question stringlengths 3 301 | answer stringlengths 9 26.1k | context list |
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How culturally similar or different were the Franks and Anglo-Saxons? How much affinity would they have felt for each other prior to and after their migrations into Roman lands? | They were similar to an extent. Both the Franks and Anglo-Saxons were originally Pagan, and worshiped pretty much the same gods, although very little is actually known about their original pagan religious beliefs as we only have scant literary accounts and a very limited number of runic inscriptions.
Both the Franks a... | [
"Cultural differences between the Gauls and Germans conspired with the dramatically different extent of Romanization to establish the two cultures as distinct and discrete entities during the late Roman Empire and early Middle Ages. The Franks, themselves a Germanic tribe, abandoned much of the linguistic and cultu... |
why do black people get pulled over? | you can see them pass you before you start following them. cops sit parked on the side of the road waiting for someone to pull over. | [
"Driving while black refers to the racial profiling of African American drivers. The phrase implies that a motorist might be pulled over by a police officer, questioned, and searched, because of a racial bias.\n",
"I couldn't approach black people with the truth because they like lies. They live lies... At one ti... |
why can i take out dead batteries, flip them around and then they suddenly become usable again? | Most cells (technically, most "batteries" are actually just one power cell, not a battery of cells, but never mind that) are strips of metal with a chemical paste between them, rolled up into the familiar shape.
The electrical capability of the battery depends on the chemical reaction between the paste and those metal... | [
"Batteries that are stored for a long period or that are discharged at a small fraction of the capacity lose capacity due to the presence of generally irreversible \"side reactions\" that consume charge carriers without producing current. This phenomenon is known as internal self-discharge. Further, when batteries ... |
You know when you're about to fart and you clench really hard, stopping it, what exactly are you doing? Are you sucking the gas back up or what? | You prevent the gas from escaping via closing the sphincter. The gas then disperses back up the intestines, reducing pressure on the sphincter, until it builds up again. | [
"BULLET::::- \"Eye-rolling:\" People can communicate disgust and anger, non-verbally, by rolling their eyes, sighing or making mouth noises. By doing so, that can often raise the level of animosity by inflaming the other person. It is important to recognize what is being done and abstain from doing it.\n",
"BULLE... |
why do most (popular) rappers release albums as mixtapes and not as a purchasable album? | Generally speaking a mixtape is used as a medium to refine rhymes, a beat, or something similar, which will be used in a fuller capacity at a later date in time. Your example speaks directly to that point. It's not a fully realized/complete product so why charge? | [
"Albums, on the other hand, only contain samples that have been cleared in order to avoid legal issues. Albums are also almost always sold, whereas mixtapes are usually free. The modern form of a mixtape (such as those that made a popular following by 50 Cent and his group G-Unit in the early 2000s) sometimes conta... |
when did goldfish become the fish pet? | The ancient Egyptians kept fish both as a source of food and for entertainment. Their hieroglyphics depict Tilapia species and Mormyrids. The Chinese began to breed goldfish from carp in the 10th century. Goldfish were introduced to Europe at the end of the 18th century. | [
"A.K.A. Goldfish is the title of a 1994 American creator-owned comic book series written and drawn by Brian Michael Bendis. The series was originally published by Caliber Comics, with later issues by Image Comics. The entire award-winning series was collected and published as a trade paperback, entitled Goldfish ra... |
how do weather reporters know where to point on the map when they're using a green screen? | There's a TV monitor [off to the side](_URL_0_) where they can see what you see at home. They're looking at the screen as they point. | [
"A station model is a symbolic illustration showing the weather occurring at a given reporting station. Meteorologists created the station model to plot a number of weather elements in a small space on weather maps. Maps filled with dense station-model plots can be difficult to read, but they allow meteorologists, ... |
what is the relative benefit of a full frame camera? how are the same or less pixels on a larger sensor better than more pixels on a smaller or same size sensor? | Bigger sensors deal with noise better. Larger pixels mean the signal to noise ratio is larger, so bigger sensors have better low light performance.
I'm sure there are others, but this is the biggest aspect that comes to mind
The downside being you need larger lenses that project a larger image which means you need b... | [
"Resolution in pixels is not the only measure of image quality. A larger sensor with the same number of pixels generally produces a better image than a smaller one. One of the most important differences is an improvement in image noise. This is one of the advantages of digital SLR (single-lens reflex) cameras, whic... |
how do rules in war work, and what happens if a country breaks the rules? | Prior to World War 1 there were such organizations as the International Committee of the Red Cross and the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. ~~All of which obviously failed since there was a world war.~~ (per comments)
So after World War 1 it was decided at the Paris Peace Conference that there needs to be some sort... | [
"International law is, of course, only partly about the conduct of war. Most rules are civil, concerning the delivery of mail, trade, shipping, air travel, and the like. Most rules are obeyed routinely by most countries, because the rules make life easier for all concerned. The rules are rarely disputed. But some i... |
why do we consider female chests worthy of censorship, but not male chests? | You can never be certain when it comes to societal reasoning.
Perhaps due to the intimate nature of breastfeeding it has been considered something that should be out of the public eye and female breasts have been included with this. | [
"The word \"topless\" may carry sexual or exhibitionist connotations. Because of this, advocates of women's legal right to uncover their breasts wherever men may go bare-chested have adopted the alternative term \"topfree\", which is not perceived to have these connotations.\n",
"According to a group member who w... |
why do i feel society anxiety or embarassment when i watch a cringey video of someone else? | Because you associate yourself in that same scenario, and think of how you would feel. | [
"Apathy is a normal way for humans to cope with stress. Being able to \"shrug off\" disappointments is considered an important step in moving people forward and driving them to try other activities and achieve new goals. Coping seems to be one of the most important aspects of getting over a tragedy and an apathetic... |
what is self-esteem? | English major here.
Let's look at the word. "Self" obviously means you. "Esteem" means "respect and admiration, typically for a person." So basically, self-esteem means self-respect.
So basically, self-esteem is respecting yourself, being comfortable with who you are, and generally liking your personality. | [
"Self-esteem is an individual's subjective evaluation of their own worth. Self-esteem encompasses beliefs about oneself (for example, \"I am competent\", \"I am worthy\") as well as emotional states, such as triumph, despair, pride, and shame. Smith and Mackie (2007) defined it by saying \"The self-concept is what ... |
Why is there so much diversity of life in the ocean, when all "sea creatures" are evolving in the same place? | Good question! Let me take a stab at it. It's late, and I'm drunk - so expect this to be scattered slightly.
The answer lies in the fact that they inhabit different [ecological niches](_URL_0_) - essentially, a niche is the role they play in the ecosystem.
