question stringlengths 3 301 | answer stringlengths 9 26.1k | context list |
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Could this type of erosion happen in real life? If so, how? | You can get formations like your first link just by having a shale (or carbonate) on a sandstone. Much like [this](_URL_0_). Fun fact, you can tell sea level rises and drops from those formations. The second formation can be formed like what you see in the [Needles](_URL_1_) in Southern Utah. This is formed from having... | [
"Erosion is a natural phenomenon which can be aggravated by manmade situations increasing risks produced by landslides, flood, avalanches, mudfloods, etc.. Erosion impact are usually severe on dry areas, due to lack of vegetation. In Colombia, areas such as Cúcuta, Villa de Leyva, Tatacoa desert in Huila, Chicamoch... |
Why is the US constitution only a few pages, but State constitutions look like they were written by James Joyce? | There are a multitude of reasons as to why state constitutions are lengthier than the U.S. constitution. As there are 50 states, the reasons will vary. The tl;dr is mostly that states have more Opportunity to add to their constitutions, whereas the national constitution has long and politically difficult processes only... | [
"Each of the United States has its own governing Constitution. The States Constitutions are usually longer and written in much more detail than the U.S. Constitution. For example, the Alabama Constitution has more than 600 pages and the New Jersey Constitution of 1947 is three times longer than the U.S. Constitutio... |
How can a probe on a comet or Mars analyze findings to determine mankind has found water or organic matter? | With [on board instruments](_URL_1_), like the [Sample Analysis at Mars](_URL_0_) suite of instruments containing a mass spectrometer, gas chromatograph, and a laser spectrometer. | [
"These observations are the closest scientists have come to finding evidence of liquid water on the planet's surface today. Frozen water, however, has been detected near the surface in many middle to high-latitude regions. Purported droplets of brine also appeared on struts of the Phoenix Mars Lander in 2008.\n",
... |
how does a government like the soviet union just collapse? what does that actually look like? | The Soviet government was set up *somewhat* similarly to the US in that the country was organized into a bunch of semi-autonomous states under a national government.
The Soviet system differed from the US system in that the national Soviet government was much stronger than the US Federal government is. None of the "s... | [
"When in 1991 the Soviet Union collapsed not with a bang but a whimper, this unexpected outcome was partly the result of the previous disenchantments of the narrative of class leadership. The Soviet Union had always been based on fervent belief in this narrative in its various permutations. When the binding power o... |
why 2 liter bottles (and 500 ml water bottles) are popular in the us? | While the US operates on the imperial measurement system, most of the rest of the world uses metric. Certain sized packages are standard so they can be used & produced (and the machines that produce them) for everyone.
Wine and liquor bottles are another case where there's a standard. A normal bottle of liquor is ... | [
"The half-liter water bottle (16.9 fl oz) has nearly replaced the 16 ounce size. 700 mL (23.6 fl oz) and one-liter sizes are also common, though 20 fl oz, and 24 fl oz sizes remain popular, particularly in vending machines.\n",
"Most 500 mL beer bottles (local brands such as Goldstar and Maccabee plus certain imp... |
how do snow removal trucks not scrape up the streets they plow? | Most plows have small slidey things or wheels behind the scrapy parts that keep it from getting too close to the ground. This doesn't always work. | [
"Snow removal services may include driveway and parking area snow removal, walkway and deck handwork, and occasionally roof clearing. Contractors use hand shovels, walk behind snowblowers (or snow throwers), truck plows, skid-steers, light-weight tractors, and heavy front-end loaders. Many times, these machines wil... |
