Split (2)

train · 226k rows

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how do fraternities work? do they serve any real function to the university?	Benefits to University: - Provides a social network for students who join. - Provides social and extracurricular events for students without the need for university resources. - Provides opportunities for students to gain experience holding leadership positions. - Often provides housing, which can be limited on som...	[ "In the context of the North American student fraternity and sorority system, service fraternities and service sororities comprise a type of organization whose \"primary\" purpose is community service. Members of these organizations are not restricted from joining other types of fraternities. This may be contrasted...
Why would decreasing the extracellular concentration of Na+ cause the membrane potential to increase (get more negative)?	To start with, your terminology is out. Getting more negative is a decrease in membrane potential. But it is quite confusing, that's why we always try to say depolarize or hyperpolarize. In response to your question, it is a little hard to know why in YOUR simulation changing [Na+]o (extracellular sodium concentration...	[ "As can be derived from the Goldman equation shown above, the effect of increasing the permeability of a membrane to a particular type of ion shifts the membrane potential toward the reversal potential for that ion. Thus, opening Na channels shifts the membrane potential toward the Na reversal potential, which is u...
Why was Unit 731 commissioned and did Japan ever intend on using their "research"?	You can get the US gov't documents here. _URL_0_ Pages 32-34 and 46-49 gives summaries of the activities during the investigation. Pages 53-55 gives a Q & A of Unit 731 in 1995. It's a US gov't report so it's very concerned about what happened to US PoWs. You should read the documents for yourself but here's my su...	[ ", also referred to as Detachment 731, the 731 Regiment, Manshu Detachment 731, The Kamo Detachment, or the Ishii Company, was a covert biological and chemical warfare research and development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army that undertook lethal human experimentation during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–19...
In general, how were utilities (plumbing, electricity, gas) handled in the United States during the late 19th and 20th centuries?	The modern induction type electromechanical watt-hour meter was invented for the Westinghouse corporation in 1894. Prior to that there were several different designs for metering electricity running back to Samuel Gardiner who invented a meter that measured how long electricity was applied to the load (it didn't measu...	[ "The 1860s saw the creation of a public water system providing firefighters with a source of water carried via wooden mains that could be accessed by boring a hole in them. Each of the pumpers carried a short pipe that was designed to be pushed into the hole to deliver water.\n", "In the United States it became a...
why does coconut oil and other oils soak into some people's skin, and sit on top of others?	Now that you mention it...Coconut oil will absorb on my upper body but just sits on my legs. It doesn't even help with the ash. You can see the ash under the oil if you look closely.	[ "Many health organizations advise against the consumption of coconut oil due to its high levels of saturated fat, including the United States Food and Drug Administration, World Health Organization, the United States Department of Health and Human Services, American Dietetic Association, American Heart Association,...
If stars emit light and planets don't, how do we discover new planets? Their reflection of their nearest stars?	[Wobble and transit.](_URL_0_) In the first one, the gravitational effects of a planet-sun coupling cause a "wobble" that permits detection from afar. In the second one, the planet's orbit is such that it goes between the distant star and the observer; this 'transit' blocks some of the light on a regular basis.	[ "Planets are extremely faint light sources compared to stars, and what little light comes from them tends to be lost in the glare from their parent star. So in general, it is very difficult to detect and resolve them directly from their host star. Planets orbiting far enough from stars to be resolved reflect very l...
Why do objects in space tumble when rotated on a certain axis?	Objects will appear to "tumble" if they are not being rotated about one of their three "principle axes." If you rotate an object about some arbitrary axis, then the angular momentum vector will not, in general, be in the same direction as the rotation vector. Because the angular momentum vector must be conserved, the...	[ "This is a list of tumblers, minor planets, comets and natural satellites that rotate on a non-principal axis, commonly known as \"tumbling\" or \"wobbling\". As of 2018, there are 3 natural satellites and 198 confirmed or likely tumblers out of a total of nearly 800,000 discovered small Solar System bodies. The da...
why does it seem like coca cola is sold in nearly every country of the world, even underdeveloped ones, but bottled water seems hard to come by?	Bottled water is available there also, but you hardly hear about it because bottled water doesn't have the marketing budget of a small country like Coca Cola pumps into marketing for it's Soft Drinks.	[ "The U.S. is the second largest consumer market for bottled water in the world, followed by Mexico, Indonesia, and Brazil. China surpassed the United States to take the lead in 2013. In 2016, bottled water outsold carbonated soft drinks (by volume) to become the number one packaged beverage in the U.S. In 2018, bot...
Why does traditional Japanese architecture only rarely use stone structures?	hi! additional input is welcome, but meanwhile, you may be interested in responses to these earlier questions * [Why are Japanese castles built of wood as opposed to stone?](_URL_5_) * [What military value did Japanese castles have, compared to European castles?](_URL_3_) * [Why didn't Asians build castles like the ...	[ "Japanese architects have designed a way to build temples, furniture, and homes without using screws or nails. To keep the piece together joints are constructed to hold everything in place. However, more time consuming, joints tend to hold up to natural disasters better than nails and screws, which is how some temp...
what is depression and how do i deal with a friend that has it?	I dealt with depression for a while and to be honest it was worse than any other physical pain I've ever experienced. It is something that is definitely overlooked or seen as not a big deal by a large part of our society because people don't understand it. While you will need to take what I say with a grain of salt, ...	[ "Depression is a symptom of some physical diseases; a side effect of some drugs and medical treatments; and a symptom of some mood disorders such as major depressive disorder or dysthymia. Physical causes are ruled out with a clinical assessment of depression that measures vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, and horm...
Is the expansion of Soviet influence and creation of the USSR considered imperialism?	It's generally (though not universally) accepted that the Soviet Union behaved in the manner of a traditional empire, however calling the Soviet Union 'an empire' is a bit of a loaded statement-- especially in the context of the 20th century when the British Empire and French Colonial Empire were either alive and well ...	[ "Cervetto Arrigo theorized \"Unitary Imperialism,\" starting with the\"Imperialism\" of Lenin, as opposed to the common vision of a bipolar world divided into two camps, Soviet socialism and the American Capitalism. Cervetto states that both powers were imperialists and capitalists, and that the unequal economic de...
we’re all told that using phones while they’re charging is bad. can anyone of the good people here tell me why?	Who told you that? It increases the amount of time it takes to charge, but is otherwise fine.	[ "In a number of cases it has been shown that bans on mobile use while driving have proven to be an effective way to deter people from picking up their phones. Those violating the ban usually face fines and points on their licence. Although an initial decrease/alteration in driving habits is to be expected. As time ...
