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Steven Hawking's, in In To The Universe, just claimed that 10 minutes after the big bang the cosmos was already thousands of light-years in diameter; how can this be possible?	Expansion isn't measured in speed. The distances between two galaxies may increase due to expansion at such a rate that from Galaxy A's perspective, Galaxy B recedes at a "velocity" greater than the speed of light, but the key here is that it's not a real velocity. Nothing is actually moving. It's just the distance bet...	[ "In 2010, Penrose reported possible evidence, based on concentric circles found in WMAP data of the CMB sky, of an earlier universe existing before the Big Bang of our own present universe. He mentions this evidence in the epilogue of his 2010 book \"Cycles of Time\", a book in which he presents his reasons, to do ...
why are ahmadiyya muslims, who appear in the news when they are either helping a community or being murdered, hated by the muslim community?	Because Ahmadiyya represents a threat to the status quo and to the powers of the mullahs and politicians who use their false interpretations of islam for personal gain. Ahmadis are utterly peaceful and are only shown violence and oppression by the rest of the muslim world. Right away any rational person can see who wou...	[ "Both Muslims and Jews have been targets for assault, discriminatory treatment, hate speech, and vandalism. Muslim organization leaders have asserted that many members of their community do not bother reporting anti-Muslim incidents because they do not believe that the police would address them seriously.\n", "In...
when did blue became the standard color for ball pens?	It really isn't the standard, but there's many reasons why it could be preferred by companies that manufacture pens. Here are some explanations. For one, blue ink is distinguishable. If you're printing out a paper in greyscale, blue ink will stick out on the paper. This is especially important for official documentati...	[ "The use of blue as the second kit color dates from the 1930s, but it became the permanent second choice accidentally in the 1958 World Cup Final. Brazil's opponents were Sweden, who also wear yellow, and a draw gave the home team, Sweden, the right to play in yellow. Brazil, who travelled with no second kit, hurri...
how do we know anything about the unobservable universe?	Strictly speaking we know NOTHING about the unobservable universe but we have no reason to think it's any different from what is observable. Also an interesting fact about the rapid expansion of the universe billions of years means that the part of the universe that is observable is constantly increasing (and will con...	[ "The observable universe is one \"causal patch\" of a much larger unobservable universe; other parts of the Universe cannot communicate with Earth yet. These parts of the Universe are outside our current cosmological horizon. In the standard hot big bang model, without inflation, the cosmological horizon moves out,...
how do ventilators help people breathe and are they complicated to manufacture?	They work by forcing air in and out of the lungs. Ventilation can be made using a machine or manually using a bag-valve-mask (BVM) device. The main idea is to keep a good flow of air in and out and to ensure that a sufficient amount of the lungs is actually in use to allow the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide be...	[ "A medical ventilator (or simply ventilator in context) is a machine designed to provide mechanical ventilation by moving breathable air into and out of the lungs, to deliver breaths to a patient who is physically unable to breathe, or breathing insufficiently.\n", "Ventilators come in many different styles and m...
If heat and sound are both vibrations of molecules, what's the thing separating them?	There isn't really a clear dividing line, but heat energy is more random and represents energy that has spread out among all possible vibration modes, while a traveling sound wave will be more organized and concentrated in specific vibration modes. As sound dissipates into heat the energy spreads out into other modes o...	[ "Since sound waves are produced by a vibrating body, the vibrating object moves in one direction and compresses the air directly in front of it. As the vibrating object moves in the opposite direction, the pressure on the air is lessened so that an expansion, or rarefaction, of air molecules occurs. One compression...
Historically, have we ever hit a "peak oil" like situation with other commodities? What should we expect?	The belief in peak 'x' has been very common in history. However what actually occurs isn't 'peak x', it's that innovation drives the search for substitutes and/or making the original issue irrelevant. For instance, here's an extremely well written essay from Victorian times about their concept of peak coal: [The C...	[ "In 2014, oil prices collapsed because of over-supply. In 2018, energy analyst Michael Lynch observed, “A decade ago the media was filled with stories about peak oil…even The Simpsons mentioned it in an episode…Now, the topic is largely forgotten.”\n", "Major oil companies hit peak production in 2005. Several sou...
common themes in latin american colonialism	The comparison between the late 20th century and the early 16th century is quite difficult to make. For earlier periods, there are individual cases (such as William Walker in Nicaragua in the 1850s) where so-called "filibusters" behaved almost exactly like conquistadors. They came from abroad with a small but well equi...	[ "Latin America experienced independence revolutions in the early 19th century that separated the colonies from Spain and Portugal, creating new nations. These movements were generally led by the ethnically Spanish but locally born Creole class; these were often wealthy citizens that held high positions of power but...
why do dogs have random patches of differently colored fur?	The hair color is determine by two different genes and when the genes are differenr both of the genes get expressed fully (e.g. black and white spots vs gray)	[ "During evolution of the dog from their wild wolf ancestors, coat colors in dogs were probably the inadvertent outcome of some other selective process (i.e., selection for tameness), and were not likely initially selected for intentionally by humans. Research has found that tameness brings associated physical chang...
Did the U.S. have any election irregularities in its early days?	The Broad Seal War comes to mind. In the election of 1838, there was a difficulty with the election results from New Jersey. At the time, elections for New Jersey congressional representatives were determined by vote taken from the entire state. NJ had no congressional districts and no electors. The election results th...	[ "In the 1876 election, disputes regarding 20 electoral votes in four states, along with multiple allegations of vote fraud, sparked an intense political battle and effectively invalidated the election. This constitutional crisis was resolved only two days before the scheduled inauguration through the Compromise of ...
the period between donating blood	Based on averages and to be safe. The cost, time and effort to take exactly the maximum safe amount of blood at the soonest possible time would be inefficient.	[ "The campaign has clarified that donating blood is a permitted and, in fact, a recommended act in Islam. Some eminent religious scholars have issued information regarding the donating of blood and shown support for the campaign.\n", "A blood donation occurs when a person voluntarily has blood drawn and used for t...
why doesnt black absorb all light?	Black obsorbs all colours equally, but not 100% of everything. "blacker" black obsorbs more. Also a surface can have texture that changes how it reflect light, compare a shiny black glass vs a slightly rippled textured black keyboard vs really matte black paint.	[ "Absorption of light is contrasted by transmission, reflection and diffusion, where the light is only redirected, causing objects to appear transparent, reflective or white respectively. A material is said to be black if most incoming light is absorbed equally in the material. Light (electromagnetic radiation in th...
how does a turtle’s shell grow while the turtle grows? what is it made of?	The shell is made up of panel-like things called scutes. With most types of turtles, these scutes shed periodically to allow bigger scutes to form. They are made out of keratin - same as human hair & nails. Source: I’m a turtle fan.	[ "The turtle shell is a highly complicated shield for the ventral and dorsal parts of turtles, tortoises and terrapins (all classified as \"turtles\" by zoologists), completely enclosing all the vital organs of the turtle and in some cases even the head. It is constructed of modified bony elements such as the ribs, ...