Even though all of the life is evolving in the ocean, two pa... | [
"There is a broader spectrum of higher animal taxa in the sea than on land, many marine species have yet to be discovered and the number known to science is expanding annually. Some vertebrates such as seabirds, seals and sea turtles return to the land to breed but fish, cetaceans and sea snakes have a completely a... |
why are there so many english news presenters in the us? | The British accent is considered to be trustworthy and therefore perfect for news programs. | [
"She is the only Australian news presenter to have presented the late news bulletin on each of the three major commercial TV networks, having filled in as presenter of the \"Ten Late News\", as full-time presenter of \"Seven Late News\", and as a substitute presenter of \"Nightline\", the late night version of \"Ni... |
how much apples do you need to eat before you get cyanide poisoning? | [_URL_0_](_URL_0_)
& #x200B;
The article goes through a pretty in depth summary, but the tl;dr is you would need to actually grind up or chew (swallowing a whole seed is not as dangerous) between 1-2 cups of apple seeds depending on your weight before you begin running into issues. | [
"Apple seeds contain small amounts of amygdalin, a sugar and cyanide compound known as a cyanogenic glycoside. Ingesting small amounts of apple seeds causes no ill effects, but consumption of extremely large doses can cause adverse reactions. It may take several hours before the poison takes effect, as cyanogenic g... |
what is an electrical surge protector and what can potentially happen without it? | Surge protection basically means that if there's a lightning stroke or something that causes a sudden increase in voltage, the protector will stop it from ruining your electronics. It's good to have in general, but especially on your expensive devices. | [
"A transient surge protector attempts to limit the voltage supplied to an electric device by either blocking or shorting current to reduce the voltage below a safe threshold. Blocking is done by using inductors which inhibit a sudden change in current. Shorting is done by spark gaps, discharge tubes, zener-type sem... |
Height of Geostationary Orbits | At each height, there is a certain speed required to maintain orbit. Slower and you crash, faster and you escape.
The orbital period at a radius r around a mass m is equal to 2 pi times the square root of r^3 over m times the gravitational constant. If you set this period to 24 hours (so that it rotates with the Eart... | [
"This leads to the definition of the geostationary ring as being a segment of space around the geostationary orbit that ranges from 75 km below GEO to 75 km above GEO and from -15 degrees to 15 degrees declination.\n",
"A geostationary orbit (or geostationary Earth orbit/GEO) is a geosynchronous orbit directly ab... |
if the human body is constantly seeking homeostasis, and our ideal body temperature is near 98.6 fahrenheit, why do most of us prefer external temperatures that are 20-30 degrees cooler? | Because the human body generates a lot of heat so in order to maintain homeostasis it needs to be able to shed excess heat, a high external temperature make it difficult to shed this extra heat. - _URL_0_ | [
"Satisfaction with the thermal environment is important because thermal conditions are potentially life-threatening for humans if the core body temperature reaches conditions of hyperthermia, above 37.5–38.3 °C (99.5–100.9 °F), or hypothermia below 35.0 °C (95.0 °F). Buildings modify the conditions of the external ... |
How long has gun control been a wedge issue in America? Why and when did the rhetoric around the issue become so divisive? | Gun control became a wedge issue with the [1968 Gun Control Act](_URL_1_), the first piece of gun-control legislation passed since the 1930s. Following the assassinations of the Kennedy brothers and Martin Luther King Jr., as well as the urban riots of the 1960s, there was a widespread sense that greater government reg... | [
"Public opinion on gun control in the United States has been tracked by numerous public opinion organizations and newspapers for more than 20 years. There have also been major gun policies that affected American opinion in the 1990s. Throughout these polling years there are different gun control proposals that show... |
console gaming limitations? | The disc is optional, you can just download it from the PS store, but a disk saves space that would be taken up on the drive without it. | [
"In comparison to PC and mobile games, console game developers must consider the limitations of the hardware their game is being developed as it is unlikely to have any major changes. PC and mobile technology progresses quickly and there are many different configurations of their hardware and software. This is bene... |
What books to include in an ancient world history library? | After doing enough research of ancient civilizations and taking one class on all of them, these are the best books in my opinion that give a general overview to start with when researching, depending on the civilization you are researching. Then once you have these and look through them, you can make a good library of ... | [
"Currently, the libraries have more than 3,000 kinds and 40,000 volumes of ancient books, which consist of 40% of the existing ancient Chinese Medicine books. Every year, the libraries provides an open access to 1,056 kinds of printed Chinese and foreign journals, about 1 million Chinese and foreign electronic book... |
how does a drug dealer explain how he's rich? | Gambling or car washes, of course. | [
"Rich was born in Harlem, New York City and began selling drugs at the age of 12, rising through the ranks of the drug trade in Harlem. He became known for his flamboyant and high-profile lifestyle and was rumoured to have never worn the same outfit twice and that he owned over a dozen luxury vehicles that he kept ... |
why do dogs mark their territory by peeing on bushes, poles, etc., when the next dog is just going to come along giving zero fucks and pee on top of it? | I think of it kind of like a Reddit thread. Everybody comes and marks their territory, but you still feel better about the whole thing once you piss on it yourself. | [
"Domestic dogs mark their territories by urinating on vertical surfaces (usually at nose level), sometimes marking over the urine of other dogs. When one dog marks over another dog's urine, this is known as \"counter-marking\" or \"overmarking\". Male dogs urine-mark more frequently than female dogs, typically begi... |
if ammon bundy and his group most definitely occupied the malheur national wildlife refuge without permission and most definitely did so with weapons and even calling on others to join them, how were they found not guilty? | The jury found them innocent, and as for reasons why, they won't be known since jury deliberations are strictly private. The most likely cause is that the number of insiders from the government was enough to convince them that it would be entrapment, since the case hinged on whether the defendants would actually use fo... | [
"On January 2, 2016, armed militants seized and occupied the headquarters of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge in Harney County, Oregon, United States and continued to occupy it until law enforcement made a final arrest on February 11, 2016. Their leader was Ammon Bundy, who participated in the 2014 Bundy stando... |
Mark Twain's book "Pudd'nhead Wilson" is based on the concept of a person who was 1/64th African being held as a slave. Was this realistic and did such situations occur in US slavery? | Hopefully this is helpful:
> Since Negroes were presumed to be slaves and whites were presumed to be free, the southern states found it essential in cases of mixed ancestry to decide who were to be treated as Negroes and who as whites. No state adopted the principle that "a single drop of Negro blood" made a person ... | [
"Mattie Jane Jackson (January 1847 – February 5, 1910) was an African-American author. She is known for her 1866 autobiography, \"The Story of Mattie J. Jackson: Her Parentage, Experience of Eighteen Years in Slavery, Incidents During the War, Her Escape from Slavery: A True Story\", which contributed to the natio... |
what is the advantage of a society with large corporations versus one with many many small businesses? | Large corporations can do things in bulk, meaning the process is cheaper and more efficient. This means cost of living comes down and the money we have for leisure goes up
Many small businesses means we have much control over the way they operate as it'd be much harder for them to create overseas HQs in tax havens and... | [
"Companies range from the very small to the very large. There are no very large businesses which are not companies. (Even the John Lewis Partnership in the United Kingdom, which promotes itself as \"the world's largest partnership,\" is in fact a company.) Part of what allows companies to become so much bigger than... |
why are old lp's printed on one record , but modern ones on 2? | Are you sure they're not longer? The average album length has almost doubled since 1980, and modern albums are often too long to fit onto single records. Many albums in the past were released on double records for this reason.
