"The current water crisis is a result of the deteriorated state of the water infrastructure due to underinvestment in the water sector and conflict-related destruction as well as the rapid growth of the population, which was estimated at 4 percent in urban areas and 2.5 percent in rural areas by the World Bank in 2... |
How to derive the Relativistic Doppler shift in Energy? | The easiest way is simply to apply the Lorentz transformations to the four-momentum of a photon.
For any four-vector A^(μ), the Lorentz transformations for a boost in the x-direction say:
A^(0)' = γ(A^(0) - βA^(1)),
A^(1)' = γ(A^(1) - βA^(0)),
A^(2)' = A^(2),
A^(3)' = A^(3).
With β = v/c, and γ = (1-β^(2))^(-1/2)... | [
"A more precise confirmation of the relativistic Doppler effect was achieved by the Mössbauer rotor experiments. From a source in the middle of a rotating disk, gamma rays are sent to an absorber at the rim (in some variations this scheme was reversed), and a stationary counter was placed beyond the absorber. Accor... |
Why can European Colonialism be seen as an earlier form of globalisation? | Globalization refers to the international exchange of ideas, products, and cultures. There is something going both ways when we talk about globalization. Globalization is a much more equal exchange of cultures than colonialism was. Colonialism is basically just taking one culture, and transplanting it into a new locati... | [
"The loss of overseas colonies partly also led many Western nations, particularly in continental Europe, to focus more on European, rather than global, politics as the European Union rose as an important entity. Though gone, the colonial empires left a formidable cultural and political legacy, with English, French,... |
why do we use wax instead of rubber to seal toilets to the floor drain? | Toilet flanges are often really uneven, especially when on a concrete floor. You need the wax to compress a LOT usually. It will squish as much as a half inch, and it won't put any upward force on the toilet. If you tried to compress rubber that much, you'd need to tighten the bolts on the toilet too much and it wou... | [
"Many types of toilets without a water seal (also called dry toilets or \"non-flush toilets\") exist. These types of toilets do not use water as an odor seal or to move excreta along. For example, from simple to more complex: a bucket toilet (honey bucket), a tree bog or arborloo (two simple systems for converting ... |
What program was used to read the first computer code? What code was that program using? | An important concept here is to make sure that you think about a computer program as a set of instructions. It's like a recipe or a script- a list of things to do in a certain sequence. A program doesn't do anything by itself, just like a recipe doesn't cook dinner (as much as I wish it would...)
The computer hardware... | [
"The earliest programs for stored-program computers were entered in binary through the front panel switches of the computer. This first-generation programming language had no distinction between source code and machine code.\n",
"The first computer codes were specialized for their applications: e.g., Alonzo Churc... |
how can a website like _url_0_ host videos of graphic isis executions and remain online? | What law are they breaking? It's freedom of expression to upload videos, no matter how graphic. Censoring them isn't going to keep people from dying. | [
"The ISIS executions typically consist of beheadings or mass shootings in retaliation to western intervention in ISIS territory. The particular videos that ISIS often post include executions of “enemies of the Caliphate,” which often consist of westerners or Jordanian nationals. Most infamously, an executioner name... |
why in construction, when they lay rebar, is it in a grid pattern? | Because grids are easy and the structural integrity gained from triangles would not outway the massive extra time investment. | [
"\"The Grid\" is a series of parallel roads that are crossed at right angles by a series of parallel streets - so named because of the grid layout of the streets. The roads run from Replingham Road, in the north to Revelstoke Road, in the south, and the streets run from Elsenham Street, in the west, to Astonville S... |
How does a magnetic memory storage work? | First off, magnetic storage stores all it's data through domains. Basically, a [magnetic domain](_URL_4_) is a small unit of magnetic material that has one of two possible orientations: North-South or South-North. We can represented data as 1's and 0's by flipping the polarity of the magnet, by means of a stronger magn... | [
"Magnetic-core memory was invented in 1947 and developed up until the mid-1970s. It became a widespread form of random-access memory, relying on an array of magnetized rings. By changing the sense of each ring's magnetization, data could be stored with one bit stored per ring. Since every ring had a combination of ... |
what is the order of shutting down a computer/laptop? which hardware pieces are shut down first, and last? | The purpose of a proper shutdown is to save data in applications and services to disk to prevent data corruption and data loss. As well as to cleanup logs and temporary data. This way digital garbage data (left-overs from a running application) isn't left lying about on your computer taking up space or potentially caus... | [
"Normally, when the computer is shutting down, every mounted storage will undergo an unmounting process to ensure that all queued data got written, and to preserve integrity of file system structure on the media.\n",
"In Microsoft Windows and ReactOS, a PC or server is shut down by selecting the Shutdown item fro... |
What are some of the pros, cons and ethical issues surrounding genetic engineering of humans? | Each cell in your body has about 6,000,000,000 pairs of molecules which we refer to as [base pairs](_URL_12_), excluding egg and sperm cells (and some other [cool cells](_URL_8_)), that make up your DNA. Your DNA serves as a template that is read by a whole host of crazy-complex cellular machinery to make RNA, and tha... | [
