Split (2)

train · 226k rows

question stringlengths 3 301	answer stringlengths 9 26.1k	context list
what exactly is appendicitis and is there anyway to prevent it?	It is when the appendix swells/becomes inflamed. This can be due to infection or a blockage, or even cancer. There is nothing you could have done to prevent it. It just happens to some people.	[ "Appendicitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the appendix. Pain often begins in the center of the abdomen, corresponding to the appendix's development as part of the embryonic midgut. This pain is typically a dull, poorly localized, visceral pain.\n", "Appendicitis is caused by a blockage of the ...
How does an ecosystem recover after a large wild fire?	Mostly a slow process of nature with pioneer plants like grasses and weeds coming back first, then likely insects, then brush and shrub type plants and small animals, then small trees, eventually big trees, and a full ecosystem	[ "Although some ecosystems rely on naturally occurring fires to regulate growth, some ecosystems suffer from too much fire, such as the chaparral in southern California and lower-elevation deserts in the American Southwest. The increased fire frequency in these ordinarily fire-dependent areas has upset natural cycle...
why can i wake up when i want to? (no alarm)	Not sure if this is the right answer but a girlfriend told me I woke up all through the night to check the time without realizing it. Try taking a clock out of your room and see if you can still do it.	[ "The 'wake up' notification uses several progressively more annoying alerts to wake one up. First it will send an SMS message to their phone. If that fails, more coercive means will be used. The kit includes an industrial-sized bucket and is designed to be connected to their water main for automatic filling. In add...
Is it possible to have this type of triplets?	Definitely possible. The case you describe are called dizygotic triplets. I can't find statistics on the prevalence, even for developed countries. There's a lot of factors that contribute to multiple pregnancy, and different regions have very different rates. Sorry I can't help more, but at least you've got a search te...	[ "Triplets can be either fraternal, identical, or a combination of both. The most common are strictly fraternal triplets, which come from a polyzygotic pregnancy of three eggs. Less common are triplets from a dizygotic pregnancy, where one zygote divides into two identical fetuses, and the other doesn't. Least commo...
What countries, if any, were welcoming to Jewish refugees before and during WW2?	I'm not sure if this is considered an adequate source, but I've spent a lot of time reading old Australian newspapers from this time period. Overall, Jewish refugees had integrated into Australian society well before WW2, and the Jewish community were active in promoting acceptance of more Jewish refugees in the period...	[ "Between 1930 and 1939, Canada rejected almost all Jewish refugees from Nazi Europe, taking in only 4,000 of the 800,000 Jews looking for refuge, as documented in the book \"\", co-authored by the Canadian historians Irving Abella and Harold Troper and published in 1983. The sailed from Hamburg in May 1939, carryin...
If I pushed a rod that was one light year long, would a person at the other end of the rod see it move at the same time I pushed the rod?	The push will propogate at the speed of sound in the rod, which is (for a real rod) less than the speed of light.	[ "The downward acceleration of the rod, which is simultaneous in the grate's frame of reference, is not simultaneous in the rod's frame of reference. In the rod's frame of reference, the front of the rod is first accelerated downward (shown in cell 3 of the drawing), and as time goes by, more and more of the rod is ...
If I shone some red light onto a solid comprised of atoms that absorb the red light, what colour would it be or what would it look like?	Assuming that the solid is perfectly absorbing, at first you would get no light reflected/transmitted at all. Depending on the properties, the material may start re-emitting the red light as the electrons that have been excited to higher energy levels drop down and re-emit the light. Another possibility is that you'l...	[ "If one percent of the aluminium ions are replaced by chromium in ruby, the yellow-green absorption results in a red color for the gem. Additionally, absorption at any of the above wavelengths stimulates fluorescent emission of 694-nanometer-wavelength red light, which adds to its red color and perceived luster.\n"...
how do supermarkets not get fruit flies while one batch of bananas can bring dozens of flies within the hour back at my apartment?	fruit is usually delivered in a refrigerated truck where the truck is kept at such a low temperature that hatched fruit flies don't have a high chance of survival but wont hurt the fruit and when they are brought into the store they usually pass through a door that has a blower aimed down from the top of the door to pr...	[ "Fruit flies are attracted to ripened fruits and vegetables, usually in the kitchen area, but will breed in garbage disposals, empty bottles and cans, wet or damp mops or cleaning rags, and trash containers. The only requirement for these flies to breed is a moist film of fermenting material. Infestations can origi...
the effects of an eu country going completely bankrupt on everyone else.	I think these two posts might be able to help you out: [effects on the euro](_URL_3_) and again [here](_URL_0_). As for the effects on your average Greek, these posts explain it quite nicely: [rioting in Greece](_URL_1_), [again here](_URL_4_) and from the [point of view of a Greek](_URL_5_) You might also want to ta...	[ "BULLET::::- Significant costs on governments and taxpayers can be caused. In extreme cases, the country's borrowing costs can be raised, or the country can even be bankrupted, as in the Ireland bailout of 2008. The IMF said that \"the failure to bail-in unsecured creditors to a bank rescue that cost Irish taxpayer...
what makes some country prone to military coup while others don't?	Various reasons. Stable countries tend to have civilian control of the military(Elected President is Commander and Chief of the U.S. Armed Forces). From there you could factor in history of coups making a new one more likely, corruption of the government making the general population more likely to support a coup, a la...	[ "According to Naunihal Singh, author of \"Seizing Power: The Strategic Logic of Military Coups\" (2014), it is \"fairly rare\" for the prevailing existing government to violently purge the army after a coup has been foiled. If it starts the mass killing of elements of the army, including officers who were not invol...
my gas tank is lower on really cold mornings, and reads more full once the day warms up. does temperature of the gasoline affect the efficiency of the rate at which the fuel is burned?	The engine has to run richer in order to function when cool, and this uses more fuel. The thicker oil in the engine and transmission takes more power to push around. It also takes extra fuel to push water (or sow) away as you drive. Balancing all this, cold fuel is more dense, and contains more energy per litre.	[ "The reference temperature for gasoline volume measurement is 60 °F or 15 °C. Ten gallons of gasoline at that temperature expands to about at and contracts to about at . Each of the three volumes represents the same theoretical amount of energy. In one sense, ten gallons of gasoline purchased at 30 °F is about 3.2%...
why is norway's gdp per capita (nominal) so high (all sources state at least $97,000, compared to e.g. uk/germany which are $45,000) but wages aren't all that high?	Norway has enormous petroleum resources which are distributed amongst the population in various ways. This tends to elevate the standard of living.	[ "Norwegians enjoy the second-highest GDP per-capita among European countries (after Luxembourg), and the sixth-highest GDP (PPP) per-capita in the world. Today, Norway ranks as the second-wealthiest country in the world in monetary value, with the largest capital reserve per capita of any nation. According to the C...
