Split (2)

train · 226k rows

question stringlengths 3 301	answer stringlengths 9 26.1k	context list
How would a supermassive black hole be "kicked out" of its own home galaxy?	No astrophysicist here, but i think "kicked out" may be a misleading term. Usually when two galaxies collide, their stars get flung out into space or have their orbits drastically changed. Take a look at [this](_URL_0_) animation of galixies colliding. They were both of relatively equal size so they both end up with a ...	[ "On September 10, 2012, using Hubble Space Telescope's Wide Field Camera 3, scientists found out that there was no supermassive black hole present in the center. This may be the likely cause of its diffuse and large core, but it contradicts modern galactic evolutionary theories. A huge cD galaxy like A2261-BCG woul...
why does the space shuttle have to exit earths trajectory on an angle as opposed to just shooting straight up and away?	Orbit is just the concept of falling back to Earth while moving quickly enough that you miss the planet on your way down. If you go straight up, you come straight down. If you go up and roll onto your back and leave at an angle, you fall back down, but miss and just keep falling and falling and falling all the way arou...	[ "The vehicle began re-entry by firing the Orbital maneuvering system engines, while flying upside down, backside first, in the opposite direction to orbital motion for approximately three minutes, which reduced the Shuttle's velocity by about . The resultant slowing of the Shuttle lowered its orbital perigee down i...
how do domestic animals choose a favorite person? how do they show that favoritism?	Animals have personalities just like humans. When you hang out with your friends you like your friends because you share similar interests and traits, like you like sports and tag, or you just happen to be around each other a lot and get into trouble. Our furry friends are the same way, often a cat will like a mellow ...	[ "Certain animal species, and certain individuals within those species, make better candidates for domestication than others because they exhibit certain behavioral characteristics: (1) the size and organization of their social structure; (2) the availability and the degree of selectivity in their choice of mates; (...
How could the universe the "the size of a marble" at the very beginning, but still be infinitely large in size?	You are correct: > When scientists describe the early universe being such-and-such a size and shape, are they referring to what we now know as the observable universe (the 13.8 billion light year radius sphere centered on the Earth)? However, present size is actually 46 Gly, because space continued to expand after ...	[ "Archimedes then concluded that the diameter of the Universe was no more than 10 stadia (in modern units, about 2 light years), and that it would require no more than 10 grains of sand to fill it. With these measurements, each grain of sand in Archimedes's thought-experiment would have been approximately 19µm (0.01...
Why isn't electromagnetism considered two forces, making five fundamental forces of nature?	No, they're part of the same interaction. Maxwell's Equations make it clear that electric and magnetic forces are two aspects of the same interaction. A varying electric field induces a magnetic field and vice versa. The forces that a charged particle experiences due to electric and magnetic field can be considered col...	[ "The fundamental theories for forces developed from the unification of different ideas. For example, Sir. Isaac Newton unified, with his universal theory of gravitation, the force responsible for objects falling near the surface of the Earth with the force responsible for the falling of celestial bodies about the E...
why are rechargeable batteries a lower voltage than throwaway versions?	Simply put Each type of battery relies on a different chemical reaction, which will have a different characteristic voltage More information here _URL_1_ _URL_0_	[ "The problem is, the magnitude of \"delta-V\" can become very small or even non-existent if (very) high capacity rechargeable batteries are recharged. This can cause even an intelligent battery charger to not sense that the batteries are actually already fully charged, and to continue charging. Overcharging of the ...
What are some ways animals have adapted to humans and civilization?	Not sure if you had anything particular in mind OP, but: - The most obvious example is domestication. Certain species of animals (and plants for that matter) have been radically changed by our hand. - Some animals have learned to exist in cities and exploit our waste as a new food source. Pigeons are really good at ...	[ "Animals often portray many similar characteristics displayed by humans. There looms large belief that while both humans and animals evolve simultaneously, domesticated animals have benefitted the most from human-animal relationships because they have increased in population much further than they ever would have i...
Looking to expand my knowledge on Middle-Ages British military history, and I have a few questions	Here are some books you might try for Cnut the Great: Forte, A., et al. (2005), Viking Empires (1st ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-82992-5 Frank, R. (1999), King Cnut in the verse of his skalds. In The Reign of Cnut, London: Leicester University Press, ISBN 0-7185-0205-1 Lawson, M. K. (2004)...	[ "Sir Charles William Chadwick Oman, (12 January 1860 – 23 June 1946) was a British military historian. His reconstructions of medieval battles from the fragmentary and distorted accounts left by chroniclers were pioneering. Occasionally his interpretations have been challenged, especially his widely copied thesis t...
why, after both being irradiated by nuclear bombs, are hiroshima and nagasaki densely populated?	Nuclear weapons are actually relatively clean. Because of the incredibly fast chain reaction that causes the explosion, fuel tends to be completely used up, or not used at all. Bombs don't leave that many byproducts around to cause radioactivity over the long term -- they cause all of their radiation very quickly. T...	[ "For 12 months prior to the nuclear attack, Nagasaki had experienced five small-scale air attacks by an aggregate of 136 U.S. planes which dropped a total of 270 tons of high explosive, 53 tons of incendiary, and 20 tons of fragmentation bombs. Of these, a raid of August 1, 1945, was most effective, with a few of t...
How indicative is this study towards suggesting that GMOs utilizing Bt toxin may be harmful to humans?	I asked [David Tribe](_URL_0_) for information on this study when I first saw it posted on reddit a few weeks ago, and got sent this fairly in-depth response: ---- Background information: A) They used spore/crystals from modified Bt strains, rather than isolated protein. As per Schnepf, 2012a, such sporulating cul...	[ "The U.S. National Institutes of Health report that BHA is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. In particular, when administered in high doses as part of their diet, BHA causes papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the forestomach in rats...
breast cancer	It's not special. But it is common. Here are two graphics that show the relative frequencies of cancer types in [females](_URL_0_) and [males](_URL_1_). There is no scientific reason why breast cancer should get more exposure than the other types, but there are a number of reasons why people are more inclined to donate...	[ "Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, a newly-inverted nipple, or a red or scaly patch of skin. In those with distant spread of the disease, there may be bone p...
What was the primary cause of US tank casualties in the Pacific Theater in WWII?	The types of large-scale studies conducted to measure tank casualties by cause and number in the European and Mediterranean theaters don't seem to have been repeated for the Pacific. Since the Japanese did not field large numbers of tanks capable of challenging the M3 Lee or M4 Sherman, losses to them were relatively ...	[ "During World War II, two Richfield Oil tanks were bombarded by the Japanese on February 23, 1942 in an attack on the Ellwood oil field, which is west of the city of Santa Barbara in California. This attack by the Japanese submarine I-17 was the first attack on continental America during the war.\n", "More tank e...
