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Popular history YouTuber Feature History claims that "Hutu" and "Tutsi" were originally class distinctions rather than ethnic ones. How much merit does this claim have?	here's an answer from another thread that answers your question _URL_0_ credits to /u/gplnd	[ "A contrasting picture of human cultural diversity was recorded in the early Rwandan oral histories, ritual texts, and biographies, in which the terms Tutsi, Hutu, and Twa were quite rarely used and had meanings different from those conceived by the Europeans. In those, the term Tutsi was equivalent to the phrase \...
How did the Thirty Year's War and the Paraguay War lead to such a huge loss of life?	First: a loss of population from pre-war levels is a very different thing than direct counts of casualties. The Holy Roman Empire's population was roughly two-thirds in 1650 of what it was in 1615 (although some regions suffered much more directly), but much of the population loss were simply refugees, loss of territor...	[ "The losses of the century of war were enormous, particularly owing to the plague (the Black Death, usually considered an outbreak of bubonic plague), which arrived from Italy in 1348, spreading rapidly up the Rhone valley and thence across most of the country: it is estimated that a population of some 18–20 millio...
when microwaving food, why does it seem to get more soggy rather than crunchy?	Microwaves specialize in heating up moisture specifically. The heated up moisture just tends to steam and diffuse making crunchy things less crunchy and more damp(soggy). Feel free to fact check.	[ "Eating deteriorated food could not be considered safe due to mycotoxins or microbial wastes. Some pathogenic bacteria, such as \"Clostridium perfringens\" and \"Bacillus cereus\", are capable of causing spoilage.\n", "The spoilage of food products caused by microbes is a concern for many sub-sectors of the food ...
Are there solar systems that are not contained in galaxies? How would our solar system be different if that were the case?	So you can contrive to have a situation where it might occur. Stars can be lost from a host galaxy via a few different means. (Mergers, Supernovae, Scattering off hard binaries, etc. Generally anything that can throw stars into different orbits.) If you have a very tight solar system, say a star and a hot jupiter, it ...	[ "Based on observations from the \"Hubble Space Telescope\", there are between 125 and 250 billion galaxies in the observable universe. It is estimated that at least ten percent of all Sun-like stars have a system of planets, i.e. there are stars with planets orbiting them in the observable universe. Even if it is a...
Would the Lorica Segmentata have been a good choice of armor in medieval times? Could it have retained its effectiveness on the battlefield, let's say, around 1000 AD?"	The threats on the battlefield of 1,000 AD weren't really much different to those of 100 AD; spears and arrows for the most part, with slingshot, battleaxes and swords also being fairly common. Lorica Segmentata offered adequate protection against all of those, so in that sense it was as good as ever. However, Lorica ...	[ "\"Lorica segmentata\": Modern tests have shown that this \"lorica\" provided better protection to weapon-blows and missile-strikes than the other types of metal armour commonly used by Roman troops, mail (\"hamata\") or scale (\"squamata\"), being virtually impenetrable by ancient weapons. However, historical re-e...
as a non-american; what is the carpool lane and why does it exsists?	A restricted traffic lane reserved at peak travel times or longer for the exclusive use of vehicles with a driver and one or more passengers, often used as an incentive to share cars and reduce congestion/pollution, as they should lead to faster travel times.	[ "In Pittsburgh driving lore, the tunnels are notorious, most notably for several accidents when tractor-trailers that are too tall to safely travel through the tunnel get stuck against the roof of the tunnel. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation raised the ceiling of the Squirrel Hill Tunnels to eliminate ...
why are some insects (such as flies) extremely skittish towards humans whereas others (such as ladybugs) are extremely docile towards humans, despite having similar flight abilities?	Ladybugs are toxic (or something like that) to most predators, as indicated by their flashy colors. They know that predators know not to eat them, so they have no need to run away. Flies, on the other hand, rely on their mobility to escape from predators, so they need to be jumpy.	[ "Some species, such as deer flies and the Australian March flies, are known for being extremely noisy during flight, though clegs, for example, fly quietly and bite with little warning. Tabanids are agile fliers; \"Hybomitra\" species have been observed to perform aerial manoeuvres similar to those performed by fig...
how exactly does water ruin electronics, assuming that they are turned off after and dried throughly, what damage to hardware is done that is irreparable?	Different components react differently to water. Most ICs, for example, will dry just fine, but may end up with residual water stuck underneath the chip, unable to dry. Capacitors can corrode from the inside out, and transistors do weird things when exposed to water, but immediate drying and cleansing with alcohol wi...	[ "Damage to structures and other objects can take a number of forms, such as fire damage caused by the effects of burning, water damage done by water to materials not resistant to its effects, and radiation damage due to ionizing radiation. Some kinds of damage are specific to vehicles and mechanical or electronic s...
why doesn't the u.s. have standardized education across the board? wouldn't that make everything easier?	The US has a history of federalism and local control. It's much bigger and more diverse than Japan or the UK, so it's harder to get everyone to agree. Common Core was an attempt at standardized education, and it met major backlash pretty much across the board.	[ "Unlike the systems of most other countries, education in the United States is highly decentralized, and the federal government and Department of Education are not heavily involved in determining curricula or educational standards (with the exception of the No Child Left Behind Act). This has been left to state and...
what's the difference between oled, amoled and super amoled displays?	Short answer: It's complicated. OLED is display technology that involves the use of pixels made of organic material. AMOLED display technology combines the properties of OLED technology with a pixel-modulating matrix and thin-film transistors, essentially providing a transistor and capacitor to each pixel in the disp...	[ "\"Super AMOLED\" is a marketing term created by device manufacturers for an AMOLED display with an integrated digitizer: the layer that detects touch is integrated into the screen, rather than overlaid on top of it. The display technology itself is not improved. According to Samsung, Super AMOLED reflects one-fift...
why do male dogs pee with one leg up and female dogs don't ?	Males are marking their territory...the higher they pee, the less likely someone can pee over it. My Labrador used to also poop on top of boulders to mark his territory.	[ "Domestic dogs mark their territories by urinating on vertical surfaces (usually at nose level), sometimes marking over the urine of other dogs. When one dog marks over another dog's urine, this is known as \"counter-marking\" or \"overmarking\". Male dogs urine-mark more frequently than female dogs, typically begi...
why don't legitimate banks offer up competitive alternatives to paypal?	They would have the same fraud issues as PayPal and be just as hated.	[ "Thiel, a founder of PayPal, has stated that PayPal is not a bank because it does not engage in fractional-reserve banking. Rather, PayPal's funds that have not been disbursed are kept in commercial interest-bearing checking accounts.\n", "In 2003, PayPal voluntarily ceased serving as a payment intermediary betwe...
why does audio feedback always sound like a high squealing noice?	There are 2 things happening here. In a feedback loop, the microphone is picking up some of the amplified sound (because it "hears" it from the speaker) and sends it back around. This is why it gets very loud, very fast. The high-pitched squeal happens for a different reason. If the microphone and the speaker are...	[ "Feedback is almost always considered undesirable when it occurs with a singer's or public speaker's microphone at an event using a sound reinforcement system or PA system. Audio engineers use various electronic devices, such as equalizers and, since the 1990s, automatic feedback detection devices to prevent these ...