Searching for books about Current Elites in Korea (~ < 50 yrs) for research. Any recommendations? (x/post /r/korea)	I've done research on Korea from an economic perspective (looking at how political changes and actions were central to development), but there's some overlap with you want so here's a few papers that might be a good starting point. If you are looking for specific individuals then these papers won't be much help, but if...	[ "The \"Daehan Gyenyeonsa\" (A History of the Final Years of the Empire of Great Han of Korea) is, as the title indicates, a history of the final forty years of Korea's Joseon dynasty (after 1898 known as the Empire of Great Han). It was penned by a minor government official and member of the Korean enlightenment mo...
even if we could terraform mars, wouldn't its lack of magnetic field mean cosmic radiation would continually bombard whatever is living on the surface?	Radiation doesn't just blast the surface with cancer rays, it also whisks away the atmosphere. Mar's atmosphere is very thin and complex life that we have on Earth cannot survive (it is called the Armstrong Limit).	[ "In 1965, the Mariner 4 probe discovered that Mars had no global magnetic field that would protect the planet from potentially life-threatening cosmic radiation and solar radiation; observations made in the late 1990s by the Mars Global Surveyor confirmed this discovery. Scientists speculate that the lack of magnet...
Did the U.S. experience any diplomatic fallout due to non-Japanese casualties of the atomic bombs?	I haven't really looked into the diplomatic fallout, though the issue did surface from time to time in the press. I know of nothing specific on this, but that doesn't mean anything (other than, maybe, the idea that it isn't something that has been written a lot about — but that doesn't mean it didn't exist). As for "...	[ "After the use of the bombs, American journalists traveled to the devastated areas and documented the horrors they saw. This raised moral concerns and the necessity of the attack. The motives of President Harry Truman, the United States Army Air Force (USAAF), and the United States Navy came under suspicion, and th...
How does your body remove excess salt from your body on a physiological level?	Excess salt doesn't really go into your cells, because you have a pump that pumps it out in exchange for pumping potassium into the cell. If large quantities of excess salt went into the cell, osmosis would, in fact, pull water into the cell causing it to swell and eventually burst. Instead, the salt remains in your p...	[ "Salting out (also known as salt-induced precipitation, salt fractionation, anti-solvent crystallization, precipitation crystallization, or drowning out) is an effect based on the electrolyte–non-electrolyte interaction, in which the non-electrolyte could be less soluble at high salt concentrations. It is used as a...
Does anyone have book recommendations covering the Battle of the Aisne (WW1)?	The Aisne is at the center of my research, and I feel your pain. There's not much out there. In the grand scheme of things, overviews of the 1914 campaign tend to view the Aisne as the final stage of the Marne. To historians of the French and British armies, it represents the Entente's inability to exploit the gap be...	[ "Derek Robinson's novel \"War Story\" is about the fictional Hornet Squadron flying the F.E.2b, and later the F.E.2d, giving an account of flying the fighter in the months leading up to the Battle of the Somme.\n", "The book is a description of the battlefield front-line from which the British Army attacked on th...
When Did Black Canadians Gain the Vote in Canada?	I've found a bunch of sources saying it was on the 24th of March 1837, at least for Lower Canada, but none of them tie into usable links, actual documents or even elaborate...	[ "Following the abolition of slavery in the British empire in 1834, any black man born a British subject or who become a British subject was allowed to vote and run for office, provided that they owned taxable property. The property requirement on voting in Canada was not ended until 1920. Black Canadian women like ...
How did the KKK become anti-semitic? I've read before that older members of the KKK claim that it wasn't anti-semitic initially, but that became part of the organisation's ideology over time. How and when did this happen?	Follow up question: Could this have been influenced by Nazism?	[ "Vehemently anti-Catholic, the 1915 Klan had an explicitly Protestant Christian terrorist ideology, basing its beliefs in part on a \"religious foundation\" in Protestant Christianity and targeting Jews, Catholics, and other social or ethnic minorities, as well as people who engaged in \"immoral\" practices such as...
why have some languages like spanish kept the pronunciation of the written language so that it can still be read phonetically, while spoken english deviated so much from the original spelling?	English did not originally have fixed spelling. People would spell words however they thought it sounded. This means that spelling varied from person to person and region to region. Also, due to being made of bits of several languages all smushed together often retaining parts of the original language's rules, there...	[ "However, some Spanish speakers are concerned that this proposal is unlikely to be adopted, since the Spanish language does not distinguish and from and respectively, and most of its speakers would therefore not even notice a difference in pronunciation.\n", "Peculiar to Spanish (as well as to the neighboring Gas...
Why were most of the popular ancient literature written in verse?	I think there is a flaw in your question, or at least several problematic assumptions about literature, ancient and modern. Let's take your examples. Firstly, the Bible contain significant portions of poetry (Psalms, large portions of the Prophetic books), but it is not all poetry, and it is not even mostly poetry. ...	[ "The Greeks created poetry before making use of writing for literary purposes. Poems created in the Preclassical period were meant to be sung or recited (writing was little known before the 7th century BC). Most poems focused on myths, legends that were part folktale and part religion. Tragedies and comedies emerge...
How long before a nuclear weapon is incapable of producing a nuclear explosion?	So the uranium 235 bombs required 56 kg of uranium. For an actual nuclear weapon (not a dirty bomb) about 85% of uranium must be weapons grade (not decayed). Soo.. Using formula N(t) = N e^ (-(half life)(t)) where N(t) = 85% * 56 = 47.6 N = 56 half life constant = 9.72*10^-10 atoms per year t = 1.67201x10^8 years! A ...	[ "Meanwhile, Pryce investigated how long a runaway nuclear chain reaction in an atomic bomb would continue before it blew itself apart. He calculated that since the neutrons produced by fission have an energy of about this corresponded to a speed of . The major part of the chain reaction would be completed in the or...
When did people start to identify more with skin color rather than language/culture.	Hi there -- you may be interested in [this recent answer](_URL_0_) from u/sowser, in which they go into some detail about how race is constructed through the experience of the Transatlantic slave trade. The whole thing is worth a read, but constructions of race are in part 4.	[ "The historical context for the emergence in the Americas of racial identities based upon skin color was the establishment of colonies which developed a plantation economy dependent upon slave labor. Before that, the British identified themselves as Christians rather than white. \"At the start of the eighteenth cen...
If you were to theoretically use a microwave to heat a freeze dried food product in an environment with 0% humidity, what would the outcome be?	A microwave oven will cause any molecule with dipoles to 'vibrate.' This includes water but also includes fats and sugars, so it would still heat up.	[ "Microwave ovens are frequently used for reheating leftover food, and bacterial contamination may not be repressed if the safe temperature is not reached, resulting in foodborne illness, as with all inadequate reheating methods. While microwaves can destroy bacteria as well as conventional ovens, they do not cook a...
it takes 11 minutes of hypoxia for the brain to die, but yet you can kill a man by strangling him much less. how come?	Strangling someone where pressure is put on the blood vessels in the neck can cause feedback to the heart which can cause it to go into cardiac arrest (gentle massage to the carotid is used to slow down rapid heartbeats). If done properly that can be done in only seconds. The person still takes a while to die but the...	[ "At the onset of clinical death, consciousness is lost within several seconds. Measurable brain activity stops within 20 to 40 seconds. Irregular gasping may occur during this early time period, and is sometimes mistaken by rescuers as a sign that CPR is not necessary. During clinical death, all tissues and organs ...