"In October 2015, the United Nations' International Bioethics Committee wrote that the ethical problems of human genetic engineering should not be confused with the ethical problems of the 20th century eugenics movements. However, it is still problematic because it challenges the idea of human equality and opens up... |
why do people spell words differently depending on countries? like in america we spell it "armor " other people spell it, "armour." same with color and colour and favorite and favourite and grey and gray. | This is because American English is kind of like a time capsule of older British English. Back in the early 1600s when America was settled, English used -or that came from Latin words. However in the mean time of the 1700 and 1800s British people decided they wanted to have French spellings which use -our for their Fre... | [
"The word \"armour\" began to appear in the Middle Ages as a derivative of Old French. It is dated from 1297 as a \"mail, defensive covering worn in combat\". The word originates from the Old French , itself derived from the Latin meaning \"arms and/or equipment\", with the root meaning \"arms or gear\".\n",
"Som... |
what do the specs on my pc mean? | > HP Pavilion Desktop, 590-p0066
Just the name
> Intel® Core¿ i5-8400
The name of the CPU (the "engine" of the PC). Tells you about how powerful it will be on most applications (i5 8400 is pretty decent and good enough for even the newest PC games)
> 12 GB DDR4-2666
There are 12 Gigabytes of RAM (pretty ... | [
"Speccy, developed by Piriform, is a freeware utility software and runs under Microsoft Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Vista and XP for both IA-32 and x64 versions of these operating systems, which shows the user information about hardware and software of the computer. The information displayed by Speccy include... |
why is it that in certain cultures the dowry is paid to the groom while in others, the dowry is paid to the bride’s family? | > Dowries exists in societies where capital is more valuable than manual labor. For instance, in Middle-Age Europe, the family of a bride-to-be was compelled to offer a dowry —- land, cattle and money —- to the family of the husband-to-be. Bridewealth exists in societies where manual labor is more important than capi... | [
"Traditionally, and still in some parts of the world, the bride or her family bring her husband a \"dowry\", or the husband or his family pay a \"bride price\" to the bride's family, or both are exchanged between the families; or the husband pays the wife a \"dower\". The purpose of the dowry varies by culture and ... |
why do chicken nuggets only seem to come in those four shapes? | McDonald's Chicken McNuggets are basically chicken sausage that's cut & pressed into those specific shapes then breaded and par-cooked before getting shipped to the stores.
_URL_0_ | [
"According to McDonald's, the nuggets come in four shapes: the bell, the bow-tie, the ball and the boot. The reason for the four different shapes is to ensure consistent cooking times for food safety. Four shapes were chosen because McDonalds states \"The 4 shapes we make Chicken McNuggets in was the perfect equili... |
What euphemisms did the Germans use in the Third Reich? | The way the Nazi regime changed and some say corrupted the German language is a very interesting topic that has been studied in some detail, though most of the scholarly works are naturally in German. I drew up a short bibliography a while back for another user.
The first to study "Nazi German" in depth was German lin... | [
"The Nazis used the word \"Gleichschaltung\" for the process of successively establishing a system of totalitarian control and coordination over all aspects of German society and societies occupied by Nazi Germany. It has been variously translated as \"co-ordination\", \"Nazification of state and society\", \"synch... |
Why didn't Caesarion become caesar's heir? | Caesarion was never acknowledged by Caesar as being his son, and there were a lot of Caesarians who refused to believe Cleopatra's claim--in fact, Cleopatra's claim seems not to have been taken particularly seriously or simply was ignored until Antony formally acknowledged Caesarion at the Donations of Alexandria, whic... | [
"Following Sulla's final victory, though, Caesar's connections to the old regime made him a target for the new one. He was stripped of his inheritance, his wife's dowry, and his priesthood, but he refused to divorce Cornelia and was forced to go into hiding. The threat against him was lifted by the intervention of ... |
How do current concepts of fusion reactors manage to have both a super-heated plasma and super-cooled magnets right next to each other? | Unlike a spacecraft, we have more cooling options. We can have huge tanks of liquid N2 just sitting in the parking lot and get them refilled when we run out. We can use heat rejection to the atmosphere or a giant lake to help cool the active coolent lines. In space you can only get rid of heat via radiation which isn't... | [
"There have also been theoretical studies involving the use of fusion reactors as so called \"actinide burners\" where a fusion reactor plasma such as in a tokamak, could be \"doped\" with a small amount of the \"minor\" transuranic atoms which would be transmuted (meaning fissioned in the actinide case) to lighter... |
what exactly is diving/flopping in soccer and how did it become so endemic in the professional level? | Acting like you got fouled hard without actually really getting fouled hard or at all. Its used in FOOTBALL because getting fouled can result im game changing results by getting the ball back, free kicks, penalties or even a card to the opposite team.