What is Talent? | First, about myelin. [Myelin](_URL_1_) is a layer of fat that surrounds the body of a nerve cell, and acts to make the transmission of electrical signal along the nerve faster. It's a necessary part of the nervous system, it develops during pregnancy, and the [loss of myelin is not a good](_URL_0_). In short, what that... | [
"The talent as a unit of value is mentioned in the New Testament in Jesus' parable of the talents (Matthew 25:14-30). The use of the word \"talent\" to mean \"gift or skill\" in English and other languages originated from an interpretation of this parable sometime late in the 13th century. Luke includes a different... |
Would the heat from a hot water tank sanitize most human pathogens? | Microbiologist here. **TL;DR, Boil your water anyway.**
If you're going to be eating off of something within ~24 hours of washing it in this water, boil it first. Most organisms will be dead after 24 hours due to lack of nutrition, so if you're waiting that long then it shouldn't be an issue. If you have small childr... | [
"In the built environment, central air conditioning systems in office buildings, hotels, and hospitals are sources of contaminated water. Other places the bacteria can dwell include cooling towers used in industrial cooling systems, evaporative coolers, nebulizers, humidifiers, whirlpool spas, hot water systems, sh... |
Is there a layer of steam around Europa's core? | The internal structure of Europa is not well understood, but there is certainly not a layer of steam between the water and the iron core for a couple reasons. 1) Water vapor is less dense than liquid water, so it would rise above the liquid. 2) The physical state of the water depends on both temperature *and* pressure.... | [
"Scientists' consensus is that a layer of liquid water exists beneath Europa's surface, and that heat from tidal flexing allows the subsurface ocean to remain liquid. Europa's surface temperature averages about at the equator and only at the poles, keeping Europa's icy crust as hard as granite. The first hints of a... |
Why is it that if you happen to touch a moth's wings, the "powder" comes off and makes it harder for them to fly? | Well, the powder is actually scales. It doesn't really have an effect on their ability to fly, but if you handle them enough that the scales come off, you've probably damaged their wings in another way.
[source](_URL_0_) | [
"The conspicuous patterns on its wings serve as a warning to predators because the moth's body fluids are poisonous. Their effects are not yet fully known, but these toxins contain quantities of neurotoxic choline esters which act by interfering with the acetylcholine receptor. The colours are also ideal for fright... |
How can an endothermic reaction occur spontaneously? | Its not that entropy gives the system the energy it needs to react, its that entropy determines how and if the energy is going to move into or out of the system. The second law is what tells us that heat flows from hot things to cold things. To illustrate this, lets look at ice surrounded by air and think about why the... | [
"thus, as \"T\" decreases, Δ\"G\" and Δ\"H\" approach each other (so long as Δ\"S\" is bounded). Experimentally, it is found that all spontaneous processes (including chemical reactions) result in a decrease in \"G\" as they proceed toward equilibrium. If Δ\"S\" and/or \"T\" are small, the condition Δ\"G\" < 0 may ... |
how do newspaper/magazine tabloids make money at store checkout when one could easily read the gossip online for free? | There is a large portion of the population even today who are technologically inept. Usually this is a result of their own inaction and unwillingness to learn. These are the people who do not know how to do anything but check their email by "Clicking the blue "E"" and following the instructions written down by their ch... | [
"Most street newspapers operate by selling the papers to homeless vendors for a fraction of the retail price (usually between 10% and 50%), after which the vendors sell the papers for the retail price and retain all the proceeds from street sales. The income vendors earn from sales is intended to help them \"get ba... |
why do i see pairs or runners hung up on power lines? | No one really knows. Snopes has an [article](_URL_0_) on it that offers the theories and legends, but just concludes that no one really knows.