Are there records of soldiers misfiring on purpose/resisting to kill in melee combat in the pre-gunpowder-era?	I studied psychology and business in school so I'm not an expert on anything history related but you should know that SLA Marshall and Dave Grossman are not considered credible and Grossman's "only sheepdogs and sociopaths are likely to kill" theory doesn't hold up- there's mountains of evidence that most normal people...	[ "On 18 December 1834, the conflict came to a head at Rathcormac, County Cork, when armed Constabulary reinforced by the regular British Army killed twelve and wounded forty-two during several hours of fighting when trying to enforce a tithe order reputedly to the value of 40 shillings.\n", "Historian Guy Beiner h...
A question regarding Down Syndrome ...	I don't see how. I'm no expert in genetics, but my sister has down-syndrome. What it is is a mutation with Chromosome 21, called trisomy 21 appropriately because instead of a normal pair of chromosomes, there are three. The result is a laundry list of genetic defects including stunted growth, lower life expectancy, me...	[ "BULLET::::- In a small percentage of cases, Down syndrome is caused by a rearrangement of chromosomal material between chromosome 21 and another chromosome. As a result, a person has the usual two copies of chromosome 21, plus extra material from chromosome 21 attached to another chromosome. These cases are called...
Can an object look as if it's travelling faster than light if it's heading toward you at near the speed of light?	The alien spaceship would appear stretched out over the distance of roughly 18 light minutes when it is at 2 light minutes away, and the stretched out spaceship would appear to be traveling at 90% the speed of light. Edit: Actually, scratch that. It seems there is more at work then just the stretching as moving clos...	[ "According to simple emission theory, light thrown off by an object should move at a speed of formula_1 with respect to the emitting object. If there are no complicating dragging effects, the light would then be expected to move at this same speed until it eventually reached an observer. For an object moving direct...
what are the vault 7 leaks?	Allegedly there were tools and documents, including malware (trojans and the like), RATs, methods of hacking and controlling people's phones, SMART TVs, computers, and other devices that relay through a network (possibly Alexa, Siri, Cortana, etc.) that were used by the CIA and shared with NSA, that were leaked to form...	[ "The storage of off-site data is also known as vaulting, as backups are stored in purpose-built vaults. There are no generally recognized standards for the type of structure which constitutes a vault. That said, commercial vaults typically fit into three categories:\n", "The treasure ends up not being buried unde...
why did most aircraft in world war 2 have a taildragger landing gear assembly, but the modern aircraft have a tricycle gear assembly?	You have less aerodynamic drag with just two wheels. Most airfields were big big circles and there was gras only, you could always start and land towards the wind. With concrete runways, retractable landing gears and higher take off and landing velocities it was more important to control the airplane on the ground. Y...	[ "Tricycle gear aircraft are easier to land because the attitude required to land on the main gear is the same as that required in the flare, and they are less vulnerable to crosswinds. As a result, the majority of modern aircraft are fitted with tricycle gear. Almost all jet-powered aircraft have been fitted with t...
if i was dropped into the world 200 years in the past, as a modern american with all required vaccinations, what diseases will i be immune to? which ones will i be more vulnerable to?	I'm pretty sure smallpox, tuberculosis, influenza and bubonic plague would still be rampant. Polio, though, you'd be good to go.	[ "The World Health Organization (WHO) estimate that vaccination averts 2–3 million deaths per year (in all age groups), and up to 1.5 million children die each year due to diseases that could have been prevented by vaccination. They estimate that 29% of deaths of children under five years old in 2013 were vaccine pr...
I am traveling to Rome this summer; any overlooked historical sites I should check out?	The Basilica of San Clemente near the Coliseum is one of the coolest places I have ever been in my life. On street level there is a 12th (?) century church. It was built on top of a 4th century basilica, which was built on top of 1st century Roman houses (IIRC). _URL_0_ If you make it out of Rome I'd also highly r...	[ "The Dark Rome Tours website describes all of the current tours in detail, and also allows people who have been on the tours to upload reviews. In 2013, the website was included in \"The Daily Mail's\" list of best websites for those planning trips to Italy.\n", "Dark Rome Tours is a tour company which offers gui...
The explosive yield of neutron star matter.	> Well, neutron star matter is obviously not stable. This is not obvious and I wish people would stop saying it was. Because we don't know the equation of state of the neutron star we can't comment on the stability at different scales. Neutron star matter, what ever it is, is incredibly stable on the scale of 10 km. ...	[ "Neutron stars that can be observed are very hot and typically have a surface temperature of around . They are so dense that a normal-sized matchbox containing neutron-star material would have a weight of approximately 3 billion metric tons, the same weight as a 0.5 cubic kilometre chunk of the Earth (a cube with e...
what does "dismissing without prejudice" mean in regards to a judge or labor grievance decision?	You are free to bring it before a court or panel again and have the case heard on a clean slate. Nothing from the first case that could bias the second will be able to be admitted.	[ "The court stopped short of saying that a court \"must\" assume discrimination where a nondiscriminatory reason is shown to be false. The trier of fact may reasonably find for the employer where the plaintiff makes only a weak showing of evidence as to the untruth of the employer's defense, or where there is ample ...
How were words created and who created them (read box as I can't figure out how else to word this)?	Apologies, but we have had to remove your submission. We ask that questions in this subreddit be limited to those asking about history, or for historical answers. This is not a judgement of your question, but to receive the answer you are looking for, it would be better suited to /r/AskAnthropology. If you are interes...	[ "Words are made by combining different symbols in different ways. For example if you put a dot inside a circle it will represent today, or if you put a fish in a ring shape it will be a fisherman. There an around 80 words that are official according to Yukio Ota. Words can be created as long as they follow the basi...
How can Marie Curie's notebooks still be radioactive?	Radioactive half-lives can be short or quite long, anything from sub-nanosecond to longer than the age of the universe. It all depends on the properties of the parent and daughter isotope. If Curie's notes are contaminated with radium-226, that has a 1600 year half life and so very little of the contaminant has decay...	[ "Because of their levels of radioactive contamination, her papers from the 1890s are considered too dangerous to handle. Even her cookbook is highly radioactive. Her papers are kept in lead-lined boxes, and those who wish to consult them must wear protective clothing. In her last year, she worked on a book, \"Radio...
What causes the "tip of the tongue" feeling?	An interesting little side fact to this: Many languages use some variation on "tip of the tongue" to describe the phenomenon, even languages that developed separately. I believe Wikipedia has a list of some of the sayings and their English approximations.	[ "People experiencing the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can often recall one or more features of the target word, such as the first letter, its syllabic stress, and words similar in sound and/or meaning. Individuals report a feeling of being seized by the state, feeling something like mild anguish while searching for...