Can there be incomplete annihilation?	Protons and neutrons contain more than just 3 quarks. There are gluons holding them together, gluons interacting with other gluons, and gluons can spontaneously form temporary quark-antiquark pairs (called "sea quarks"). The 3 permanent quarks are called valence quarks. They give the particle its properties. This is ...	[ "In particle physics, annihilation is the process that occurs when a subatomic particle collides with its respective antiparticle to produce other particles, such as an electron colliding with a positron to produce two photons. The total energy and momentum of the initial pair are conserved in the process and distr...
the difference between adverbs and adverbials.	An adverb is a word, an adverbial is a group of words, phrase or clause which acts as an adverb.	[ "In English, adverbials most commonly take the form of adverbs, adverb phrases, temporal noun phrases or prepositional phrases. Many types of adverbials (for instance: reason and condition) are often expressed by clauses.\n", "In grammar, an adverbial (abbreviated ) is a word (an adverb) or a group of words (an a...
difference between marxism and cultural marxism?	Marxism - The ELI5 version is that economics dominates and explains human society. Specifically, by looking at how capital is distributed you can explain and predict how society will be organized. It also predicts, based on history and a particular view on how technology will develop, that one day the world will ...	[ "Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that frames capitalism through a paradigm of exploitation, analyzes class relations and social conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and takes a dialectical view of social transformation. While it originates from the works of 19th centur...
why do cities and towns "stagger" stoplights so that no matter your timing you'll always be caught at a light?	Background: Served on Transportation and Infrastructure Committee for a major Canadian city. Involved in design/implementation of roadworks, including intelligent stoplight systems. Some background on stoplights: There are multiple kinds of stoplights, the most basic just running on a simple timer-based system. Ever...	[ "A modest steady light at the intersection of two roads is an aid to navigation because it helps a driver see the location of a side road as they come closer to it and they can adjust their braking and know exactly where to turn if they intend to leave the main road or see vehicles or pedestrians. A beacon light's ...
how does “night mode” work for iphone pictures?	It keeps the shutter open a little longer to allow more light in. It mixes that with some digital brightening that makes some noise, so depending on the situation, it takes 2 or a few photos and combines them and it puts those photos on top of each other and the artificial intelligence does its thing to best reduce noi...	[ "The iPhone 3GS's camera app features a slider which allows users to switch between capturing photos and recording videos, a tap-to-focus feature which allows users to tap on an area of the camera image to auto-focus on, 5x digital zoom (iOS 4 or later), auto focus and auto exposure lock when holding an area down (...
Why are so many organic molecules yellow or orangish?	In my limited experience (Chemistry undergrad, BioPhysics grad school work), the smaller ring structures and smaller conjugated bond paths absorb larger amounts of energy (the blue, purple, green, etc), which means that the energy that passes through the solution is what's left, (the orange, red, yellow, etc). I can't...	[ "Melanophores contain eumelanin, a type of melanin, that appears black or dark-brown because of its light absorbing qualities. It is packaged in vesicles called melanosomes and distributed throughout the cell. Eumelanin is generated from tyrosine in a series of catalysed chemical reactions. It is a complex chemical...
Were stone carvings in ancient, medieval, or renaissance sculptures painted or colored?	Frequently, yes. Ancient sculptures were almost always painted. Here's an article about how traces of this paint can be detected scientifically: _URL_3_ Here's a reconstruction of what classical sculptures might have looked like originally, when painted: _URL_4_ And here's an older article with some history about th...	[ "Ivory carvings, often for book covers, drew on the diptychs of Late Antiquity. For example, the front and back covers of the Lorsch Gospels are of a 6th-century Imperial triumph, adapted to the triumph of Christ and the Virgin. However they also drew on the Insular tradition, especially for decorative detail, whil...
Would it be possible to build a predictive model of chemistry?	Density functional theory (DFT) does this quite well by solving the quantum mechanical calculations for molecules or materials. Often it is predictive, but not perfect in most cases. _URL_0_ has a huge database of material compautations, and works towards predicting performance in batteries, Thermoelectrics, and photo...	[ "Second, semi-empirical models solve rate equations that are calibrated using experimental data. Semi-empirical models reduce computational costs primarily by simplifying the chemistry in soot formation and oxidation. Semi-empirical models reduce the size of chemical mechanisms and use simpler molecules, such as ac...
how are you supposed to know if a self diagnosed mental illness isn't just the placebo effect?	Its easy...a self diagnosed mental illness isnt the placebo effect. It cant be. The Placebo Effectis a beneficial effect, produced by a placebo drug or treatment, that cannot be attributed to the properties of the placebo itself, and must therefore be due to the patient's belief in that treatment. Now you could mea...	[ "The presence of self-disorders may have predictive power for whether those with an at risk mental state will develop psychosis; the risk of suicidal ideation and suicide by people with schizophrenia, though depression would also be an important factor; predicting initial social dysfunction in people with either sc...
how do people die from strangulation but wake up from being choked / knocked out?	Because when you choke someone out in a martial arts setting, or knock them unconscious, you immediately cease the attack and allow them to recover. I promise, if you continued your choke for even a fairly short period of time after they pass out, you are likely going to kill them or severely injure them at the least.	[ "In a \"short drop\", the victim may die from strangulation, in which the death may result from a lack of oxygen to the brain. The victim is likely to experience hypoxia, skin tingling, dizziness, vision narrowing, convulsions, shock, and acute respiratory acidosis. One or both carotid arteries and/or the jugular v...
What is located in the area that would otherwise be a uterus if a man were a woman?	The base of the penis is where the vagina would be, the prostate is roughly where the cervix would be and the bladder is where the body of the uterus would be (the male bladder is larger). The non pregnant uterus is not that big, about the size of a clenched fist.	[ "The uterus (from Latin \"uterus\", plural \"uteri\") or womb is a major female hormone-responsive secondary sex organ of the reproductive system in humans and most other mammals. In the human, the lower end of the uterus, the cervix, opens into the vagina, while the upper end, the fundus, is connected to the fallo...
why do modern ultraportable laptops only have a 32/64gb ssd, when netbooks, which were even smaller, commonly had 120gb hard drives?	Those larger hard drives were mechanical drives which compared to SSD's, are very slow and more prone to damage since it's getting bumped around all the time. SSD's of the same size (or higher) go up significantly in price. It's a mix between improving speed and keeping costs low.	[ "Most laptops can contain a single 2.5-inch drive, but a small number of laptops with a screen wider than 15 inches can house two drives. Some laptops support a hybrid mode, combining a 2.5-inch drive, typically a spacious HDD for data, with an mSATA or M.2 SDD drive, typically having less capacity, but a significa...