Its seen in baseball sometimes when a pitch is really tight and ... | [
"\"Some progressive professional leagues, such as the Australian A-League and the American MLS have already started handing down punishments for players found guilty of diving. This is the best way to decrease the incentive for diving,\" says Dr. Robbie Wilson of the soccerscience lab that conducted the study.\n",
... |
what's stopping non-americans from further suing (and winning) red bull for the false advertising? | For a company to be required to issue payments to people living outside the US, the case would have to have been heard in an [International Litigation] court.
This case was heard and ruled on in a domestic court so it only applies to domestic residents. | [
"In 2014, Red Bull faced a US$13 million settlement addressing two consumer class action lawsuits in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The listed plaintiffs were Benjamin Careathers, David Wolf, and Miguel Almarez who sued the company for Red Bull's marketing and labeling, clai... |
pre 1492 what was the most northerly native American group to have a writing system? | Mesoamerica is the only place that had true writing prior to 1492. Maya sites in the Yucatan, such as Chichen Itza are actually farther north than Nahua writers in the Triple Alliance or Mixtec writers in Oaxaca. | [
"BULLET::::- Writing system – many indigenous American cultures, such as the Olmec, Maya, Aztec, Zapotec, and Toltec, had developed their own unique writing system independent of any Old World influences. Other native peoples to the north—mainly Algonquians—had organized pictographing that was close to evolving int... |
When did shortening names into nicknames become common? | Examples I can think of from Antiquity include "Yosi" from "Yoseph" (Joseph) and "Yeshua" from "Yehoshua" (Joshua), from which "Jesus" is derived. Note that often, that would be someone's given name, but it was given to them as a shortening of an existing name. | [
"BULLET::::- Addition of diminutives: Before the 17th century, most nicknames had the diminutive ending \"-in\" or \"-kin\", where the ending was attached to the first syllable: Watkin for Walter via Wat-kin; Hobkin from Robert via Hob-kin; or Thompkin from Thomas via Thom-Kin. While most of these have died away, a... |
the difference between microsoft "spying" on me vs google. | As I understand it, the big thing currently is Microsoft's choice to make many services on Windows 10 "opt-out", and if you use the express settings when you first load the system you are automatically signed up for services that, among other things, *grant Microsoft access to any file on your computer even if you have... | [
"In 2013, Microsoft launched an advertising campaign to attack Google for scanning email messages, arguing that most consumers are not aware that Google monitors their personal messages to deliver targeted ads. Microsoft claims that its email service Outlook does not scan the contents of messages and a Microsoft sp... |
if gamestop doesn’t make money off of new games, why do they want you to pre-order from them so bad? | They make money off of new games. They do not sell them at cost, they sell them at retail price so what you have heard is wrong.
As for Pre-Order Bundles? They once again they pay a whole sale price like all businesses for the items and the sell it at a retail price. That price difference is calculated in the price o... | [
"GameStop has been criticized by game developers and publishers for the retailing of used game titles. By reselling used copies at a small discount on the same shelf space as new copies of the game, it is argued that GameStop is taking profits directly from organizations such as developers and publishers which are ... |
what happens to candidates who unsuccessfully run for president? | Totally depends. A lot of them are still in office when they run, so in that case they'll generally just keep doing what they were doing and will frequently serve additional terms. The party is unlikely to completely dump them, because they had to be pretty popular in general to even run for president. But it's also un... | [
"Before the presidential nomination season actually begins, there is often speculation about whether a single front runner would emerge. If there is no single candidate receiving a majority of delegates at the end of the primary season, a scenario called a brokered convention would result, where a candidate would b... |
why does a glass break if someone screams at a high enough pitch? | its not how high the pitch is, its what is called "resonant frequencies" if the frequency of your voice coincides with a frequency that the glass naturally vibrates at, it becomes timed perfectly to increase the amplitude of that wave until the glass can no longer handle the stress. A good way to think about resonant f... | [
"It is this compressive stress that gives the tempered glass increased strength. This is because annealed glass, which has almost no internal stress, usually forms microscopic surface cracks, and in the absence of surface compression, any applied tension to the glass causes tension at the surface, which can drive c... |
why is it that when a tall person and a short person have a baby, they are normally average height, and not that of either of the parent's height? how does the parents dna mix to average out to that? | 1. Because complete dominance is not the only way genetics works. You can see many other types [in the Wikipedia article](_URL_0_).