What is the principle behind the effect that causes our voice to carry over water?	The issue is due to refraction, but not from the water, it is instead due to the temperature gradient of the air. In the day time, the sun heats the ground causing the air close to the ground to become wamr. As one moves up, away from the ground, the air becomes cooler. As sound waves move from warm to cool air, it slo...	[ "The process of talking underwater is influenced by the internal geometry of the life support equipment and constraints on the communications systems as well as the physical and physiological influences of the environment on the processes of speaking and vocal sound production. The use of breathing gases under pres...
why does powdered sugar taste so different from regular sugar? if they are chemically/molecularly the same, shouldn't they taste the same?	Powder Sugar has small a amount of cornstarch in it. Why it tastes different. Well steak in a blender tastes different than steak on a plate.	[ "Sugar is a very versatile ingredient and is used in many of food and products we consume every single day. What makes sugar different is the way it interacts with the other ingredients and systems within the food as well as how it is treated. When it is heated enough to break the molecules apart, it generates a co...
What were the reforms of Peter the Great and how did they impact Russia?	Well there were several reforms made by Peter the Great upon his ascension to the throne, so I'm going to divide them into some subcategories and go from there. Military Reforms * He created the Russian Imperial Navy. Prior to Peters reign there had been no naval force as the Tsardom of Russia had no direct acce...	[ "As a result of the reforms under Peter the Great, Russia managed to take a good standing among the European states. It became a powerful nation with an effective economy, strong fleet and army, and well developed science and culture. Unfortunately, all of the reforms occurred through violence, through suffering of...
If the color orange is associated with the Netherlands, why doesn't it appear on their national flag?	When talking about the Dutch national flag throughout history there are three flags that have found wide use. * [De Prinsenvlag; The Prince's Flag](_URL_0_) * [De Statenvlag; The State's Flag](_URL_1_) (It was called de Hollandsche vlag; The Hollandic, flag prior to 1664.) * [The Modern Dutch Flag.](_URL_3_) This one ...	[ "Orange is a common colour in South African heraldry, because of the history of South Africa as a Dutch colony, and the fact that royal house of the Netherlands is the House of Orange. The Dutch Prince's Flag was an orange white and blue tricolour, and this was the basis of the flags of the Orange Free State (1857-...
matched betting.	The idea is that you take advantage of offers such as sign-up offers (Free £10 bet when you deposit and bet £10 for example). You place a bet with a bookie, and then you bet against that result at an exchange. If the odds between backing and laying (betting against the result) are very close, then you make a small los...	[ "Matched betting manually is where the individual finds the offers, markets and odds themselves and also makes the relevant calculations. Matching the right odds can be time consuming and may require a high level of numeracy and betting knowledge. Where there is a potential for loss this is more akin to advantage p...
How was the so-called Standard Model codified? Was it laid out by a single paper, or at a conference, or did it happen by gradual consensus?	For the electroweak part of the Standard Model, in 1961 Glashow first put together its basic form, but it wasn't complete until Weinberg and Salam incorporated Higgs mechanism in 1967. Z-boson exchange was observed in 1973, consistent with this model, and by around 1975 papers started to include wording like "The Weinb...	[ "Standard Model is the title of an exhibition held between 1 October and 25 October 2009 at the Nordin Gallery, Stockholm. The exhibition was made in collaboration between Swedish artist Karl Tuikkanen and London based Australian artist David Brazier and represents the first physical manifestation of their artistic...
Why was the USSR concerned about the spread of communism during the Cold War, but China (also communist) wasn't?	How do you mean? China was interested. Its participation in the korean war basically saved the northern regime. Could you please expand on your question? 谢谢！I believe the answer you're looking for has to do with the Sino-soviet split, but I am not sure.	[ "After World War II, the Soviets ensured that communists loyal to Moscow took power in the countries it occupied. The Soviets retained troops throughout these territories. The Cold War saw these states, bound together by the Warsaw Pact, have continuing tensions with the capitalist west, bound together by NATO. The...
The James Webb Space Telescope, what is the current status of this project in terms of progress/stage of development and funding? Also what is the estimated time until deployment?	The JWST project seems to be going forward well at the moment and is aiming for launch 2018 according to the latest budget. For the project to succeed it will need continued support from NASA. NASA budget is evaluated in US congress every year and this means that the project could be cancelled. As for the parts contr...	[ "The fifth report, \"Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium\", was released in 2001. It gives highest priority to the construction and launch of Next Generation Space Telescope, now the James Webb Space Telescope with launch planned for 2021. The report reaffirms the 1991 recommendation for the completion...
If I'm running next to a speeding bullet, and we're both travelling at the same speed, would the bullet harm my hand if I were to hit bullet? Would it harm me if I were to extend my arm in front of the bullet, and slow down ever so slightly, allowing the bullet to touch me?	Well, it might be hot enough to give you a bit of a burn. But it won't injure you like a bullet normally would. You could even pick it out of the air with your fingers and put it in your pocket. Of course, if you were actually running at that speed, the air itself would kill you, rendering other hypothetical questions...	[ "BULLET::::- 20 km/h – when approaching and passing a school bus that has stopped on either side of the road to pick up or set down passengers. This speed limit applies to traffic travelling in both directions. Also applies when passing an accident scene.\n", "BULLET::::- Fingers: If the width of a human finger i...
Is there a way to measure the "size" of space-time?	Short version: all of spacetime has infinite volume. Longer version.... You are asking about how to calculate the hypervolume of spacetime, which is a 4-dimensional manifold. Putting issues of how to define such volumes in a coordinate-independent way aside, the only interesting spacetimes are non-compact. A compac...	[ "Another motivation to the scale-space concept originates from the process of performing a physical measurement on real-world data. In order to extract any information from a measurement process, one has to apply \"operators of non-infinitesimal size\" to the data. In many branches of computer science and applied m...
Why is the set of real numbers between 0 and 1 uncountable, but not the set of all integers?	> I don't see why this is true because I can list them as follows. > 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 0.01, 0.11, 0.21, 0.31... This enumeration will never reach any real number that has a non-terminating decimal expansion. For example, 1/3 or 0.333...(repeating). > But you can also do this w...	[ "It has been conjectured that there are only a finite number of numbers with only digits in the 2-9 interval whose multiplicative digital root is not 0; the largest of these is 77,333,222,222,222,222,222,222,222,222,222,222,222,222,222 (44 digits.)\n", "Some proofs that 0.999... = 1 rely on the Archimedean proper...
if i'm caught by police committing a crime but have zero id on me, and refuse to give my name, what happens next?	> Can they put a nameless person in jail? Yes. You can be found guilty of a crime even if they don't know your name. Further, if you go to court and refuse to identify yourself, the judge can find you in contempt of court, and have you jailed indefinitely, until you finally choose to identify yourself. Contempt ...	[ "When a criminal fraudulently identifies themselves to police as another individual at the point of arrest, it is sometimes referred to as \"Criminal Identity Theft.\" In some cases, criminals have previously obtained state-issued identity documents using credentials stolen from others, or have simply presented a f...