since it's illegal for children to purchase cigarettes, why isn't forcing 2nd hand smoke on them also illegal?	It's not illegal for children to buy cigarettes. It's illegal for shops to sell cigarettes to children. In other words, you can't make money off of children consuming tobacco.The difference there kind of defeats the parallel you were drawing.	[ "BULLET::::- Even though all sales of tobacco products are prohibited to minors since 1 September 2007 the sale of smoking accessories such as bongs, hookahs, cigarette papers, lighters, pipes or herb grinders is not regulated, and thus sale is permitted to minors. However, in Bavaria the sale of lighters is prohib...
what makes guitars that expensive?	Guitars are actually among the cheapest, most mass-produced instruments. Beginner flutes start at around $500. Beginner tubas... oh my god please don't let my child get interested in the tuba. Guitars are much more affordable as they are a very popular instrument, and competition is fierce among guitar manufacture...	[ "Their guitars are often perceived as expensive. Some of their well-known models having expensive options, e.g., one review lists the Don Edwards signature model \"Cowboy Singer\" at (approx. as of March 2012). Other models are priced similar to equivalently featured instruments from other makers.\n", "The compan...
g-force - what is it and how does it injure/kill?	G-Force is just a shorthand way of referring to a force using the force of gravity as a reference. & #x200B; So 1G is the same as the force we feel due to gravity. This feels like almost no force at all because we feel it act on us all the time. 2Gs would be twice the normal force of gravity and 3Gs would be 3 tim...	[ "G-force induced loss of consciousness (abbreviated as G-LOC, pronounced 'JEE-lock') is a term generally used in aerospace physiology to describe a loss of consciousness occurring from excessive and sustained g-forces draining blood away from the brain causing cerebral hypoxia. The condition is most likely to affec...
Why does Turner's syndrome have any effects at all?	Even though one X chromosome is transformed into a Barr body, some of its genes are still expressed. They're called the [pseudoautosomal regions](_URL_0_), of which there are two. The article linked contains a section on Turner syndrome and its probable pathology.	[ "Turner syndrome is caused by the absence of one complete or partial copy of the X chromosome in some or all the cells. The abnormal cells may have only one X (monosomy) (45,X) or they may be affected by one of several types of partial monosomy like a deletion of the short p arm of one X chromosome (46,X,del(Xp)) o...
How is this possible!?	In the past there have been people who have been revived after a hour underwater. Some time ago I was watching a lifeguard show, and they claimed that once an hour pasts of a person missing in water it becomes a search and recover, not search and rescue. All I could find on the subject was this [article on a 2 year old...	[ "Create Something from Nothing: A strategy to make an audience believe of something’s existence, when it in fact does not exist. On the flip side, it can be used to convince others that nothing exists, when something does exist. (Ch. 36)\n", "Anything Is Possible is a 2017 novel of related stories by Elizabeth St...
why does the usa still have an embargo against cuba?	The older Cuban-American generation is vehemently anti-communist and, therefore, very pro-Republican. They're adamantly opposed to lifting the embargo. They're a powerful constituency group within the Republican Party, and they happen to be centralized in a major battleground state. TL/DR: Older Cuban-Americans are...	[ "During the 1990s the ongoing United States embargo against Cuba caused problems due to restrictions on the export of medicines from the US to Cuba. In 1992 the US embargo was made more stringent with the passage of the Cuban Democracy Act resulting in all U.S. subsidiary trade, including trade in food and medicine...
if you are short-sighted, is it better for your eyes/eyesight to wear your glasses in front of a computer screen?	Um, wut? I'd have to be 3 inches or less from the screen to read it. This is not a thing for me.	[ "Reading glasses provide a separate set of glasses for focusing on close-by objects. Reading glasses are available without prescription from drugstores, and offer a cheap, practical solution, though these have a pair of simple lenses of equal power, so will not correct refraction problems like astigmatism or refrac...
How do cold blooded animals cope in colder climates? Do they feel such things such as brain freeze? Is there any examples any cold blooded creatures living in the cold?	Cold blooded animals are actually newly classified as endothermic organisms, such that they need to take in external energy in the form of heat in order to survive. Their blood is not cold, as the original classification would suggest. Therefore, in an absence of heat, they can not support metabolic processes and their...	[ "Some animals living in cold environments maintain their body temperature by preventing heat loss. Their fur grows more densely to increase the amount of insulation. Some animals are regionally heterothermic and are able to allow their less insulated extremities to cool to temperatures much lower than their core te...
Did the Norse colonies of Greenland make contact with any Inuit tribes? If so were there any records of interaction? Conflict? Trade?	Yes, the Norse called them Skraelings. The relationship between the Norse and the skraelings appears to have been mostly belligerent until the abandonment of the Greenland colonies.	[ "Although Greenland seems to have been uninhabited at the time of initial Norse settlement, the Thule people migrated south and finally came into contact with the Norse in the 12th century. There are limited sources showing the two cultures interacting; however, scholars know that the Norse referred to the Inuit (a...
why do video games ship with unused files and portions of code?	Back when memory was a hot commodity, yes, it did take away and would've caused issues. Today, it's easy enough to fit a whole game onto a disc (or if you're downloading it, the size only matters insofar as how much space your client has). A lot of game companies work with pretty tight deadlines as it is, and in man...	[ "“ as it is impossible to reproduce the storage of the game code from the RAM of the PlayStation console unless the console is modified with additional, reverse-engineered hardware, it is not possible for the code to be reproduced until that modification occurs. Thus, the definition of “material form” is not satisf...
Why do some animals produce more offspring than other animals?	Animals are grouped according to their reproductive strategy by r/K selection theory. r types tend to produce a lot of offspring, hoping that a few will survive. These animals tend to be smaller, lower on the food chain, or less complex organisms. Insects, fish, and rodents are good exampes of this strategy. By con...	[ "Animals frequently display grouping behavior in herds, swarms, flocks, or colonies, and these multiple births derive similar advantages. A litter offers some protection from predation, not particularly to the individual young but to the parents' investment in breeding. With multiple young, predators could eat seve...
why is pirating more socially accepted than other copyright infringement crimes?	This is just a guess, but I think there's a perception amongst most folks that certain products are way overpriced, and the pirating of them is either an act of defiance or an act of desperation. Back in the day before interney piracy was "mainstream," there were tons of people who still pirated copies of software lik...	[ "Assigning criminal liability to copyright violations is troubling in light of the general justifications of criminal sanction to punish harms to individuals or national policies, or to foster moral behavior that implicates societal interests. In many cases what counts as criminal infringement or “theft” under the ...
why is it that most people can hold their breath for at least one minute, but if you’re ‘choked out’, you can go unconscious from lack of oxygen in roughly 10 seconds?	a headlock restricts blood flow to your brain by blocking your artery. that has a far more immediate effect than holding your breath.	[ "If not enough oxygen is added, the concentration of oxygen in the loop may be too low to support life. In humans, the urge to breathe is normally caused by a build-up of carbon dioxide in the blood, rather than lack of oxygen. Hypoxia can cause blackout with little or no warning, followed by death.\n", "Voluntar...