The idea of the shoes indicating gang activity or drug dealers in the area makes little sense. Why would they want to advertise their presence to the police? Although I have... | [
"An overhead line is designed on the principle of one or more overhead wires (or rails, particularly in tunnels) situated over rail tracks, raised to a high electrical potential by connection to feeder stations at regular intervals. The feeder stations are usually fed from a high-voltage electrical grid.\n",
"A p... |
why some people have different rates of metabolism | Well, one thing is how much brain stuff you have compared to how much muscle you have vs. how much fat you have. The brain burns more calories (per ounce) than does muscle, which in turn burns more calories (again, per ounce) than does fat. However, people rarely have so much brain and so little other stuff to make the... | [
"People have different metabolic rates that can fluctuate due to activity level and environmental conditions. The ASHRAE 55-2010 Standard defines metabolic rate as the level of transformation of chemical energy into heat and mechanical work by metabolic activities within an organism, usually expressed in terms of u... |
Whats a good resource for finding information on what Europe was like in 3000bc? Dominant culture, goverments, cities, etc | *Europe Between the Oceans* by Barry Cunliffe is your best bet. | [
"BULLET::::- Elznik South East Europe pre-history summary to 700BC A useful online series of historical maps that provide details of the transformations of the cultures living in S.E. Europe during the prehistoric times.\n",
"The library offers approximately 90,000 printed titles and 900,000 licensed online resou... |
Is there an explanation for the way birds flock or fish form a school? | oddly enough the algorithm to reproduce this behaviour isn't too difficult. Usually all it takes is just follow the direction of your nearest neighbors.
_URL_0_ | [
"Fish schools are faced with decisions they must make if they are to remain together. For example, a decision might be which direction to swim when confronted by a predator, which areas to stop and forage, or when and where to migrate.\n",
"Some species of forage fish, driven by nutrient availability and their li... |
how elevators work in skyscrapers? | In very tall buildings, very few if any elevators go all the way from the bottom to the top. Some have them, and they are usually 'express' elevators that only take you from the ground floor to the very top. Since most people are not going all the way to the top in a skyscraper, they have "elevator banks" that can ta... | [
"This is a list of companies that manufacture elevators. An elevator is a type of vertical transport equipment that efficiently moves people or goods between floors (levels, decks) of a building, vessel, or other structure. Elevators are generally powered by electric motors that either drive traction cables or coun... |
scientists say cell phones are many times dirtier than toilet seats, so why isn't everyone with a cell phone sick all the time? is this a blessing for us to freely lick toilet seats? or have sickness rates actually increased since cell phones became popular? | It really depends on what you call "dirty". cell phones have more bacteria per cm^2 than toilet seats because they are cleaned less. But those bacteria aren't necessarily harmful. They just live in the environment of your pocket or the ground or the counter or wherever you put your phone. Also, you hold your phone you ... | [
"Apart from the statistics pointing towards an accumulation of 150 times the acceptable level of bacteria for a human and five times the bacteria on an average toilet seat, two keyboards had ‘warning levels’ of Staphylococcus aureus, and two others had ‘worryingly elevated’ levels of coliforms and enterobacteria, ‘... |
why are public companies more worried about pleasing their stockholders than their customers? | Because the shareholders are the owners of the company. If they aren't kept happy, they can replace the members of the board (though this is in practice hard to pull off when there are literally hundreds of thousands of voting shareholders). If the behavior of the board is particularly harmful, they can even sue in ce... | [
"By having a wide and varied scope of owners, companies generally tend to improve management standards and efficiency to satisfy the demands of these shareholders and the more stringent rules for public corporations imposed by public stock exchanges and the government. Consequently, it is alleged that public compan... |
Greek/Roman steam engine? | Hero's Engine makes an appearance here regularly. I answered the question [here](_URL_0_) a while back. Feel free to follow up here with more questions, though. | [
"The aeolipile which Hero described is considered to be the first recorded steam engine or reaction steam turbine. The name – derived from the Greek word Αἴολος and Latin word \"pila\" – translates to \"the ball of Aeolus\", Aeolus being the Greek god of the air and wind.\n",
"The earliest known rudimentary steam... |
How much turbulence would it take to down plane? | Aerospace engineer here. Turbulence isn't much of a threat to an airplane.