If yellow teeth are supposedly healthy and natural, why do we find pearly white teeth attractive?	I'm surprised to hear that yellow teeth are healthy. Normally, one would think discoloration signifies rot or oral disease. Do you have a source for that fact? As a layman, I would speculate that white teeth are considered a sign of good hygiene, and logically so. A person that cares about keeping his teeth white care...	[ "Sometimes white or straight teeth are associated with oral hygiene, but a hygienic mouth may have stained teeth and/or crooked teeth. For appearance reasons, people may seek out teeth whitening and orthodontics.\n", "In Australia, jelly confectionery in the shape of teeth has been very popular since the 1930s. T...
how the big bang theory and the intelligent observer co-exist in science.	Simple: science does not say the universe requires an intelligent observer. One may or may come into existence at some point.	[ "One of the major successes of the Big Bang theory has been to provide a prediction that corresponds to the observations of the abundance of light elements in the universe. Along with the explanation provided for the Hubble's law and for the cosmic microwave background, this observation has proved very difficult fo...
What happened to pre-Columbian dog breeds? Did they die off from diseases brought by European dogs?	There are several breeds of domestic dogs that were developed in North America. Some are breeds are still around, while others are extinct. Among those that are still popular pets today you can find huskies and Malamute and their relatives, which have Old World counterparts in the Eurasian Arctic as well. Chihuahuas t...	[ "The Spanish conquest of Peru nearly caused the extinction of the breed. The dogs survived in rural areas where the people believed that they held a mystical value, and because of their reputation to treat arthritis. \n", "Dogs were present in pre-Columbian America, presumably brought by early human migrants from...
Has anyone ever looked into waste heat from cars and buildings being a factor in global temperature increase?	If you look at oil, it produces about [5.6 million BTU per barrel](_URL_2_) when burned. There are about 3.5e10 barrels in a cubic mile, and we know that globally [we consume about 3 cubic miles of oil _equivalent](_URL_1_) each year, so that's about 10.5e10 barrels, producing about 5.9e17 BTU, or about 6.2e20 joules. ...	[ "A 2012 study by researchers at Concordia University included variables similar to those used in the Stanford study (e.g., cloud responses) and estimated that worldwide deployment of cool roofs and pavements in cities would generate a global cooling effect equivalent to offsetting up to 150 gigatonnes of carbon dio...
How was Irish culture change by the settling of Vikings?	It's well attested to that raiders and settlers from Scandinavia had a substantial impact on Irish society. In some instances we can still be point to this influence in contemporary Ireland. First, a brief history of Viking contact with Ireland. The first recorded reference is from 795, when it was reported that they ...	[ "The influx of Viking raiders and traders in the 9th and 10th centuries resulted in the founding of many of Ireland's most important towns, including Cork, Dublin, Limerick, and Waterford (earlier Gaelic settlements on these sites did not approach the urban nature of the subsequent Norse trading ports). The Vikings...
bonus in basketball	You have a certain number of fouls before you hit bonus. Teams under this are considered as having fouls to give. A bonus allows one free throw and if you make it, you get another one, regardless of the foul (non shooting fouls), and a double bonus allows 2 whether you make the first one or not. [Source](_URL_0_) Ed...	[ "Bonuses usually have multiple parts that are related by some common thread and may or may not be related to corresponding tossup. A team is usually rewarded with 10 points upon correctly answering each bonus part. Usually, only the team that answered the tossup correctly can answer the bonus questions, though some...
As the first European city founded in California, why didn't San Diego become as prominent as San Francisco or Los Angeles?	Without answering your question precisely, I'd like to point out that being the first city doesn't always make it important. For example, Jamestown, though the first English colony in America, no longer even exists even though it was the capital for 80 or so years. Terrain and resources make a larger impact on the su...	[ "San Diego has been called \"the birthplace of California\". Historically home to the Kumeyaay people, it was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the area for Spain, forming the basis for the s...
what is the psychological reason for intentionally revisiting memories/photos/things/experiences that have hurt us?	It's an attempt to heal wounds that still ache. What you are referring to is benign, but repetition compulsion drives people to get into therapy for harmful relationship patterns. _URL_0_	[ "The prospect of memory erasure or alteration raises ethical issues. Some of these concern identity, as memory seems to play a role in how people perceive themselves. For example, if a traumatic memory were erased, a person might still remember related events in their lives, such as their emotional reactions to lat...
How deep can an open pit mine be?	Not a complete answer, but it's something: Bingham Canyon Mine, located near Salt Lake City, is the world's deepest man-made open pit excavation. The mine is 2.75 miles (4,5km) across and 0.75 mile (1,2km) deep. Since mining operations started in 1906, Bingham Canyon Mine has been the granddaddy of all copper mines. ...	[ "The Hranice Abyss (), the English name adopted by the local tourist authorities, is the deepest flooded pit cave in the world. It is a karst sinkhole located near the town of Hranice (Přerov District). The greatest confirmed depth (as of 27 September 2016) is 473 m (404 m under the water level), which makes it the...
How accurate is the movie Gandhi (1982)? I read some articles slamming Gandhi (the actual person), and I don't know what to make of them.	The problem here is that there is a vast disjuncture between Gandhi the historical figures versus the popular mythology that has built around him. The 1982 biopic is a reflection of this latter aspect of Gandhi's image. The film presents Gandhi and his world in starkly Manichean of light versus dark. Note that Kingsley...	[ "\"Gandhi\" was released in India on 30 November 1982, in the United Kingdom on 3 December, and in the United States on 10 December. It was nominated for Academy Awards in eleven categories, winning eight, including Best Picture and Best Director for Attenborough, Best Actor for Ben Kingsley, and Best Screenplay Wr...
Did Germany pay reparations for World War I during WWII?	Nazi Germany did not pay reparations during WWII. Reparations had been suspended for one year by the Hoover Moratorium in 1930, and were suspended indefinitely at the Lausanne Conference in 1932. When WWII ended, the allies assessed a value equivalent to 16 Billion dollars, that Germany was to pay to complete the repar...	[ "World War I reparations owed by Germany were stated in gold marks in 1921, 1929 and 1931; this was the victorious Allies' response to their fear that vanquished Germany might try to pay off the obligation in paper marks. The actual amount of reparations that Germany was obliged to pay out was not the 132 billion m...
Who decided north is up and south is down?	u/terminus-trantor and u/qed1 worked on a similar question just a few days ago: [Was North always on the top of maps?](_URL_0_)	[ "The visible rotation of the night sky around the visible celestial pole provides a vivid metaphor of that direction corresponding to up. Thus the choice of the north as corresponding to up in the northern hemisphere, or of south in that role in the southern, is, prior to worldwide communication, anything but an ar...