How far does the effect of time dilation "spread" from an object traveling at relativistic speeds?	No, it doesn't affect your clock at all (except an incredibly tiny amount of gravitational time dilation, which I don't think is what you're talking about and certainly isn't important for the discussion.) In special relativity, time dilation is not a 'field' or localized effect. It's just a thing that happens to obje...	[ "Relativistic time dilation means that a clock (indicating its proper time) that moves relative to an observer is observed to run slower. In fact, time itself in the frame of the moving clock is observed to run slower. This can be read immediately from the adjoining Loedel diagram quite straightforwardly because un...
During the height of the Cathar movement, what were gender relations like among the Cather Christians? Did their theology translate into women having a more equal status in society?	Catharism is a well-studied topic, and while you are waiting for fresh responses to your question, it is well worth reviewing [this earlier thread](_URL_0_), led by u/sunagainstgold, which looks at the the history and historiography of the supposed heresy, and points out that our understanding of "Catharism" is really ...	[ "Sociologist Linda L. Lindsey says \"Belief in the spiritual equality of the genders (Galatians 3:28) and Jesus' inclusion of women in prominent roles, led the early New Testament church to recognize women's contributions to charity, evangelism and teaching.\" Pliny the Younger, first century, says in his letter to...
Why does the reflection in a shallow pond change depending on the viewing angle?	The answer you seek lies in [Fresnel Equations](_URL_0_). While Snell's Law (n1 Sin[theta1] = n2 Sin[theta2]) will tell you about the angle of refraction compared to the angle of incidence, you need Fresnel equations to tell you how much light is refracted vs how much is transmitted. Take a look at [this image](_UR...	[ "A similar effect can be observed by opening one's eyes while swimming just below the water's surface. If the water is calm, the surface outside the critical angle (measured from the vertical) appears mirror-like, reflecting objects below. The region above the water cannot be seen except overhead, where the hemisph...
the process and significance of "making partner" in a law firm	It takes anywhere from 2 to 10 years to make partner at an average law firm (sometimes longer). In order to be considered for a partner position (while working as an associate), you usually need to work very hard and contribute a lot to your firm's business. It helps if you can pull a lot of all-nighters, find new clie...	[ "4) Partners are Mutual Agents.The business of firm can be carried on by all or any of them for all. Any partner has authority to bind the firm. Act of any one partner is binding on all the partners. Thus, each partner is ‘agent’ of all the remaining partners. Hence, partners are ‘mutual agents’. Section 18 of the ...
the corruption in illinois.	If you're looking for a simple answer, you're not going to find one. The various motivations and relationships between corruption, politics, and power is an extremely complex issue that can be interpreted through multiple lenses. Aside from what you can easily read on the relevant Wikipedia articles, there's a deeper s...	[ "Corruption in Illinois has been a problem from the earliest history of the state. Electoral fraud in Illinois pre-dates the territory's admission to the Union in 1818, Illinois was the third most corrupt state in the country, after New York and California, judging by federal public corruption convictions between 1...
why do phone carriers (verizon, etc) have a say in the release of updates for android phones, but not iphones?	iPhones are a locked ecosystem. The software & hardware is produced by them and therefore updates are pushed out whenever they want independent of the carrier. Android is an operating system that runs on other peoples hardware ... The hardware manufacturer has a deal with the carriers, the carrier sells their phone...	[ "The continued top popularity of the iPhone despite growing Android competition was also attributed to Apple being able to deliver iOS updates over the air, while Android updates are frequently impeded by carrier testing requirements and hardware tailoring, forcing consumers to purchase a new Android smartphone to ...
What did Paul Mattick mean when he said that Marx was a Socialist and not an economist?	I am not Marxian nor Marxist in anyways so my views would not be reflective of these sorts of views. That being said... the context of this quote and of the author is important. > It is often asserted that while Marx's theory transcends bourgeois economic theory in order to solve "economic problems" that cannot be...	[ "After arriving at his new professorship in Atlanta, Du Bois wrote a series of articles generally supportive of Marxism. He was not a strong proponent of labor unions or the Communist Party, but he felt that Marx's scientific explanation of society and the economy were useful for explaining the situation of African...
Do all species eventually face extinction?	So I hesitate to answer your question, because it enters more of a philosophical realm to truly answer it. What you're asking is basically: 1) Can species remain indefinitely? 2) Are all species subject to extinction? I break these up because they require different answers, which are: 1) sorta 2) Yeah When we see r...	[ "There are a variety of causes that can contribute directly or indirectly to the extinction of a species or group of species. \"Just as each species is unique\", write Beverly and Stephen C. Stearns, \"so is each extinction ... the causes for each are varied—some subtle and complex, others obvious and simple\". Mos...
when drinking water, what is the mechanism that decides if the water will go to the bladder or be absorbed?	The water is absorbed. The water that goes to your bladder is excreted by the kidneys as it filters your blood.	[ "As water is pumped out, the bladder's walls are sucked inwards by the partial vacuum created, and any dissolved material inside the bladder becomes more concentrated. The sides of the bladder bend inwards, storing potential energy like a spring. Eventually, no more water can be extracted, and the bladder trap is '...
how can they prove paedophilia, such as rolf harris, decades after the offences?	They usually take statements and try to corroborate them with accused testimony alibi. I watched a case link to Jimmy Saville where the women described a wall covered in graffiti where she was raped, years later they took new wall paper down and it was still there, all names of underage girls and their phone numbers. ...	[ "On 30 July 2014, the board of the National Trust of Australia (NSW) voted to remove Rolf Harris from the list after his conviction on 12 charges of indecent assault between 1969 and 1986 and to also withdraw the award. Harris had been among the original 100 Australians selected for the honour in 1997.\n", "The S...
Is it possible that our universe exists within something else? Where can I find more information about this?	There are a few things you should know: 1. Science is based on observation, not conjecture. An idea is worthless if it has no evidence to uphold it. 2. We observe things that are very far away by detecting the light they emit. 3. For things that are very, very, very far away (say, at the other edge of the unive...	[ "\"There are clear unknowables in science—reasonable questions that, unless currently accepted laws of nature are violated, we cannot find answers to. One example is the multiverse: the conjecture that our universe is but one among a multitude of others, each potentially with a different set of laws of nature. Othe...
why do people constantly encourage others to vote, when 90% of the public are uneducated about the topics they are voting about?	You are right, in principle, that people probably shouldn't vote if they don't know what they're doing. But obtaining a basic overview of issues and candidates is not hard--someone who is encouraged to vote is more likely to educate themselves in this way than someone who does not vote. Besides, a great many people who...	[ "One reason cited for why children and the mentally disabled are not permitted to vote in elections is that they are too intellectually immature to understand voting issues. This view is echoed in concerns about the adult voting population, with observers citing concern for a decrease in 'civic virtue' and 'social ...