Does an oil's smoke point affect baking as well as frying?	This page gives a good run down of the typical surface and interior temperatures for baking bread. Cakes will be not too far off although maybe a little cooler due to the additional liquid content. Smaller drier items like cookies will be hotter. Roughly surface temperature will be about 10 to 20% cooler than the oven ...	[ "The smoke point of cooking oils varies generally in association with how oil is refined: a higher smoke point results from removal of impurities and free fatty acids. Residual solvent remaining from the refining process may decrease the smoke point. It has been reported to increase with the inclusion of antioxidan...
why does running sometimes make you nauseous?	It activates your sympathetic nervous system (activates squelettal muscles, dialates pupils and bronchioles) while supressing your parasympathetic nervous system (supresses digestive system, among otuer things). While you run this system change also changes where the blood flow is prioritized. So prioritize your musc...	[ "Running is an effective way to reduce stress, anxiety, depression, and tension. It helps people who struggle with seasonal affective disorder by being more outside running when it's sunny and warm. Running can improve mental alertness and also improve sleep which is needed for good mental health. Both research and...
is natural selection in plants a thing? if so, are there common ancestors for trees or grasses or flowers, etc.?	Absolutely. Not only are there common ancestors for plants, but all living things share a common ancestor. At some points, all of the various kingdoms of life diverged from the same organism.	[ "Inheritance in plants follows the same fundamental principles of genetics as in other multicellular organisms. Gregor Mendel discovered the genetic laws of inheritance by studying inherited traits such as shape in \"Pisum sativum\" (peas). What Mendel learned from studying plants has had far reaching benefits outs...
why the comcast/tw merger is bad for users	Here's a good quick explaination along with a graph of it. There is growing concern over the power that these companies have. This merger gives Comcast control over more than half the cable subscribers in the country. This means they have more power to control rates and you have less power to approve/disapprove of c...	[ "The merger of Comcast and Time Warner Cable was widely opposed due to concerns over its impact on the overall market. It was argued that the sheer size of the combined company would reduce competition, would give Comcast an unprecedented level of control over the United States' internet and television industries. ...
can you connect to the internet without going through an isp?	With sufficient funds and contacts, sure. However, it would essentially lead to you running an ISP yourself with only one customer. It would not lead to unlimited speeds, because there is a limit to how fast a link other ISPs would be interested in giving you. Your network still needs to be linked to the other networks...	[ "Internet users obtain Internet access through an Internet service provider (ISP). All data transmitted to and from users must pass through the ISP. Thus, an ISP has the potential to observe users' activities on the Internet.\n", "The Non-classified Internet Protocol (IP) Router Network (NIPRNet) is an IP network...
how did neanderthals communicate?	The truth is, we simply Don't Know. From bones (Hyoid and other throat structures, as well as facial features) we can tell that Neanderthal was capable of some forms of verbal communications, allow how that figured into their culture and language or lack thereof is still unknown to us. Realistically, we CAN'T and WON'T...	[ "Most specialists credit the Neanderthals with speech abilities not radically different from those of modern \"Homo sapiens\". An indirect line of argument is that their tool-making and hunting tactics would have been difficult to learn or execute without some kind of speech. A recent extraction of DNA from Neander...
what's at the bottom of quicksand?	Either an underground spring or non permeable soil. If you are thinking about the wet kind.	[ "\"Mud flows\" (\"lahars\") are remobilized hydrated ash deposits from pyroclastic flows and ash fall deposits, moving downslope even at very shallow angles at high speed. Because of their high density they are capable of moving large objects such as loaded logging trucks, houses, bridges, and boulders. Their depos...
Why is the estimated time for copying/downloading/uploading files always so erratic?	Some do (use the instantaneous rate), some don't. It's really up to the program, and many programmers either don't have the background in math and engineering necessary to write a better algorithm, or simple don't care. The reason why the instantaneous rate varies so much is that it depends both on the throughput to t...	[ "A file's modification time describes when the content of the file most recently changed. Because most file systems do not compare data written to a file with what is already there, if a program overwrites part of a file with the same data as previously existed in that location, the modification time will be update...
What is the difference between a thermal camera and a nightvision camera? Both picture the IR-Spectrum, is it the same?	A thermal camera will show the IR spectrum, but there are also low light cameras that are showing regular light we can't usually detect. Both usually use a greyscale colourscheme, but one will show you something like what we will normally see the other will show you heat. [like this](_URL_0_)	[ "Thermal imaging cameras are excellent tools for night vision. They detect thermal radiation and do not need a source of illumination. They produce an image in the darkest of nights and can see through light fog, rain and smoke (to a certain extent). Thermal imaging cameras make small temperature differences visibl...
math! if something has a one-in-a-million chance, how likely is it to happen at least once in a million chances?	The basic idea is to take the chance of it NOT happening x times in a row, and subtract it from 1. The chance of it not happening is 999,999/1,000,000. So the chance of it happening in 1,000,000 tries is 1 - (999,999 / 1,000,000)^1,000,000 = 0.63. There's a 63% chance it will happen in 1,000,000 tries.	[ "When the probability that the event will not happen is greater than the probability that it will, then the odds are \"against\" that event happening. Odds of 6 to 1, for example, are therefore sometimes said to be \"6 to 1 \"against\"\". To a gambler, \"odds against\" means that the amount he or she will win is gr...
if a presidential candidate was born in a state before it was a part of the u.s. but it is now, would they be eligible to run?	Literally ANYONE can run for president. It's getting sworn into office where the laws apply.	[ "Some presidential candidates were not born in a U.S. state or lacked two U.S.-citizen parents. In addition, one U.S. vice president (Al Gore) was born in Washington, D.C. and another (Charles Curtis) was born in the Kansas Territory. This does not necessarily mean that these officeholders or candidates were inelig...
The concept of camouflage seems pretty self-evident: wear things that make you harder to see, avoid getting seen/killed. Why were soldiers wearing bright red uniforms into combat up until the Revolutionary War?	Well, they were using [line infantry tactics](_URL_0_), which requires large amounts of men. It was basically a "safety in numbers" strategy: if you have enough guys, a charge of cavalry or another line of infantry won't do much because just by sheer number of bullets, you can cut many of them down before they get to y...	[ "Military camouflage is the use of camouflage by a armed force to protect personnel and equipment from observation by enemy forces. In practice, this means applying colour and materials to military equipment of all kinds, including vehicles, ships, aircraft, gun positions and battledress, either to conceal it from ...
Did the United States use biological warfare in the Korean War?	No they did not. It was a propaganda campaign, which Chinese, North Korean, and Soviet officials concocted. The confessions that US soldiers gave only came after they were tortured by Chinese and DPRK interrogators. You can read the exact details in this summary of recent evidence on the [Wilson Center](_URL_0_) webpa...	[ "From the end of World War II through the Korean War, the U.S. Army, the Chemical Corps and the U.S. Air Force made great strides in their biological warfare programs, especially concerning delivery systems. During the Korean War (1950–53) chemical soldiers had to again man the 4.2 inch chemical mortar for smoke an...