Does pressurizing water purify it?	Pressurizing the water would not "purify" it in the strict sense of removing other things in the water but could make it safe to drink by killing bacteria that are living in it. The exact pressure necessary would depend on the bacteria, but very high pressures would be needed, and would be extremely inefficient. The...	[ "Cavitating water purification devices have also been designed, in which the extreme conditions of cavitation can break down pollutants and organic molecules. Spectral analysis of light emitted in sonochemical reactions reveal chemical and plasma-based mechanisms of energy transfer. The light emitted from cavitatio...
One question that Google and history books keep giving me different answers for, what was the full name of Emperor Caligula?	Caligula's full name was Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus, son of Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus, whose name before his adoption by Tiberius was Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus. After the death of Tiberius Caligula was granted the title Augustus by the senate. Those are all perfectly acceptable versions of his name. I d...	[ "The existence of at least the first nine Emperors is disputed due to insufficient material available for further verification and study. \"Annei\" is thus regarded by historians as a \"legendary Emperor\", and is considered to have been the second of eight Emperors without specific legends associated with them. Th...
how do i start learning about politics and world news?	Philosophy first. You have to look at things with an open mind to learn. I'd start with philosophy concerning collectivism vs individualism. Then you can understand better what left vs right politic actually is. Collectivist thinking is left of center individualist are right. There is a relatively huge middle ground,...	[ "BULLET::::- \"Hírvilág\" (\"\"World of News\"\"): Weekly 25 minute long programme which concentrates on foreign political affairs. The focus is on political investigations, analysis of the news backgrounds, and reporting on recent events and today's questions.\n", "The program is based on the idea of finding the...
Why has South Korea seem to have developed so well in comparison to other countries used as US vs Soviet proxy wars?	A lot of the reason behind South Korea's rapid economic development has to do with the way Park Chung Hye implemented modernizing and reform policies, and how he funded them. There are literally thousands of examples, but my favorite anecdote involves the use of ROKA's best units to support the American war effort in V...	[ "Before 1970, relations between the two countries were generally hostile, due to the Soviet Union supporting China and North Korea during the Korean War. The United States maintained military bases and nuclear weapons in South Korea, which the Soviet Union viewed as a threat to its security.\n", "Because at the t...
What do we know about female medieval knights?	There were never, to my knowledge, any orders of knighthood specifically dedicated to women alone. There were women in some of the military orders, like the Knights Hospitaller, but they were usually addressed as 'sister' and were not awarded knightly status. One military order, the Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary, d...	[ "Unlike the male knights, it was virtually unimaginable to see women taking part in medieval battles or commanding battalions of soldiers, but there are exceptions. Joan of Arc is the most famous. Some wore armour, others commanded troops, and some were members of an official order of chivalry. One woman to wear fu...
how exactly do certain drugs, whether legal or not, change personality traits of a person?	Hallucinogens, like LSD and Mushrooms, can cause large perspective differences to things and thoughts in completely different ways that elements of ones ego surpresses. Many people, when their normal filters are in place, can discover very different interconnectedness between things than they ever felt before. It can...	[ "Drugs (especially opioids and stimulants) can change the motivational patterns of a person and lead to desocialization and degradation of personality. Acquisition of the drugs some times involves black market activities and leads to criminal social circle.\n", "Data analysis demonstrated that higher scores for N...
[Engineering] Is it physically and structurally possible to build a large warship like those of Star Wars?	In space, there's no gravity to put strain on structures that would collapse on earth. Assuming you had enough raw materials to build the ship, and the fuel to take the pieces into orbit, the only limiting factor for the size of a vehicle constructed in orbit is when it starts being affected by its own gravity. And, o...	[ "BULLET::::- In 2E, the only spaceships that could be built were Cruisers, Carriers, Dreadnoughts, and Fighters. 3E introduced Destroyers (cheaper and weaker than Cruisers, but more mobile than Fighters), and War Suns (expensive and powerful super ships).\n", "The were built at the beginning of the Pacific War. T...
Are "body talents" (wiggling ears, moving eyebrows independently, tongue and eye tricks, etc...) determined through genetics, or are they all learnable skills?	[Double-jointedness](_URL_0_) is caused by weakened or misformed muscles and tendons. It does seems to run in the family, which suggests a genetic link, but no further conclusions have been made. It can also be the result of some [inherited diseases](_URL_1_). Other than that, I have no idea of how to find explanation...	[ "Later in section two, Combe begins his discussion of Phrenology and the inheritance of human traits. He states, \"Mental talents and dispositions are determined by the size and constitution of the brain. The brain is a portion of our organized system, and as such, is subject to the organic laws, by one of which it...
how can two batteries be the same size but have different voltages and a small battery can have higher voltage than a big battery	Batteries are a result of a simple chemical reaction of 2 dissimilar metals and an electrolyte. For example a [galvanized nail, a copper penny and a potato](_URL_0_). The basic chemical reaction creates voltage, where the size of the surface area of the nail and penny creates current. If you stick 10 nails and pennie...	[ "They stand apart from other batteries in their high charge density (long life) and high cost per unit. Depending on the design and chemical compounds used, lithium cells can produce voltages from (comparable to a zinc–carbon or alkaline battery) to about .\n", "The complete nomenclature for a battery specifies s...
Are larger numbers "closer" to infinity?	Yes, as long as you're careful and do things with a certain level of formality in order to avoid appealing to "gut" notions that often mislead when dealing with unintuitive things. To do this we need to think of ∞ geometrically. We are, afterall, trying to talk about relative distance. To do this, we should look at th...	[ "As becomes extremely large, the value of approaches 2, and the value of can be made as close to 2 as one could wish just by picking sufficiently large. In this case, the limit of as approaches infinity is 2. In mathematical notation,\n", "In this chapter Fatio examines the connections between the term \"infinity...
the debate on private prisons	Some people believe that privatization would be cheaper and produce better results then government run prisons because of competition in the market. If they don't perform well the government will simply move to someone else who can deliver results. It's a basic principle of capitalism. Others fear that private prison...	[ "Private prisons are controversial. The main arguments for private prisons are that it can save money, that contracts can attach profit motives to reducing recidivism/better conditions, and that it can allow for a poorly performing operator to be removed and replaced. The main arguments against contracting prisons ...
is an colored object still colored when it's in total darkness?	It depends on how you define color. If color is something you perceive than the answer is no, the absence of light prevents you from perceiving color, so there is no color. If you define color as an intrinsic quality depending on the object’s pigments and the frequency of the waves it reflects when hit with light, than...	[ "In terms of physics, an object is said to be dark when it absorbs photons, causing it to appear dim compared to other objects. For example, matte black paint does not reflect much visible light and appears dark, whereas white paint reflects lots of light and appears bright. For more information see color. An objec...
if a blocked nose is caused by inflammation then how does the blockage switch sides so freely?	The inflammation is caused by an involuntary part of your brain to stop further germs/bacteria/viruses from entering your body so your immune system doesn't get overloaded. It switches each side so one side doesn't get too exposed to the bacteria before being re-inflamed/re-mucus-ed.	[ "The paranasal sinuses are joined to the nasal cavity via small orifices called ostia. These become blocked easily by allergic inflammation, or by swelling in the nasal lining that occurs with a cold. If this happens, normal drainage of mucus within the sinuses is disrupted, and sinusitis may occur. Because the max...