How big of a nuclear bomb would be needed to disrupt or destroy a massive wedge Tornado?	That is one of the coolest questions I've ever seen.	[ "As a comparison, the blast yield of the GBU-43 Massive Ordnance Air Blast bomb is 0.011 kt, and that of the Oklahoma City bombing, using a truck-based fertilizer bomb, was 0.002 kt. Most artificial non-nuclear explosions are considerably smaller than even what are considered to be very small nuclear weapons.\n", ...
what was building 7? why do conspiracy theorists use it as an example? what is the "real explanation" behind its collapse? what do the theorists think happened?	The World Trade Center was a complex of seven buildings. The twin towers were 1 WTC and 2 WTC. Four other buildings were on the same block, and 7 WTC was across the street. While only the twin towers were struck by planes, their collapse caused substantial, irreperable damage to all the other buildings part of the WTC...	[ "The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) concluded the accepted version was more than sufficient to explain the collapse of the buildings. NIST and many scientists refuse to debate conspiracy theorists because they feel it would give those theories unwarranted credibility. Specialists in structura...
Why were entertainers looked down on in Ancient Rome?	First, disclaimer: Ancient Rome is not my area for this (China is) but I have dug into this a little in my reading. Both prostitutes and actors were classified legally as infamesin Augustus’ moral legislation. This was in part because they were viewed as faking emotions for money, and both groups also engaged in cro...	[ "Like gladiators, entertainers were \"infames\" in the eyes of the law, little better than slaves even if they were technically free. \"Stars\", however, could enjoy considerable wealth and celebrity, and mingled socially and often sexually with the upper classes, including emperors. Performers supported each other...
How were the Romans able to field much larger armies than Medieval Europe?	Firstly, keep in mind that the ancient armies you are describing were fielded by what were essentially ancient superpowers. At the time of the Punic Wars, the Carthaginians held an empire that controlled the western Mediterranean, spanning much of North Africa and Spain. Similarly, when you look at the various Persian ...	[ "Until the time of Napoleon, European states employed relatively small armies, made up of both national soldiers and mercenaries. These regulars were highly drilled professional soldiers. Ancien Régime armies could only deploy small field armies due to rudimentary staffs and comprehensive yet cumbersome logistics. ...
Did the UK have any options at the start of World War I other than to commit a land army?	Not really; for one thing, with Britain now at war, the staff talks with the French Army came into play, wherein the British would despatch an expeditionary force to assist them in fighting the Germans. Plus, the immediate reason for British involvement was the Invasion of Belgium, so the British could hardly be seen t...	[ "Such settlement plans initially began during World War I, with South Australia first enacting legislation in 1915. Similar schemes gained impetus across Australia in February 1916 when a conference of representatives from the Commonwealth and all States was held in Melbourne to consider a report prepared by the Fe...
What's the difference between an endosome and lysosome?	My understanding is that all material that's internalised by a cell starts as an endosome. If this material is destined for degradation, it becomes a lysosome. I.e., an endosome is a step on the way to lysosome.	[ "An endosome is a membrane-bound compartment inside a eukaryotic cell. It is an organelle of the endocytic membrane transport pathway originating from the trans Golgi network. Molecules or ligands internalized from the plasma membrane can follow this pathway all the way to lysosomes for degradation, or they can be ...
What did people think of fossils before modern archaeology and carbon dating?	Fairly insightful views were held by a few of the Ancient Greek philosophers, most notably Aristotle, who noticed the similarity between shells of contemporary sea creatures and fossilised shells he came across. He speculated that areas of former life had been turned to stone by the particularly strong petrifying force...	[ "While some geological evidence was presented to suggest that earlier fossils did exist, for a long time this evidence was widely rejected. Fossils from the Ediacaran period, immediately preceding the Cambrian, were first found in 1868, but scientists at that time assumed there was no Precambrian life and therefore...
why do children dislike the taste of alcohol so much?	Who likes the taste of alchohol?	[ "Taste preferences and eating behaviors in children are molded at a young age by factors, such as parents' habits and advertisements. One study compared what adults and children considered when choosing beverages. For the most part, adults considered whether beverages had sugar, caffeine, and additives. Some of the...
Are Tardigrades susceptible to viral and/or bacterial infection? Can they get ‘sick’?	In addition to the fungi u/drkirienko mentions, tardigrades also clearly act as hosts for various bacteria. However, it's more difficult to say which of these are beneficial, neutral, or antagonistic to their hosts. This is a little tangentially related to your question, but it's an interesting story nonetheless. Wh...	[ "Parasitic infections include trichomoniasis, pediculosis pubis, and scabies. Trichomoniasis is transmitted by a parasitic protozoan and is the most common non-viral STI. Most cases are asymptomatic but may present symptoms of irritation and a discharge of unusual odor. Pediculosis pubis commonly called \"crabs\", ...
In fiction, the gamma radiation (esp. from nuclear weapons) is usually depicted with a greenish, yellowish colour, and often makes objects glow. Does this occur in real life?	You can also look at the aurora borealis, which is caused by interaction of fast electrons (beta radiation) with the molecules in the atmosphere. The different molecules give off different colors after being excited by interaction with the electrons. In fiction (movies) you have the problem that the viewer needs to be...	[ "A gamma ray, or gamma radiation (symbol γ or formula_1), is a penetrating electromagnetic radiation arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei. It consists of the shortest wavelength electromagnetic waves and so imparts the highest photon energy. Paul Villard, a French chemist and physicist, discovered ga...
When and why did the "corporation" become the dominant business entity in America, when all of the great gilded age companies were organized as "trusts?"	I'm not sure I agree with the premise. The corporation's popularity spread with the growth of railroads: large undertakings, needing lots of investors, operating over large areas, usually with some years before any dividends would accrue—and most importantly, whose operations were inherently dangerous. Investors natu...	[ "Robert E. Wright argues in \"Corporation Nation\" (2014) that the governance of early U.S. corporations, of which over 20,000 existed by the Civil War of 1861-1865, was superior to that of corporations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries because early corporations governed themselves like \"republics\", repl...
Who decided that north was up?	Great answer to this question from /u/khosikulu [here](_URL_0_). > Historian of cartography (among other things) here. The northward orientation has a great deal to do with the importance of northward orientation to compass navigation. Portolans, and later projections aimed at navigation purposes (e.g., Mercator), ma...	[ "BULLET::::- Up is a metaphor for north. The notion that north should always be up and east at the right was established by the Greek astronomer Ptolemy. The historian Daniel Boorstin suggests that perhaps this was because the better-known places in his world were in the northern hemisphere, and on a flat map these...
what happens when i "zone out" after a few hours of being on the computer?	It's sort of like a vegetative state. You're letting your brain run on auto-pilot without paying attention to the world around you. This is why video games warn you to "take frequent breaks" these days - they reassert your grasp on reality and keep you from trancing too long. My advice? Set something in motion _before...	[ "The \"end\" case is a very simple case that works to simply delay the program to allow the user enough time to check that they have received their change and picked up their item. After 5000 milliseconds (5 seconds) the wait timer is used, up and the program continues back to the start page to wait for another use...
how do humans lose 100 hairs per day and still maintain a full head of long locks?	Because if I have 100,000 hairs and lose 100 every day it would take 1000 days for me to run out IF I wasn't making more. For hair this is about 3 years which in that time My hair would have grown an additional ~18 inches or ~6 inches per year or half an inch per month. At that rate, you would have to be losing more t...	[ "In most people, scalp hair growth will halt due to follicle devitalization after reaching a length of generally two or three feet. Exceptions to this rule can be observed in individuals with hair development abnormalities, which may cause an unusual length of hair growth.\n", "Human hair follicles are very sensi...