What was the technique for harvesting ice on the Great Lakes for iceboxes/traincars, etc...	I used to work at [Dundurn Castle](_URL_0_) (it's not really a castle). In the side hall, where we had visitors wait for the next tour, hung a print depicting a 19th century ice harvest. It showed horse teams on the ice and groups of men using long saws (like a traditional lumberjack saw, but with a handle only on on...	[ "Hand-cranked machines' ice and salt mixture must be replenished to make a new batch of ice cream. Usually, rock salt is used. The salt causes the ice to melt and lowers the temperature in the process, below fresh water freezing, but the water does not freeze due to the salt content. The sub-freezing temperature he...
How were elite divisions in ww2 such as the 101st airborne from Band of Brothers able to have replacements often even though training took 2 years?	Men assigned originally to airborne divisions of the U.S. Army trained for a much longer period than those assigned as loss replacements overseas. The first standardized training program for airborne divisions took effect on 4 November 1942. The divisional training program was to take 37 weeks, discounting any addition...	[ "Before the Second World War, RASC recruits were required to be at least 5 feet 2 inches tall and could enlist up to 30 years of age (or 35 for tradesmen in the Transport Branch). They initially enlisted for six years with the colours and a further six years with the reserve (seven years and five years for tradesme...
what's the definition between a fetish and a kink in the bedroom?	I've always heard that a kink is something you enjoy while a fetish is something you have to have in order to get off.	[ "In human sexuality, kinkiness is the use of non-conventional sexual practices, concepts or fantasies. The term derives from the idea of a \"bend\" (cf. a \"kink\") in one's sexual behaviour, to contrast such behaviour with \"straight\" or \"vanilla\" sexual mores and proclivities. It is thus a colloquial term for ...
how video games loop music so seamlessly?	The person composing the music does that manually, most likely. A truly seamless transition means that the end and the beginning are similar and fit together. There's not much magic to it, you just arrange the instruments at both ends to match up.	[ "The musical loop is one of the most important features of video game music. It is also the guiding principle behind devices like the several Chinese Buddhist music boxes that loop chanting of mantras, which in turn was the inspiration of the Buddha machine, an ambient-music generating device. The Jan Linton album ...
why do the effects of novocaine stay relatively close to the injection site?	Dentists generally use lidocaine these days, not novocaine. It's a much safer anaesthetic all around. It's not injected into the bloodstream, it's a topical anaesthetic. The most common use is something called a 'nerve block,' where the lidocaine is injected into the nerve in the jaw and disrupts that nerve's ability ...	[ "BULLET::::- Chelation: The presence of di- or trivalent cations can cause the chelation of certain drugs, making them harder to absorb. This interaction frequently occurs between drugs such as tetracycline or the fluoroquinolones and dairy products (due to the presence of Ca).\n", "On October 15, the FDA issued ...
Before Israelite conquered it, who ruled Jericho and where is Jericho mentioned outside the bible?	This is a good question, but I want to start by clearing up a couple of things. Firstly, some definitions: 'Canaan' is usually used to refer to the area from the Eastern Mediterranean coast to the hill country that's farther inland, and often comes with an implied sense of 'not Israel and Judah'. I'll use it here to me...	[ "According to the story in the biblical book of Joshua, Jericho was the first Canaanite city to fall to the Israelites as they began their conquest of the Promised Land - an event which the Bible's internal chronology places at around 1406 BC, based on the early 15th century BC exodus-conquest model. This is based ...
When Russian troops sacked Berlin near the end of World War II, did they kill civilians? What exactly happened?	The population of Berlin at the end of the war was disproportionately comprised of Women and children, with most of the men fighting in the army, or being drafted into the Volkssturm at the last minute. Most of the violence directed to Berliners was looting and rape. Rape was endemic at the time, with girls as young...	[ "When the Russians besieged the Chechen capital, thousands of civilians died from a week-long series of air raids and artillery bombardments in the heaviest bombing campaign in Europe since the destruction of Dresden. The initial assault on New Year's Eve 1995 ended in a major Russian defeat, resulting in heavy cas...
Is it true that Emporor Hirohito barely spoke normal japanese, and as such a large amount of citizens could not understand when he surrendered on air?	Not to discourage further responses, but u/aonoreishou answered a similar question [here](_URL_0_).	[ "Hirohito's surrender broadcast was a profound shock to Japanese citizens. After years of being told about Japan's military might and the inevitability of victory, these beliefs were proven false in the space of a few minutes. But for many people, these were only secondary concerns since they were also facing starv...
What were the military advantages that helped Cromwell and the New Model Army win the English Civil Wars?	Three main reasons, money, money, and yet more money. There were other reasons as well. Parliament controlled not only the most prosperous and most populous parts of Britain at the start of the Civil War, which meant that their war chest was far bigger than the king's (more, and more prosperous people who were able to ...	[ "The most successful parliamentary cavalry commander had been Oliver Cromwell, and Cromwell now approached the Committee of Both Kingdoms with a proposal. Cromwell had come to the conclusion that the current military system was untenable because it relied on local militias defending local areas. Cromwell proposed t...
do people lose in sensitivity to adrenaline if exposed to it repetitively ?	Neurobiology student. Ok, so the first thing I thought reading this question was "Nah, I don't think so", but I still looked to be sure. Well apparently yeah, you can have some receptors, called B-adrenergic receptors, lose their sensibility if constantly exposed to a drug that activate them. And one drug tha activate...	[ "Adverse reactions to adrenaline include palpitations, tachycardia, arrhythmia, anxiety, panic attack, headache, tremor, hypertension, and acute pulmonary edema. The use of epinephrine based eye-drops, commonly used to treat glaucoma, may also lead to buildup of adrenochrome pigments in the conjunctiva, iris, lens,...
Did the Founding Fathers frame the Constitution solely for their economic self-interest?	First off, I don't know of a single historical work written that long ago that still holds up on its own today. The entire profession has been reformed and then reformed again since. Of course books like his can still be influential, but you can't look at single works, let alone works that old, and then proclaim "Aha! ...	[ "Frank Bourgin's study of the Constitutional Convention and subsequent decades argues that direct government involvement in the economy was intended by the Founding Fathers. The reason for this was the economic and financial chaos the nation suffered under the Articles of Confederation. The goal was to ensure that ...
why does a computer need to be cooled?	Because every electrical current causes warmth due to resistance.	[ "Cooling may be designed to reduce the ambient temperature within the case of a computer, such as by exhausting hot air, or to cool a single component or small area (spot cooling). Components commonly individually cooled include the CPU, Graphics processing unit (GPU) and the northbridge.\n", "Computer cooling is...
how is mass extinction humans fault?	> Considering most people at that time and prior loved in mud huts HA! Humans had already been farming for 9,500 years, living in cities for most of that, China had been a sprawling empire for 4,500 years, Rome had risen and fallen. Just because we hadn't built a steam engine yet didn't mean we weren't causing ch...	[ "There is still debate about the causes of all mass extinctions. In general, large extinctions may result when a biosphere under long-term stress undergoes a short-term shock. An underlying mechanism appears to be present in the correlation of extinction and origination rates to diversity. High diversity leads to a...