How are raw alpha particles and electrons collected for use in experiments?	The alpha particles were never “collected”, they just used an alpha source. Some materials are radioactive, and decay by alpha emission. They can be used as a source of alpha particles with discrete energies. If you find a material with only one alpha transition, you have an essentially monoenergetic source. But that l...	[ "An alpha particle X-ray spectrometer (APXS) is a spectrometer that analyses the chemical element composition of a sample from the scattered alpha particles, and fluorescent X-rays after the sample is irradiated with alpha particles and X-rays from radioactive sources. This method of analysing the elemental composi...
how to spiders make that first connecting silk strand?	Spider silk is so light that the wind can carry it almost horizontally. So they just start putting out a new strang into the air, and keep going until it catches on some remote object.	[ "Spider silk is a protein fibre spun by spiders. Spiders use their silk to make webs or other structures, which function as sticky nets to catch other animals, or as nests or cocoons to protect their offspring, or to wrap up prey. They can also use their silk to suspend themselves, to float through the air, or to g...
Question about DNA Translation	The DNA has promoter regions and other physical properties that tell the translational machinery where to start, which direction to go and where to stop. The complementary strand of DNA may or may not ever be used for translation. I can only find the one paper that mentions multi-directional translation in humans, an...	[ " Translation is the process by which a mature mRNA molecule is used as a template for synthesizing a new protein. Translation is carried out by ribosomes, large complexes of RNA and protein responsible for carrying out the chemical reactions to add new amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain by the formation of...
Why does smoking impair our sense of smell?	The receptors of smell consist of a small area of neuroepithelial cells (the olfactory mucosa) that are located along the superior and middle turbinates and upper part of the nasal septum. The surface of the epithelium has a mucous layer secreted by submucosal Bowman's glands. Within its secretions are immunoglobulins ...	[ "Sidestream tobacco smoke, or exhaled mainstream smoke, is particularly harmful. Because exhaled smoke exists at lower temperatures than inhaled smoke, chemical compounds undergo changes which can cause them to become more dangerous. As well, smoke undergoes changes as it ages, which causes the transformation of th...
Why didn't the Romans,and the Carthaginians before them,sail down the African coast to make other conquests?	For the Carthaginians, their empire can best be styled as a thalassocracy, which means rule of the sea (think Athens and Venice). They didn't make many land claims, preferring to have some outposts, while maintaining a dominant position in the sea in order to dominate trade in the region. They might have sought to expa...	[ "Rather than sail direct from Phintias for North Africa, the Romans sailed west, intending to cross the Strait of Sicily at its narrowest point. This would minimise the time the fleet spent in the open sea; ships of the time, especially the less seaworthy galleys, kept in sight of land whenever possible. The Cartha...
How did WW2 tactics change after modern anti-tank weapons such as the US Bazooka, the Soviet RPG and the German panzerfaust became more popular in 1942-43 ?	For the Americans, tank fighting in built-up or wooded areas became much more hazardous, especially now that every German in a bush on the side of the road could kill you, as well as your three or four crewmates. Tanks are not good in areas where their routes are predictable (or, where they lack room to maneuver or rev...	[ "Research occasioned by World War II produced such weapons as the American Bazooka and German Panzerfaust, which combined portability with effectiveness against armored vehicles, such as tanks. The Soviet-developed RPG-7 is the most widely distributed, recognizable and used RPG in the world. The basic design of thi...
what is the evolutionary benefit of enjoying music or art (or why do we enjoy it at all)?	I don't think there is any significant evolutionary benefit to either. Liking art and music is just a side-effect. Human beings have developed senses to help them survive. Certain things are pleasing to those senses. Usually those pleasant things are things that help us survive - the taste of fruit, the feeling of su...	[ "If neural pathways can be stimulated with entertainment there is a higher chance that it will be more easily accessible. This illustrates why music is so powerful and can be used in such a myriad of different therapies. Music that is enjoyable to a person illicit an interesting response that we are all aware of. L...
the situation going on at mizzou	I second this question. I've heard the stories on NPR, and done cursory web searching, but I'm not seeing what the deal is. 1) Somebody allegedly yells racist comments. 2) Swastica in feces in a bathroom 3) ???? 4) President forced to resign I mean, it sounds like there's gotta be something else going on. ...	[ "Zakari Ibrahim, the Comptroller General of the Nigerian Prisons Services who confirm the attack claimed that the cause of the prison break was unclear. The incident resulted in the remover of Omobitan, the officer-in-charge of the facility from office for negligence of duty.\n", "El Centro College canceled all c...
why do drug commercials always have fine print that says "see our printed ad in 'obscure magazine'? (examples within)	It's an FDA requirement. The full details of side effects, conflicts with other drugs, results of certain clinical trials, etc. have to be published and it is impossible to attach that stuff to a radio or TV ad so the FDA allows companies to just tell you where you can go read it. They'd much rather (I am certain) tel...	[ "Print ads must contain a standard notice that instructs patients to report negative side effects to the FDA's MedWatch program. In ads carried on broadcast media, such as television commercials, only the major side effects are typically listed, and the ad contains blurbs directing viewers to where they can obtain ...
What will replace plastic once we exhaust oil?	There is plenty of natural gas. It can be readily reformed to syn gas and then on to plastics.	[ "Improvement in filtration technologies and processes has now made recycling a viable option (with rising price of base stock and crude oil). Typically various filtration systems remove particulates, additives and oxidation products and recover the base oil. The oil may get refined during the process. This base oil...
how are today’s complex video games like red dead redemption 2 or battlefield v programmed to account for an almost infinite amount of variables and to have realistic physics?	One method which is widely used is object-oriented programming. This allows you to abstract things away by encasing them in an object or class which is responsible for its own behavior. For instance, let's consider a shooter game. We create an object called a "bullet." Bullets might differ - big ones do more damage, s...	[ "Real-time combat can import features from action games, creating a hybrid action RPG game genre. But other RPG battle systems such as the \"Final Fantasy\" battle systems have imported real-time choices without emphasizing coordination or reflexes. Other systems combine real-time combat with the ability to pause t...
what decides the maximum altitude a plane can fly?	Depends on the plane. If the cabin is unpressurized, you can't effectively fly higher than ~40,000' before your pilot is guaranteed unconscious. Also, as the air gets thinner, the stall speed (the speed at which the wings no longer provide lift) gets higher. At the same time, the reduced oxygen means the maximum thru...	[ "In aviation and aviation meteorology, flight level (FL) is an aircraft's altitude at standard air pressure, expressed in hundreds of feet. The air pressure is computed assuming an International Standard Atmosphere pressure of 1013.25 hPa (29.92 inHg), and therefore is not necessarily the same as the aircraft's act...
why has it been so difficult for austin pd to find the person/people responsible for these bombings?	Finding someone who has mailed or left something is way harder then TV or Films make it seem.	[ "Police found a 25-minute video on Conditt's phone in which he described the devices and confessed to the bombings, but the video does not explain how he chose his victims. Austin police chief Brian Manley described the video as \"the outcry of a very challenged young man talking about challenges in his life that l...
what is the cause of a whistling "s" for some as they get older?	Most likely explanation - dentures. Natural changes in the gums and jaw over time can be a factor. Gums change, and over time bone underneath the gum can shrink. The change is progressive, so seniors don't notice it. But their dentures no longer fit properly.	[ "Age-related hearing loss gradually occurs in many people as they get older, typically affecting those over the age of 65. This type of hearing loss can lead to feelings of embarrassment and isolation due to the fact that those affected may no longer be able to hear family, friends, or simple everyday sounds. Those...