How was bidirectional travel handled on the transcontinental railroad?	Many, many rail lines have only one track. Passing sidings are installed at regular intervals, and the train orders specify things like "Train #97 take siding at Danville to await passage of eastbound train #38." Unlike earlier railroads, the transcontinental was accompanied the entire length by extension of telegrap...	[ "In 1861 Congress passed the Land-Grant Telegraph Act which financed the construction of Western Union's transcontinental telegraph lines. Hiram Sibley, Western Union's head, negotiated exclusive agreements with railroads to run telegraph lines along their right-of-way. Eight years before the transcontinental railr...
why did adolf hitler consider native americans as equal to “arians”?	Noble Savage type of thing. He was a member of the Rune Society (sp?). They believed in the restoration of the ancient Germanic way. If memory serves me, he was president of the group at one time. Some of his initial support for becoming Chancellor may have come from this association.	[ "U.S. pro-Nazi movements such as the Friends of the New Germany and the German-American Bund played no role in Hitler's plans for the country, and received no financial or verbal support from Germany after 1935. However, certain Native American advocate groups, such as the fascist-leaning American Indian Federation...
How are gaseous elements harvested and purified?	They aren't harvesting cow burps. They are taking all the livestock dung, putting it in a huge airtight container and letting bacteria digest the organic matter. Methane is a biproduct of the bacterial digestion process. They then collect the methane, compress it, dry it and then burn it. _URL_0_	[ "The metal can also be isolated by electrolysis of fused caesium cyanide (CsCN). Exceptionally pure and gas-free caesium can be produced by thermal decomposition of caesium azide , which can be produced from aqueous caesium sulfate and barium azide. In vacuum applications, caesium dichromate can be reacted with zir...
reddit, can you explain to me the relationship between megapixels, resolution, and screen size?	A screen's resolution tells you how many individual pixels or dots of light are there both horizontally and vertically. So 1920x1080 means there's 1920 pixels horizontally on the screen and 1080 vertically. If that's spread out over a screen that's 42 inches across that just means there's more room to put each individ...	[ "The eye's perception of \"display resolution\" can be affected by a number of factors see image resolution and optical resolution. One factor is the display screen's rectangular shape, which is expressed as the ratio of the physical picture width to the physical picture height. This is known as the aspect ratio. A...
why if co2 is only .038% of atmospheric gases, does it have so much impact on global warming?	The most abundant gases - O2, N2, argon - don't absorb heat. CO2 and H2O do absorb heat so when you increase them, you are directly increasing the greenhouse gas effect because you are increasing the most abundant heat absorbing molecule (with H2O). That's very crude, but it's ELI5. Also as an aside, it's somewhat...	[ "In the 1998 paper, \"CO2-induced global warming: a skeptic's view of potential climate change\" Idso said: \"Several of these cooling forces have individually been estimated to be of equivalent magnitude, but of opposite sign, to the typically predicted greenhouse effect of a doubling of the air’s CO2 content, whi...
How muh gear would a WWII British Commando carry into the field? Also: beret or helmet?	Not sure about the packs, but the steel helmet protects against shrapnel, not direct hits from bullets. Since the commandos were involved in small raids and unconventional warfare, it's not unreasonable that they would have preferred to save on weight when shrapnel would have been unlikely. See this youtube video for ...	[ "The Mk III Helmet was a steel military combat helmet first developed for the British Army in 1941 by the Medical Research Council. First worn in combat by British and Canadian troops on D-Day, the Mk III and Mk IV were used alongside the Brodie helmet for the remainder of the Second World War. It is sometimes refe...
how do locksmiths verify that you own a key before making a copy of it?	They don't know you aren't a thief. However some locks and some keys are protected from this with security measures. Locksmiths aren't worried about copying a house key. But if you try to get a key for a high security lock copied, it's not going to happen. These keys will often have writing on them for "do not copy" an...	[ "The State of California prohibits locksmiths from copying keys marked \"Do Not Duplicate\" or \"Unlawful to Duplicate\", provided the key originator's company name and telephone number are included on the key.\n", "In master locksmithing, key relevance is the measurable difference between an original key and a c...
If a woman's on birth control that stops her menstruating once a month, will she remain fertile for longer?	That makes sense biologically (and is why nulliparity is thought to contribute to earlier menopause). However, this is not always supported by epidemiological studies. [This study](_URL_0_) found that history of oral contraceptive use significantly increased the risk for early menopause (defined here as prior t...	[ "Menstrual regulation allows a woman to terminate within 10 weeks of her last period, but unsafe methods to terminate pregnancy are widespread. In response, a hotline was created for women to get information about fertility control, including menstrual regulation.\n", "Return of menstruation following childbirth ...
Are there any biographies available about Native North Americans who lived before 1492?	Because of the strong oral traditions in many Nations, it is difficult to find records of individuals, and the ones who do get recorded are those who have done something great, and they get wrapped into lessons and tales that it becomes hard to tell if the person existed at all. Were you looking for a story of the li...	[ "The History of the Indian Tribes of North America is a three-volume collection of Native American biographies and accompanying lithograph portraits originally published in the United States from 1836 to 1844 by Thomas McKenney and James Hall. The majority of the portraits were first painted in oil by Charles Bird ...
if the metric system is designed to make for easy calculations and conversions, why wasn't the 60 minute hour changed to a base 10 unit?	time is always expressed in seconds in the metric system. or multiples, like milliseconds, kiloseconds, etc. "Other units of time, the minute, hour, and day, are accepted for use with the modern metric system, but are not part of it." _URL_0_	[ "When the metric system was first introduced in 1795, all metric units could be defined by reference to the standard metre or to the standard kilogram. In 1832 Carl Friedrich Gauss, when making the first absolute measurements of the Earth's magnetic field, needed standard units of time alongside the units of length...
how exactly is there a connection with binaural beats and lucid dreaming -	At least in my experience, first of all not all binaural beats do anything and secondly, they do not really get you to dream lucidly, they rather get you to dream more vividly, which makes it easier for you to write a dream diary (important step for lucid dreaming) and makes entering the lucid status more easily. But i...	[ "Hobson asserts that the existence of lucid dreaming means that the human brain can simultaneously occupy two states: waking and dreaming. The dreaming portion has experiences and therefore has primary consciousness, while the waking self recognizes the dreaming and can be seen as having a sort of secondary conscio...