2. Because height is not determined purely by genetics.
Edit: Formatting. | [
"Height, like other phenotypic traits, is determined by a combination of genetics and environmental factors. A child's height based on parental heights is subject to regression toward the mean, therefore extremely tall or short parents will likely have correspondingly taller or shorter offspring, but their offsprin... |
why do gummy multi vitamins taste so good, whereas chewing on a hard multi vitamin taste like crap? | BecUse they put sugar in the gummy version | [
"The chewable form of Flintstones Complete contains higher amounts of vitamins and minerals than the gummy version. The chewable form, unlike the gummy version, contains: Vitamins B1 (thiamin), B2 (riboflavin), Niacin, Calcium, Iron, Copper and Selenium.\n",
"Studies have shown that gum flavor is perceived better... |
how does a recount work? | Not an expert by any means but in curious as well. My understanding is a recount must be manually done. Hence the cost. Can you imagine paying people to sit and count hundreds of thousands or even millions of ballots? Plus you need facilities in order to do this. Plus I imagine there are added fidelity and quality proc... | [
"An election recount is a repeat tabulation of votes cast in an election that is used to determine the correctness of an initial count. Recounts will often take place in the event that the initial vote tally during an election is extremely close.\n",
"A recount method is used to fill mid-term vacancies in the Leg... |
lottery odds. why if the odds are so small do we have winners about every month or so? | Powerball has about 175 million possible combinations. So, if you bought 175 million tickets you would be guaranteed that one of them would win. When the jackpot gets this high you are going to have a lot of people buying tickets. They may not sell 175 million this week, but they will probably sell at least 100 million... | [
"The odds of winning can also be reduced by increasing the group from which numbers are drawn. In the SuperEnalotto of Italy, players must match 6 numbers out of 90. The chance of winning the jackpot is 1 in 622,614,630.\n",
"\"Odds\" (as in gambling) are expressed as a ratio. For example, odds of \"7 to 3 agains... |
why do most people recommend running intervals instead of longer runs to train for short distance timed runs? | Two things: One is muscle practice, you want to practice in situations as close as possible to what you are being tested on so you get good at it. Secondly, longer runs use different muscles so you would be building different muscles. | [
"Intervals “are short, intense efforts followed by equal or slightly longer recovery time.\" By the end of a short burst of speed, the runner is barely able to keep up that pace. Unlike fartleks, interval runs are much more structured; usually running the fast and slow spurts at exact times or distances. Interval r... |
why do public sector bodies pay tax? | For income tax, it's just easier to make everyone follow the same rules regardless of what organisation employs them.
Public sector bodies could work that into their pay scales instead. So for a job that would earn £50,000 in the private sector, they could just pay them around £37,000 instead, but tax free. But then i... | [
"Tax revenue is the income that is gained by governments through taxation. Taxation is the primary source of income for a state. Revenue may be extracted from sources such as individuals, public enterprises, trade, royalties on natural resources and/or foreign aid. An inefficient collection of taxes is greater in c... |
Was there any concern in the US government that the Enola Gay could have been shot down before bombing Hiroshima, and that the atomic bomb could fall into the hands of the Japanese? | Yes, as with all flight missions, mechanical failure or being shot down is a completely real and valid concern.
For years, pilots of all nations were equipped with evasion kits. Parts of these kits included cloth maps, [such as this one]( _URL_6_), which would allow for the pilots to be able to navigate on the ground... | [
"Enola Gay makes a successful drop on the morning of August 6, 1945. Recalls an airman afterward: \"I'll tell you what I thought: this is the end of the war.\" The Japanese war cabinet is told that the blast killed or injured 130,000 people, but the hardliners argue that the U.S. can't have many more such bombs, th... |
lobotomy | Different parts of the brain do different things. There are parts that know how to talk, there are parts that know how to read, and there are parts that know how to dance. Everything you do, from math to singing, from being hungry to breathing, there is a part of the brain that knows how to do it.
A lobotomy is somet... | [
"The American term lobotomy has never been used by medical writers in the UK to describe a psychosurgical operation on the frontal lobe. The standard Freeman-Watts operation, called a lobotomy in the US, was called a leucotomy in the UK. Freeman later developed a psychosurgical technique in which an instrument is i... |
what creates the red color in corned beef? | Cow muscles contain a protein called Myoglobin to hold onto oxygen inside the muscle.
Most recipes for corned beef use chemicals called nitrates or nitrites to kill certain kinds of dangerous bacteria.