How were Asian-Americans able to overcome institutional discrimination to become the "model minority"?	I don't have time to give a proper answer, but I would be careful to keep current Asian "model minority" separate from the historical 19th century wave of immigrants. Most were poor and uneducated, and did face severe discrimination. Many states in the west had systems of school segregation similar to the South. Accor...	[ "The model minority theory disregards the fact that Asian Americans at the time were also marginalized and racially segregated in America thus they also represented lower economic levels and faced many social issues just as other racial and ethnic minorities. The possible reasons as to why Asian Americans were used...
Does a spinning magnet in space eventually stop spinning?	You're correct. It would take quite a long time, but yes.	[ "If the center of gravity of the airplane is behind the aft limit approved for spinning, any spin may prove unrecoverable except by using some special spin-recovery device such as a spin-recovery parachute specially installed in the tail of the airplane; or by jettisoning specially installed ballast at the tail of ...
Multiple batteries	If you connect your batteries in a series (bottom) new voltage is number of batteries times voltage of a single battery, if you connect them parallel (top) voltage stays the same but capacity increases. _URL_0_	[ "A battery is a set of galvanic cells that are connected together to form a single source of voltage. For instance, a typical 12V lead–acid battery has six galvanic cells connected in series with the anodes composed of lead and cathodes composed of lead dioxide, both immersed in sulfuric acid. Large battery rooms, ...
Why did the US American establishment and middle class invert it's attitude towards racism?	First, I would like to address the idea that the cause of the victories of the Civil Rights Movement might be attributable to any outside, international force: the root causes of the Civil Rights Movement are deeply internal, with complex, interrelated strains stretching back to Black veterans returning from World War ...	[ "Racism in the United States has existed since the colonial era, when white Americans were given legally or socially sanctioned privileges and rights while these same rights were denied to other races and minorities. European Americans — particularly affluent white Anglo-Saxon Protestants — enjoyed exclusive privil...
Vikings are known for their ships, but where did their shipbuilding techniques come from?	In the time before the viking age the sail was not yet common in Scandinavia. The ships were rowed, such as the [Hjortspring boat](_URL_4_) from 300 or so BC. A bit younger an more similar boat is the [Nydam boat](_URL_5_) from about 315. It's the oldest known "[Clinker-built](_URL_2_)" ship. This is a technique deve...	[ "Since the discovery of the original longships in the 1800s, many boat builders have built Viking ship replicas. However, most have not been able to resist the temptation to use more modern techniques and tools in the construction process. In 1892–93, a full-size near-replica of the Gokstad ship, the Viking, was bu...
why is the technology of digital cameras limited to the exact problems as we did with film cameras? (iso, shutter speed, etc	They aren't "problems". They are configuration settings according to which you can get pretty much whatever outcome you desire. I guess the answer to your question is: because cameras aren't mind-readers. Yet.	[ "Compared to film, digital cameras are capable of much higher speed (sensitivity to light) and can perform better in low light or very short exposures. The effective speed of a digital camera can be adjusted at any time, while the film must be changed in a film to change the speed.\n", "Consequently, some comprom...
Would a honey bee be able to escape Earth's gravity?	No. There was an intersting [study](_URL_1_) a while back demonstrating that bees can fly in extremely thin air, but there's a limit. A bee could never fly above the troposphere. The reason is that the air becomes [too thin](_URL_0_), so the bee's wings cannot produce enough lift to overcome the bee's weight. At this ...	[ "Western honey bees are often described as being essential to all human food production, leading to claims that without their pollination, all of humanity would starve, or even die out. Einstein is sometimes misquoted as saying \"If bees disappeared off the face of the earth, man would only have four years left to ...
How did we know the gravity on the moon's surface before we landed on it? What if it was much denser than anticipated and the lander didn't have enough fuel to reach exit velocity?	The orbit of the moon is exactly how to do it, and adding other knowledge about the mass of the Earth from measurements you can make here. There are other approaches taken in history, though, like comparing the tides caused by the Moon and the Sun to their respective distances to get at the mass of one in terms of the ...	[ "The photographs returned from the probe found that the Moon was most likely \"very craggy and rocky with debris everywhere\". After speaking to the media, NASA officials were peppered with the obvious question – did the Moon have a surface solid enough that humans could safely land on it? Geologist Gerard Kuiper r...
How come some historians consider Emperor Tiberius to be successful and competent, but Suetonius paints a different picture?	Suetonius is a difficult source. He had access to the Julian archives and can sometimes produce evidence drawn from wills, letters, and other sorts of documents, but he's also a terrible gossip. How did he know what kinds of sexual exploits Tiberius got up to on Capri? He doesn't mention any source for that. He pro...	[ "Despite the lurid tales, modern history looks upon Tiberius as a successful and competent emperor who at his death left the state treasury much richer than when his reign began. Thus Suetonius' treatment of the character of Tiberius, like Claudius, must be taken with a pinch of salt.\n", "Nonetheless, the image ...
Did Patton have any plans ahead of time to invade Russia if Truman said yes? What did it involve?	Hello! I quickly flipped through my copy of Carlo D'Este's Patton: A Genius For War (probably the most detailed biography of Patton in existence) and found nothing about plans for a hypothetical offensive against the Soviet Union. However, the general did tell Undersecretary of War Robert Patterson that the United St...	[ "Roosevelt and Stalin spent much of the conference trying to convince Churchill to commit to an invasion of France, finally succeeding on 30 November when Roosevelt announced at lunch that they would be launching the invasion in May 1944. This pleased Stalin, who had been pressing his allies to open a new front in ...
why i have to wait ten minutes to post another post on reddit.	Reddit throttles new posters. This means that (until you've built up some karma) you will have time limits posting multiple times. This is to discourage people from making a new account and using it to spam the site with posts.	[ "Posts show up in Google search results. However, most post types expire after seven days, no longer showing in search results at that time. There is one exception: event posts expire when the event date the post referenced has passed.\n", "Posts may be successfully published at first, but deleted or \"unpublishe...
is the nuclear fallout from japan going to cause health problems in the USA?	In short, no. _URL_0_	[ "A Japanese fishing boat, \"Daigo Fukuryū Maru\" (Lucky Dragon No.5), came in direct contact with the fallout, which caused many of the crew to grow ill due to radiation sickness. One member died of a secondary infection six months later after acute radiation exposure, and another had a child that was stillborn and...
how socialized medicine in america would lead to better care?	The current system is equally weighted for quantity. Quality is ensured by the potential for malpractice suits. However Doctors are in the business to help people. They don't need to be threatened to give good care, they get threatened by hospital administrators to give 'less thorough' care to keep cost down. The ...	[ "The use of alternative medicine in the US has increased, with a 50 percent increase in expenditures and a 25 percent increase in the use of alternative therapies between 1990 and 1997 in America. Americans spend many billions on the therapies annually. Most Americans used CAM to treat and/or prevent musculoskeleta...