Why did "White Australia" use a dictation test instead of a criterion openly based on ancestry?	Enforcing the policy through a subjective test allowed it to be expanded to exclude politically undesirable people. The Immigration Restriction Act (1901) required immigrants to be able to "write out at dictation and sign in the presence of the officer, a passage of 50 words in length in a European language directed...	[ "Because of opposition from the British government, a more explicit racial policy was avoided in the legislation, with the control mechanism for people deemed undesirable being a dictation test, which required a person seeking entry to Australia to write out a passage of fifty words dictated to them in any European...
what is a snap election, and why doesn't it exist in the us?	Often times in parliamentary systems of government the prime minister or other head of government must have elections every set number of years, just like in the US system, but they also allow for them to call for elections at a time of their choosing prior to the normal time between elections. This is very useful for...	[ "In the Philippines, the term \"snap election\" usually refers to the 1986 presidential election, where President Ferdinand Marcos called elections earlier than scheduled, in response to growing social unrest. Marcos was declared official winner of the election but was eventually ousted when it was alleged that he ...
after world war ii, what changes did germany make to it's own political system to ensure a dictator figure could never take power again?	My answer won't fully describe your question, but one of the main reasons dictators weren't allowed to rise immediatley, and for the 40 or so years after the fall of Hitler, is the fact that Germany was split into two. The eastern half was controlled by the USSR, and the west was controlled by the western allies. The...	[ "The Government of Nazi Germany was a dictatorship run according to the \"Führerprinzip\". As the successor to the government of the Weimar Republic, it inherited the government structure and institutions of the previous state. Although the Weimar Constitution technically remained in effect until Germany's surrende...
Was New Zealand really forced out of the British Empire?	I think your professor's language is a bit harsh, but he is trying to emphasize a point. New Zealand (along with Canada, Australia, and a few other countries) didn't achieve independence in an abrupt manner in the same way India and the USA did. These countries made a gradual shift towards self-governance. The bigge...	[ "The British were reluctant administrators and continued pressure was applied to them from New Zealand and from European residents of the islands to pass the Cook Islands over to New Zealand. The first British Resident was Frederick Moss, a New Zealand politician who tried to help the local chiefs form a central go...
what is behind the american fascination with japanese style tattoos?	Because it is foreign and mysterious and aesthetically pleasing. A kanji looks cool and invites people to wonder about the meaning. This mystery implies that the owner has important secrets. Plus, if the viewer doesn't know the kanji then you can lie about what it means depending on your mood.	[ "At the beginning of the Meiji period the Japanese government, wanting to protect its image and make a good impression on the West and to avoid ridicule, outlawed tattoos, and irezumi took on connotations of criminality. Nevertheless, fascinated foreigners went to Japan seeking the skills of tattoo artists, and tra...
why does a shower speed up the sunburn symptoms? i just walked in with a light glow and walked out looking like zoidberg	Hot water acts as a vasodilator. It also irritates inflamed tissue if it's too hot, which your shower undoubtedly was if you're anything like me. So the shower increased blood flow to the inflamed area, and further irritated the damaged tissue.	[ "Other symptoms can include blistering, swelling (edema), pruritus (itching), peeling skin, rash, nausea, fever, chills, and fainting (syncope). Also, a small amount of heat is given off from the burn, caused by the concentration of blood in the healing process, giving a warm feeling to the affected area. Sunburns ...
how do people in courtrooms, depositions, parliaments and what not type everything being typed up so quickly?	my mum does this for australian state parliament - there's a button for every vowel and a button for most of the important consonants - stenographers create their own shorthand dictionary over time and there's shortcuts for every word they have to use. mum's been at it for about two - three years now and she's at abou...	[ "Internet researcher Annette Markham (1998) observes that text-based interviewing can take much longer than face-to-face, phone or Skype interviews because typing takes longer than talking. Textual methods require users to verbalize conventional aspects of polite conversation, such as nodding or smiling, which requ...
why does/did fox own the rights to the simpsons and family guy, shows that often deconstructed and even scorned traditional values?	So, the first and foremost thing to understand about Fox is that it's a large organization with a lot of channels. And, like almost all large organizations, it really only cares about one thing. Money. Fox News Channel (which came into existence fairly late in Fox's life) has discovered a niche where they can make mon...	[ "In 2007, John Ortved wrote an article for \"Vanity Fair\" titled \"Simpson Family Values\". Producers of the show, including Groening, Brooks and Simon, chose not to cooperate in the project. Ortved believes that the reason was because \"were upset [that] the myth of \"The Simpsons\" would be challenged.\" Shortly...
why this new obama tax plan is making waves. i thought you had to pay 2% on income if it's over 380k?	The percentage you are thinking of is 35% for income wages over $379,151. Those who are making over $1 Million per year aren't likely to be making it from wages, the are making it from capital gains (read investment or Wall St.). Taxes on this kind of income can be much lower, and can be made even lower still for those...	[ "Obama increased taxes on high-income taxpayers via: a) expiration of the Bush income tax cuts for the top 1–2% of income earners starting with 2013; and b) payroll tax increases on roughly the top 5% of earners as part of the ACA. This increased the average tax rate paid by the top 1% (incomes above $443,000 in 20...
If you hold in poop does your intestine still absorb nutrients or does it just kind of sit there at the end of the line?	Its called [encopresis] (_URL_0_). By the time you have conscious control, its more water being absorbed than anything else. If you refuse to poo, it gets harder and bigger so the next time you poo it hurts. Then, if you are a three year old, you repeat the process ad infinitum and drive me crazy. Don't do this.	[ "The small intestine is normally in length. As the Y-connection is moved further down the gastrointestinal tract, the amount available to fully absorb nutrients is progressively reduced, traded for greater effectiveness of the operation. The Y-connection is formed much closer to the lower (distal) end of the small ...
is lava sticky?	I can't answer if it's sticky, but you don't have to be sticky to be viscous. Just as one example gear oil is quite viscous without being sticky, it's especially thick when cold and since it's a lubricant is the definition of not sticky.	[ "Highly viscous lavas do not usually flow as liquid, and usually form explosive fragmental ash or tephra deposits. However, a degassed viscous lava or one which erupts somewhat hotter than usual may form a lava flow.\n", "Lava flows from stratovolcanoes are generally not a significant threat to humans and animals...