Myoglobin just so happens to react to these chemicals, becoming Nitrosomyoglobin.
Nitrosomyoglobin just so happ... | [
"Raw beef is red, because the muscles of vertebrate animals, such as cows and pigs, contain a protein called myoglobin, which binds oxygen and iron atoms. When beef is cooked, the myoglobin proteins undergo oxidation, and gradually turn from red to pink to brown; that is, from rare to medium to well-done. Pork cont... |
If the Axis Powers in World War 2 so easily destroyed the air force of the French and English why didn't Hitler airdrop troops in mainland England? | First, the Royal Air Force was not at all destroyed. Through 1940 the Germans usually had a small advantage in total airframes, but it was in the neighborhood of a 20% advantage at any given time. Flying defenseless troop transports into an area where your opponent could throw up hundreds of fighters is generally not a... | [
"During the First World War, the Germans had used Zeppelins as long-range bombers over London and other cities and defences had struggled to counter the threat. Since that time aircraft capabilities had improved considerably and the prospect of widespread aerial bombardment of civilian areas was causing the governm... |
is sperm actually alive. does it constitute life or do we just use terms like 'alive' to understand it better? | Sperm is alive in the same way that your blood cells are alive. I think you are mixing up being alive with being an organism.
Sperm cells are not individual organisms, but they are still living cells. | [
"With the discovery of sperm and the concept of spermism came a religious quandary. Why would so many little animals be wasted with each ejaculation of semen? Pierre Lyonet said the wastage proved that sperm could not be the seeds of life. Leibniz supported a theory called panspermism that the wasted sperm might ac... |
What was the Non-American opinion of successful generalship in the US Civil War? | In a brief comment, I can speak to their skill in historical view, though not internationally from the time. There are the good, the bad and the ugly in that War.
You have some Visionaries, Longstreet at Fredericksburg is basically fighting WWI 60 years early. You have Sherman foreseeing the development of total war ... | [
"Ezra J. Warner noted that during the American Civil War, a large number of political generals, including Sigel and Banks for the Union and Breckinridge for the Confederacy, were undoubtedly popular with their men, largely because of their ties to the specific groups they represented. However, the vast majority wer... |
why is it that so many things are so easy to hack, but i've never seem someone hack their way onto tv? | There have been hacks on TV, try googling the Max Headroom incident. | [
"An aspect of hack value is performing feats for the sake of showing that they can be done, even if others think it is difficult. Using things in a unique way outside their intended purpose is often perceived as having hack value. Examples are using a dot matrix impact printer to produce musical notes, using a flat... |
What historical treasures have been lost to human stupidity or accidents? | The Library of Alexandria. I really would have liked to read Ptolemy Soter's first hand accounts of his campaigns with Alexander the Great. | [
"Lost Treasure is an American magazine, found both online and in print, which describes lost treasures and different methods and items used finding them. Examples are lost mines, and valuables lost through wars, theft, or forgetfulness. The magazine is published on a monthly basis and includes tests of various meta... |
Why doesn't blood clot in an erect penis? | Blood is still circulating. If it wasn't the tissue would become hypoxic, ischemic, and finally necrotic in a short matter of time. | [
"Blood can leave the erectile tissue only through a drainage system of veins around the outside wall of the corpus cavernosum. The expanding spongy tissue presses against a surrounding dense tissue (tunica albuginea) constricting these veins, preventing blood from leaving. The penis becomes rigid as a result. The g... |
If I went back in a time-machine to say a Roman festival (12AD), and I made a friend, would I be genetically compatible mate, (ie are we sufficient genetically similar to that of 2000 years ago for mating), if so, How far back do I need to go before I would be probably incompatible? | You'd certainly be good for at least 50,000 years, and probably for two or three times that. If you are European, you are most likely more genetically similar to your hypothetical Roman than you are to a modern-day person from another continent. 2000 years is no time at all. | [
"Gottlieb's next production, \"Same Time, Next Year\", brought to the Broadway stage Bernard Slade's story of two people, each married to someone else, who meet once a year for a romantic tryst. The play opened in March 1975 with Ellen Burstyn and Charles Grodin and ran on Broadway until September 1978 and was also... |
How close to earth would a supernova have to be for us to feel any radiant warmth from it? | The only number I can find for luminosity of a supernova is about on the order of 10 billion solar units. This means that at the explosion, the supernova is about 10 billion times as bright as the sun. So in order for the supernova to deliver the same amount of light energy to the Earth as the sun, it would have to be ... | [
"A near-Earth supernova is a supernova close enough to the Earth to have noticeable effects on its biosphere. Depending upon the type and energy of the supernova, it could be as far as 3000 light-years away. Gamma rays from a supernova would induce a chemical reaction in the upper atmosphere converting molecular ni... |
how do animals develop relationships with their human carers? animals are giving hugs to their owners and what goes on in an animals brain? | Most of these animals are herd/pack/family animals. They interact socially based on trust, affection and mutual benefit, same as humans. A human carer provides an animal with activity, food, treatment, training, and leadership. Pack animals have a need for all of this, same as humans.