What do we know of the pre-christian pagan gods of Europe?	Honestly, it depends a lot on the given region and religion. With the Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians, we have a lot of religious writings, ritual instructions and calendars, and archeological evidence. There are a few holes in our knowledge, such as with the mystery cults of late antiquity, but we have a reasonably dece...	[ "There are many signs of pagan practices being carried over first into Christianity and later into Islam in Bosnia and Herzegovina – for example, the use of the mountain tops as a place of worship, and the name of pagan gods, such as Perun and Thor, that survived in oral tradition until the twentieth century. Slavi...
Why are fungi (mushrooms) often demonized and feared in western culture compared to other cultures?	Short answer: Check your assumptions. Mushrooms can be delicious, they can also be deadly: this likely explains most attitudes towards them Discussion: Your question has an assumption which begs for evidence: are "fungi (mushrooms) often demonized and feared in western culture compared to other cultures"? I...	[ "Fleshy fungi consumed include members of the following genera: \"Agaricus\", \"Amanita\", \"Boletus\", \"Hypholoma\", \"Lepiota\", \"Lycopedon\", \"Russula\" and \"Tuber\". Mushrooms poisonous to humans are consumed by Abert's squirrels without difficulty, including destroying angels (\"A. bisporigera\" and \"A. o...
When I swallow water, does it just "rain" into my stomach, or does it slowly work its way down?	I'm not sure about water, but barium sulfate liquid (which is lot denser than water) sticks to the sides of the esophagus and the stomach, so I presume water would do the same. Watch this at about 38s to 45s in: _URL_0_ The black stuff is the barium liquid, so imagine that's water.	[ "While the vomit response is commonly assumed to be a chemical reaction between the two foods, the reaction may also occur due simply to the large amount of food and drink ingested within a short period. Dietitian Heather Boline observes that the human stomach can only hold around two cups, saying \"Too much food o...
Was Afghanistan ever succesfully conquered and controlled by someone other than the mongols?	Several external empires have successfully conquered and held the territory that would become Afghanistan. Pre-historic archaeological evidence shows that the [Indus Valley Civilization](_URL_5_) had outposts as far northwest as modern Afghanistan, and the ancient nomadic [Indo-Europeans](_URL_0_) conquered the region,...	[ "After the Mongol invasion and destruction, the Timurids rebuilt the area and once again made it a center of Islamic learning. Shia Islam made its way to southern Afghanistan during the Safavid rule in the 16th century. Until Mir Wais Hotak liberated the Afghans in 1709, the Kandahar region of Afghanistan was often...
how do we know precisely the locations of the geographic poles? and how did we know our location relative to them before gps?	From the best I can find it is a mixture of using nautical and aerial charts and a sextant to accurately measure the Latitude and Longitude using celestial observation. The navigation was verified later by looking at the recorded sextant data and checking it with charts. The first verified successful attempt for the no...	[ "In geography, the location of any point on the Earth can be identified using a \"geographic coordinate system\". This system specifies the latitude and longitude of any location in terms of angles subtended at the centre of the Earth, using the equator and (usually) the Greenwich meridian as references.\n", "Pri...
how do "producer", "produced by:", "executive producer(s)" and "co-executive producer" differ from one another in the opening sequence of a movie or series?	Producer: They are the CEO of the movie. They helm the ship from idea to distribution Executive producer: They are the CFO of the movie. They manage the accounting and finance for a production company, independent financier, or contribute the money themselves. Line Producer: They are the managers of the movie. ...	[ "The executive producer oversees all of the other producers working on the same project. They make sure that the producers are fulfilling their roles on the given production. They can also be in charge of managing the film's finances and handling all other business aspects of the film.\n", "Executive producer (EP...
How are we able to donate blood?	Consider that if we could not replace or afford to lose any blood, all injuries would be fatal. Here is some information on red blood cell production _URL_0_	[ "Donations can also be taken by machines called cell separators, usually in larger blood donation centres located in city centres. These machines use a process called apheresis to collect either blood plasma only, or plasma and platelets, the other blood cells being returned to the patient. Platelets are the tiny f...
Since alternating current is truly "alternating" why are most 2 pronged plugs (U.S) built with one prong wider than the other, forcing it to be used in the socket in only one direction?	There is a ton of over complicated explanations and arguing over the relatively simple design of household AC circuits here. There is a very simple answer to this. In North America, the wider prong was added as a safety feature to ensure the neutral was connected where its supposed to be. Some appliances have relativ...	[ "Alternating current is different from direct current in that the current can flow through what would ordinarily seem to be a physical barrier. In a series circuit, a capacitor blocks direct current but passes alternating current.\n", "Power strips are generally considered a safer alternative to “double adapters”...
How do we detect new, exotic, stable particles in the LHC and other similar colliders?	Stable and long-living particles are harder to find than short-living particles, but stable particles are also less common (we don't see any of them around on Earth apart from the few known stable particles). If they have an electric charge, we can measure them going through the detector. They would typically be heavy...	[ "A historic method of secondary particle detection still used for demonstration purposes involves the use of cloud chambers to detect the secondary muons created when a pion decays. Cloud chambers in particular can be built from widely available materials and can be constructed even in a high-school laboratory. A f...
does companies pay a website less if people are using adblock? how do they know?	it depends on the type of ad. basically you can categorize it in 3 groups: 1. ads payed by views. so if your browser/site thinks that ad is viewed it's paid. but in many cases it's based on statitics for the site. 2. ads payed by clicks. so it's paid when someone clicks it. you don't see ad - it's hard to click it. ...	[ "Ad blocking can also save money for the user. If a user's personal time is worth one dollar per minute, and if unsolicited advertising adds an extra minute to the time that the user requires for reading the webpage (i.e. the user must manually identify the ads as ads, and then click to close them, or use other tec...
Looking for a population history of Native Americans	hi! just a heads up that this sub is inundated with April Fools content right now, so if your question doesn't get answered, do resubmit when normal service has been resumed in a couple of days.	[ "\"The U.S. census decennial enumerations indicate a Native American population growth for the United States that has been nearly continuous since 1900 (except for an influenza epidemic in 1918 that caused serious losses), to 1.42 million by 1980 and to over 1.9 million by 1990.\" In the 2000 census, there were 2.5...