There's another reason, though: vinyl records have variable length, with greater length inv... | [
"Many older recordings previously issued on vinyl were reissued on CD, beginning with the format's commercial introduction in late 1982 (see Digital recording for a timeline). Reissue CDs often only have the original LP's copyright dates on them, so it's not obvious when the CDs were actually made. If they bear a S... |
what's with these desperate teenage girls trying to join isis? | Teenagers can feel quite disillusioned and easily get caught up in ideals that take them away from the difficulties of puberty.
In the case of young women, they are often radicalised online through influence and the promise of a better life. Through using social media they can promise idealised notions of Islamic life.... | [
"\"The Guardian\" reported on September 29, 2014, that ISIL extended its recruitment efforts to Western females, asking them to join the movement in order to bear children for the new caliphate. Hundreds of females, predominantly between 16–24 years old, have been radicalized and abandoned their families, homes, an... |
gestalt psychology | Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained:
1. [ELI5: Gestalt Psychology ](_URL_2_)
1. [ELI5: Gestalt psychology versus Gestalt therapy ](_URL_4_)
1. [ELI5: Gestalt Therapy ](_URL_3_)
1. [ELI5: Gestalt Psychology ](_URL_0_)
1. [ELI5: Gestalt psychology and pattern goodness ](_URL_1_)
1. [ELI5: What is ... | [
"Gestalt psychology or gestaltism ( ; from \"shape, form\") is a philosophy of mind of the Berlin School of experimental psychology. Gestalt psychology is an attempt to understand the laws behind the ability to acquire and maintain meaningful perceptions in an apparently chaotic world. The central principle of gest... |
How does a vaccine cure a bacterial disease? | Posting a partial response, but wait for someone with topic-specific knowledge to clarify this.
From this epidemiology study: _URL_0_
"The mechanism of protection from BCG vaccination involves a reduction of the haematogenous spread of bacilli from the site of primary infection. It protects against the acute manifesta... | [
"A vaccine administration may be oral, by injection (intramuscular, intradermal, subcutaneous), by puncture, transdermal or intranasal. Several recent clinical trials have aimed to deliver the vaccines via mucosal surfaces to be up-taken by the common mucosal immunity system, thus avoiding the need for injections.\... |
why are the names of oil companies that spill oil into the ocean plastered on the news, but not the party responsible for the california natural gas leak? | The sad truth is that the BP Oil spill got mass attention because it's a much more tangible event and it harmed animals. The California gas leak is equally or worse than the oil spill but I suppose that news isn't selling. I won't say there's conspiracies but some could easily say that parent companies of, say, CNN don... | [
"One reporter even recalled a story in which he stopped on the side of the road to examine the foul-smelling pools of water that were steaming from the oil toxicity. California is no stranger to having oil contaminate their water. In 2015, an oil spill occurred off the coast of Santa Barbara, sending 105,000 gallon... |
if red tinted light is better for night vision, why do all cars have yellow, white, or blue headlights? [x-post from r/showerthoughts] | while it might favor preserving our night vision, it provides an inferior view of the road that is lit.
you get up in the middle of the night to pee, do you turn on the light? nooo that would ruin your night vision! yeah.. but the light will be on and you wont NEED night vision.
| [
"Another field that uses this is the automotive industry. LEDs in the dashboard and instrument lighting are designed for use in mesopic luminance. In studies, it has been found that red LEDs appear brighter than green LEDs, which means that a driver would be able to see red light more intense thus more alerting the... |
What universally immoral experiment would you like to see the results of? | The selective breeding of human beings for all positive traits - intelligence, resistance to various diseases, athletic qualities, the lot. | [
"This experiment was developed by researchers at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Building on from ‘The Disgust Test’, this test aimed to test a Human Superorganism hypothesis, and an evolutionary theory of human morals. The survey contained detailed demographic information and 33 ‘vignettes’ whi... |
what constitutes an "error" in baseball? | The simple answer is if you misplay the ball resulting in a runner advancing at least one base, it is an error. Typically this is a bad throw, a dropped catch, or a bobbled/missed ground ball. It is up to the official scorer to decide if the play is an error, which means it can vary. If, in the official scorer's jud... | [
"In baseball statistics, an error is an act, in the judgment of the official scorer, of a fielder misplaying a ball in a manner that allows a batter or baserunner to advance one or more bases or allows an at bat to continue after the batter should have been put out. The term \"error\" can also refer to the play dur... |
where does the energy from the engine go when my (automatic) car is stopped? | the disconnect is in the torque converter, 2 fans that face each other, 1 turned by the engine, the other connected to the transmission. they can slip by each other, forcing the fluid through the other fan without it spinning.
Ultimately, that energy is converted to heat in the transmission fluid via friction and the... | [
"The preliminary version of the engine was first seen in the \"i\" Concept test car introduced in 2003, and used Mitsubishi's \"Smart Idling\" system which turns off the engine automatically when the vehicle is stationary, and can restart it within 0.2 seconds. So equipped, Mitsubishi claimed the prototype was capa... |
why am i able to rehearse foreign languages perfectly in my head, but can't speak/pronounce it? | talking is a physical process that requires some coordination. A different language makes your tongue move in some new patterns that require practice, just like anything else you would practice. You can't just think about throwing a ball and expect to be good at that either. | [
"Edward Trimnell, author of \"Why You Need a Foreign Language & How to Learn One\" (2005) argues that the international version of English is only adequate for communicating basic ideas. For complex discussions and business/technical situations, English is not an adequate communication tool for non-native speakers ... |
how are tv stations allowed to air movies like 'war of the worlds' with eas tones in them while tbs got fined for using them in a commercial? | Technically it is not allowed if the movie is broadcast. There have been numerous cases where stations have been fined for airing ads. The trailer for *Olympus has Fallen* got multiple stations fined. Enforcement seems to be primarily based on complaints and I could see that ads would generate more complaints than a mo... | [
"On 1 January 2004, all Japanese films were allowed to be shown in theaters, and all Japanese music and video games could be sold by retailers. For satellite and cable television, programming now allowed was lifestyle information programs, educational programs, Japanese music, Japanese films (those screening in the... |
simple statistics question | So let's take a normal distribution with mu=100 and sd=15. The probability that any given score falls in that range is 100% or 1. We want to cut out the left part that's under 70 and the right part that's above 130 and find out how big the chunk in the middle is.
= 100% - (Percentage under 70) - (Percentage above 130)... | [
"In probability and statistics, a realization, observation, or observed value, of a random variable is the value that is actually observed (what actually happened). The random variable itself is the process dictating how the observation comes about. Statistical quantities computed from realizations without deployin... |
how could dzhokhar tsarnaev receive the death penalty for killing 3 people at the boston marathon when james holmes was sentenced to life without parole for killing 12 people in a movie theater in aurora, colorado? | Different states, different penalties, different lawyers, different case, different judge, different jury.