We don't really know what goes on... | [
"BULLET::::- Attachment has evolved because it promotes the survival of helpless infants. Primates and other animals reflexively attach themselves physically to their parent, and have some calls that elicit parental attention. Human babies have adaptively developed signaling mechanisms such as crying, babbling, and... |
Geosynchronous equatorial orbit with eccentricity? | Yup - and as you correctly pointed out, it would not be geostationary with e > 0. I think the effect from the ground would be that the satellite would wander back and forth across the sky, with a wandering period of 24 hours. | [
"The orbital inclination of a GTO is the angle between the orbit plane and the Earth's equatorial plane. It is determined by the latitude of the launch site and the launch azimuth (direction). The inclination and eccentricity must both be reduced to zero to obtain a geostationary orbit. If only the eccentricity of ... |
what is the methodology of evaluating effectiveness of a us president over the duration of his term | Everyone makes their own judgement. In 100 years a historian writes a definitive, researched book on his time in office using hindsight. That's when the evaluation starts to be objective. | [
"BULLET::::- Comparing the CBO baseline as of January of a President's first year in office versus what actually happens thereafter is one way of measuring the impact of the President's policies or unforeseen economic events on deficits and debt.\n",
"In the book Deitrick and Goldfarb rank the United States Presi... |
What is the historicity of early Christian martyrdom stories (Paul, Peter, Andrew, etc) and do we know who 'the Twelve' were? | A PhD grad student (Classics) at UC Irvine has written a good overview of the sources for the fates of the apostles.
_URL_0_
Basically, most of them come from apocrypha, many of which were written a century or more after the deaths of the apostles, include fairly implausible details and are not otherwise considered ... | [
"The commemoration of the massacre of these \"Holy Innocents\", traditionally regarded as the first Christian martyrs, if unknowingly so, first appears as a feast of the Western church in the Leonine Sacramentary, dating from about 485. The earliest commemorations were connected with the Feast of the Epiphany, 6 Ja... |
what would happen to a person being turned upside down indefinitely? what is happening inside the body? | The human body normally works with gravity as much as possible, and has to develop methods to work against it. Our legs have a very powerful hookup to pull the blood back up from the bottom, for example.
However, our brain doesn't. Normally, blood will flow back out of the head with little effort due to gravity. If pl... | [
"Caution should be taken not to have one's body suspended in an upside-down position for very long periods of time, since the human body lacks a design for forcing back blood that's running to the head (something intended by force of gravity to take care of itself). \n",
"Being suspended upside down can be a very... |
why are you woozy and uncoordinated after you wake up in the morning? | Part of it is melatonin. It breaks down after waking up due to (sun)light, which is why waking up in the dark is harder and usually makes you feel more drowsy at first. Melatonin is responsible, in part, for making you feel tired at night. | [
"The second of two episodes typically begins with the continuation of the previous night's activities. Frequently this involved some late-night conversation before the Family dozed off. The next morning, Yoo Jae-suk is typically the first to be woken and is then himself assigned the task of waking the other Family ... |
passing laws without congressional consent? | He's not actually making laws. He's issuing executive orders and prioritizing legal enforcement. Basically, something that virtually every president ever has done. | [
"Much of the legislation dealt with by Congress is drafted at the initiative of the executive branch. The president may personally propose legislation in annual and special messages to Congress including the annual State of the Union address and joint sessions of Congress. If Congress has adjourned without acting o... |
Can you fit an infinite amount of objects which have an infinitely small volume in any finite volume? | Yes, in a sense. This is sort of how finding areas bounded by curves is done in calculus, though we try to avoid this exact language because the notion of an 'infinitely small volume' causes some technical problems.
Doing this is actually a rather old technique though, Archimedes used a related method (the method of e... | [
"Infinite volume manifolds can have many different types of geometric structure: for example, R can have 6 of the different geometric structures listed above, as 6 of the 8 model geometries are homeomorphic to it. Moreover if the volume does not have to be finite there are an infinite number of new geometric struct... |
- bath salts | I assume you are referring to the research chemical commonly sold as a "legal" drug under the guise of bath salts.
The simplest way to put it what "spice"(JWH-18) is to marijuana, bath salts (MDPV) is to amphetamine salts (but around 4x the potency).