Why do different viruses (HPV/Warts, Herpes) discriminate between different areas of the body?	That is called as tropism, specifically tissue or cell tropism. Usually, there is a specific receptor on certain tissue to which the virus attaches (virus attachment protein). A typical example is the human immunodeficiency virus and its affinity to the T lymphocyte cells. Herpes simplex 1 exhibits tropism towards ep...	[ "In addition, the same viruses were prevalent in multiple body habitats within individuals. For instance, the beta- and gamma-papillomaviruses were the viruses most commonly found in the skin and the nose (anterior nares; see Figure 4A,B), which may reflect proximity and similarities in microenvironments that suppo...
What spoken language carries the most information per sound or time of speech?	[Here's](_URL_0_) a paper on information density vs speed of speech, done by the University of Lyon. I am not sure how accurate their methods are, but they seem to believe that some languages convey more information per syllable and for 5 out of 7 languages, that ones with lower information density are spoken faster. N...	[ "Part of the phonological study of a language therefore involves looking at data (phonetic transcriptions of the speech of native speakers) and trying to deduce what the underlying phonemes are and what the sound inventory of the language is. The presence or absence of minimal pairs, as mentioned above, is a freque...
bohr's theory of the hydrogen atom	Basically, the atom was understood like a solar system. Electrons orbiting the nucleus. Bohr suggested that the electrons could only be in very specific orbits and light was emitted when it went from a high to a lower orbit and light was absorbed when it went from a lower to a higher.	[ "Schrödinger was able to calculate the energy levels of hydrogen by treating a hydrogen atom's [[electron]] as a classical wave, moving in a well of electrical potential created by the proton. This calculation accurately reproduced the energy levels of the Bohr model.\n", "The solutions to the Schrödinger equatio...
Did Moses exist and was there an exodus of people from Egypt corresponding to the story?	I strongly recommend (edit: [this video lecture](_URL_1_) is better than the one I initially recommended) [this video series](_URL_10_) for a synopsis of what's currently known and believed about the exodus and the hebrews. As for further reading, try /r/AcademicBiblical: * [The Exodus (please help!)](_URL_13_) * [...	[ "Modern archaeologists believe that the Israelites were indigenous to Canaan and were never in ancient Egypt, and if there is any historical basis to the Exodus it can apply only to a small segment of the population of Israelites at large. Nevertheless, there is also a general understanding that something must lie ...
How did chemists explain reactions before the discovery of the atom?	To put it bluntly, they didn’t. The first attempts at explaining the states and reactions of matter led to the postulates that theorized the existence of the atom, so they were mutually dependent. Reactions such as fire and the creation of alloys were found empirically, but never studied like they are now. There were...	[ "At the turn of the twentieth century the theoretical underpinnings of chemistry were finally understood due to a series of remarkable discoveries that succeeded in probing and discovering the very nature of the internal structure of atoms. In 1897, J.J. Thomson of Cambridge University discovered the electron and s...
How do they determine the longitude on another planet?	For a rocky planet like Venus, the prime meridian is chosen to cross through some arbitrarily chosen reference surface feature, like a crater. The direction of increasing longitude is then measured in a direction opposite to the rotation of the planet about its axis. So, for instance, if you look down at Venus's north ...	[ "Similar to latitude, the longitude of a place on Earth is the angular distance east or west of the prime meridian or Greenwich meridian. Longitude is usually expressed in degrees (marked with °) ranging from 0° at the Greenwich meridian to 180° east and west. Sydney, for example, has a longitude of about 151° east...
why is the tea party republican? why aren't they their own party?	You and a bunch of your friends decide to vote on what to do this afternoon. You want to play baseball. Jimmy wants to play baseball. Mike wants to play soccer. Tommy wants to play soccer. Jenny wants to play dolls. Mary wants to play dolls. Anne wants to play dolls. 3 people want to play dolls. 2 people want ...	[ "The Tea Party is generally associated with the Republican Party. Most politicians with the \"Tea Party brand\" have run as Republicans. In recent elections in the 2010s, Republican primaries have been the site of competitions between the more conservative, Tea Party wing of the party and the more moderate, establi...
Did the Japanese ever repulse an island invasion by the US during WWII?	No. After the initial Japanese victories in the Pacific War, the United States won every major campaign and battle it entered. Even those cases where the Japanese scored tactical victories were strategic losses. Japan lacked the steel to make good its naval losses, and its cadres of experienced pilots were consumed in ...	[ "Japanese forces occupied the island in December 1941, days after the attack on Pearl Harbor, in order to protect their south-eastern flank from allied counterattacks, and isolate Australia, under the codename Operation FS. On 17–18 August 1942, in order to divert Japanese attention from the Solomon Islands and New...
Bacteria can only live at certain temperatures, so when I eat cooked meat, am I eating a lot of dead bacteria? If not where do they go?	Yes you are. Or at least the chemical composition or chemical products of cooking that made them up. Cooking kills bacteria by raising their internal temperature to the point where they die. Depending on the process and the temperature, the cell walls of the bacteria can rupture, they can carbonize and effectively ...	[ "Bacteria are typically killed at temperatures of around . Most harmful bacteria live on the surface of pieces of meat which have not been ground or shredded before cooking. As a result, for unprocessed steaks or chops of red meat it is usually safe merely to bring the surface temperature of the meat to this temper...
why is it that lead in paint is harmful, but the 40% lead in solder material isn't?	Lead in solder is harmful. There just aren't many alternatives. Lead free solder does exist, but it has a tendency to "whisker" which can create shorts that damage parts.	[ "Lead paint contains lead as pigment. Lead is also added to paint to speed drying, increase durability, retain a fresh appearance, and resist moisture that causes corrosion. Paint with significant lead content is still used in industry and by the military. For example, leaded paint is sometimes used to paint roadwa...
what is the "cursive writing" thing i keep reading and what is the big deal about it?	Yes, that's cursive, in contrast to "print". [Here are some examples](_URL_0_) In the USA, kids usually learn cursive around ages 7-10, and print before that.	[ "Cursive is a style of penmanship in which the symbols of the language are written in a conjoined and/or \"flowing\" manner, generally for the purpose of making writing faster. This writing style is distinct from \"printscript\" using block letters, in which the letters of a word are unconnected and in Roman/Gothic...
What were the geographical boundaries of the "Old West?" Would we see "cowboy culture" in Canada? Mexico? The Caribbean?	I can speak for Canada a bit, having grown up in a cattle town. We have plenty of cowboy culture, especially in my home province of Alberta. For most of the our province's history, our main industries were agriculture and ranching, and even today, they are second only to oil and gas. Although a lot of the cowboy cult...	[ "As settlers from the United States moved west, they brought cattle breeds developed on the east coast and in Europe along with them, and adapted their management to the drier lands of the west by borrowing key elements of the Spanish vaquero culture.\n", "Cultures combine and collaborate in the Pacific Southwest...