How common was wearing masks in renaissance Venice?	Venetian masks outside of carnival (which only lasted for the month before Lent) and theater/masquerade were not so much a thing in the Renaissance; according to James Johnson in Venice Incognito: Masks in the Serene Republic, the practice began among the male and female nobility in the late seventeenth century and s...	[ "Another tradition of European masks developed, more self-consciously, from court and civic events, or entertainments managed by guilds and co-fraternities. These grew out of the earlier revels and had become evident by the 15th century in places like Rome, and Venice, where they developed as entertainments to enli...
When alcohol is poured into a hot (for example almost boiling water) liquid does it vaporise? For example whiskey in an irish coffee or anything similar?	Yes, alcohol can vaporize. This fact is utilized in [distillation](_URL_1_) to separate alcohol from solution. You can see from this [phase diagram](_URL_0_) that the boiling point of a water/ethanol solution is lower than that of water alone. However, distillation relies on constant heat source - vaporization is an en...	[ "The final liquor is treated by blowing carbon dioxide through it. This precipitates dissolved calcium and other impurities. It also volatilizes the sulfide, which is carried off as HS gas. Any residual sulfide can be subsequently precipitated by adding zinc hydroxide. The liquor is separated from the precipitate a...
why are single-use straws so bad even if properly disposed of in a landfill?	The goal is to reduce the amount of trash; period. Single-use, disposable, common items are a total waste of resources and fill up dumps. Straws are especially heinous because they generally serve no real purpose. Unless you're physically disabled in some way, just drink from the cup. You also need to realize that a l...	[ "Microplastics pollution are a concern if plastic waste is improperly dumped. If plastic straws are improperly disposed of, they can be transported via water into soil ecosystems, and others, where they break down into smaller, more hazardous pieces than the original plastic straw.\n", "Plastic drinking straw pro...
How can some materials resist being dissolved by both polar and non-polar solvents?	While the chemical bonds in glass are slightly polar, the bonds that hold the atoms together are quite strong and also form a very large interconnected network. It's as if the whole piece of glass were one molecule. It's not possible to dissolve it simply by surrounding it with solvent molecules. You'd need a solvent ...	[ "The polarity, dipole moment, polarizability and hydrogen bonding of a solvent determines what type of compounds it is able to dissolve and with what other solvents or liquid compounds it is miscible. Generally, polar solvents dissolve polar compounds best and non-polar solvents dissolve non-polar compounds best: \...
why is there a lower limit to brightness on your smart phone. why can’t they make it so that you can keep on turning it down till your phone turns completely dark ?	Designer: Hey! Let's make it so the user can turn the brightness all the way down! Boss: Great idea. Are you volunteering to go sit your ass down in that chair, put on the headset, and spend the next 5 years fielding nothing but support calls from angry customers? Designer: But we'll have obvious ways to reset the br...	[ "A problem is that without the back light the screen looks very dark and it's hard to see the image, so the backlight must run continuously except when it's not necessary to look at the screen (for example, when using the console as an MP3 player).\n", "Other display technologies do not flicker noticeably, so the...
If carbon dioxide was once 20 times as prevalent in the atmosphere as it is now, why should we be concerned.	well, it's not that increasing carbon dioxide levels will destroy all life. If it spikes too quickly, it may cause a mass extinction of sorts. But life will still persist, and evolve into something different. The threat is that we will turn the earth into an environment where we can't survive. It's a threat to humani...	[ "On 12 November 2015, NASA scientists reported that human-made carbon dioxide (CO) continues to increase above levels not seen in hundreds of thousands of years: currently, about half of the carbon dioxide released from the burning of fossil fuels remains in the atmosphere and is not absorbed by vegetation and the ...
why does the clit exist?	All fetuses begin as female. To put it simply, the penis is technically an enlarged clitoris, and the clitoris could arguably be considered a small penis. Without the clitoris, there would be no penis.	[ "The clitoris ( or ) is a female sex organ present in mammals, ostriches and a limited number of other animals. In humans, the visible portion - the glans - is at the front junction of the labia minora (inner lips), above the opening of the urethra. Unlike the penis, the male homologue (equivalent) to the clitoris,...
whenever my phone is near my computer, every so often it will pick up some really weird frequency's and will play through my headphones.	Your headphones are speakers, and speakers sometimes pick up on nearby radio transmissions. You're cell phone has a transmitter which transmits radio waves to a cell tower.	[ "Some indications of possible cellphone surveillance occurring may include a mobile phone waking up unexpectedly, using a lot of the CPU when on idle or when not in use, hearing clicking or beeping sounds when conversations are occurring and the circuit board of the phone being warm despite the phone not being used...
why are 'news' networks such as hln and cnn allowed to air such biased opinions on such a large scale?	I'm from Europe, and if you think that the European media are free of bias, you're very much mistaken. Quite simply, there is no such thing as a medium that is not biased, because all human beings are, by nature, biased. The trouble is that as soon as you start making laws about what news media may or may not report, ...	[ "Some commentators have attacked CNN for the debate, calling it biased and poorly handled. Their accusations include claims that the final audience question was planted, that moderator Wolf Blitzer was overly favorable to Hillary Clinton, and that the use of James Carville, a long-time adviser to the Clintons, as a...
why don't rovers on other planets or satellites in space ever take true video?	Probably because videos take a relatively large amount of storage space compared to photos, and they would take very long periods of time to transmit. Seeing as how there's no real added value to a video versus a picture when nothing is moving, there's not a great reason to do it other than "because we can". "Because ...	[ "There are also rockets that record short digital videos. There are two widely used ones used on the market, both produced by Estes: the Astrovision and the Oracle. The Astrocam shoots 4 (advertised as 16, and shown when playing the video, but in real life 4) seconds of video, and can also take three consecutive di...
How did the people of Imperial Japan view their German allies in WW2 and vice versa?	I can't give a full answer but Imperial Japan was very strict on censorship. I'm pretty sure Mein Kampf was banned. Foreign influence, especially western influence was considered a bad thing. And at the same time Nazi Germany was at war with The USSR, Japan maintained a non aggression pact. This hurt Germany because it...	[ "American media portrayed the Japanese negatively as well. While attacks on Germans were generally focused on high-level Nazi officials such as Hitler, Himmler, Goebbels, and Göring, the Japanese were targeted more broadly. Portrayals of the Japanese ranged from showing them being vicious and feral, as on the cover...
Did the Allies have a plan B in case the invasion of Normandy failed?	Not to discourage other answers, but you might find these previous posts to be helpful: * [What was the back up plan if d-day failed?](_URL_1_) feat. /u/KroipyBill * [Was there a "Plan B" if D Day failed? Or was it simply going "All in"?](_URL_0_) feat. /u/Rittermeister They're both older answers, but the general co...	[ "The Allies staged elaborate deceptions for D-Day (see Operation Fortitude), giving the impression that the landings would be at Calais. Although Hitler himself expected a Normandy invasion for a while, Rommel and most Army commanders in France believed there would be two invasions, with the main invasion coming at...