Why do scientists worry about the poles melting?	Humans have built the mechanisms of their civilization in our current climate. Any change to that climate will damage those systems. A warmer climate isn't a death sentence to the biosphere (it's survived far worse) but it will put a big dent in our agriculture and port cities.	[ "According to the project team, this is important because melting ice is an excellent proxy indicator for climate change impacts. While much of the public global interest centres around ice-melt at the Earth's poles, relatively little attention is given to the ice at more unexpected locations, such as in the high-a...
If you were to drive in a car at the same speed as a bullet and shoot backwards, would the bullet hang in mid-air? If so, how long?	As far as the bullet is concerned, this scenario would be effectively identical to a person standing still (with respect to the ground) and simply dropping the bullet. This example is a straightforward application of the principle of relativity (specifically [Galilean relativity](_URL_0_)). This principle tells us that...	[ "BULLET::::1. Figure 1 (center panel). To an observer at rest on an inertial reference frame (like the ground), the car will seem to accelerate. In order for the passenger to stay inside the car, a force must be exerted on the passenger. This force is exerted by the seat, which has started to move forward with the ...
Hey history gurus, can someone point me to any good resources on European and Middle Eastern migrations that had taken place during the middle ages and earlier?	"Atlas of Medieval Europe" by Donald Matthews has several maps of British Isles, showing things like Viking attacks or the places Irish missionaries went to convert the pagans on the continent.	[ "BULLET::::- \"The Great Migrations in the East and South East of Europe from the Ninth to the Thirteenth Century\", first edition: Romanian Cultural Institute, Cluj-Napoca, 2003, ; second edition: Hakkert Publisher, Amsterdam, 2006, (volume 1) and (volume 2).\n", "BULLET::::- Font, Márta (2005). \"Missions, Conv...
can someone explain quantum mechanics? +-	question too big. also search first.	[ "Quantum mechanics (QM; also known as quantum physics, quantum theory, the wave mechanical model, or matrix mechanics), including quantum field theory, is a fundamental theory in physics which describes nature at the smallest scales of energy levels of atoms and subatomic particles.\n", "Quantum mechanics is the ...
Have American military forces ever had to defend against an amphibious landing?	The most famous one that the other response doesnt mention is the Defense of Wake Island in the opening weeks of the Pacific War. With about 500 Marines, 4 functional Wildcat fighters (after 8 others were destroyed in a dawn air raid on Dec 8th, and just 6 5in guns and 12 3in guns the Battalion held out for 2 weeks. ...	[ "The success of the amphibious landings depended on the establishment of a secure lodgement from which to expand the beachhead to allow the buildup of a well-supplied force capable of breaking out. The amphibious forces were especially vulnerable to strong enemy counter-attacks before the arrival of sufficient forc...
What specifically stops viruses or bacteria such as the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome from being passed on through saliva? How does this differ from sexual fluid?	HIV is present in is in the saliva of infected patients, just at relatively low concentrations. There is nothing that directly prevents transmission except chance. Lower concentrations means less chance for the virus to reach another host. HIV tends to hide inside cells because it can't live for very long outside the ...	[ "The main function of saliva is to flush out all of the micro-organisms that could potentially threaten our health. The flow of saliva constantly bathes the mouth and detaches all micro-organisms that are not already firmly attached to a surface. This makes it difficult for bacteria to adhere to surfaces to even be...
Could the energy from knocking over the first of many dominoes last infinitely?	You would have to put infinite energy into the system to set it up (stored as potential energy), so there's no thermodynamic problem with getting infinite energy back out.	[ "On 14 November 2008 the team of Weijers Domino Productions tried to break the world record domino toppling. They did set up 4.5 million dominoes in the WTC Expo convention centre in Leeuwarden to try topping the previous record of 2 years ago, which was at 4,079,381 dominoes toppled.\n", "Domino Effect: The play...
why do designer clothes and accessories cost so much?	Because people are willing to pay that much for them. This is the answer to nearly all "what does X cost so much" questions, honestly. If sales dropped significantly, prices of a given label would likely drop. But the demand is high and people will pay what is asked...	[ "For all these fashion houses, custom clothing is no longer the main source of income, often costing much more than it earns through direct sales; it only adds the aura of fashion to their ventures in ready-to-wear clothing and related luxury products such as shoes and perfumes, and licensing ventures that earn gre...
why do people claim that patent disputes like the apple/samsung case hurt innovation when they are actually in trouble for copying, not innovating?	Because the patent system allows incredibly patents, on incredibly general concepts, with incredibly high fees for fighting even a quickly unsuccessful claim against you. Together, these things mean that it's realistically impossible to make something new that doesn't infringe one of these vague patents, and as soon a...	[ "In the case of Samsung v. Apple, the second patent lawsuit that followed was the victory of the last US federal Court of Appeals by invalidating Apple's patents for its inventiveness (non-obviousness as US patent law) (Currently, Apple objected to the invalidation and non-infringement, but it overturned it with a ...
what is an amber alert and why are they only used in america?	AMBER officially stands for America's Missing: Broadcast Emergency Response, though it was named following the abduction and subsequent murder of Amber Hagerman. It is a nationwide communications platform used to inform the public of recently abducted children. When a child has been determined to ha...	[ "In the United States, amber alerts are distributed via commercial and public radio stations, Internet radio, satellite radio, television stations, text messages, and cable TV by the Emergency Alert System and NOAA Weather Radio (where they are termed \"Child Abduction Emergency\" or \"Amber Alerts\"). The alerts a...
Old Katana; is anyone here able to tell me about the markings?	Could you please provide a clearer picture of the characters? Maybe make an impression of them onto some paper? They're a bit hard to make out...	[ "The katar was created in India, its earliest forms being closely associated with the 14th-century Vijayanagara Empire. It may have originated with the \"mustika\", a method of holding a dagger between the middle and index finger still used in gatka today. A specific type of dagger might have been designed for this...
What all do we know of the prevailing religion(s) in pre-Christian Armenia?	Early pre-Christian Armenia (6th century to 4th century BC) followed a syncretic paganist religion which was a mix of the indigenous Armenian beliefs and Iranian religion. At this time, Armenia was a satrapy within the Achaemenid (Persian) Empire. There is debate on whether Zoroastranism was the Persian empire's reli...	[ "The Arsacid Kingdom of Armenia, itself a branch of the Arsacid dynasty of Parthia, was the first state to adopt Christianity as its religion (it had formerly been adherent to Armenian paganism, which was influenced by Zoroastrianism, while later on adopting a few elements regarding identification of its pantheon w...