There is no concrete nationwide punishment for anything. Everything is relative to the crime and where you are. Some states got rid of the death penalty while others still use it. | [
"Archerd was sentenced to death on March 6, 1968, for three of the murder cases. The medical personnel, law enforcement and prosecution team were unaware of the availability of an accurate and sensitive assay for blood insulin levels developed years earlier by Rosalyn Yalow in collaboration with Solomon Berson work... |
A question about information loss in Hawking radiation. | Most physicists, now including Hawking, believe that the information is conserved due to _URL_0_
Which is I think similarish to what you were saying. The problem is that we're combining quantum mechanics and general relativity for black holes, which don't work together, and until someone sorts out a theory of everythin... | [
"According to quantum field theory in curved spacetime, a single emission of Hawking radiation involves two mutually entangled particles. The outgoing particle escapes and is emitted as a quantum of Hawking radiation; the infalling particle is swallowed by the black hole. Assume a black hole formed a finite time in... |
American children learn all about the "patriots" and their so-called struggle for liberty against British rule, but who were the most famous loyalists? I would like to know the pro-British perspective. | Hold on, hold on, hold on. I'll tell you a bit about the Loyalists, but first, I must take issue with your characterization of much of the war in the body of your post, because much of this is exactly the kind of thing that the King and his supporters would have argued back then. Let me take it piece by piece.
The fir... | [
"Many Patriots were active before 1775 in groups such as the Sons of Liberty, and the most prominent leaders are referred to today by Americans as the Founding Fathers. They represented a cross-section of the population of the Thirteen Colonies and came from many different backgrounds. According to Robert Calhoon, ... |
Why wasnt Lebanon too keen on Pan-Arabism? | First let me say that I am not a professional historian, just someone with a strong interest in Middle Eastern politics. Most of what I say will be from the book 'Arab Nationalism in the Twentieth Centrury' by Adeed Dawisha.
Pan-Arabism is often used interchangeably with Arab nationalism, which is clearly a political... | [
"During the late 1950s, pan-Arabism became widespread but Lebanon's Maronite president, Camille Chamoun, held pro-Western views, which led to his isolation in the Middle East. In May 1958, a civil war erupted. This, in combination with other events occurring simultaneously in the Middle East, led the United States ... |
why don't ads buffer? | These are excellent theories and some very close. Most ISP infrastructure has "common content" caches. These hold content like videos, webpages, etc that the software detects are requested very often. If YouTube launches a new ad campaign and a fresh ad is being fed for the first time, it's not going to be as fast as n... | [
"Contextual advertising is a form of targeted advertising for advertisements appearing on websites or other media, such as content displayed in mobile browsers. The advertisements themselves are selected and served by automated systems based on the identity of the user and the content displayed.\n",
"Contextual a... |
why are so many comments marked as deleted? | A lot of times, especially if you see a huge chain of deleted comments, it's because a moderator has decided that the originating comment of the chain has blatantly broken a rule on the sub. For instance, a thread marked "serious" will have obvious joke reply chains deleted. /r/science has certain rules that top level ... | [
"Comments can appear anywhere in a document, as the HTML parser is supposed to ignore them no matter where they appear so long as they are not inside other HTML tag structures (i.e., they cannot be used next to attributes and values; this is invalid markup: codice_121).\n",
"Previously, if a user attempted to del... |
what program do programmers use to code? | Depends very much on the programmer. I write mainly Java, and the program I use is Eclipse. Other people at my same company working in the same codebase might use Intellij, or Emacs, or Vi. They all have their pros and cons, and I suspect a lot of it comes down to what sort of editor you used when you first learned to ... | [
"Computer programming in general is the process of writing, testing, debugging, and maintaining the source code and documentation of computer programs. This source code is written in a programming language, which is an artificial language often more restrictive or demanding than natural languages, but easily transl... |
machiavellian actions/behavior | _URL_1_
_URL_0_
Machiavelli wrote a book called The Prince about governing that is, by modern standards at least ruthlessly pragmatic and manipulative. He said that it is better to be feared than to be loved, suggested concentrating ruthless acts in a short period (so that the people will forget them quicker), and t... | [
"Machiavelli accounts for this oscillation by arguing that \"virtù\" (valor and political effectiveness) produces peace, peace brings idleness (\"ozio\"), idleness disorder, and disorder \"rovina\" (ruin). In turn, from \"rovina\" springs order, from order \"virtù\", and from this, glory and good fortune. Machiavel... |
Between 1822 and 1865 over 15,000 former black slaves and free-born blacks relocated from the USA to Liberia. What was life like for returning slaves in Liberia? Were they accepted by the indigenous population and were there reintegration programs? | Little bit late but since this has no comments, Liberia was designed to be a little America and basically was. The freeman that colonized were endorsed by a group called the American Colonization Society founded mainly as a way to get free slaves away from the still slaves. They didn't care where the freeman were orig... | [
"Several years after the Civil War, 112 African American men, women, and children moved from Lowndes County to Arthington, Liberia in 1871 and 1872. Some settled there permanently to make their home in a colony established for free American blacks; a small number returned to the United States. Their emigration was ... |
Why did the early Christians style themselves as a new religion as opposed to considering themselves the true followers of Judaism? | Actually, it appears the very earliest Christians did. The Book of Acts shows Peter presenting Christian teaching to Jewish crowds not a new religion but as additional acts of the same God they followed:
> The God of our fathers raised Jesus, whom you killed by hanging him on a tree. God exalted him at his right han... | [
"As Christianity grew throughout the gentile world, the developing Christian tradition diverged from its Jewish and Jerusalem roots. Historians continue to debate the precise moment when early Christianity established itself as a new religion, apart and distinct from Judaism. It is difficult to trace the process by... |
Did soldiers in the sword and shield era in big battles only fight 1 on 1? Was it looked down upon to just stab someone from behind if you were in a big open field and a two people were engaged in combat? | No, this is patent nonsense done for dramatic effect. From c. 500 BCE AT LEAST, the typically western style of infantry warfare has revolved around two methods of fighting: skirmishing, and shock action. They've generally been combined, although some armies tend to lean more heavily toward one or the other (the early G... | [
"BULLET::::- Two warriors may duel, or engage in prolonged personal combat, only if they carry the same weapons and they are on the same mount (no mount, a horse, an elephant, or a chariot). (Broken several times).\n",
"\"Nothing but the piled up logs of breastworks separated the combatants. Our men would reach o... |
why is there no common standard for console gaming like there is for audio and video disks? | Sony, Microsoft, and Nintendo are all competitors. They don't want to work with their competition, they want to own them.
tl:dr capitalism. | [
"Some GameCube games with large amounts of data span two discs, such as \"Resident Evil 4\" and \"Enter the Matrix\". Multi-platform games that fit on PlayStation 2 and Xbox DVD discs occasionally saw the removal of certain features in order to fit on GameCube Game Discs. Full-motion video scenes and audio are more... |
Would we be able to detect a small spacecraft if one from outer space would fly by us? | It would very much depend on what it's emitting. If it was merely reflective of our radar emissions and not very big (say sub 100m) it could be very difficult to detect unless it was farting out a stream of ions from maybe some sort of propulsion device. The wake of solar blasted ions of large meteorites or small aster... | [
"BULLET::::- A NASA experiment, Station Explorer for X-ray Timing and Navigation Technology (SEXTANT), shows how spacecraft may possibly determine their location by focusing on millisecond pulsars in space.\n",
"Interstellar spacecraft may be detectable from hundreds to thousands of light-years away through vario... |
why aren't there more regulations about the antibiotics that can be given to farm animals? why are farmers allowed to choose to give all their animals antibiotics, potentially causing a global catastrophe in the future? | On one hand we can potentially decrease the effectiveness of our antibiotics against certain types of infectious diseases. On the other hand we could stop using them and have the animals get sick all the time, and herds of animals get wiped out by plagues.