When and Where did the painting of wooden buildings become prevalent?	Driving force part of your question is pretty easy: wood is degraded by light ( mostly ultraviolet), eaten by fungi, and insects, and heat plus water/humidity enable the rot and the bugs. In places of extreme cold or extreme dryness wood will survive a fairly long time ( so the very dry US Western desert is not going...	[ "By the proper onset of the Industrial Revolution, in the mid-18th century, paint was being ground in steam-powered mills, and an alternative to lead-based pigments had been found in a white derivative of zinc oxide. Interior house painting increasingly became the norm as the 19th century progressed, both for decor...
When a solution becomes saturated, what prevents further solute from dissolving?	Here's my best shot at answering your question: Solvation is an equilibrium process. This means that there are two forces at work - the propensity of the solvent to separate (in this case, be ripped apart by the force of water's polarity), and the propensity of the solute to remain solid (In the case of silver chlorid...	[ "Supersaturated solutions will also undergo crystallization under specific conditions. In a normal solution, once the maximum amount of solute is dissolved, adding more solute would either cause the dissolved solute to precipitate out and/or for the solute to not dissolve at all. Similarly, there are cases wherein ...
how do excessive compulsive disorders work in the brain?	Basically a part of the brain is overstimulated, that part of the brain then sends a message saying something is wrong with the environment, brain then concludes that something is dirty and must be cleaned to fix the problem (or whatever the OCD is). Cleaning is finished but brain is still over stimulated and sends the...	[ "suggests that Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) can be caused by delayed maturation of the frontal striatal circuitry or parts of the brain that make up the frontal cortex, striatum, or integrating circuits. Some researchers suspect that variations in the volume of specific brain structures can be observed in ch...
how the hell do i use the various toilets of the world? there was just a hole in the floor and a water tap in saudi arabia. and a bidet? wtf.	I live in the Middle East and sometimes you end up seeing one of those holes in the floor toilets. Takes some getting used too, but its easy. Urination should be obvious, but your second 'duty' is not hard at all. Just squat over the hole and go for it. THey normally have like a hose next to the toilet you use to squi...	[ "Western-style flush toilets in Japan commonly include water-saving features such as the ability to choose between a \"big\" flush and a \"little\" flush (dual flush toilets). Many toilets also route the water to fill the tank through a faucet over the tank allowing users to rinse their hands.\n", "\"High-tech\" ...
Do black holes absorb heat, effectively cooling thier surroundings in an opposite manner than stars?	It is predicted that black holes emit [Hawking radiation](_URL_0_) and have a temperature that is inversely proportional to their mass. A solar mass black hole is very cold (60 nanoKelvin) and will cool its surroundings,	[ "A more extreme version of this occurs with black holes. According to black-hole thermodynamics, the more mass and energy a black hole absorbs, the colder it becomes. In contrast, if it is a net emitter of energy, through Hawking radiation, it will become hotter and hotter until it boils away.\n", "Although plane...
what exactly are buy backs and why are people against it?	Buyback is a mechanic used in many RPG's to buyback mistakenly sold items. Most people are against it because a) the sold items is usually of an earlier level 2) many times you have to pay more ducats than what you received for selling said item and III) many times you have to travel far and wide to buyback said item.	[ "BULLET::::- Buy-Back is the strategy whereby the auctioneer or seller bids on a lot and buys it back to protect it from being sold to the highest bidder for an insufficient price. This is fraud if the auction is advertised as an \"absolute auction\", meaning there are no reserve bids.\n", "Upselling is a sales t...
When heated to a high enough temperature, some substances melt, while other substances reach a flash point and burn. What is the fundamental physical or chemical difference between substances that melt vs. burn?	Burning is more combustion, so oxygen. If you mean decomposition, well that depends on a variety of factors from self recombination reactions to bond dissociation energies. Some flammable objects have both a flash point (lowest temp needed to ignite upon ignition source) and auto ignition temperatures (when enough en...	[ "Chemical reactions happen at a characteristic reaction rate at a given temperature and chemical concentration. Typically, reaction rates increase with increasing temperature because there is more thermal energy available to reach the activation energy necessary for breaking bonds between atoms.\n", "The melting ...
why does blood pressure raise abnormally when getting angry or stressed out?	When you get stressed your body released more of a hormone called cortisol from your adrenal glands. This hormone among other things increases blood pressure. The point of a stress hormone like cortisol is to help when you're distress $like sick, or fighting/running from a saber toothed tiger$. The problem is the ben...	[ "BULLET::::- Stress plays a relatively minor role in hypertension. Specific relaxation therapies are not supported by the evidence. \"Acute\" stress has been shown to \"temporarily\" increase blood-pressure levels. Evidence from observational studies has shown a possible association between chronic stress and a sus...
If you were obese throughout your 20s and 30s but then went back to a normal size, how would that affect your life expectancy?	the stress of the obesity itself is the biggest issue, the said extra weight and excess resources straining your system, but to REMOVE that stress...your body is an incredible machine. if you put good stuff in it and take care of it, use your muscles (including your brain!), you can repair a lot of damage.	[ "Life expectancy projections are averages for an entire male population, and many medical and lifestyle factors modify these numbers. For example, studies have shown that a 40-year-old man will lose 3.1 years of life if he is overweight (BMI 25–29) and 5.8 years of life if he is obese (BMI 30 or more), compared to ...
is the susan g. komen foundation reliable?	It's consistent, and reliable. Just not in a positive way. 15% of their revenue goes to breast cancer research and a lot of their time and money goes into suing other organizations which they feel impede on their intellectual property.	[ "In 2006, she was chosen as president and CEO of Susan G. Komen for the Cure, the world’s largest grassroots organization working to eradicate breast cancer through education, awareness, public policy and science throughout the globe. While at Komen, Moddelmog established a Scientific Advisory Board with an annual ...
What is the property on the sound wave that gives it its distinct cuality	[timbre](_URL_0_) Pronounced like "tamber" not "timber"	[ "With waveforms containing many overtones, complex transient timbres can be achieved by assigning each overtone to its own distinct transient amplitude envelope. Unfortunately, this has the effect of modulating the loudness of the sound as well. It makes more sense to separate loudness and harmonic quality to be pa...