Put someone on bypass when a heart stops?	Yeah, it just takes way too long. Especially if you're using it as last-resort, meaning you've been doing CPR and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) for a while already. Brain cells start to die after five minutes without oxygen. The probability of good neurologic recovery with a stopped heart after just ten minutes...	[ "Cardiac bypass is performed when the arteries that bring blood to the heart muscle (coronary arteries) become clogged by plaque. Such a condition may cause chest pain from angina pectoris or a heart attack.\n", "Off-pump coronary artery bypass or \"beating heart\" surgery is a form of coronary artery bypass graf...
Where did the "Fez" hat originate from	It's named after a [city in Morocco](_URL_0_) where it originated centuries before Sultan Mahmud II made it a part of official dress code in the Ottoman Empire. [History of Fez]( _URL_0_)	[ "The fez (), also called tarboosh (, derived from ()), is a felt headdress in the shape of a short cylindrical peakless hat, usually red, and sometimes with a tassel attached to the top. It is named after the city that produced the dye, made from crimson berries, to color the hat, the Moroccan city Fez, which was t...
How did "pro-choice" and "pro-life" become the names of the two major sides in the abortion debate?	Slightly related: were there names different from the current ones for the pro/anti abortion movements in the past?	[ "The description \"pro-life\" was adopted by the right-to-life (anti-abortion) movement in the United States following the Supreme Court 1973 decision \"Roe v. Wade\", which held that a woman may terminate her pregnancy prior to the viability of the fetus outside of the womb and may also terminate her pregnancy \"s...
what do steroids do to the body and why are the so effective at treating poison ivy / so many problems?	Steroids mimick natural steroids called glucocorticoids. These have an anti-inflammatory function in the body. When you have an autoimmune disease or an allergy, your body is mounting an immune response on itself which is bad. The steroid stops the immune response, so you can stop the disease. The symptoms of the disea...	[ "Glucocorticoid steroids are used to calm down the immune system cells that are attacked by the chemicals released during an allergic reaction. This treatment in the form of a nasal spray should not be used to treat anaphylaxis, for it only relieves symptoms in the area in which the steroid is in contact. Another r...
how video and audio encoding works.	I have done some work with audio encoding, so I will explain that, but keep in mind that video is done in a similar way. The aim of audio encoding is to reduce file sizes while preserving the integrity (quality) of the audio. There are a few ways this is done. For MP3s, one of the most important steps is what is know...	[ "iFrame video and audio is encoded using lossy compression. Only intraframe compression is enabled; every frame is a stand-alone i-frame. Video is encoded with the AVC/H.264 compression scheme. Audio is encoded with the AAC codec. The compressed audio and video are multiplexed into a QuickTime file.\n", "Encoding...
Why are uranium and thorium so (relatively) stable despite all of their neighboring elements decaying hundreds of times faster?	I would look at the nuclear shell model on page 5 _URL_0_ It has there the number of nucleons a nucleus needs to fill a shell (analogous to the noble gases in chemistry). The last magic number before uranium is 82 which is lead. But if you look above there, the next filled level would be 10 higher which is 92 for u...	[ "Exactly because the different uranium isotopes have different half-lives, when the Earth was younger, the isotopic composition of uranium was different. As an example, 1.7×10 years ago the NA of U was 3.1% compared with today's 0.7%, and for that reason a natural nuclear fission reactor was able to form, something...
how did people drink liquids before cups?	When hands are your only way of drinking, you learn how to do it well enough, just like anything else. Another early way of drinking was out of bags made from animal skins, or even animal bladders (after all, what's a bladder's main function?)	[ "Cups are an obvious improvement on using cupped hands or feet to hold liquids. They have almost certainly been used since before recorded history, and have been found at archaeological sites throughout the world. Prehistoric cups were sometimes fashioned from shells and hollowed out stones. \n", "A (also spelled...
how do scientists calculate the speed of the galaxy?	The speed is measured to our frame of reference (as in our galaxy has velocity = 0). You measure the speed of galaxies by simply looking at them, through a phenomenom called red shifting. This works as the Doppler effect, but with light instead of sound. The frequency of the light emitted by a galaxy will shift to a l...	[ "The Andromeda Galaxy is approaching the Milky Way at about as indicated by blueshift. However, the lateral speed (measured as proper motion) is very difficult to measure with a precision to draw reasonable conclusions: a lateral speed of only 7.7 km/s would mean that the Andromeda Galaxy is moving toward a point 1...
How do Helicopters sustain lift while also lowering the pitch in an autorotation?	Its all to do with the relative angle of the airflow through the disk and not a change of pitch along the blade. The airflow (relative to the blade) creates a forward vector that makes the rotor keep spinning and a lift vector that slows the descent of the aircraft. When the bottom of the autorotation is reached and t...	[ "The collective pitch control, or \"collective lever\", is normally located on the left side of the pilot's seat with an adjustable friction control to prevent inadvertent movement. The collective changes the pitch angle of all the main rotor blades collectively (\"i.e.,\" all at the same time) and independent of t...
How did xenia work in Ancient Greece?	Yes.The host was obliged to open his gates to literally anyone who knocked the door.The thing goes like this:A beggar knocks on a door,the host opens and he is obliged to serve the beggar food.After they dine,the host asks for the stranger's _URL_0_ was considered rude to ask him his name before serving him food.Greeks...	[ "Xenia is an important theme in Homer's \"Odyssey\". Every household in the epic is seen alongside xenia. Odysseus' house is inhabited by suitors with demands beyond the bounds of xenia. Menelaus and Nestor's houses are seen when Telemachus visits. There are many other households observed in the epic, including tho...
is it possible to take the president (or any other important person) to court? are they legally obligated to respond/show up in court?	I always wondered how the president/famous people/royalty handle things like the DMV. Certainly they aren't in line with the rest of us peons are they?	[ "The President may suspend from office, and if deem necessary prohibit also from attending the office during inquiry, the Central Vigilance Commissioner or any Vigilance Commissioner in respect of whom a reference has been made to the Supreme Court until the President has passed orders on receipt of the report of t...
what is the "well regulated militia"?	The second amendment says: > A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. The militia, in present day America, is called the National Guard. Each state has their own national guard, and most of the time the nation...	[ "A militia () is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a nation, or subjects of a state, who can be called upon for military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of regular, full-time military personnel, or historically, members ...
Why do complex numbers always come in pairs?	Because the associated equation is real. If you have a polynomial with all real coefficients, then any complex root comes paired with it's conjugate as a root as well. To see why this must be, consider the polynomial with roots x=2 and x=2i. This will be p(x)=(x-2)(x-2i). Its coefficients cannot be real because when ...	[ "Since complex numbers are naturally thought of as existing on a two-dimensional plane, there is no natural linear ordering on the set of complex numbers. In fact, there is no linear ordering on the complex numbers that is compatible with addition and multiplication – the complex numbers cannot have the structure o...