So your choice is between someone occasionally catching a diff... | [
"According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), antibiotics used in livestock, many of which are also used to treat humans, have contributed to the rise of dangerous bacteria. In December 2012, the FDA announced plans to phase out certain antibiotics in the food production industry.\n",
"In 2017, the World ... |
What were the most common causes of death in children in ancient times? Why did so few who made it out of infancy make it to adulthood? | The majority of the children that would die would die from birth or a disease in childhood. Birth in ancient times was a dangerous task without the help of modern medicine, especially when taking account the numerous complications that can arise. Disease will preliminary affect the young and the old. Take Ancient Rome... | [
"In preindustrial times, deaths at young and middle age were more common than they are today. This is not due to genetics, but because of environmental factors such as disease, accidents, and malnutrition, especially since the former were not generally treatable with pre-20th-century medicine. Deaths from childbirt... |
why are cigarette and newspaper/magazine prices the same wherever you buy them, but other products are priced differently depending on who sells them? | I get your question and the reason is that the newspapers and the cigarette makers don't want a bunch of competition. Take the newspaper. You get the same news from either source, so if the prices were different, a cost-conscious consumer would buy the lower priced rag. Take for example the Tampa Tribune and the St. Pe... | [
"The term applies to fashion retail. Off-price is different from other special pricing formats (such as Outlet Store and Discount Store) in that one store might contain a great deal of products, price rates and trademarks. The range of goods is usually measured in millions of product items, whereas the quantity of ... |
if humans are attracted to attractive people, why don't we all evolve to become attractive? | The definition of attractive varies. There's no universal standard of beauty. If you look at old advertisements in american magazines from the 1950s you'll see ads for weight gain products, talking about how skinny girls are unattractive and men like curves. If you look at seedy porn mags from the 1970s you'll see ads ... | [
"Reactions to beauty may lead to interpersonal tension and conflict. For example, people may attribute greater negative and egocentric traits to them due to jealousy. Extremely attractive individuals may be refused by their own sex type who are jealous of them. Attractive people are often confused with whether peop... |
what happens when converting files. | This is a complicated question. There are lots and lots of things you need to know in order to understand. I'll do my best.
All sound is just changes in air pressure, so a sound recording is a record of relative changes in the air pressure over time. On computers, this all has to be stored in terms of binary 1s and... | [
"The conversion option means do not truncate the output file — that is, if the output file already exists, just replace the specified bytes and leave the rest of the output file alone. Without this option, would create an output file 512 bytes long.\n",
"The conversion involves creating a copy of the whole ext2/3... |
why can't we remove smog in smoggy areas by building a skyscraper sized hepa air purifier? | How are you going to change the filter? | [
"BULLET::::- Fitted with a vortex chimney scrubber, the updraft could be cleaned of particulate air pollution. An experimental tower is cleaning the air in China with little external energy input. Alternately, particulate air pollution caught in the updraft could serve as a nucleation stimulus for precipitation eit... |
why are crt tubes, even on tv's that haven't been plugged in for years, so dangerous. | The electronics inside called capacitors are like very powerful batteries. They hold a high voltage charge that will electrocute you. | [
"Ungrounded NEMA 1 plugs are still popularly used by manufacturers of small appliances and electronic devices because of the design's low cost and compact size, and they are upward compatible with modern grounded NEMA 5 receptacles. Standards permit ungrounded plugs where the appliance does not require grounding du... |
why is the pinky more important for gripping things then the index finger? | It is?
Please tell me that I'm not the only one who read this and just started picking things up with 4 fingers. | [
"\"Since the index finger is mostly on the strings when playing guitar, my middle finger cramps back into the hand and I can’t use it, and the most simple trill functions between the first 2 fingers became impossible and un-doable for me. This is why I now tap a lot more with more fingers of my right hand and I use... |
How have rates of PTSD varied from war to war? What factors increase or decrease the rate of PTSD? | What follows is a brief understanding of one of the most difficult to understand aspect of the War, the idea of Shell Shock.
The title of this essay ("Basket Case", taken directly from my Blog on WWI, and re-published on the University of Oxford's WWI Centenary website) is, without a doubt, an offensive phrase. In it... | [
"Some research has been done to say that the increase of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in the military is caused by the increase of firing rates. This brings up the classic debate of correlation vs. causation. Many believe that other factors have been influencing PTSD such as decompression time after confli... |
chemically, what makes a good cologne/perfume good and a cheap cologne/perfume not so good? | Colognes contain essential oils which are what make them smell nice. These oils are the most expensive part of it. Cheaper sprays contain a very small amount of these oils and more alcohol as a filler. That's why they last a shorter amount of time. More expensive Colognes contain more oils and less alcohol. | [
"To allergic or otherwise sensitive people, synthetic fragrance oils are often less desirable than plant-derived essential oils as components of perfume.Essential oils, widely used in society, emit numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Some of these VOCs are considered as potentially hazardous under federal r... |
People often dismiss claims that the CIA attempted to assassinate Fidel Castro as Cuban propaganda. Were there any verifiable attempts against his life? | I've never heard anyone dismiss it as Cuban propaganda? The CIA itself owned up to having done this. It is part of the Church Committee revelations in 1975 (the Church Committee was a Congressional committee that was charged with looking into CIA misconduct — they found a lot of it! Some of it aided with testimony from... | [
"Cuba’s former counterintelligence chief, Fabian Escalante, reviewed more than six hundred CIA plots to assassinate Fidel Castro, a project code-named \"Executive Action\", in his book \"Executive Action: 634 Ways to Kill Fidel Castro\". The various plots, some of which were abandoned, included the use of cigars (p... |
why is buying into a time share considered a huge scam? | It isn't necessarily a huge scam. It does, however, cost a fair bit of money, and it has limited use. If you are able to actually utilize it the way it is advertised, they tend to be pretty awesome. Most people aren't, though, and this is why it is often considered a scam.