Is there a limit to the amount of potential/kinetic energy an object can contain?	> I've always heard that as an object approaches the speed of light, the energy required to further approach that limit increases asymptotically to infinity. This is correct. There is no upper bound. The kinetic energy of a particle with mass m and speed v is: K = [1/sqrt(1 - (v/c)^(2)) - 1]mc^(2). I've plotted it...	[ "Equivalently, it may be thought of as the energy stored in the electric field. For instance, if one were to hold two like charges a certain distance away from one another and then release them, the charges would move away with kinetic energy equal to the energy stored in the configuration. As an analogy, if one we...
How do I choose what era to study in Grad School?	A great deal of the process of doing history - or "doing" any of the humanities - is the combination of distinct experiences and backgrounds in ways that yield unique perspective. You might find fertile ground by considering nineteenth-century British fixation on everything medieval - architecture, art, etc.This might ...	[ "Every year there are four major projects that each student will participate in. The first is the Faire, which is a school-wide reenactment of an historical age. These periods include the Renaissance, the Age of Enlightenment, the Victorian era, the Middle Ages, and recently the 20th century. During this time, each...
what does it mean to "rewire" your brain? is it possible? if so, how?	Wires are a common analogy for neurons, the main cells of your brain (and the rest of your nervous system.) It's a fair comparison: neurons are long and thin, rapidly conduct electricity to carry signals, and even have a coating of insulation. Neurons communicate with other neurons at points called synapses, where the...	[ "Another thing that concerns wiring and rewiring is the neurological phenomenon of synesthesia. There are over 60 known types of synesthesia. An example would be a synesthesiat hearing a sound and colors flooding their vision or someone reading a passage of words and each letter evokes a different color or a differ...
Are the recent Iranian and Chinese earthquakes related given both of their positions along the Indian Plate?	Ahh it's 2:35 AM but I love this topic so I'm going to give it a shot. Short answer: YES we think something is going on. I like the maps you linked, but I would like you to look at [this world map](_URL_1_) and this [map of the major tectonic plates](_URL_3_), bear in mind they are not aligned (i.e. North America i...	[ "The Indian subcontinent has a history of earthquakes. The reason for the intensity and high frequency of earthquakes is the Indian plate driving into Asia at a rate of approximately 47 mm/year. The following is a list of major earthquakes which have occurred in India, including those with epicentres outside India ...
what's a loan shark?	Someone who loans you money, usually with a very high interest rate, knowing that you won't be able to pay the money back. They then privately hound you for the money either threatening you or stealing your assets to repay the debt.	[ "A loan shark is a person who offers loans at extremely high interest rates, has strict terms of collection upon failure, and operates outside off the street (outside of local authority). The term usually refers to illegal activity, but may also refer to predatory lending with extremely high interest rates such as ...
is there a correlation between c-section babies and mental health later in life?	I don't think so. In the past, c-sections were used even if they weren't even necessary. It was a money maker. I do believe their are midwives who are trained in breach deliveries, also. Of course, without c-sections, there would be a higher mortality rate, but I really can't believe it could be linked to mental hea...	[ "Results from another recent study suggest that fetuses were able to form both short and long term memories. This conclusion was drawn from the fact that habituation rates (number of stimuli needed to habituate) were higher in babies in the neonatal stage that had not previously undergone fetal stimulations when co...
regarding death valley, why is being 86 m below sea level so much more extreme than being 86 m above it?	The elevation actually doesn't have anything to do with it being extreme. It's the giant mountain ranges to the west that block all the rainfall and its geographic location in an area of few clouds, a somewhat southern lattitude, and lots of sunshine that make it a hot, baked desert. Lots of death valley is 86 M and hi...	[ "Death Valley's Badwater Basin is the point of the lowest elevation in North America, at below sea level. This point is east-southeast of Mount Whitney, the highest point in the contiguous United States, with an elevation of 14,505 feet (4,421 m). On the afternoon of July 10, 1913, the United States Weather Bureau ...
why do i feel something touch me just before it actually does?	It's actually called chronostasis, and it involves your brain filling in the time before the event and thus making the event seem to happen after you perceive it. There is a lag between when you something happens and when your perceive it, but your brain tells you that things are happening simultaneously. EDIT: Link...	[ "\"Feel Something\" is a futurepop song written by Miller, Justin Tranter, Kennedi Lykken, and Mike Sabath and produced by Mike Sabath. Miller talked about the song: \"When you're experiencing pain of any kind, all you want is for it to go away. But weirdly that pain is kind of what makes you feel like a real perso...
why/how do different alcohols (beer, wine, spirits) cause different hangover effects?	The more distilled something is, the less the hangover hurts. The more sugar there is, the more the hangover hurts. Basically, the closer you get to pure alcohol, the less you will hurt the next day.	[ "Several studies have examined whether certain types of alcohol cause worse hangovers. All four studies concluded that darker liquors, which have higher congeners, produced worse hangovers. One even showed that hangovers were worse \"and\" more frequent with darker liquors. In a 2006 study, an average of 14 standar...
what is the science behind using a knife to cut things?	Blades take a small amount of force and concentrate it on a small area, which causes a large amount of pressure to break the surface. Then, the blade acts like a wedge, directing downward force outwards to drive the two halves apart.	[ "Implements commonly used for cutting are the knife and saw, or in medicine and science the scalpel and microtome. However, any sufficiently sharp object is capable of cutting if it has a hardness sufficiently larger than the object being cut, and if it is applied with sufficient force. Even liquids can be used to ...
why in 2014 is the ocean still such a mystery. we overcame obstacles to space travel 50+ years ago but can't figure out water.	We actually can do some pretty cool things in water. We get oil from miles below a surface that is miles below the waves, we explore at tremendous depths, and we lay cables that stretch the length of the oceans. It's true that there's still a lot left to do, and we certainly could do a lot more. But the reason we s...	[ "The underwater world is still mostly unknown. The main reason for it is the difficulty to gather information in situ, to experiment, and even to reach certain places. But the ocean nonetheless is of a crucial importance for scientists, as it covers about 71% of the planet.\n", "As space activity becomes increasi...
what is isis? what makes them such a threat? what is their history? why can't a continental superpower such as the united states just wipe them out?	ISIS drops the mic and said "Hey, we're setting up a Muslim only state. Ya know all that stuff in the Qur'an? We're doing it. Right here, right now. Come act on your religious devotion and help us setup." Remember that scene in LOTR where they light the beacons? It's like that. Muslims everywhere are like "oh ...	[ "ISIS was founded on a belief that scientists have an obligation to participate actively in solving major problems of national and international security. ISIS focuses primarily on four parts: 1) prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and related technology to other nations and terrorists, 2) lead to greater transpa...