The more complicated answer is that Methylenedioxypyrovalerone was ... | [
"Substances often labeled as bath salts include magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts), sodium chloride (table salt), sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), sodium hexametaphosphate (Calgon, amorphous/glassy sodium metaphosphate), sodium sesquicarbonate, borax, and sodium citrate. Glycerin, or liquid glycerin, is another commo... |
how do fiat currencies work? | Our currency doesn't have value because I can exchange it for an equivalent amount of gold at a reserve somewhere. Our currency has value because we all collectively believe it has value. That's it. So long as the grocery store, car mechanic, bank, etc see my paper money as valuable, then it's valuable. If they don't, ... | [
"Fiat money or fiat currency is money whose value is not derived from any intrinsic value or guarantee that it can be converted into a valuable commodity (such as gold). Instead, it has value only by government order (fiat). Usually, the government declares the fiat currency (typically notes and coins from a centra... |
After doing a repetitive task for hours on end, sometimes you close your eyes and you can see it. What is going on here? | [The Tetris effect (also known as Tetris Syndrome) occurs when people devote sufficient time and attention to an activity that it begins to overshadow their thoughts, mental images, and dreams. It is named after the video game Tetris.](_URL_0_) | [
"Computer workers are often advised to take breaks and look at distant objects. A routinely recommended approach is to consciously blink the eyes every now and then (this helps replenish the tear film) and to look out the window to a distant object or to the sky—doing so provides rest to the ciliary muscles. One of... |
why is daylight savings time not centered around the solstices? | DST started as a program to help farmers. Planting season begins before the summer solstice and harvesting season ends before the winter solstice. | [
"Daylight saving time (DST), also daylight savings time or daylight time (United States) and summer time (United Kingdom, European Union, and others), is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months so that evening daylight lasts longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions that use d... |
Does the visual attention of the brain alternate from one eye to the other? | I'm not sure about how involuntary it is, but you can force the effect pretty easily.
Try covering an eye with your hand and looking off into the distance. With a little practice, you can 'force' your brain to rely on your covered eye a lot more than your uncovered one, and most of what you're looking at will go bl... | [
"The optic nerves from both eyes meet and cross at the optic chiasm, at the base of the hypothalamus of the brain. At this point the information coming from both eyes is combined and then splits according to the visual field. The corresponding halves of the field of view (right and left) are sent to the left and ri... |
Are there, or would there be any macroscopic effects of gravitational waves passing through matter? (Earth, humans, e.g.) | The simplest gravitational wave would alternate between A. Squishing you head to toe while stretching you side to side and B. Stretching you head to toe while squishing you from the sides.
It would feel like a force was squeezing and stretching you, though that's not quite what is happening. Really the vertical direc... | [
"Gravitational waves have two important and unique properties. First, there is no need for any type of matter to be present nearby in order for the waves to be generated by a binary system of uncharged black holes, which would emit no electromagnetic radiation. Second, gravitational waves can pass through any inter... |
why does it seem i overheat and sweat more when i sit down and try to rest after physical activity, whereas if i keep doing it, i do not feel as hot? | Because when you're still exercising you're still forcing air to come into contact with your sweat. The sweat absorbs some of the heat from you in order to evaporate into the air, and the process is greatly accelerated by movement in relation to the air.
When you rest, the movement is gone. The sweat is still cooling ... | [
"Long and irregular shifts may lead to sleep deprivation and fatigue, increasing the risk of injuries. Additionally, heat stress is a concern as workers are often exposed to hot and humid temperatures, wear protective clothing and equipment, and have physically difficult tasks. Heat stress may increase the risk of ... |
Could the prenatal oxygen supply system be emulated such that those with severe lung damage could be kept alive without needing to breathe? | You mean like [one of these](_URL_0_)? | [
"More recent evidence has suggested a relationship between respiratory diseases and oxygen shortage of the ameloblasts and MIH. Lastly oxygen shortage combined with low birth weight is suspected to be a contributing factor \n",
"Under ideal conditions (i.e., if pure oxygen is breathed before onset of apnea to rem... |
the nfl's ped policy. how is it that cheating athletes are only banned for 2-4 games? | A 2-4 game absence, depending on who you are, can be devastating to a team and could cost it the season. This is in addition to the NFL's really broad PED policy anyway. It's not uncommon for people to receive game bans for unintentionally taking a supplement that contained a banned ingredient. | [
"The NFL's rule on deliberate fouls is open-ended but covers only \"successive or repeated fouls to prevent a score.\" It would only be a palpably unfair act for the defense to commit deliberate fouls, preferring the certainty of a small penalty over the uncertainty of a score attempt, if the defense did so again a... |
Kurt Vonnegut and the Hottentots | He was insulting his captors by likening then to a group that Nazis would regard as sub-human. | [
"Simon Steingut was a loyal Tammany soldier, and only one time acted contrary to Tammany interests. That time was just before the divorce from Lena, and Steingut exacted revenge from the highly connected Harburger clan (which included Tammany politicians and officials) by arranging for the sale of the building whic... |
why does the same food taste different in different countries? | Those companies have separate factories in different areas of the world, which source their ingredients from different suppliers. Sometimes, recipes are changed to adjust for local taste preferences. | [
"Because each culture varies in how it treats some foods, a food may be a candy in one place and a dessert in another. For example, in Western countries, baklava is served on a plate and eaten with a fork as a dessert, but in the Middle East, Northern Africa, and Eastern Europe, it is treated as a candy.\n",
"The... |
Why is there only one Hubble Ultra Deep Field image? | The Hubble Ultra Deep field is just one of several Deep Field's imaged by Hubble and there are others Deep fields by other Telescopes as well.