Does anyone have information on the 151st Virginia Militia during the Civil War?	There already appears to be much good information on the web on Richard Foley and the 151st (or rather, his guerrilla organization.) Check out: _URL_2_ _URL_1_ _URL_3_ I assume you've found these. I checked the information on _URL_4_ and found very little additional information. Virginia militia units were generall...	[ "BULLET::::- Organization of the Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by General Joseph E. Johnston, on the Peninsula, about April 30, 1862 \"The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies\". United States War Department. Series I, Volume XI, Chapter XXIII, pp. 4...
why is nitrogen present in tanks of scuba divers?	For standard diving, the tank is compressed air with all the constituent gases present in air present in the tank. There are specific scenarios when you do alter the % mixture of various gases when diving to achieve different goals. As one example, more oxygen/less nitrogen gives the ability to stay underwater long...	[ "Nitrogen (N) is a diatomic gas and the main component of air, the cheapest and most common breathing gas used for diving. It causes nitrogen narcosis in the diver, so its use is limited to shallower dives. Nitrogen can cause decompression sickness.\n", "When inhaled at high partial pressures (more than about 4 b...
Theoretically, what would happen if a Plane traveled the same speed as Earths rotation in the opposite direction?	Depends on how long you kept it up. If you matched the Earth's rotational speed, you would constantly be facing the same direction relative to an observer looking down on the solar system from above the plane of our orbit around the sun. However, over time, as the Earth revolves around the sun, the time of day that s...	[ "For example, consider an airplane that travels in a straight line, takes a 90-degree right turn, travels another , takes another 90-degree right turn, and travels a third time. On a flat Earth, the aircraft would have travelled along three sides of a square, and arrive at a spot about from where it started. But be...
why do you feel like you're being stabbed in the chest when gasping/panting for air in the cold?	I'm not sure that everyone feels what you are describing. I don't that I can recall, and I run during winter. Is the pain on your left side? Exertion in the cold puts extra stress on the heart.	[ "BULLET::::- Crackles, rattling or ‘junky’ feelings deep in the chest associated with breathing effort – usually progressively worsening with increasing shortness of breath and may be cause for a panic attack\n", "Another non cardiac cause of chest pain is atelectasis. It is a condition that suffered when a porti...
what is "genderqueer"	In brief genderqueer is someone who does not ascribe to a binary gender. Sex being the anatomical sex you are born with gender is the way society expects you to be as a member of that sex. The way men and women are expected to behave based on the fact of them being men or women. Such as men don't shave their legs but w...	[ "Genderqueer fashion is fashion among genderqueer and nonbinary people that goes beyond common style conventions that usually associate certain colors and shapes with one of the two binary genders. Genderqueer fashion aims to be perceived by consumers as a fashion style that focuses on experimenting garments based ...
A (possibly dumb) Question regarding Egyptian Mummies and tobacco.	2 is almost certainly the right answer. You might not be an expert on Egypt, but when really simple answers to dilemmas present themselves you should often listen to them. If something radical like this actually had evidence behind it, we would be descending upon it like flies into honey. Historians and archaeologist...	[ "It is not entirely clear when the use of tobacco first began in Egypt. Tobacco use in the Middle East can be dated back to the sixteenth century, however, there is some evidence and some scholars support the argument that tobacco products were used in Egypt as far back as the time of the Pharaohs.\n", "A televis...
is there an appreciable difference in the water quality of the h2o pouring out of different appliances in my house/apartment?	it's all the same.	[ "MELs can be lowered by using fewer electronic devices, choosing more efficient electronics (for example, Energy Star appliances), modifying occupant behavior and managing standby power. Still, MELs are a significant obstacle in creating zero-energy buildings. Heating, cooling and water heating energy loads can be ...
why are vets so quick to euthanize race horses over what the general public would perceive as a minor "injury"?	For a horse to recover from a broken bone you basically have to immobilise the horse for a couple of months for it to heal. Horses do not like being restrained at the best of times so when they're injured and in pain they can reinjure themselves very easily. It's often just in the animals interest to end its sufferin...	[ "Whenever a racing accident severely injures a well-known horse, such as the major leg fractures that led to the euthanization of 2006 Kentucky Derby winner Barbaro, or 2008 Kentucky Derby runner-up Eight Belles, animal rights groups have denounced the Thoroughbred racing industry. On the other hand, advocates of r...
Does the apparent location of the north star change with precession?	That image is inaccurate. The center of the star trails should be in the same location relative to the buildings, but there should just be different stars in the star trails - in other words, Vega will be in the center instead of Polaris in the center. North is really defined as the direction parallel to Earth's rot...	[ "The precession of the Earth's axis has a number of observable effects. First, the positions of the south and north celestial poles appear to move in circles against the space-fixed backdrop of stars, completing one circuit in approximately 26,000 years. Thus, while today the star Polaris lies approximately at the ...
why can we "hear" some silent videos/gifs?	Your brain basically is filling in many gabs like blinking and moving your eyes on its own. It trys to make sense where no sense is found and so it fills in sounds where a sound should be even though there is no sound.	[ "In the film, creatures are blind and communicate through clicking sounds. Aadahl and Van der Ryn said they were inspired by animal echolocation, such as that employed by bats. The sound of feedback, normally avoided by sound editors, was woven into the story at a loudness level that would not bother audiences too ...
why is it so hard to force myself to take a shower even though i know that once i'm in i don't want to get out?	The most difficult part of performing a task is starting it, it's like overcoming the initial inertia or static friction.	[ "The courts have often held that requiring a person to have a shower as a condition of entry into a space (such as a prison, shelter, or the like) does not, in itself, constitute a strip search, even if the shower and surrounding space are so constructed as to afford visibility of the unclothed body by guards durin...
why do grey hairs appear to be very thick and strong, aren't they dying?	No they are not dying. Grey hairs have simply changed pigment and are just as alive as any other hair on your head.	[ "In humans, terminal hairs are thick, long and dark, as compared with vellus hair. During puberty, the increase in androgenic hormone levels causes vellus hair to be replaced with terminal hair in certain parts of the human body. These parts will have different levels of sensitivity to androgens, primarily of the t...
WW2 historians please help me out with this, I can't find a definite answer.	you must know that the Hungarian Army was weaponless before WWII. Hungary was not allowed to raise an army after the lost WWI. it only had an army of voulenteers but the amount of the voulenteers was strictly regulated, as the use and store of weapons. this changed only in 1938 (Bled agreement), where the states of the...	[ "A reference section follows for each chapter. Notable sources are Floyd Gibbons's \"The Red Knight of Germany\", Sir Philip Gibbs's \"The Struggle in Flanders\", Winston Churchill's \"The World Crisis\", Liddell Hart (several books), Official Histories of the Great War of Great Britain, Australia, Canada and Germa...

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