- why a government would 'peg' a currency to, say, the us dollar, and why a less-valuable currency is better for foreign trade.	Let's say I owed you $100, and instead of cash, I try to pay you back with $100 of McDonald's gift certificates. After all, $100 is $100, right? You probably won't like that. You could only spend that $100 at McDonald's, and if they decided to raise their prices, that $100 wouldn't get you as much as it would at Bur...	[ "Another, less used means of maintaining a fixed exchange rate is by simply making it illegal to trade currency at any other rate. This is difficult to enforce and often leads to a black market in foreign currency. Nonetheless, some countries are highly successful at using this method due to government monopolies o...
regarding ice (frozen water not the drug), why is there a white centre and a clear shell?	As it freezes, air bubbles form and cause the cloudy appearance you're talking about. The bubbles come from gases dissolved in the water in its liquid state which are forced out as the water crystallizes. It's possible to freeze ice in a clear form by boiling it first, which liberates the dissolved gases.	[ "The easiest way to envision this scenario, i.e. the advantage of using these chemistries without a MFC) is to fill two cylindrical glass containers, one with hexanes (a high vapor pressure liquid) and one with dry ice (solid carbon dioxide). As the hexane vaporizes the liquid surface is flat and the total exposed ...
cancer cure that scientists recently claimed to be one year away	The treatment which the biotech company calls MuTaTo (multi-target toxin) is based on SoAP technology, which belongs to the phage display group of technologies. CEO of the biotech company Dr Ilan Morad said they started with identifying why other cancer-related drugs and treatment are not working and then they looked ...	[ "BULLET::::- Scientists achieve a breakthrough in finding a general cure for cancer by attaching malaria proteins to cancer cells, which appears effective on 90% of cancer types. Human trials are expected to begin within four years.\n", "A \"Fact Sheet\" issued by the IDPH accompanying the study released on March...
In calculating standard deviation, why do you square the variances instead of taking the absolute value of the variances?	The distance between the coordinates (a,b) and (c,d) is * sqrt((a-c)^(2)+(b-d)^(2)) This extrapolates to any dimension really well. For example, in n dimensions, the distance between the points (a_1_,a_2_,...,a_n_) and (b_1_,b_2_,...,b_n_) is * sqrt((a_1_-b_1_)^(2) + (a_2_-b_2_)^(2) + ... + (a*_...	[ "Squared deviations from the mean (SDM) are involved in various calculations. In probability theory and statistics, the definition of \"variance\" is either the expected value of the SDM (when considering a theoretical distribution) or its average value (for actual experimental data). Computations for \"analysis of...
how is it possible to get doom to run on so many devices that are not even purpose built as home computers, like the gps console on someone's car for instance?	Doom is an old game. It was designed to run on the very limited hardware of the time. Even a very limited computer by today's standards can be powerful enough to run Doom. Source code for Doom was made public in 1999, which made it possible for people to port the game to other platforms. People try to port it to unusu...	[ "BULLET::::- Can it run Doom? - A common joke question with any hardware that has a CPU. It has even gotten to the point where people are developing source ports of the game to unconventional hardware such as a Canon printer, the Commodore VIC-20, the Smart Bar on the 2016 MacBook Pro, a smart fridge, an ATM, and t...
why are monotremes considered mammals?	Mammals are not defined by live birth though. If they were then several species of snakes, several species of sharks, and a few amphibians would be mammals. Mammals normally have live birth, but what defines them as being mammals is the production of milk to feed their young.	[ "Monotremes (from Greek μονός, \"monos\" (\"single\") and τρῆμα, \"trema\" (\"hole\"), referring to the cloaca) are one of the three main groups of living mammals, along with placentals (Eutheria) and marsupials (Metatheria). The monotremes are typified by structural differences in their brains, jaws, digestive tra...
how people sell movie scripts and who decides if it's a big budget movie?	Most studios will not accept unsolicited scripts because it exposes them to high risk litigation (e.g. accusations that they stole a story). Studios will usually only take material from literary agents with whom they have an established relationship - so if you want to get your scripts made by studios you will have to...	[ "Screenwriters on the other hand were generally paid less than the top actors or directors, usually under $1 million per film. However, the single largest factor driving rising costs was special effects. By 1999 the average cost of a blockbuster film was $60 million before marketing and promotion, which cost anothe...
Why does smoke from incense or cigarettes not (usually) set off smoke alarms?	Fire Alarm / Smoke Detector Manufacturer here. Household smoke detectors (excluding Heat and CO) fall into two catagories, Ionisation and Photoelectric. Ionisation smoke detectors (the detectors with the radioactive symbol on their label) are designed to detect sub-micron particals of combustion (different to thick s...	[ "False alarms are also common with smoke detectors and building fire alarm systems. They occur when smoke detectors are triggered by smoke that is not a result of a dangerous fire. Smoking cigarettes, cooking at high temperatures, burning baked goods, blowing out large numbers of birthday candles, fireplaces and wo...
Why does plaque always come out a yellowish-white color, regardless of the color of food you've eaten?	[Dental plaque](_URL_1_) is a complex structure formed when bacteria grow on the surface of your teeth. In fact, there's a lot of plaque in your mouth that you can't see as well. What we commonly refer to as "plaque" is more formally known as supragingival (above the gumline) plaque to distinguish it from the other maj...	[ "Extrinsic staining, is largely due to environmental factors including smoking, pigments in beverages and foods, antibiotics, and metals such as iron or copper. Coloured compounds from these sources are adsorbed into acquired dental pellicle or directly onto the surface of the tooth causing a stain to appear.\n", ...
For Scandinavians' and Germanics' mythology:	I can't really help with your questions, but I can definitely give you some recommendations: you'll want both the Edda and the Poetic Edda for Norse/Scandinavian mythology as well as historical epics like Beowulf and The Saga of the Volsungs translated by Jesse L. Byock. The prose Edda is on Project Gutenberg, though...	[ "Norse mythology is the body of myths of the North Germanic peoples, stemming from Norse paganism and continuing after the Christianization of Scandinavia, and into the Scandinavian folklore of the modern period. The northernmost extension of Germanic mythology, Norse mythology consists of tales of various deities,...
just saw a video where a snowmobile accelerates really quickly in a drag race setting. a commenter said part of the reason is it's cvt transmission . what is that?	Continuously Variable Transmission. Polaris has been using them for ages: _URL_0_	[ "They are also commonly used in snowmobile and all-terrain vehicle (ATV) continuously variable transmissions (CVT), both to engage/disengage vehicle motion and to vary the transmission's pulley diameter ratio in relation to the engine revolutions per minute.\n", "The Snow Trac is made up largely of \"off the shel...