My girlfriend's parents have a timeshare, and... | [
"The public interest theory is also referred to as the Pigouvian theory and states that government ownership of media is desirable. Three reasons are offered. Firstly, the dissemination of information is a public good, and to withhold it would be costly even if it is not paid for. Secondly, the cost of the provisio... |
Why do foods such as Yorkshire puddings or cakes refuse to rise if you open the oven door for a short while during baking? | Rising refers to fermentation in doughs. The word for batters is expansion. If you cook batter at too low of a temperature, then the expanding gas bubbles merge together, and you end up with a heavy cake. When you open the door, you are not only letting heat out, but also steam. Steam not only conducts heat far more ef... | [
"A cake can fall, whereby parts of it sink or flatten, when baked at a temperature that is too low or too hot, when it has been underbaked and when placed in an oven that is too hot at the beginning of the baking process. The use of excessive amounts of sugar, flour, fat or leavening can also cause a cake to fall. ... |
What colour was the cosmic background radiation? | At recombination (when the universe became clear), the temperature was around 4000 kelvin, so it was glowing red. | [
"The cosmic microwave background radiation observed today is the most perfect black-body radiation ever observed in nature, with a temperature of about 2.7 K. It is a \"snapshot\" of the radiation at the time of decoupling between matter and radiation in the early universe. Prior to this time, most matter in the un... |
How far from Earth can we say for certain that there is no life besides our own? | For certain? Just outside the orbit of the space station. | [
"With some theorising that life on Earth may have actually originated in stable, subsurface habitats, it has been suggested that it may be common for wet subsurface extraterrestrial habitats such as these to 'teem with life'. Indeed, on Earth itself living organisms may be found more than 6 kilometres below the sur... |
According to some sources I've seen, the population of Rome dropped very low during the middle ages, and as low as 17,000 in 1347AD. How reliable are these numbers? | Ugh. That chart. That chart is awful. Potentially interesting information made entirely useless because of scale. Anyway.
Yes, the numbers are basically accurate, although plausible estimates for Roman Rome tend to vary between 500,000 to 1.5 million. The numbers for the Medieval city are probably rather more accurate... | [
"The population of the city of Rome peaked at possibly more than one million people from the late 1st century to the 3rd century CE and thereafter declined by 400 CE to 700,000-800,000, between 400,000 and 500,000 in 452, and thereafter to a population estimated at only 100,000 in 500 CE, declining still further th... |
Why does air become hot or cold when you blow/suck through material (e.g. your clothes) | Because comparatively, you are blowing out considerably warmer air after it was heated up from your internal body heat. The deal with the cloth, is that it slows down the air a bit after exiting your mouth, and therefore feels even hotter because it sticks around longer, compared to just blowing on your skin normally. | [
"Doctors at the University of Ottawa claim that \"the blowing of warm air may lead to an accelerated dehydration of the skin surface, thereby affecting the viability\" of the microorganisms, and that the warm air may \"penetrate all the crevices in the skin, whereas absorbent towels may not reach such areas, even t... |
The Holy Roman Emperor was technically elected. Do we have "election results" from these elections? Were results ever close or contested? | Oh, there were a lot of incidents were the election was close or disputed. Here are two of them, both from the Middle Ages, because that's the era I'm most interested in.
**Philipp of Hohenstaufen vs. Otto of Brunswick**
Philipp and Otto were members of rival families (Hohenstaufen and Welf) that were related in nu... | [
"As a result of the election, Frederick the Fair was elected Holy Roman Emperor. However, due to the unrecognized claim of Henry of Carinthia, the election were considered invalid by the other electors, that the day after elected Louis IV, Duke of Bavaria as Holy Roman Emperor.\n",
"As a result of the election, L... |
Do large Earthquakes risk setting off other nearby faultlines? | Earthquakes can trigger other earthquakes. While it's a little outdated at this point, this [review article](_URL_3_) by Freed is a good read for those interested in the technical information regarding different styles of earthquake triggering. We can divide earthquake triggering into two categories, static and dynamic... | [
"The possibility of a link between the earthquakes was being investigated in the days after the second one. Big earthquakes can increase the long-term risk of seismic activity by transferring \"static stress\" to adjacent faults, but only at a distance of up to four times the length of the original rupture. In 19 S... |
Relationship between gravity and pressure? | Gravity is the force pulling Earth's atmosphere downward and keeping it from expanding into space (gases like to take up as much volume as possible and become as diffuse as possible if unconstrained). The strength of Earth's gravity (G) is used in figuring out how average atmospheric pressure changes with altitude. [Ha... | [
"According to the theory of general relativity, pressure increases the strength of a gravitational field (see stress–energy tensor) and so adds to the mass-energy cause of gravity. This effect is unnoticeable at everyday pressures but is significant in neutron stars, although it has not been experimentally tested.\... |
how do painkillers know exactly where do you feel pain in your body? for example if i have a toothache and i drink an ibuprofen(its for pain in general), how does my body know that my tooth out of all things hurts? | Disclaimer: I'm not a professional. My understanding is that when you get hurt, that place sends a signal to the brain that tells it you are being hurt. The Ibuprofen just blocks the part in your brain where that signal gets received (it blocks the receptors).
So if you get hurt, those signals just bounce off the walls... | [
"Poisoning with pain medications is common. Aspirin, paracetamol (acetaminophen, Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil), and naproxen (Aleve) can all cause severe clinical signs in dogs, including vomiting blood, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Specifically, aspirin can cause metabolic acidosis and bleeding disorders, acetamino... |
does dna change in adolescence and will affect our children if ever | DNA does change to some degree-mutations and the like. This is what leads to cancer and other non-pathogenic diseases developing later in life. It's probably not going to drastically change your physical appearance because the bone structure that makes your face look the way it does is already built. The body doesn't n... | [
"Lu et al. studied the transcriptional profiles of the human frontal cortex of individuals ranging from 26 to 106 years of age. This led to the identification of a set of genes whose expression was altered after age 40. They further found that the promoter sequences of these particular genes accumulated oxidative D... |
If we say there are no privileged frames of reference, was the Catholic church technically wrong when they said the Sun revolved around the Earth? | There are no privileged *inertial* frames of reference, but rotation is a non-inertial frame. Of course, the sun itself is revolving very slightly around the center of mass of the Earth-sun system, but it's still less wrong to say that the Earth orbits around the sun than vice versa.
_URL_0_ | [
"Multiple authors have argued that the Catholic Church, rather than Galileo, was scientifically justified in the dispute over the placement and rotation of the sun and earth, given available knowledge at the time. Referring to Bellarmine's letter to Foscarini, physicist Pierre Duhem \"suggests that in one respect, ... |
why do you instinctively gasp when falling? | I was told by a martial artist that it is the same reason they scream when they throw a punch or kick. It tightens up your core and gives you "extra strength". Why your body would do this instinctually is, when you hit the ground you are not a flimsy noodle that gets squashed. Not sure how true, just what I was told. | [
"A sensation of falling occurs when the labyrinth or \"vestibular apparatus\", a system of fluid-filled passages in the inner ear, detects changes in acceleration. This sensation can occur when a person begins to fall, which in terms of mechanics amounts to a sudden acceleration increase from zero to roughly 9.8 m/... |
when adverts say "clinically proven" what does that mean? | It means that some clinic/lab, no matter how shady or biased, has "proven" the product works. In a lot of cases, it's the manufacturer's own lab that has proven its own product works.