How did the Native American tribes in the western portion of the U.S. get firearms, and when did these tribes first come into contact with firearms?	With the exception of the unwieldy, unreliable early firearms that might have been brought to the Plains by the Coronado entrada's [search for Quivira in 1540-1542](_URL_0_), the Plains nations would have started to regularly see firearms in the mid-seventeenth century. While horses flowed up from Mexico, or through ...	[ "The earliest known historical Native American occupants, the Tonkawa, were a flint-working, hunting people who followed the buffalo on foot and periodically set fire to the prairie to aid them in their hunts. During the 18th century, they made the transition to a horse culture and used firearms to a limited extent...
why can we use controllers with pcs but not keyboard and mouse with consoles?	Consoles can use a mouse and keyboard. Almost any USB mouse/kb will plug in and function with modern consoles. You can type messages, browse the web, etc. Some games do support kb/m on console: Counterstrike and War Thunder for example. Many games don't just because it takes extra effort to program for, and the kb/m ...	[ "Virtually all personal computers use a keyboard and mouse for user input. Other common gaming peripherals are a headset for faster communication in online games, joysticks for flight simulators, steering wheels for driving games and gamepads for console-style games.\n", "Unlike the PlayStation, which requires th...
Why does there seem to be such a lack of emphasis on the Pacific Theater of WWII in American pop culture and History?	I would wager it has partially to do with the different racial components of the two theaters, and the subsequent disparity in the "goodness" of the war in each. The fight against the Nazis has been continuously held up since the 1940s as the epitome of a "good war." American soldiers fought and died to liberate Weste...	[ "Part of the reason why \"South Pacific\" is considered a classic is its confrontation of racism. According to professor Philip Beidler, \"Rodgers and Hammerstein's attempt to use the Broadway theater to make a courageous statement against racial bigotry in general and institutional racism in the postwar United Sta...
Can someone with a weakened immune system receive a vaccine?	It depends on the vaccine and illness. Live vaccinations tend not to be given to persons with compromised immune systems (e.g. yellow fever vaccination), whereas some inactivated viral vaccinations may be given to those with weakened immune systems (depending on their clinical condition). For example, it might be pref...	[ "Some people cannot be fully protected from vaccine-preventable diseases by direct vaccination. These are often people with weak immune systems, who are more likely to get seriously ill. Their risk of infection can be significantly reduced if those who are most likely to infect them get the appropriate vaccines.\n"...
Could we in theory create Saturn style rings around the Earth, for shits and giggles.	Some people theorize that the Earth may have had a ring or two in it's past, and that they caused massive climate changes. Because of the Earth's significant tilt, a ring would cause winters to be far colder due to the increased shade. It is also thought that the Earth could not hold on to a ring for more than a millio...	[ "Rings of Saturn is an American deathcore band from the Bay Area, California. The band was formed in 2009 and was originally just a studio project. However, after gaining a wide popularity and signing to Unique Leader Records, the band formed a full line-up and became a full-time touring band. Rings of Saturn's mus...
In the American Civil War, was the Union victory at Vicksburg of equal, lesser, or greater significance than Antietam and/or Gettysburg were to ending the war?	This is a good question and difficult to asses still nowadays. First Antietam, I believe it was never considered a big victory like Vicksburg or Gettysburg. It was still considered a victory, and good enough for Lincoln to issue his Emancipation declaration, but for the public in general it was obscured by the fact it ...	[ "The Confederate and Union armies met at the Battle of Gettysburg on July 1. The battle, fought over three days, resulted in the highest number of casualties in the war. Along with the Union victory in the Siege of Vicksburg, the Battle of Gettysburg is often referred to as a turning point in the war. Though the ba...
please explain utilitarianism to me like i'm 5.	There's this Cookie Monster, and he's obsessed with getting cookies. Whatever gets him the most cookies is what makes him the happiest. So if by taking a cookie from someone, the Cookie Monster can get two cookies, even though the person you took the cookie from is losing a cookie, there's still a net gain of one cooki...	[ "Utilitarianism (from the Latin utilis, useful) is a theory of ethics that prescribes the quantitative maximization of good consequences for a population. It is a form of consequentialism. This good to be maximized is usually happiness, pleasure, or preference satisfaction. Though some utilitarian theories might se...
what do ionizers in airpurifiers do?	It introduces a mild charge to the small particles in the air, which makes them stick to things in the room rather than float around forever. But on a practical level with consumer devices...i cant actually tell when they're on or off so i don't think they do much. I leave mine off for the most part. I wouldn't facto...	[ "Air ionisers are often used in places where work is done involving static-electricity-sensitive electronic components, to eliminate the build-up of static charges on non-conductors. As those elements are very sensitive to electricity, they cannot be grounded because the discharge will destroy them as well. Usually...
how exactly are compounds named?	-ide is the suffix of any negatively charged anion, eg. the anion of chlorine (Cl) is called chloride (Cl^(-)) --- -ate and -ite are the suffixes of some polyatomic ions. That's a really messy topic to get in to and some of the naming isn't always logical. Nitrate is NO_3_^(-), nitrite is NO_2_^- Chlor*...	[ "The chemical names are the scientific names, based on the molecular structure of the drug. There are various systems of chemical nomenclature and thus various chemical names for any one substance. The most important is the IUPAC name. Chemical names are typically very long and too complex to be commonly used in re...
I've read a little bit about the affects of THC on Cancer. Is any of this research substantial or is it just not known enough?	The research done in this paper was done to cell lines so it was not quite in vivo. > One possible drawback could be that use of select CB2 agonists to kill tumor cells may also cause immunosuppression. Thus, further studies are necessary to address the relative sensitivity of normal and transformed immune cells to...	[ "While the mutagenic and genotoxic effects of TCDD are sometimes disputed and sometimes confirmed it does foster the development of cancer. Its main action in causing cancer is cancer promotion; it promotes the carcinogenicity initiated by other compounds. Very high doses may, in addition, cause cancer indirectly; ...
why can dishwashers both wash and dry dishes, but clothes washers cannot wash and dry clothes?	Because clothes can't be tried as easily by just making them super hot like a dishwasher does. Since dishes don't absorb water, and they also don't burn. Dual machines for clothes can and do exist, but they're more expensive, and more prone to failure. Since the two jobs are really quite different (and plenty of clo...	[ "Dishwashing or dish washing, also known as washing up, is the process of cleaning cooking utensils, dishes, cutlery and other items to prevent foodborne illness. This is either achieved by hand in a sink using dishwashing detergent or by using a dishwasher and may take place in a kitchen, utility room, scullery or...
Are there waves of air on top of our atmosphere like waves of water on the surface of the ocean?	Well, sort of. There's no real top to our atmosphere the way there is a surface of the ocean - it just sort of gradually thins out. With that said, though, both experience the same kind of [gravity waves](_URL_0_). Note these are not at all the same as gravitational waves you'd see around a black hole - similar nam...	[ "Most people think of waves as a surface phenomenon, which acts between water (as in lakes or oceans) and the air. Where low density water overlies high density water in the ocean, internal waves propagate along the boundary. They are especially common over the continental shelf regions of the world oceans and wher...