What did contemporary political maps of Warlord era China look like? Did they just mark the Republic of China, with pre-warlord borders, or did they update it at all? Did this vary depending on where the map was made?	So, I wont be able to answer this question in full, mainly because anyone is gonna have a hard time finding maps of warlord-era China. It's just, as you said, a period of total chaos where China really is a failing state. I tried looking into it quickly online, but to no avail - I couldn't find any contemporary maps. I...	[ "The map's accuracy is superior to that of other maps from the same era. It is assumed that some parts of China were based on \"Hwangyeocheonramdo」\", and parts of Joseon referred to \"「Dongkukjido」\" drawn by Jeong Sanggi (정상기). Japan is described in detail except for Hokkaido, and the western coast line of Taiwan...
why do we still not have bold, italics and underlined keyboard options for typing on mobile devices?	There is no standardized method to send font styles via SMS. Apple, could for example, enable it on all their devices, but then what would happen if the user sends a bold message to an Android phone? Android wont know what to do with the extra information and it will just display it as plain text. Emoji's on the other...	[ "It is commonly used in conjunction with text-messaging services. Some portable telecommunications devices (such as the BlackBerry) have bypassed the need for this by incorporating a mini-keyboard for users to type on. As of 2012, most mobile phones with fewer keys than alphabet letters offer a predictive text inpu...
why does the world need money?	Because without money, trading usually hits a dead end. Like in this example. > "Hey Roof Guy, my roof is broken. Can I trade you two chickens to fix my roof?" > "Sure thing, Chicken Dude." Two weeks later > "Hey Chicken Dude, I'm really hungry. Can I have some more chickens?" > "I don't have anyth...	[ "BULLET::::- To quote monochrom's press statement: \"Money is frozen desire. Thus it governs the world. Money is used for all forms of trade, from daily shopping at the supermarket to trafficking in human beings and drugs. In the course of all these transactions, our money wears out quickly, especially the smaller ...
Does the temperature of the earths core contribute at all to sustaining normal/livable temperatures on the surface. If so, why or why not?	On the surface—well, no. Sunlight + atmosphere + surface composition = weather, and this is what defines temperature, humidity, winds, etc. Contribution from inside of the Earth is just too small to be measurable in the global scale. However, if you dig a mine deep enough, you will actually feel the warmth of Eart...	[ "Temperature within the Earth increases with depth. Highly viscous or partially molten rock at temperatures between are found at the margins of tectonic plates, increasing the geothermal gradient in the vicinity, but only the outer core is postulated to exist in a molten or fluid state, and the temperature at the E...
why does food taste worse when you eat a lot of it at one time?	It is because of your brains reward system. If you eat the same thing over and over again then the pleasure you feel from the taste diminishes making you switch to another food source.	[ "As taste senses both harmful and beneficial things, all basic tastes are classified as either aversive or appetitive, depending upon the effect the things they sense have on our bodies. Sweetness helps to identify energy-rich foods, while bitterness serves as a warning sign of poisons.\n", "As taste senses both ...
How do we know Proxima Centauri is the closest star?	For very close stars, we can examine their paralax due to the Earth's orbit as seen [here](_URL_0_). We measure where on the sky a star is and then measure where it is again 6 months later. Because the Earth is now on the opposite side of the Sun, the star will appear to have moved. We can use the angle it moved by to...	[ "to the Union Observatory, which Innes used in the discovery of Proxima Centauri. In 1915, he found a faint star fairly close to and sharing the same large proper motion with Alpha Centauri, which until then was believed to be the closest star system to the Sun. Innes believed, on rather slim evidence, that it was ...
How acceptable was it to support the IRA in America around 1981?	Thanks to the strong tradition of free speech in the US, of course one could express any number of opinions. But I get the sense you are asking what the range of expressed opinions was. With regard to the hunger strike itself, there was support for the hunger strikers at a relatively high level of US politics. The ...	[ "The IRA was the most significant initiative of John Collier, who was President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Commissioner of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) from 1933 to 1945. He had long studied Indian issues and worked for change since the 1920s, particularly with the American Indian Defense Association. He intende...
why do we continue drinking alcohol, when it continually causes problems for everyone?	Prohibition caused even more problems so they had to give the booze back. Meanwhile, special interests have been pressuring the government to control alternative intoxicants to protect their various interests for about a century which has led to so many other prohibitions. A lot of these other substances have smaller...	[ "Alcoholism is a chronic problem. However, if managed properly, damage to the brain can be stopped and to some extent reversed. In addition to problem drinking, the disease is characterized by symptoms including an impaired control over alcohol, compulsive thoughts about alcohol, and distorted thinking. Alcoholism...
- how doomed are we in america with the sequestration thing?	$85,000,000,000 of $3,800,000,000,000 Take 9 zeros from both sides, it's like you've got $3800 to spend and someone steals $85, and the thief promises not to steal money for food or rent. It might inconvenience you, but it probably won't kill you.	[ "The Great Stagnation: How America Ate All the Low-Hanging Fruit of Modern History, Got Sick, and Will (Eventually) Feel Better is a pamphlet by Tyler Cowen published in 2011. It argues that the American economy has reached a historical technological plateau and the factors which drove economic growth for most of A...
why some foods completely unrelated to animals contain fat (olives, nuts, avocado), please.	Fat is used by plant to store energy. Nuts have fat so the plant inside has energy to grow a stem and leafs. Once the plant has leafs it can produce it's own energy.	[ "Nuts are an important source of nutrients for both humans and wildlife. Because nuts generally have a high oil content, they are a highly prized food and energy source. A large number of seeds are edible by humans and used in cooking, eaten raw, sprouted, or roasted as a snack food, or pressed for oil that is used...
what are some scientific explanations for well known cases of 'supernatural' phenomena?	Physical * [Carbon monoxide poisoning](_URL_5_) can cause feelings of dread, auditory and visual hallucinations and illness * Expansion and contraction of materials in a house as it heats up and cools down throughout the day can cause noises such as creaks, groans, clicks and bangs, and can cause doors to appear t...	[ "In the twentieth century, supernatural fiction became associated with psychological fiction. The result is that the supernatural is only one possible explanation for what has been described. A classic example of this would be \"The Turn of the Screw\" by Henry James, which offers both a supernatural and a psycholo...
why current religious freedom laws are considered so objectionable.	The issue isn't about writing a message on a cake or some other sort of service where it's the service itself that the person finds objectionable. It's about doing the same thing for every customer and treating them equally. For example, let's say that I wanted to buy a cake that said "I love Nazis" on it. A bak...	[ "The State Constitution provides for freedom of religion; however, respect for religious freedom declined due to selective legal enforcement and indifference of some government officials, which allowed societal violence and the threat of violence to restrict the ability to worship of adherents of religious groups i...
how do sprints change your body versus jogging?	Sprinting builds cardio and explosion in a shorter amount of time, it also burns fat for longer. Whereas, long distance cardio can improve cardio but not explosiveness it also takes longer. So you can get better results, running harder sprints than longer distance.	[ "Sprinting involves a quick acceleration phase followed by a velocity maintenance phase. During the initial stage of sprinting, the runners have their upper body tilted forward in order to direct ground reaction forces more horizontally. As they reach their maximum velocity, the torso straightens out into an uprigh...
how is it ok for the usa to try to force other nations to denuclearize even though we maintain a nuclear arsenal that is capable of destroying the world.	Nobody wants anyone to have nukes, they're bad news but once you get some, you can't really give them up as long as somebody else has them - it's sort of a "Mexican Standoff" where safety & peace is assured by the fact that nobody with nukes will fire them first because they know everyone else that has them will f...	[ "It is a very far reaching control which would eliminate the rivalry between nations in this field, which would prevent the surreptitious arming of one nation against another, which would provide some cushion of time before atomic attack, and presumably therefore before any attack with weapons of mass destruction, ...
what on earth is wwe wrestling about	Hey... uh... you know all those movies and TV shows you watch? They're not real either. You still watch those despite knowing it's acting, don't you?	[ "Legends of Wrestling is a series of professional wrestling video games based on the best wrestlers of all time, from WWF/WWE, NWA, WCW, ECW, TNA and various independent promotions. It was developed and produced by Acclaim. It was released in 2001 for the PlayStation 2, then in 2002 for the GameCube and Xbox. In 20...