What are the roots of anti-intellectualism in the United States? What is its history?	Awesome question. The classic answer can be found in Richard Hofstadter's 1963 book, Anti-Intellectualism in American Life. Hofstadter, who went on to win the 1964 Pulitzer Prize for non-fiction for the book, wrote: > "Anti-intellectualism . . . is founded in the democratic institutions and the egalitarian sentimen...	[ "Anti-intellectualism in American Life is a book by Richard Hofstadter published in 1963 that won the 1964 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction. In this book, Hofstadter set out to trace the social movements that altered the role of intellect in American society. In so doing, he explored questions regarding the p...
how in the heck is edward snowden "living" in the russian airport without being seen?	He's not in the standard passenger area. He is in a hotel at the airport and in some back/employee type areas of the airport.	[ "Edward Snowden's asylum in Russia is part of the aftermath from the global surveillance disclosures made by Edward Snowden. On June 23, 2013, Snowden flew from Hong Kong to Moscow's Sheremetyevo Airport. Noting that his U.S. passport had been cancelled, Russian authorities restricted him to the airport terminal. O...
in the us, why do nurses get paid considerably more than paramedics?	(As someone who is a paramedic, knows more than a few people that did the jump up to RN) Nurses have a lot more A & P and clinical knowledge than paramedics. Also relevant is the relative youth of EMS as a field. There are still people working who were around for when EMT and paramedic training became a standardized th...	[ "In the United Kingdom, there are two sources of supplementary nurses - nurse banks and nursing agencies. The former provides nurses paid on as \"hours as required\" basis and is often contracted to fill planned or unplanned shortfalls in staffing. Agency nurses, on the other hand, are employed through third-party ...
when you choke drinking water, does the water actually go down into your lungs? if yes, what happens to it next?	to add something with less detail and specifically about drinking water: if it's a small amount (such as a gulp while drinking), you'd normally have your cough reflex kick in and drive that water out. I'll persist as long as there's still enough water irritating down there, which can lead to instead of just one or two ...	[ "If water enters the airways of a conscious person, the person will try to cough up the water or swallow it, often inhaling more water involuntarily. When water enters the larynx or trachea, both conscious and unconscious persons experience laryngospasm, in which the vocal cords constrict, sealing the airway. This ...
do insects get food poisoning?	One reason insects react so differently to many toxins is because their digestive tract is alkaline in contrast to the acidic environment of the vertebrate intestines. A different pH may render some toxins less harmful and others more so. A common "food contaminant" for insects is Bacillus thuringiensis, a species of...	[ "Many insects are distasteful to predators and excrete irritants or secrete poisonous compounds that cause illness or death when ingested. Secondary metabolites obtained from plant food may also be sequestered by insects and used in the production of their own toxins. One of the more well-known examples of this is ...
how did japan successfully land two rovers on an asteroid	Math, lots and lots of complex math. You know its orbit, you know our orbit. Provide the right amount of thrust in the right direction.	[ "Following the approval of the asteroid sample-return project MUSES-C, a rover was proposed to be mounted on the asteroid explorer, and development of MINERVA began in 1997. Completed in February 2003, MINERVA was Japan's first space rover, and the first asteroid rover in the world.\n", "The first Japanese astero...
why do people listen to music with earbuds in while driving a vehicle that most likely has a stereo in it?	They could be listening to music from an audio player which can't connect to the car stereo (for example if the car doesn't have an aux input). Or they could just be using their headphones to talk to someone on the phone. And where I'm from it's very illegal.	[ "It can be used for personal audio, either to have sounds audible to only one person, or that which a group wants to listen to. The navigation instructions for example are only interesting for the driver in a car, not for the passengers. Another possibility are future applications for true stereo sound, where one e...
When classical music was published in the 18th century, how did the music circulate?	The only media available for the recording of classical music in 18th century was print, of course, and that business is essentially the same now, with a few minor changes. The printing of music parallels the printing of words, with the earliest examples being carved on wooden plates, then engraved on metal plates, whi...	[ "BULLET::::- Musical publishing and distribution methods were very lax in 18th century Europe, with manuscript versions of music being freely circulated. This could easily lead to confusion about authorship, and frequent misattribution.\n", "During the Medieval period the foundation was laid for the music notatio...
What did nomadic horse archers use to make their arrows?	Hi, this is not to discourage other answers but you might be interested in [this post](_URL_0_) by u/krishaperkins	[ "A horse archer is a cavalryman armed with a bow, able to shoot while riding from horseback. Archery has occasionally been used from the backs of other riding animals. In large open areas, it was a highly successful technique for hunting, for protecting the herds, and for war. It was a defining characteristic of th...
where does the "water" portion of beverages go when dumped down the drain?	It depends :) In a modern, civilised and industrialised region the water goes through pipes to a water treatment station. This water follows the same path as the water from the bathtub, kitchen sink or toilet. The treatment station tries to purify the water through several organic methods (plants, algae, etc..) and in...	[ "It is essentially a grate, which allows excess and waste liquids to be drained away, and either collected in a pan under the grate, or drained away through a hose that carries the waste water and tea to a bucket or other drain. \n", "Water is typically drawn from the pool via a rectangular aperture in the wall, ...
how are some people addicted to work?	Psychologists have linked it as a means of coping with depression/lonliness, satisfying a craving for competition, or simply greed. This is a case-by-case type of addiction.	[ "Addicts often believe that being in control of others is how to achieve success and happiness in life. People who follow this rule use it as a survival skill, having usually learned it in childhood. As long as they make the rules, no one can back them into a corner with their feelings.\n", "People who suffer fro...
How do calculators deal with imaginary numbers?	Complex numbers are operated on arithmetically exactly the same way as normal numbers. Your calculator just knows how to keep the two separate. There's really nothing special about the process, other than having the capability of storing different number types and understanding how to display them in an appropriate way...	[ "With some exceptions, most calculators do not operate on real numbers. Instead, they work with finite-precision approximations called floating-point numbers. In fact, most scientific computation uses floating-point arithmetic. Real numbers satisfy the usual rules of arithmetic, but floating-point numbers do not.\n...
given densities are well understood,what prevents geologists from predicting where minerals are,rather than prospecting?also since the heavy ,valuable metals sink,what prevents a rush to volcanic sites to mine these metals?	Because it's way, way more complicated than that. Rocks move. Yes, the heavier elements might sink lower as the lava cools, but cooling lava isn't the only way rocks are made. Sedimentary rocks don't really care about density, but the order things fell on them as they were formed. Even the igneous rocks will get shift...	[ "Peak minerals marks the point in time when the largest production of a mineral will occur in an area, with production declining in subsequent years. While most mineral resources will not be exhausted in the near future, global extraction and production is becoming more challenging. Miners have found ways over time...