If computers/electronics short circuit due to water damage, and if pure water does not carry current, could an electronic technically run under pure water?	Yes it's technically possible, but the hazard that water poses extends beyond simply shorting circuits. Water can be corrosive to a lot of the different metals and chemical on a circuit board and it can especially react when exposed to metal containing flowing current. However, a circuit would most certainly be able to...	[ "Water has been shown not to be a very reliable substance to store electric charge long term, so more reliable materials are used for capacitors in industrial applications. However water has the advantage of being self healing after a breakdown, and if the water is steadily circulated through a de-ionizing resin an...
Why do wireless electronics only use 2.4 and 5ghz bands?	The relevant regulation can be found [in this Wikipedia page for ISM Band](_URL_0_). Your short range consumer electronics are designed to operate in the ISM band because it does not require a license. The Wikipedia page for [frequency allocation](_URL_1_) will also give you an idea of what the other bands are used fo...	[ "Because DECT specifications are different between countries, developers who use the same product across different countries have launched wireless headsets which use 2.4GHz RF as opposed to the 1.89 or 1.9 GHz in DECT. Almost all countries in the world have the 2.4 GHz band open for wireless communications, so hea...
When was the last time a president was elected who was "filled in" during local ballots?	Just to clarify, as I think I understand what you're asking about, but I want to be sure, you're talking about a 'straight ticket' ballot [such as this one](_URL_0_)?	[ "The 1852 United States presidential election in Arkansas took place on November 2, 1852, as part of the 1852 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.\n", "The 1856 United States presidential election ...
does the music you listen to in your childhood affect your future personality?	I truly think it has a great affect. I grew up listening to a lot of 60s and 70s rock, I still listen to it and it's shaped a lot of who I am and how I see the world. I love the lyrics, sound, expressionism and aesthetic. And I don't think I couldve gotten through the dark periods of my life without the wisdom those so...	[ "Enculturation affects music memory in early childhood before a child's cognitive schemata for music is fully formed, perhaps beginning at as early as one year of age. Like adults, children are also better able to remember novel music from their native culture than from unfamiliar ones, although they are less capab...
Did the people actually believe that World War I would be over by Christmas when it started or is that a common myth originated after the war?	Not my area of particular expertise, but the answer to this is, perhaps annoyingly: "yes and no." To my reading the "no" camp-- that is, those who thought that a great power conflict in Europe would be a long, protracted conflict-- was relatively small but included some incredibly influential people involved in war st...	[ "Traditional narratives of the war suggested that when the war began, both sides believed that the war would end quickly. Rhetorically speaking there was an expectation that the war would be \"over by Christmas\" 1914. This is important for the origins of the conflict since it suggests that since it was expected th...
why is it impossible to fold a piece of paper in half more than eight times?	For a regular A4 at eight folds its 256 layers thick and since the paper is so small at that point the amount of space needed to make a fold in each of the 256 layers there isn't enough room. However if you just get a bigger paper then you can, even though you are folding it by half each time. _URL_0_	[ "The maximum number of times an incompressible material can be folded has been derived. With each fold a certain amount of paper is lost to potential folding. The loss function for folding paper in half in a single direction was given to be formula_4, where \"L\" is the minimum length of the paper (or other materia...
if lockpicking guides and tools are available widely, why are so few houses lockpicked into?	Its far easier and more efficient to break a window or kick in a door.	[ "Posession of lockpicking tools, such as a bump key, are highly regulated by criminal law in four states in the United States, and are considered prima facie evidence of a crime in another four states in the United States. They are generally legal in the remaining states within the U.S.\n", "In some countries, su...
Does light accelerate to the speed of light, or is it instantly the speed of light as soon as it is released from an electron?	They don't start off at zero, and there's no acceleration. They start off at c and always travel at c. This is because, due to special relativity, any massless particle can only ever move at c, any other speed isn't allowed physically. Source: [adamsolomon](_URL_0_)	[ "According to Einstein's theory of special relativity, as an electron's speed approaches the speed of light, from an observer's point of view its relativistic mass increases, thereby making it more and more difficult to accelerate it from within the observer's frame of reference. The speed of an electron can approa...
when i'm hungover why do i always crave greasy foods like pizza rather than foods that are better for me?	Your body is depleted of various electrolytes and calories since alcohol zaps your blood sugar levels, and dehydrates you, fatty salty food is an efficient albeit unhealthy way to replenish those stores.	[ "Everyone relieves his weary limbs by partaking of dinner, but not to excess - for being filled to excess, even with bread on its own, gives rise to dissipation - rather, everyone receives a meal according to the varying condition of their bodies or their age. They do not serve dishes of different flavours, nor ric...
why does this camera distortion happen?	That is buffeting. Something is shaking the back of a digital video camera. You're seeing the effect of that vibration beat frequency interacting with the camera's 50-60Hz frame rate.	[ "BULLET::::- Distortion is an aberration that causes straight lines to curve. It can be troublesome for architectural photography and metrology (photographic applications involving measurement). Distortion tends to be noticeable in low cost cameras, including cell phones, and low cost DSLR lenses. It is usually ver...
what do car fog lights actually do?	Fog lights produce a short but wide beam spread which illuminates the road close to the front of the vehicle. The driver can then see the edges of the road and slightly ahead without the blinding glare primary headlights would create during a heavy fog. My guess is only those who have been in a very thick fog or sno...	[ "The respective purposes of front fog lamps and driving lamps are often confused, due in part to the misconception that fog lamps are necessarily selective yellow, while any auxiliary lamp that makes white light is a driving lamp. Automakers and aftermarket parts and accessories suppliers frequently refer interchan...
is it true that consuming your own species' flesh can cause madness?	I think you’re thinking of Kuru. Here’s the definition: Kuru is a very rare disease. It is caused by an infectious protein (prion) found in contaminated human brain tissue. Kuru is found among people from New Guinea who practiced a form of cannibalism in which they ate the brains of dead people as part of a funeral ri...	[ "Although the dynamic of violent fantasy in lust murders is understood, an individual's violence fantasy alone is not enough to determine if an individual has or has not engaged in lust murder. Moreover, to conclude that an individual is a violent psychopath because they have drawn multitudes of violent images is o...
does a person who has unprotected sex for 15 seconds have the same exposure to sti's that a person who has unprotected sex for 15 minutes?	No, person B has much more exposure to the STI. However, depending on the STI and whether the other person is actively showing symptoms, 15 seconds and 15 minutes might not make much of a difference in terms of whether or not the person gets infected.	[ "Lloyd Kolbe, director of the Center for Disease Control's Adolescent and School Health program, called the STI problem \"a serious epidemic.\" The younger an adolescent is when they first have any type of sexual relations, including oral sex, the more likely they are to get an STI.\n", "Recent analysis suggests ...
nyquist theorem perfect signal reproduction	The key element you are missing is the Nyquist limit. For perfect reconstruction the signal must have all frequencies at less than half the sampling rate. This limiting of the frequencies guarantees that only one continuous wave could have produced those samples. In the case you mentioned of sampling a sine wave at the...	[ "A Nyquist plot is a parametric plot of a frequency response used in automatic control and signal processing. The most common use of Nyquist plots is for assessing the stability of a system with feedback. In Cartesian coordinates, the real part of the transfer function is plotted on the X axis. The imaginary part i...

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