Why did 4 year liberal arts educations become popular in the United States?	Your question actually needs to be flipped around: when did other countries stop insisting upon a liberal arts foundation. The modern university system was born in the Latin (European) Middle Ages, in Paris and Bologna. The medieval curriculum was founded on the liberal arts: the trivium of grammar, rhetoric, logi...	[ "The liberal arts college model took root in the United States in the 19th century, as institutions spread that followed the model of early schools like Harvard, Yale, and Dartmouth, although none of these early American schools are regarded as liberal arts colleges today. These colleges served as a means of spread...
why can't i goto a doctor 2x a year and just get screened for every disease and eliminate the risk of cancer/etc?	Most tests for diseases are not 100% accurate. These tests normally don't detect the actual presence of a certain virus or bacteria, but test for certain enzymes or hormones that end up in your blood as a result of the infection. However there's always a chance these are in your bloodstream because of unrelated reasons...	[ "The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended against PSA screening in healthy men finding that the potential risks outweigh the potential benefits. Guidelines from the American Urological Association, and the American Cancer Society recommend that men be informed of the risks and benefits ...
why do you get really thirsty after eating chocolate/sweets?	Your body uses tons of water to regulate blood sugar. This is also why a night of binging on candy will make you «hung over» the next morning, you are really dehydrated	[ "The explorer Francisco Hernández wrote that chocolate drinks helped treat fever and liver disease. Another explorer, Santiago de Valverde Turices, believed that large amounts of hot chocolate were helpful in treating chest ailments and that smaller amounts could help stomach disorders. When chocolate was introduce...
As an enthusiast of astrophysics, and one who is out of the loop, I would love to know about quantum fluctuations.	How do you know you have a "true" vacuum? You measure the energy of a region. But uncertainty in energy measurement forms a Heisenberg pair with uncertainty in time measurement. So if you want, you can kind of think about quantum fluctuations as imprecision in knowledge of energy over very small time scales. You can't ...	[ "\"Quantum Night\" has received positive reviews. \"Publishers Weekly\" called it a \"fast-moving, mind-stretching exploration of the nature of personality and consciousness.\" \"Winnipeg Free Press\" described the book \"a breath of fresh air and a return to classic Sawyer: big ideas, relatable people and a Canadi...
If you were locked up and only had access to 1 litre of water, how should you comsume it in order to survive the longest?	Before drinking any of it, store your urine if it's dilute. You're probably pretty hydrated already, so you'll be losing a lot of water through there. When your urine starts to get darker(Probably only after 1 piss), stop, and start drinking small amounts of water. Concentrated urine will be very bad for you, and is co...	[ "How by means of a certain machine many people may stay some time under water. How and why I do not describe my method of remaining under water, or how long I can stay without eating; and I do not publish nor divulge these by reason of the evil nature of men who would use them as means of destruction at the bottom ...
a bill was passed to remove internet privacy regulations today , what does that mean really ?	Basically, now American ISPs can sell the data they collect from you to advertisers without your permission.	[ "This case established the right to privacy of internet users and guaranteed the protection of basic rights while on the internet. It was established that the government does not have oversight or authority over the internet and thus cannot necessarily make mandates for it.\n", "The Electronic Communications Priv...
why are some classical compositions titled like standard songs (moonlight sonata) and some are... not (overture no. 2 in b minor)	The 'modern' names are often added after the fact, and usually have nothing to do with the actual composer. For example, the "Moonlight Sonata" isn't really called the "Moonlight Sonata" at all. It's official name is "Piano Sonata No. 14 in C# Minor. Opus 27, No 2". 5 years after Beethoven died, a German poet t...	[ "Sonatas, duos and fantasies by Franz Schubert include all works for solo piano by Franz Schubert, except separate dances. They also include a number of works for two players: piano four hands, or piano and a string instrument (violin, arpeggione).\n", "The three sonatas are cyclically interconnected by diverse s...
For Americans in WWII, did your geographic location determine which front you were sent to? For example, were Californians sent to the Pacific while New Yorkers sent to Europe?	Nisei (American of Japanese heritage) were regularly deployed to the European theater out of a fear that the troops would turn against the U.S. if deployed in the Pacific. While National Guard units were often kept together, everything else would routinely be pulled from all over the country.	[ "Following the outbreak of the Pacific War, the War Department demanded that all enemy nationals and Japanese American citizens be removed from war zones on the West Coast. The question became how to imprison the estimated 120,000 people of Japanese and American citizenship living in California. On February 11, 194...
What did happen to the Lincoln Battalion survivors when they came back home in 1939?	First things first - on the question of how the volunteers were received at home, I have written [this answer previously](_URL_0_), which I think covers most of your second group of questions. The first set of questions isn't really covered there though, and is interesting ground for me to write on because I have rese...	[ "Most of the survivors were back at the British lines by 12:00; the whole affair had lasted no more than 20 minutes. For those that returned there was a mixture of elation and anger, and questions as to what had happened to the Heavy Brigade. \"And who I ask is answerable for all this?\" wrote Troop Sergeant Major ...
What animals have an Amygdala?	All vertebrates have roughly the same set of cortical organs, and many vertebrate brain structures have homologs in invertebrates. The harder part of answering your question is what you mean by "larger." This gets into very complicated comparative anatomy. Do you mean "has more cells," "has more mass," "has more co...	[ "The amygdala (; plural: amygdalae; also \"corpus amygdaloideum\"; Latin from Greek, , \"\", 'Almond', 'tonsil') is one of two almond-shaped clusters of nuclei located deep and medially within the temporal lobes of the brain in complex vertebrates, including humans. Shown in research to perform a primary role in th...