Are there any historical precedents to a socialist/communist government before the 20th century??	Sorry, we don't allow [throughout history questions](_URL_0_). These tend to produce threads which are collections of trivia, not the in-depth discussions about a particular topic we're looking for. If you have a specific question about a historical event or period or person, please feel free to re-compose your quest...	[ "In the United Kingdom, the democratic socialist tradition was represented in particular by William Morris's Socialist League and in the 1880s by the Fabian Society and later the Independent Labour Party founded by Keir Hardie in the 1890s, of which writer George Orwell would later be a prominent member. In the ear...
how do professional songwriters write hit songs?	ask them r/music and related subs	[ "Songwriters can be employed to write either the lyrics or the music directly for or alongside a performing artist, or they present songs to A&R, publishers, agents and managers for consideration. Song pitching can be done on a songwriter's behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like \"RowFax\"...
Gorbachev and Dissolution of USSR	I will point you to this [answer](_URL_3_) I wrote on the role of Gorbachev in the dissolution of the USSR. In essence, Gorbachev, after becoming General Secretary of the Communist Party in 1985, undertook a series of structural political and economic reforms that unleashed forces that were ultimately outside of his co...	[ "On 8 December 1991, the presidents of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine formally dissolved the USSR, and then constituted the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Soviet President Gorbachev resigned on 25 December 1991; the next day, the Supreme Soviet dissolved itself, officially dissolving the USSR on 26 Decembe...
why do daily vitamins for seniors contain less or no iron?	Too much iron for people over 50 raises the occurrence of heart disease.	[ "It is designed for children 2 years of age and older. Flintstones Complete has a high supplementation of iron, iodine, vitamin D and vitamin E. Vitamin D is necessary for the maintenance and growth of bones in children. Vitamin D deficiency is a concern for infants, especially in the Northern Hemisphere. This is b...
Why did European firearms technology become superior to that of other continent's?	For a very good recent book on the subject I highly recommend The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West by Tonio Andrade. He sums up a lot of the information and theories available as far as china goes and concludes that the main cause does seem to be a relative lack of major wars. Ess...	[ "Central to the success of the Europeans was the use of firearms. However, the advantages afforded by firearms have often been overstated. Prior to the late 19th century, firearms were often cumbersome muzzle-loading, smooth-bore, single shot muskets with flint-lock mechanisms. Such weapons produced a low rate of f...
how does the wifi bridge work on my phone?	Hey that’s a neat feature! I’m not intimately familiar with the specifics of your phone, but I do have a fair knowledge of networks. What’s most likely going on is exactly the same process that 4G hotspot uses, but only involving wifi. Basically the laptop is connected to the phone via some means (hotspot wifi, Bluet...	[ "Bridge is an accessory to connect an Ethernet network to MoCA. It supports Ethernet (10/100/Gbit) and MoCA 2.0 (up to 450Mbit/s) connections. The Bridge is most often used to connect a whole-home TiVo DVR + Mini network to the household WAN/LAN router. It can also be used to add MoCA networking to TiVo DVRs that d...
why are fire extingushers placed in a glass case with a handle, yet in case of fire the glass has to be broken	Because some idiot would open it and play with it. Having to break the glass means that you're only going get the extinguisher if it's a real emergency	[ "Fire glass leaves no trace of ash, soot, grease or discernible odor when used as a medium. Flames produced using natural gas do not produce any smoke, produce less toxic gases and leave no trace of residual pollutants such as tar within the home. The combination is considered an eco-friendly burning solution. Addi...
how can encryption methods be open source?	It is a generally accepted security precept that "The enemy knows the system." That is, when you are designing an encryption algorithm (or any security measure) that you assume the enemy knows its design. You assume that, eventually, an adversary will get a hold of the algorithm and therefore A) you cannot rely on the ...	[ "Attribute-based encryption (ABE) can be used for log encryption. Instead of encrypting each part of a log with the keys of all recipients, it is possible to encrypt the log only with attributes which match recipients' attributes. This primitive can also be used for broadcast encryption in order to decrease the num...
Was Philippe Pétain unjustly criticized by the new French Republic?	It wasn't just about the fact that he had surrendered to the Germans that the French were pissed off about. Pétain and his government, shortly after the surrender, took a vote to reorganise the Third Republic into the French State, an authoritarian (and more importantly an extremely collaborationist) regime which is be...	[ "Philippe is best known for his role in the 2004 Haiti Rebellion which overthrew the government of Jean-Bertrand Aristide due to, in part, allegations of election fraud in the 2000 parliamentary elections and other issues. Philippe's involvement can be traced back to 2000 when he was forced to flee to the Dominican...
How come in Physics we can round off numbers willy nilly?	Someone asked a very similar question the other day and it got a lot of good answers, so I'd recommend you [read those answers](_URL_0_) (I linked directly to my favorite response). But here's my quick take on it. Numbers in math are ideal. If I ask you to solve the equation x^2 = 2, the answer is exactly sqrt(2), even...	[ "One early way of producing random numbers was by a variation of the same machines used to play keno or select lottery numbers. These mixed numbered ping-pong balls with blown air, perhaps combined with mechanical agitation, and used some method to withdraw balls from the mixing chamber (). This method gives reason...
Is Stephen Hawking still relevant?	His work on black hole thermodynamics and his effort to merge quantum mechanics and gravity, though maybe done more convincingly by Unruh, are still relevant and very important. He's a very bright man and, in addition to doing some very good research, dedicated his life to becoming one of the greatest public educator...	[ "Hawking achieved commercial success with several works of popular science in which he discusses his own theories and cosmology in general. His book \"A Brief History of Time\" appeared on the British \"Sunday Times\" best-seller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks. Hawking was a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS),...
what are the implications of america leaving the iran deal?	A lot of oil companies who were in the process of investing in Iran for production purposes won't be able to continue if the sanctions go back in. Iran will be free to restart progress toward its goal of making a nuclear weapon. Our allies in the deal will not be able to trust us to keep up our end of any new deal t...	[ "On 8 May 2018 the United States officially withdrew from the agreement after Trump signed a Presidential Memorandum ordering the reinstatement of harsher sanctions. In his May 8 speech Trump called the Iran deal \"horrible\" and said the United States would \"work with our allies to find a real, comprehensive, and...
how was gamma radiation discovered to be a photon, not neutron?	The Gamma ray was discovered by Rutherford in 1900 when studying radioactive elements. It was indeed neutral, but was reflected by crystalline matter, while a neutron would be absorbed by the barrier.	[ "Photon radiation is called gamma rays if produced by a nuclear reaction, subatomic particle decay, or radioactive decay within the nucleus. It is otherwise called x-rays if produced outside the nucleus. The generic term photon is therefore used to describe both.\n", "Gamma (γ) radiation consists of photons with ...
Could anything man-made trigger the Yellowstone super volcano?	All these answers assume there is eruptable magma down there currently anyway. While there is certainly magma, we don't know what the connectivity of it is like, the viscosity, or the internal pressure.	[ "Supervolcano is a 2005 British-Canadian disaster television film that originally aired on 13 March 2005 on BBC One, and released by the BBC on 10 April 2005 on the Discovery Channel. It is centered on the speculated and potential eruption of the volcanic caldera of Yellowstone National Park. Its tagline is \"Scien...

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