Biologists: If we found complex life on other planets, which of their anatomical features would most likely resemble our own?	You can actually answer this systematically. Anything that has evolved multiple times on earth is likely to evolve on a different planet, under similar evolutionary pressures. I'm not a biologists, but eyes have evolved 7ish times, and symmetry in multicelular organisms has repeated appeared. So I'd expect these to re...	[ "The majority of the species isolated are not well understood or characterized and cannot be cultured in labs, and are known only from DNA fragments obtained with swabs. On a contaminated planet, it might be difficult to distinguish the DNA of extraterrestrial life from the DNA of life brought to the planet by the ...
is the number of open gays increasing or is the ratio because of the change in times?	Both. Population increase and the fact that people are not as afraid to come out and say they are because ridicule is less than it once was.	[ "The variance in prevalence rates is reflected in people's inconsistent responses to the different components of sexual orientation within a study and the instability of their responses over time. Laumann et al., (1994) found that among U.S. adults 20% of those who would be considered homosexual on one component of...
what changes are made to a male's vocal cords during puberty ?	The larynx expands outward (back to front), which lengthens the vocal cords and expands the volume of space where the voice can resonate. The sinuses also expand as a person's skull grows (and there are changes in the shape of skulls of both men and women as well that come with hormones), which also expands the hollow...	[ "Puberty usually lasts from 2–5 years, and typically occurs between the ages of 12 to 17. During puberty, voice change is controlled by sex hormones. In females during puberty, the vocal muscle thickens slightly, but remains very supple and narrow. The squamous mucosa also differentiates into three distinct layers ...
how a star floating around space, not orbiting a star, is formed?	> How a star floating around space, not orbiting a star, is formed? I'm assuming that the first "star" in that sentence is suppose to be "planet", and you're referring to [this](_URL_0_). So: The same way a normal star, and accompanying planets, are formed. Gas in a nebula collapses due to gravity. The only diffe...	[ "Stars form via the gravitational collapse of gas clouds, but smaller objects can also form via cloud-collapse. Planetary-mass objects formed this way are sometimes called sub-brown dwarfs. Sub-brown dwarfs may be free-floating such as Cha 110913-773444 and OTS 44, or orbiting a larger object such as 2MASS J0441448...
why are the males weaker than the females in the insect world?	The females have more to do! They have to make sure they get the best sperm (though there are lots of ways to do this), they have to lay the eggs, and often they have to carry/protect/provide for the young. This isn’t always the case, though. In American Burying Beetles, the male and the female both care for the youn...	[ "Male individuals are often found to be more active and agile whereas females are physically more powerful. One of the outcomes of these morphological variations is that only males and very young females are able to fly. Adult females are generally too large and heavy for their wings to enable a take-off.\n", "Ot...
why does opening a warm soda seem to increase the chance of a fizz explosion more so than a cold soda?	This is a basic principle of science: The colder water is, the more gas it can hold. Think of it like the reverse of dissolving sugar in water, where the hotter it is the more sugar it can hold. As the soda temperature rises, the amount of gas that the soda can hold decreases, so gas has to escape.	[ "Normally, this process is relatively slow, because the activation energy for this process is high. The activation energy for a process like bubble nucleation depends on where the bubble forms. It is highest for bubbles that form in the liquid itself (homogeneous nucleation), and lower if the bubble forms on some o...
in the 1780s how common was illiteracy in the newly founded United States?	It's difficult to gauge literacy rates in this period, as there were, as one could guess, no systems in place to measure this. Moreover, the standards for measuring literacy by today's historians, as reading and writing were often taught as separate skills in the eighteenth century. If being able to sign one's name is ...	[ "Before the 20th century white illiteracy was not uncommon and many of the slave states made it illegal to teach slaves to read. By 1900 the situation had improved somewhat, but 44% of black people remained illiterate. There were significant improvements for African American and other races in the early 20th centur...
if honeybees didn’t exist in the new world until europeans arrived, as an invasive species why are they so critical to the ecosystem in north america?	1) There are other species of bees which are native to the New World (like mason bees). Problems that affect honeybees also affect these native bees. 2) Many industrial orchards do not support their own bee colonies. They rely on traveling beekeepers who move their hives from field to field following the flowering o...	[ "\"Apis mellifera\" is not native to the Americas, so it was not present upon the arrival of the European explorers and colonists. However, other native bee species were kept and traded by indigenous peoples. In 1622, European colonists brought the European dark bee (\"A. m. mellifera\") to the Americas first, foll...
why do microscopic organisms (bacteria etc.) look like they're cgi under a microscope.	A lot of people are making good points, but I have a great deal of experience in microscopy and would like to sum things up. The electron microscope (EM) does not produce a photograph at all. Rather it produces a topography, or a bump map. If you've seen a map of the ocean floor, with deeper areas colored darker, thi...	[ "Fluorescent microscopy allows the direct visualization of molecules at the subcellular level, in both live and fixed cells. Molecules of interest are marked with either green fluorescent protein (GFP), another fluorescent protein, or a fluorescently-labeled antibody. Several types of microscope are regularly used:...
Why don't cars allow you to select windshield defrost and mid level air at the same time? Do car engineers think it's impossible that I might want to warm up my hands at the same time I defrost my window? Why is "defrost alone" or "defrost and feet" the only option?	There's a single fan, with valves to route the air to the different sets of vents. You can split the air between two ducts that are next to each other at the distribution point, but not between ducts that are farther apart. Defrost is on the end of the pattern where you can split it with floor because * It's better t...	[ "Power windows have become so common that by 2008, some automakers eliminated hand crank windows from all their models. So many vehicles now have power windows that some people no longer understand the (formerly) common sign from another driver of using their hand to simulate moving a window crank to indicate that ...
What is the zeroth law of thermodynamics actually saying?	It basically defines temperature. Temperature is the thing that's the same in two systems when they are in thermodynamic equilibrium. The "A=B, B=C, therefore A=C" is another way of saying that it's not special between just two systems. There was the first and second laws of thermo, and then someone was like "Crap, we...	[ "The zeroth law was not initially named as a law of thermodynamics, as its basis in thermodynamical equilibrium was implied in the other laws. The first, second, and third laws had been explicitly stated prior and found common acceptance in the physics community. Once the importance of the zeroth law for the defini...
how come fast food taste so much more intense and better than „regular“ food?	Salt, sugar, and fat content. Higher amounts than what is present in something you cook at home. Look at the calorie content of food at restaurants. It's almost always double or more than the "normal" version of that food.	[ "In other parts of the world, American and American-style fast food outlets have been popular for their quality, customer service, and novelty, even though they are often the targets of popular anger towards American foreign policy or globalization more generally. Many consumers nonetheless see them as symbols of t...
why aren't alcohol and tobacco (nicotine) considered class schedules drugs while marijuana is?	Alcohol because prohibition was a huge disaster, and nicotine because so many people are addicted it would create a black market. Plus the tobacco and beer lobbies in the country. Extra line	[ "BULLET::::- Substance Use studies, including showing that patients who use marijuana have lower odds of achieving abstinence from other drugs and alcohol, that recreational drug use on weekends often turns into more frequent use, and that benzodiazepines increase the risk of opioid overdose.\n", "Countries tend ...