It's one of those things mentioned in ads that is intended to make the claims seem legit, but really means very little if anything. | [
"Starch authored several books in the fields of psychology, advertising and marketing research. Best known are \"Experiments in Educational Psychology\" (1911) and his pioneering work about advertising \"Advertising: Its Principles, Practice, and Technique\" and its follow-up \"Principles of Advertising\" (1923). H... |
What were the interactions between the pope and Scandinavia? | I can answer your question regarding Norway specifically. Sadly, I do not have the knowledge to answer about the rest of Scandinavia, but from what I have about Norway there will be both crusades and investiture crisis, as well as some conflicts regarding the power of church law and national law. I will also just limit... | [
"The prehistory of this informal conference activity came to a close when in 1959 Pope John XXIII decided to send a permanent Apostolic Visitor to the five Nordic Countries (Archbishop M.H. Lucas), an arrangement which was soon to end in the formal establishment of the Apostolic Delegation to Scandinavia on March 1... |
why does the air after a lightning storm feel fresher? | When lightning passes through the air, it ionises oxygen gas (O2). As the
oxygen ions cool down, some of them will rejoin into groups of three ozone
instead of the two they were in before, forming ozone (O3). It is this ozone
that is apparently the "fresh smell" observed. | [
"Partial discharge in air causes the \"fresh air\" smell of ozone during thunderstorms or around high-voltage equipment. Although air is normally an excellent insulator, when stressed by a sufficiently high voltage (an electric field of about 3 x 10 V/m or 3 kV/mm), air can begin to break down, becoming partially c... |
why doesn't the difference between a mean tropical year and a mean gregorian year cause the seasons to shift? also, a question about sidereal years. | > Since it uses multiple points of reference (the fixed stars) rather than just one (the sun or moon), wouldn't that make it a preferable system to calculate the passage of time? Why did we structure our calendar to approximate the mean tropical year instead of the sidereal year?
Because our calendar is very old, an... | [
"A tropical year (also known as a solar year) is the time that the Sun takes to return to the same position in the cycle of seasons, as seen from Earth; for example, the time from vernal equinox to vernal equinox, or from summer solstice to summer solstice. Because of the precession of the equinoxes, the seasonal c... |
why did the german people under hitler's regime
allow hitler to be in power, knowing he was a anti-
semetic dictator? | The problem was that the German people didn't really vote for Hitler. He was never on the ballot and the Nazi party in 1933 only got about 32% of the vote in a low turnout election when it was a much broader tent party, including the thugs of the SA, who were purged in a year in the Night of Long Knives, while also ge... | [
"As early as 1936, Oster and Gisevius came to the view that a regime so totally dominated by one man could only be brought down by eliminating that man – either by assassinating Hitler or by staging an army coup against him. However, it was a long time before any significant number of Germans came to accept this vi... |
Can radio waves be created in nature? And If so, how? | Radio waves are just long wave electromagnetic waves, and are emitted by anything with a temperature (see black body radiation). | [
"Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum longer than infrared light. Like all other electromagnetic waves, they travel at the speed of light. Naturally occurring radio waves are made by lightning, or by certain astronomical objects. Artificially generated... |
Is everything a fluid? | This is true. I research the convection over long timescales of of Earth's Mantle (a high-viscosity solid), which me model as a zero-Reynolds Number, infinite Prandlt Number fluid. Picturing this is very difficult, even for myself. The flow methods are generally propagating discontinuities through the mineral crystals.... | [
"In physics, a fluid is a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress, or external force. Fluids are a phase of matter and include liquids, gases and plasmas. They are substances with zero shear modulus, or, in simpler terms, substances which cannot resist any shear force applied to the... |
how is isps selling internet usage data to advertisers worse than what facebook/google/amazon/etc is already doing? | You can (with difficulty) avoid using Google, Amazon, or Facebook. You can stay logged out while googling or use incognito to keep it from being linked to your account.
Everything you do online is through one
ISP or another. All data goes through them. You can't avoid it. If you don't want a website selling your inf... | [
"Many of the privacy advocates who oppose ISP data sharing also oppose tracking by ad networks and technology companies such as Google but find ISP tracking extra worrisome as ISPs have access to all of one's browsing data − not just data from specific sites that share their data with particular ad networks, and as... |
how to companies that advertise products and services with a no questions asked money back type of guarantee keep themselves from getting taken advantage of? | they can't. people will take advatnage of it, like what happened in costco. they had a policy you could return any item within 3 years, and people bought electronics, waited 3 years, and returned them. it made costco change their policy. but on average people as a whole won't be dicks like that. if it becomes a pr... | [
"Often, high returns encourage investors to leave their money in the scheme, so that the operator does not actually have to pay very much to investors. The operator simply sends statements showing how much they have earned, which maintains the deception that the scheme is an investment with high returns. Investors ... |
how some people can be more than just xx or xy chromosome? | The same way you can be born with any chromosomal abnormality - one of the two gametes - or both - those are the sperm and the ovum - was formed incorrectly. Perhaps when they divided, instead of one copy going into each gamete, both copies went into the same one, giving for example one sperm with XY and one with none,... | [
"48,XXYY syndrome is a condition related to the X and Y chromosomes (the sex chromosomes). People normally have 46 chromosomes in each cell. Two of the 46 chromosomes, known as X and Y, are called sex chromosomes because they help determine whether a person will develop male or female sex characteristics. Females t... |
why do they manufacture 90,91,92,93 octanes and not just use one standard mixture for all states? | 1. Different engines require different octane ratings in their fuel. Higher compression engines require a higher octane gas.
2. Different states have different requirements and regulations. CA, for example, has very strict air pollution standards. CA-legal gas is more expensive to produce, so it is not sold in states ... | [
"This conclusion is reached because the ratio of the area of octane to that of nonane is the least in mixture 1 and the most, in mixture 2. Mixture 3 has an intermediate ratio. This ratio can be written as formula_3.\n",
"In the United States, octane ratings in unleaded fuels vary between 85 and 87 AKI (91–92 RON... |
Why powerful queen such Elizabeth I, Victoria, Isabel of Spain,Maria Theresa or Elisabeth of Russia never push reforms for women rights or talk about the situation of women? | Victoria is recorded to have at least acknowledged the plight of women in her era, though her opinions are quite divided.
On one hand she wrote (of the feminist movement): " I am most anxious to enlist everyone who can speak or write to join in checking this mad, wicked folly of 'Women's Rights', with all its attenda... | [
"Other than the institution of the convent, monarchy was the major European institution allowing women an alternative to marriage and child rearing. Female monarchs of this period include: Olga of Kiev, who around AD 950, became the first Russian ruler to convert to Christianity; Italian noblewoman Matilda of Tusca... |
if parts of yugoslavia were part of the austro-hungarian empire, are there still mediterrean, west-european, and slavic minorities within these countries as a result? | To put it simply, yes.