What causes sunscreen to lose potency over time after application?	It has always been my understanding that over time it is washed off or worn away by water/sweat/rubbing (like wiping your eyes to get water off takes a little sunscreen with it). My dad (the protective doctor) has always recommended re application every 3-4 hours if you are just outdoors and every 2 hours when swimming...	[ "The principal active ingredients in sunscreens are usually aromatic molecules conjugated with carbonyl groups. This general structure allows the molecule to absorb high-energy ultraviolet rays and release the energy as lower-energy rays, thereby preventing the skin-damaging ultraviolet rays from reaching the skin....
how do astronauts travel between the earth and the iss?	Currently only the Russian Soyuz spacecraft transport astronauts to and from the ISS (Prior to 2011 the Space Shuttle also fulfilled this role for the US, and in the next few years SpaceX and Boeing will provide US with manned spaceflight capabilities again.) The Soyuz carries up to 3 astronauts to the ISS, and is onlt...	[ "The ISS serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory in which crew members conduct experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology, and other fields. The station is suited for the testing of spacecraft systems and equipment required for missions to the Moon and Mars. Th...
Artisans in the early middle ages	Military equipment crafting is definitely something that didn't die out because of the necessity, even in places like Britain where civilian production of what was previously common items like wheeled pottery disappeared. The increasing militarization of society in all levels in Europe and the needs of the social econ...	[ "In the Middle Ages, Vianden's craftsmen were recognised for their skills as tanners, drapers, weavers, barrelmakers, masons, locksmiths and goldsmiths. In 1490, they created guilds for their various trades. Over the years pig-farming and leathermaking became the major industry with the establishment of two tanneri...
what happens to old crinkly dollar bills?	Stores will send them to a bank. Then that bank will give old and damaged bills/coins to the mint/bill printing place. The coins and bills will get destroyed and new one will be made to replace them.	[ "After his wife's death, Juettner had limited financial means. In 1938, Juettner began using ten to twelve homemade counterfeited bills a week in select stores in the neighborhoods of Manhattan. Over the following ten years, Juettner continued to use his counterfeited bills sparingly, never repeating storefronts or...
why do companies like verizon work so hard to limit customers internet usage?	Money. They don’t want to invest in infrastructure so they throttle customers to save costs.	[ "AT&T joined the group because HomeRF was designed for high-speed broadband services and the need to support PCs, phones, stereos and televisions; but last-mile deployment occurred more slowly than expected and with slower speeds. So it was natural that the home networking market focused more on multi-PC households...
the difference between shifting gears on an automatic and on a manual. bonus: how does it relate to bicycle gears?	For automatic, going faster makes the car automatically increase gears. In manual, you increase it yourself with a gearstick as you get higher revs. The main advantage of automatic is you only have to focus on the road really, not gear switching(althougha fter a few months of manual driving the gear changing is second...	[ "Manual transmissions have generally offered a wider selection of gear ratios. Many vehicles offer a 5-speed or 6-speed manual, whereas the automatic option would typically be a 4-speed. This is generally due to the increased space available inside a manual transmission compared with an automatic, since the latter ...
when watching a live sports broadcast, why does radio tend to deliver audio feeds a few seconds before transmitted via television? why are they not equally quick?	_URL_0_ Gives the broadcaster time to delete nudity, profanity, or anything else they don't want going to air. With radio, it's just the play by play guys on the microphone. Far less likely for something unwanted to go to air, so they don't need to worry about it.	[ "Live broadcasts (news, sports, important events) are usually captured at 50 Hz. Using 25 Hz (de-interlacing essentially) for live broadcasts makes them look like they are taken from an archive, so the practice is usually avoided unless there is a motion processor in the transmission chain.\n", "In radio and tele...
If I have a direct line of light to a galaxy that is on the edge of our observable universe, what would I see as time progresses?	It depends on the precise expansion rate of the Universe. For some Universes (such as those dominated by matter or by radiation), we can see more and more distant objects as time goes on. For other Universes (mostly those with accelerating expansions, so this includes our present situation) closer and closer objects ar...	[ "This puzzle has a bearing on the question of whether light from distant galaxies can ever reach us given the metric expansion of space. The universe is expanding, which leads to increasing distances to other galaxies, and galaxies that are far enough away from us will have an apparent relative motion greater than ...
how can a 64-bit minecraft world seed create an infinite world?	Although as others have said the Minecraft world isnt actually infinite, there isnt actually anything stopping it from being in regards to the seed at least. A random seed is only the "starting point" for a random number generator, once you've started it you can get as many pseudo-random numbers as you want out of it....	[ "In video games using procedural world generation, the map seed is a (relatively) short number or text string which is used to procedurally create the game world (\"map\"). This means that while the seed-unique generated map may be many megabytes big (often generated incrementally and virtually unlimited in potenti...
china's ghost cities	When I visited several years ago I asked the same question and got a somewhat satisfactory answer. Basically the Chinese Government has built these modern cities for business to operate in along with all the apartments and amenities needed to live in the city. The problem is no one wants to leave their families behind...	[ "This is a list of property developments in China, which are currently mostly unoccupied and which are sometimes referred to as \"ghost cities.\" They are also frequently referred to in the international media as \"ghost towns\", but this usually refers to abandoned places rather than new ones that have failed to a...
how could a world without money function.	Basically everyone in this thread is wrong. Don't listen to them. There have been many, many different kinds of societies without money and they have functioned many, many different ways. Barter is a spot trade of one good for another. I give you chickens, you give me a cow, and we walk away. There has never been an ...	[ "In his much later book, \"Maitreya\", Raël says the road to a world without money is capitalism and globalisation, as opposed to communism. Capitalism would allow those who contribute much to society to also contribute to its scientific and technological development. Under capitalism, society would produce as much...
what are the main reasons for most of the worlds population (non british colonised countries) wanting to learn english?	I think what OP means how it become a global language. Not why people wanting to learn it today because thats pretty obvious (mentioned in other comments). Mean reasons are that the British Empire expanded a large portion of the world. Basically they were everywhere. America for example, a lot of people migrated there...	[ "However, knowledge of English is helped by the large Cypriot migrant communities in the UK and Australia, leading to diffusion of culture and language back to their country of origin, and negative sentiments towards the UK have waned or disappeared. There is now a large British expatriate population, in addition t...
why does my apple iphone require that i have at least 4.5 gb of storage available in order to update?	The files you download in the update must be decompressed before being permanently installed. A 500 MB download could easily decompress into a couple of gigabytes or more.	[ "The iPad was released with three capacity options for storage: 16, 32, or 64 GB of internal flash memory. On January 29, 2013, Apple announced a 128 GB model of the fourth generation iPad, which was released on February 5. All data is stored on the internal flash memory, with no option to expand storage. Apple sel...
How do you calculate the amount of rocket fuel needed for a specific weight?	> The problem that I am encountering is that the more fuel (liquid or solid) I end up needing more fuel to compensate for the pervious amount of fuel added. That's because that's exactly how it is. I can't remember exactly what it's described as, but it's a well known problem with rockets. You might be able to use ...	[ "where g is the gravity constant of the planet (which is Earth in most cases). This also enables the volume of storage required for the fuel to be calculated if the density of the fuel is known, which is almost always the case when designing the rocket stage. The volume is yielded when dividing the mass of the prop...