What happened to the German athletes who lost too Jesse Owens in the 1936 Summer Olympics	Nothing too drastic. A popular case study is of Carl "Lutz" Long, a tall, blond broad jumper finished with the silver medal behind Jesse Owens, allegedly gave Owens tips for the event and even shook his hand and posed with him for a picture. > Afterward the champion and the blond runner-up walked arm in arm about th...	[ "In 1936, Owens and his United States teammates sailed on the SS Manhattan and arrived in Germany to compete at the Summer Olympics in Berlin. Owens arrived at the new Olympic stadium to a throng of fans, according to fellow American sprinter James LuValle (who won the bronze in the 400 meters), many of them young ...
is there a limited amount of bandwidth?	It costs money to build out more bandwidth. High speed routers and firewalls, fiber runs, etc. That being said most in the US are being way overcharged. To answer the actual question it is limited only by telecommunications technology which continues to grow in capabilities at a fairly rapid pace. There is not unli...	[ "The bandwidth utilization is maximized, as each node and each data do not require a separate frame. Thus, extremely short cycle times of ≤ 100 µs are achievable. By using the full-duplex features of 100BASE-TX, effective data rates of more than 100 Mbit/s ( 90% user data rate of 2x100 Mbit/s) can be achieved.\n", ...
why are exit signs only illuminated in red and green?	In the United States, it has to do with states or cities enacting building codes which specify the sign color. It's usually attributed to red having a negative connotation and green having a positive connotation. Just as well, red is considered to be bold and attention-calling, so having an exit sign in red would catch...	[ "In most regions, including the European Union, Japan, South Korea, and China, exit signs have green lettering. (In this color scheme, red is reserved to indicate prohibited activities.) In Australia, New Zealand and most European countries pictograms are used in place of the word \"exit\". European sign directive ...
What senses do animals have that humans don't?	_URL_0_ One they don't list is the infrared-sensing organ of pit vipers: _URL_1_	[ "Other animals also have receptors to sense the world around them, with degrees of capability varying greatly between species. Humans have a comparatively weak sense of smell and a stronger sense of sight relative to many other mammals while some animals may lack one or more of the traditional five senses. Some ani...
How was Christmas celebrated in England in the late medieval period?	Okay, this is more about medieval Europe than medieval England; I hope that is okay. Late medieval Christmas in the West was a month-ish long overlap of two seasons that unavoidably ended up blending together: (A) the not-entirely-religious December festivities, which technically ran from St. Nicholas Day through ...	[ "Christmas during the Middle Ages was a public festival that incorporated ivy, holly, and other evergreens. Christmas gift-giving during the Middle Ages was usually between people with legal relationships, such as tenant and landlord. The annual indulgence in eating, dancing, singing, sporting, and card playing esc...
the rationale behind the strange alcohol laws in some states?	Depends a lot on the specific thing, but a lot of it is driven by religion, many religions object to alcohol for various reasons, and the people sided with their religion and thought up of various methods to ban it (no sales at 5am, no sales on sunday, limited liquor store count, etc). Alcohol is very much one of those...	[ "In these two cases, the state governments of Michigan and New York had argued that Section 2 of the 21st Amendment granted them \"carte blanche\" to regulate liquor. One of their justifications for the laws was that by regulating out-of-state wineries in this way, they might be able to hinder the shipment of alcoh...
how is heat from sunlight magnified through a magnifying glass?	It is not magnified, it is merely concentrated into a focal point. Imagine if 1 cm^2 produces 1 J of energy (heat). If you have a lens of 1 m^2, aka 100x100 = 10000 cm^2. Assuming their energy is additive and focusing onto a single focal point of 1 cm^2. That focal point of 1 cm^2 will receive the energy (heat) of all ...	[ "A magnifying glass (called a hand lens in laboratory contexts) is a convex lens that is used to produce a magnified image of an object. The lens is usually mounted in a frame with a handle (see image). A magnifying glass can be used to focus light, such as to concentrate the sun's radiation to create a hot spot at...
when taking multiple medications at once, how does your body sort them out & send them off to do their individual tasks after being broken down simultaneously in your stomach?	That's not what happens. Your body dumps them all into your bloodstream, and they float around everywhere until they find the right shape of molecules to stick to.	[ "The other complaint is that the medicines must be taken on an empty stomach to facilitate absorption. This can be difficult for patients to follow (for example, shift workers who take their meals at irregular times) and may mean the patient waking up an hour earlier than usual everyday just to take medication. The...
Before the first test, how real was the concern from scientists that splitting the atom would cause a chain reaction beyond the bomb itself to ignite the entire atmosphere?	Real-enough that they calculated it was very unlikely, and some of them thought about it during the test. Not real-enough that they seriously thought about calling off the test. The fear was that the heat of the bomb would induce nitrogen-nitrogen fusion. They didn't know exactly how much temperature it would take to ...	[ "Christiansen and Kramers also noted that if, in one link of the reaction chain, two or more unstable molecules are produced, the reaction chain would branch and grow. The result is in fact an exponential growth, thus giving rise to explosive increases in reaction rates, and indeed to chemical explosions themselves...
what happens if i don't sign up for obamacare before the deadline two weeks from now?	Some of the answers here are good, but they only tell part of the story not the whole story. The numbers $95 per person and the max of $285 for a household are thrown around a lot, but they, unfortunately, only tell part of the story. The $285 maximum only applies to people who, as an entire household, make less than...	[ "Concern has also been raised over section 14 of the Children and Families Act 2014 which sets a statutory time limit of 26 weeks by which time care proceedings must conclude, unless there are 'exceptional' reasons for an extension of time. The making of a 'care order' does not necessarily mean that a child will go...
how are mobile numbers recycled?	> how disconnected ones are used again as many websites recognise the same number Which site does this? If a website detects that a mobile number was already in use, it should really just text that number to figure out who the current owner is. There would really not be a good way for a website to know if a number...	[ "Mobile phones have value well after their intended use. Yet the value of these phones to recyclers is marginal and relies on high volume to become profitable. The economic value of recycled cell phones is split into two categories; refurbished units that are resold to end users and phones that have no value to ret...
how come the use of african-american, asian-american etc is viewed as politically correct?	In general, as much as those communities present a unified voice, it is what they prefer to be called.	[ "Courses in ethnic studies address perceptions that, because of the Eurocentric bias and racial and ethnic prejudice of those in power, American historians have systematically ignored or undervalued the roles of such ethnic minorities as Asian Americans, Blacks, Mexicans, Latinos and Native Americans. Ethnic studie...
from a psychological standpoint why does something like karma mean so much to me(and others)? [serious]	It seems to me that it's simply a case of wanting to feel validated. Those upvotes for what you say send the message that what you have to say is interesting and worthwhile. It's the equivalent of a pat on the back.	[ "Karma (; , ; ) means action, work or deed; it also refers to the spiritual principle of cause and effect where intent and actions of an individual (cause) influence the future of that individual (effect). Good intent and good deeds contribute to good karma and future happiness, while bad intent and bad deeds contr...
how does popcorn time get away with it?	It is likely hosted outside of the US in a country that doesn't care much about video piracy. Users may still be prosecuted/sued in their home countries.	[ "Popcorn Time became the subject of mainstream media attention for its ease of use, with \"PC Magazine\" and \"CBS News\" likening Popcorn Time to Netflix, and noting its obvious advantages over Netflix such as the size of its library, and the recent selections available. Caitlin Dewey of the \"Washington Post\" sa...