_URL_0_
Only this limited number have been observed due to the necessary time. More than 10 days of continuous observing time were required to create the imaged you linked. The... | [
"The Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (HUDF) is an image of a small region of space in the constellation Fornax, containing an estimated 10,000 galaxies. The original release was combined from Hubble Space Telescope data accumulated over a period from September 24, 2003, through to January 16, 2004. Looking back approximate... |
how do swarms of tiny flying insects not run into each other? | Insects have huge eyes and near total 360 degree vision. They can see the other bugs and avoid them when flying.
If they do collide, bugs are small and sturdy so there's no damage. | [
"\"S. surinama, \"like many other related wasp species, exhibit swarming behavior. Swarming behavior is a collective behavior in which certain events or stimuli cause many individuals of the same species (most commonly from the same colony) to fly in close aggregation with one another, often appearing to onlookers ... |
why does al-qaida kill people in their own countries? | They believe the only valid government would be inside a pan-islamic state, so they are fundamentally opposed to the national borders they operate inside. Also, they are often not inside their own countries, it is a very international movement.
Additionally they follow the ideas of modern Islamism which state that alm... | [
"Al-Qaida is weaker of the late because the United States and allies around the world the globe have been working on eliminating major players in al-Qaida's leadership. Some of those that were killed Khalid Ali Al-Hajj, Abdulaziz al-Muqrin, and Amjad Farooqui. There have been deaths and capture terrorist by governm... |
why do we tend to reflect on our mistakes and failures late at night? | Because, before going to bed, we try to calm ourselves and our brain, and if there are things that are troubling us, that is when they come up. When we want not to think about anything, those things are what we think about most. | [
"When errors occur throughout the forecasting process, people are vulnerable to biases. These biases disable people from accurately predicting their future emotions. Errors may arise due to extrinsic factors, such as framing effects, or intrinsic ones, such as cognitive biases or expectation effects. Because accura... |
Why do cell phone displays (mainly the LCD portion) continue to work after there is a crack in them? Wouldn't the crack stop current flow? | The crack is in the protective glass that covers the display. The actual LCD (or OLED) is underneath and if the crack isn't too bad, the actual display is often unaffected. | [
"The cause of this tendency is unclear. It might be due to accumulation of ionic impurities inside the LCD, electric charge building up near the electrodes, parasitic capacitance, or \"a DC voltage component that occurs unavoidably in some display pixels owing to anisotropy in the dielectric constant of the liquid ... |
i was watching guy work on an antenna on top of a skyscraper. i started wondering who builds those antennas? and how? it's so high up it seems impossible. | They don't build it high. They build it long and then make it tilt 90 degrees. On ground, it's easier manipulating gravity and making it work in your favor by laying all the separate pieces down. Assembly isn't usually required until the installation phase. From there, giant cranes take over. | [
"The antenna consists of one or more horizontal wires suspended between two supporting radio masts or buildings and insulated from them at the ends. A vertical wire is connected to the center of the horizontal wires and hangs down close to the ground, connected to the transmitter or receiver. Combined, the two sect... |
why aren't 2x4 studs actually 2 inches by 4 inches? | The other two commenters are correct. We refer to that 2x4 as the nominal measurement of the board before it's finished at the mill, then sent to the lumberyard or customer or whatever.
Same thing applies for pretty much every other board at the lumberyard except rough cut. 4x4 is 3 1/2 x 3 1/2, 2x6 is 1 1/2x5 1/2 ect... | [
"Although a narrower 4-pin and 6-pin connector fits into the wider 8-pin jack, the smaller connector can potentially damage the springs of a larger jack, because the body of the smaller connector press onto the contacts. The body of a 6P6C or 8P8C plug typically projects out by more than one millimeter further than... |
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