Why does hot water rapidly cool when poured into a glass that contains salt?	Enthalpy of dissolution is the energy required to dissolve something in a solvent. This energy is taken from the surroundings thus cooling the solution. There is also a lattice energy iirc and this releases energy so there would be a sum.	[ "As a molten salt it can serve as a coolant which can be used at high temperatures without reaching a high vapor pressure. Unlike sodium or potassium metals, which can also be used as high-temperature coolants, it does not violently react with air or water. FLiBe salt has low hygroscopy and solubility in water.\n",...
Did the British paratroopers use a different helmet than regular infantry during WWII?	British airborne forces did indeed use a different helmet design, starting with a small number of ["P" Type helmets] (_URL_2_) in 1942 followed by the "[Helmet, Steel, Airborne Troops Mark I] (_URL_4_)" and [Mark II] (_URL_0_). (Photos from ParaData, which has [a page on airborne headgear] (_URL_1_) including other e...	[ "The M42 Duperite helmet was a paratrooper helmet issued to Australian paratroopers during WW2. The helmet got its eponymous name from the shock impact-absorbing material it was composed of. It was similar to the first of the British dispatch rider helmets.\n", "A Paratrooper helmet is a type of combat helmet use...
At the beginning of WWI, why was the German army so much more professional/organized/effective than the French or English armies?	There's no denying the efficiency of the German mobilization which is likely what you're referring to. To understand this you have to understand the Schlieffen Plan. The Schlieffen Plan was the plan created out of necessity because of Germany's position in the early 20th century. They were essentially encircled. Britis...	[ "Although the UK had increased military spending and funding prior to 1939 in response to the increasing strength of Germany under the Nazi Party, its forces were still weak by comparison, especially the British Army. Only the Royal Navy – at the time the largest in the world – was of a greater strength than its Ge...
how much do views from services like hulu and netflix count toward helping a show stay on air?	It doesn't really help at all. In order for a show to stay on the air, it has to be profitable for the network that orders the show. So, if there's a show called "Americas Next Top Wizard", produced by Sony, and aired on CBS, then CBS needs to make enough money through advertising revenue to order more episodes from ...	[ "In addition to viewing exclusive original series, subscription to Dropout allows users to view all other videos produced by CollegeHumor 72 hours before they are released to the public. There is also access to an exclusive Discord server where subscribers are allowed to chat with cast members and producers of the ...
Why was Nestorianism so readily accepted by Churches in the East, yet rejected to the West?	This is a great, but really big question! I'll attempt an answer here, but with the understanding that the acceptance and rejection of Nestorianism goes along lines both theological and political. Firstly, some background for those unfamiliar. Nestorios was installed as Patriarch of Constantinople in 428 by the Emper...	[ "The Church of the East was associated with the doctrine of Nestorianism, advanced by Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople from 428 – 431, which emphasized the disunion between the human and divine natures of Jesus. Nestorius and his doctrine were condemned at the Council of Ephesus in 431, leading to the Nestori...
What was Nazi Art and Architecture like in the 1930's?	Architecture was an important part of the representation, with a goal to impress by ever larger plans, most of which never saw fruition due to the start of the war. Hitler was especially interested in architecture and formed a close bond with Albert Speer (who would later become a cabinet member in charge of coordinat...	[ "The building was constructed from 1933 to 1937 following plans of architect Paul Ludwig Troost as Nazi Germany's first monumental structure of Nazi architecture and as Nazi propaganda. The museum, then called \"Haus der Deutschen Kunst\" (\"House of German Art\"), was opened on 18 July 1937 as a showcase for what ...
it's so dark near pluto, how was new horizons able to take a picture?	Believe it or not, it's not actually that dark near Pluto. The sunlight is very weak compared to what we are used to, but in terms of brightness it's around 250 times brighter than a full moon on earth. Check out [This Article](_URL_0_) for a run down of the basic maths involved.	[ "In July 2015 NASA published photographs taken as the New Horizons space probe passed within 7000 miles of Pluto. A photo of Pluto's largest moon, Charon, shows a large dark area near its north pole. The dark area has been unofficially called Mordor Macula.\n", "On February 12, 2015, NASA released new images of P...
Had a question in Physics class; I got one answer, teacher got another. Can someone explain where I am wrong?	You can put it very simply using just the first postulate. The boat travels at 6m/s relative to the water so the water moves at -6m/s relative to the boat. Imagine you turned the engine off and just drifted. The water would be still relative to the boat. Then you start moving and you have 6m/s motion relative to the...	[ "BULLET::::- If everyone gets the same answer they can assume the answer is correct. If not, all members need to discuss to see if someone did something wrong and help that student to see what they did wrong.\n", "According to many students and professors, a major problem with the first edition of the book was ho...
Are battle depictions of one or two extremely skilled swordsmen that kill dozens of men, while thousands of poorly trained infantrymen that usually die true?	The most important things to remember about battles is that if you're alone you're dead. Skill definitely plays a role, but so does morale, equipment and luck. The last two I think are most important - a good armour allows one to face many opponents and deal with them. And will save you when a bunch of people start hit...	[ "The one-eyed, one-armed swordsman is a fictional character in Japanese literature, cinema and TV. The loyal Sōma clan samurai Tange Samanosuke is attacked and mutilated as the result of a betrayal, losing his right eye and right arm. He then begins to lead the life of a nihilistic ronin, using the pseudonym Sazen....
why do i never have to poop when i'm on vacation or camping, but as soon as i come home, i'm taking the biggest shit of my life within minutes?	I'm no poop expert but I think it's a territorial thing. Think about our evolutionary ancestors. They were comfortable and safe pooping in familiar territory. If they were on a hunt for a Wooly Mammoth or something, the act of pooping would put them in a vulnerable position.	[ "Why don’t you stay in the wilderness? Because that isn’t where it is at; it’s back in the city, back in downtown St. Louis, back in Los Angeles. The final test is whether your experience of the sacred in nature enables you to cope more effectively with the problems of people. If it does not enable you to cope more...
how can people lose consciousness when a cabin or area depressurizes? can't you hold your breath for several minutes if you need to?	You can hold your breath in normal air pressure, but not really in low pressure environments.	[ "Any failure of cabin pressurization above requires an emergency descent to or the closest to that while maintaining the Minimum Safe Altitude (MSA), and the deployment of an oxygen mask for each seat. The oxygen systems have sufficient oxygen for all on board and give the pilots adequate time to descend to below ....
what is light, wavelengths, and how do we see colour?	The eye contains cells called "rods" and "cones" that sense certain wavelengths of light. The brain interprets those signals as color, depending on the wavelength determines what color you see... An interesting thing is the colors Pink/Maroon in that area don't actually exist in nature. they are a combination of mul...	[ "Visible light, a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, encompasses wavelengths between 380-750 nanometers, which humans perceive as the colors of the spectrum: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. Light behaves according to a well-defined set of rules: it travels in straight lines, unless...

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