My dad is Croatian and grew up in what is Bosnia today. Back when it was all Yugoslavia, you had a lot of small communities. There were predominantly Croatian villages, Serbian villages and so on. Larger towns were a bit more diverse. You can still see the effects of this today, because when Ser... | [
"In 1941, Yugoslav Bačka was occupied by the Axis powers and attached to Horthy's Hungary (but was still internationally recognized as part of Yugoslavia). Before this occupation, according to 1931 census, Yugoslav Bačka had 784,896 inhabitants, of whom there were 284,865 Yugoslavs (Serbs, Croats, Bunjevci, Šokci),... |
the difference between "westernization" and "economic/social/religious/etc. progress" | Westernization implies an adoption of the cultural aspects of the West, which - quite understandably, I might add - is not something that Indians, Saudis, Chinese or Russians want. They want to maintain their culture, their religion and their historical values. But *most* of them also recognize the importance of shifti... | [
"Westernization is often regarded as a part of the ongoing process of globalization. This theory proposes that Western thought has led to globalisation, and that globalisation propagates Western culture, leading to a cycle of Westernization. On top of largely Western government systems such as democracy and constit... |
Why can online videos load multiple high definition images faster than some websites load single images? | The first frame of a 1080p video will take about as long to load as a 1080p jpg.
But the next frame? It's almost identical. There's *some*\* differences here and there, but overall the same. So the next frame isn't "hey, let's send another whole jpg", but an encoding of the differences.
"Move this area down 3 pixel... | [
"The problem of packing multiple rectangles of varying widths and heights in an enclosing rectangle of minimum area (but with no boundaries on the enclosing rectangle's width or height) has an important application in combining images into a single larger image. A web page that loads a single larger image often ren... |
how does anesthesia make us unconscious but doesn't harm or shut off unconscious functions? | actually the reason you need an anesthesiologist is because if the dosages are just slightly off it totally can shut down things like your lungs and kill you.
but i mean...
i think what you were getting at, the functions of your heart beating etc, are controlled by a different part of the brain than the part that al... | [
"Anesthesia awareness occurs when general anesthesia is inadequately maintained, for a number of reasons. Typically, anesthesia is 'induced' with an intravenous drug, but 'maintained' with an inhaled anesthetic given by the anesthesiologist or nurse anesthetist (note that there are several other methods for safely ... |
Unintentional ground casualties from aerial dogfights in WWII? | It's probably not possible to definitively count the number of actual *bullets* that killed people on the ground because most aerial dogfights occurred in the vicinity of antiaircraft artillery, which killed *enormous* numbers of people on the ground. According to the article below, most of the civilian casualties at ... | [
"Every encounter in World War I aerial combat is a close range turning dogfight that can have many outcomes including the planes colliding, spinning out of control, crashing into the ground, being hit by Anti Aircraft Artillery, or being shot down or killed, depending on the game skill level set and the players ski... |
Can you describe general life on Dutch colonies (at any period) ? | First of, which colonies? You can roughly separate Dutch colonies into two groups: the settlements of actual Dutch colonists in America and the trading posts elsewhere (Ghana, Ceylon/Sri Lanka, Indonesia). The most notable Dutch settlements would be Batavia (modern Jakarta), New Amsterdam (modern New York) and Mauritss... | [
"Dirck Gorisszen Storm (1630–1716) was an early colonial American who recorded the first official history of the Dutch community at Sleepy Hollow. His book \"Het Notite Boeck der Christelyckes Kercke op de Manner of Philips Burgh\" is a rare document of life in colonial times. Sometimes referred to as \"Het Notite ... |
why is an increase from $24 to $30 a 25% increase, but a decrease from $30 to $24 a 20% decrease? | Because you take the percentage from the starting amount. 6 of 24 isn't the same percentage as 6 of 30. | [
"CBO also estimated that GDP cumulatively would be 0.3% higher by the end of 2018 due to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. A quarterly growth rate to generate a 0.3% higher cumulative total is about 0.07% per quarter, indicating the tax cuts contributed less than 0.1 percentage points to the real GDP growth rate in Q1 and... |
At the height of the Western Church's power, how confidential were confessionals? Did the Church 'make use' of information obtained in confession? | A caveat is that, prior to the Council of Trent, the practice of confession was not particularly standardized, so things varied greatly from place to place, but in general:
The notion of individual confession (i.e. one on one with a priest) developed throughout the Middle Ages, becoming standard around the 11th centur... | [
"There has never been any UK legislation, one way or the other, about the disclosure in evidence of religious confession. If the privilege had ceased to be part of the common law, legislation would be necessary to re-establish it. If it survived in the common law it can only have done so through the allowance of it... |
why is it unhealthy for me to sit at my desk for 8 consecutive hours working, but it's okay for me to lay in a bed for 8 consecutive hours. | Because that 8 hours you are in bed, you are sleeping. Something the body needs to do in order to recharge and be ready for the next day.
Sitting at a desk doesn't do anything except be part of a sedentary lifestyle. If you were to sit at a desk for 8 hours instead of sleeping, that would be one thing, but you are sit... | [
"Low-quality evidence indicates that providing employees with a standing desk option may reduce the length of time some people sit in the first year. This reduction in sitting may decrease with time. It is not clear how standing desks compare to other work-place interventions to reduce the length of time employees ... |
why did the part where i cut my banana turn brown but where i tore it off it stayed white? | When you cut the banana you broke cell walls and the oxidation went faster.
Where you tore it, the break occurred mostly between cells. | [
"Bananas are green when they are picked because of the chlorophyll their skin contains. Once picked, they begin to ripen; hormones in the bananas convert amino acids into ethylene gas, which stimulates the production of several enzymes. These enzymes start to change the color, texture and flavor of the banana. The ... |
why does two people cuddling increase their body temps? wouldn't the temperature remain the same since the added heat is dissipated between the two people? | Imagine a person being a square box, and they sleep on the upper part of the bed: ▀ .
That person has a surface area of "one box", and a perimeter of 4 sides exposed to the air.
Now add a second person to the lower part of the bed: ▄ .
That person also has a surface area of "one box" and a perimeter of 4 sides expo... | [
"Therefore, the longer one stays up the drier and warmer their bodies get and the longer one sleeps the wetter the brain and the body gets and their temperament would drop lower. Actually while one is sleeping the body temperature drops meaning that the heat would move from the surface of the body and that's why on... |
How do two interfering EM waves conserve energy in all cases? | You have the answer on your hand, you're just dismissing it on no basis. The answer is actually really on point because the issues you claim are purely "practical" are actually consequences of Maxwell's equations, the equations of motion for the EM field, which are absolutely fundamental. In fact, conservation of energ... | [
"When interfering, two waves can add together to create a wave of greater amplitude than either one (constructive interference) or subtract from each other to create a wave of lesser amplitude than either one (destructive interference), depending on their relative phase. Two waves are said to be coherent if they ha... |
Why can light other than visible light in the EMS spectrum go through walls? | See this answer: _URL_0_
> It's due to the wavelength of the light.
> The electromagnetic radiation / radio waves / whatnot is just a specific bandwidth of frequencies, which corresponds to a [specific wavelength of light](_URL_2_).
> Now the next question, why does it having a larger wavelength allow for it to ... | [
"In contrast to radio frequency waves used by Wi-Fi, lights cannot penetrate through walls and doors. This makes it more secure and makes it easier to control access to a network. As long as transparent materials like windows are covered, access to a Li-Fi channel is limited to devices inside the room.\n",
"Many ... |
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