Are soap bubbles necessary when cleaning dishes?	No, soap bubbles are not necessary. As long as you have soap in water, it will do its job on dishes. However, bubbles are a helpful indicator that you have enough soap in your water, or that all the detergent molecules are not "busy" encapsulating grease.	[ "The soap comes packaged in paper similar to bar body soap and is most often found in the laundry section of a supermarket or grocery store. It is intended for the pre-treatment of stains by rubbing the dampened product on a soiled area prior to laundering. The manufacturer claims it to be most effective in removin...
being from outside the us i just can't understand your educational system. what is the order on your education and what do you learn on each step?	Primary education - Kindergarden (4-5 years old), then 1st grade through 6th grade (10-11). Some areas only go up to 5th grade. This is often called "Elementary school" Middle school - 7th and 8th grade (some areas do 6th through 9th here) Secondary education - Normally called "high school". 9th grade is referred ...	[ "The American Educational System typically divides learning facilities by an age grade system. Students are designated to a grade level based on their age, advancing one grade each year. They are required to learn and do tasks at this level or they will be set back a grade. This designation determines what educatio...
why is it bad to drive on dry, paved roads with my 4x4/4wd engaged?	The engine has to endure the torque of powering two axels and a drive shaft generally the transfer casing connects to the drive shaft with a ujoint and same for the rear axle. Sometimes these components are not designed for long use. Experience: Dropped a drive shaft doing 65 and hammered in a new ujoint in the rain.	[ "While the vehicle was mechanically four wheel drive, its off-road capability was nil (the four wheel drive provided for extra traction in the excessive snow of the northern plains winters). In fact, United States Air Force Space Command ordered that any P.K. operated on a gravel road not exceed ; on some of the wo...
how does sweeping the ice in front of a curling stone work?	u/Ender37 is wrong. The surface of a curling rink is not smooth, but is pebbled. This effect is achieved by spraying drops of water onto the ice that freeze into little bumps. The pebbled surface actually decreases friction for the stone because there is a smaller area of contact between the stone and the ice. The swee...	[ "The player can induce a curved path, described as \"curl\", by causing the stone to slowly turn as it slides. The path of the rock may be further influenced by two sweepers with brooms, who accompany it as it slides down the sheet and sweep the ice in front of the stone. \"Sweeping a rock\" decreases the friction,...
How did exotic fruits such as bananas and pineapples when first brought to Europe, reach Britain without rotting during the long trip.	The banana had been cultivated in Asia for quite some time (Alexander the Great's empire encountered them in India). An article I found stated that large international traffic began only in the late 19th century with the development of refrigerated transport. Other articles I found made mention of dehydration, which ...	[ "Originally a timber-getting area, European settlement begun in 1822 until after 1850 when orchardists came to occupy extensive landholdings producing a variety of citrus and other fruits including persimmons, custard apples and Chinese pears.\n", "They also exported specimens around the world. Sir Joseph Banks a...
Why do we become "sick" of things (like movies, songs, etc)?	Well, as others have indicated, novelty plays an important role in the phenomenon you describe. Humans, like other intelligent animals, attend (pay attention) to novel stimuli. This curiosity is counterbalanced by habituation, which occurs when a stimulus, such as music, video or images, becomes less novel. Its not har...	[ "Reviewers say that this was only the beginning of the rise of Forever the Sickest Kids and will continue to grow. \"It's the type of feel good music that'll give you the urge to dance your little hearts out and even give people who are sick of the genre a reason to listen to.\"\n", "Other researchers have found ...
Is there any example of wild animals herding other animals for their own benefit?	Ant species farm aphids and fungus in the manner you describe. Less similar, in the open ocean, predator species like whales and dolphins have developed "herding" techniques using streams of air bubbles to round up and confine bait balls of fish for feeding frenzies.	[ "They are used primarily for herding cattle, and pigs by a method of antagonizing and intimidation of herd animals as opposed to the method of all-day boundary patrol and restricting the animals being herded from entering or leaving the designated area. They are good with reindeer. Herding instincts and trainabilit...
DUNKIRK MEGATHREAD: The Battle of Dunkirk and the Fall of France	In the film Dunkirk, the protagonists tries (along with many other enlisted men) to get on various ships evacuating through his own personal initiative, rather than taking orders from an officer. In fact, after being separated from his squad in the opening minutes, he doesn't report to any sort of superior for the rema...	[ "The Dunkirk evacuation, code-named Operation Dynamo, also known as the Miracle of Dunkirk, was the evacuation of Allied soldiers during World War II from the beaches and harbour of Dunkirk, in the north of France, between 26 May and 4 June 1940. The operation commenced after large numbers of Belgian, British, and ...
why do i, sometimes, really not like some people for, seemingly, no reason?	You're probably not a terrible person. Everyone has a few little things that just rub them the wrong way. Not everybody is socially compatible. The polite response is simply to tolerate those people who you don't like and observe the social niceties when necessary and avoid them the rest of the time.	[ "\"In this society, we have been conditioned to be what people want us to be. We--as individuals--are afraid to be individuals. That's because American society...is actually not so open-minded when it comes to new ideas or different races. And, as human beings, we all know that; therefore, many of us have the terro...
how does a church organ work?	Have you ever played a recorder or an irish tin whistle? They're types of flute that have a duct built into the pipe that means you don't need any particularly special technique to make it sound, you just blow through it. All a church organ does is take that technology, scale it wayyy up, giving different lengths o...	[ "The church has an organ dating from 1829 by Gray. Originally in a gallery at the west end, it was moved in 1852 to the end of the south aisle, site of the former Chapel of St Nicholas. A specification for the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register. A fully electronic action was added in 1964 during...
in accounting world, why are assets listed as debits for balance sheets etc,	Most of the time, when you hear about accounts, your are hearing about someone else's accounts. Mostly, yout bank's. For a bank, your savings balance is a debt, an amount of money they have to pay you. Similarly, and your loans are an asset, some money they expect to be paid. So loans are 'Credits', and assets are 'De...	[ "Since the balance sheet is founded on the principles of the accounting equation, this equation can also be said to be responsible for estimating the net worth of an entire company. The fundamental components of the accounting equation include the calculation of both company holdings and company debts; thus, it all...
why are pregnant woman more horny?	There is actually some evidence that sex during pregnancy causes the mother to release some hormones to the baby that are beneficial to development. In other words, more sex during pregnancy is a beneficial survival trait. In addition, the social and survival benefits of having a dedicated mate during a time of great v...	[ "Douching after intercourse is estimated to reduce the chances of conception by only about 30%. In comparison, proper male condom use reduces the chance of conception by as much as 98%. In some cases douching may force the ejaculate further into the vagina, increasing the chance of pregnancy. A review of studies by...

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