Airplanes are designed to withstand gust loads, which assume worst-case scenarios. Furthermore, pilots are trained not to fight turbulence. For example, if a strong updraft hits a plane, pilots are supposed to "ride it out" rather than fight... | [
"The Investigation Board appointed to determine the cause of the crash reported that the accident was most likely caused by a combination of factors. Evidence from a reconstructed flight showed that with an increase in speed for a few seconds, the rate of climb of the aircraft will decrease; with a lack of visual r... |
how does having a record label help bands, and how would an indie label differ from a major label? | Record labels fund production and marketing, indie labels tend to have smaller budgets and cannot fund a large national or international campaign to promote artists, at least not on the same scale or platforms. | [
"Genre-wise, music entrepreneurs expanded their industry models into areas like folk music, in which composition and performance had continued for centuries on an ad hoc self-supporting basis. Forming an independent record label, or \"indie\" label, or signing to such a label continues to be a popular choice for up... |
computer software licenses (ex: bsd, mit, gnu) | A quick note first: You mean the GPL instead of GNU. GPL is the license, GNU is the software/project.
When someone writes a computer program, the program belongs to that person. We call this "copyright". This means that other people cannot use the program or look at the source code used to write the program, unless th... | [
"The hallmark of proprietary software licenses is that the software publisher grants the use of one or more copies of software under the end-user license agreement (EULA), but ownership of those copies remains with the software publisher (hence use of the term \"proprietary\"). This feature of proprietary software ... |
what is the use of having two different houses of the govt? like senate and house of representatives or house of lords and house of commons? | The Senate and House are designed to balance States rights (equal representation of each state in the Senate) with equality of population (House Representatives are portioned by each state’s population).
This ensures that bills which pass into law are both 1) good for a majority of people and 2) good for a majority ... | [
"A parliamentary system may be either bicameral, with two chambers of parliament (or houses) or unicameral, with just one parliamentary chamber. In the case of a bicameral parliament, this is usually characterised by an elected lower house that has the power to determine the executive government and an upper house ... |
How many witches were convicted by the duck test? | On the Disc, there have only been a few recorded duck tests, and never more than one in the same pond. Incidentally, the last duck test in the Ramptops is how the quite stupendously active volcano Mt. Duckmore first got its name, after Esmerelda Weatherwax was once subjected to trial. No-one has really felt the need to... | [
"The case is somewhat unusual: of the 120 witch trials held on Iceland between 1625 and 1686, only ten were against women, and though two women are traditionally considered two have been executed for this crime, the execution of Thuridur Olafsdottir is the only execution of witchcraft confirmed to have been perform... |
Can the spot of a laser pointer move faster than light? | > Is there anything stopping me from moving the dot faster than the speed of light?
Absolutely not. The laser dot isn't actually an object it is just the place where photons from your laser pointer are hitting the wall.
If you sweep the dot across the wall quick enough the dot could appear to move faster than c but ... | [
"If a laser beam is swept quickly across a distant object, the spot of light can move faster than \"c\", although the initial movement of the spot is delayed because of the time it takes light to get to the distant object at the speed \"c\". However, the only physical entities that are moving are the laser and its ... |
with pets like dogs and cats, why can't their lifespan get longer with modern medicine and diet like us? | They have. When you consider 9 years - > 14 that's a massive increase in life expectancy. Do you expect humans to be able to double their life expectancy? Of course not, however a 20-30% increase over a few hundred years to maximize our potential? Reasonable - and this is what we've seen with pets. | [
"Since animals have a shorter life than humans, their hip replacements can safely be assumed to be lifelong and will not wear out or need replacing. By contrast, human hip replacements are sometimes deferred until older, to avoid the possible need for replacement later on in life.\n",
"The average lifespan of pet... |
eil5: why is the idea of 'symmetry' so crucial to modern physics? | Basically, the idea is that the laws don't change.
We have time symmetry: the laws that apply today will still apply tomorrow - we have no reason to expect the mass of a carbon atom to suddenly decrease tomorrow.
We have translational symmetry: the laws apply _over there_ apply _over here_ - the mass of a carbon atom... | [
"The theme of symmetry in geometry is nearly as old as the science of geometry itself. Symmetric shapes such as the circle, regular polygons and platonic solids held deep significance for many ancient philosophers and were investigated in detail before the time of Euclid. Symmetric patterns occur in nature and were... |
Teacher here -- interesting Roman Emperor-era anecdotes? | Ooh, Ancient Civilizations! That sounds like a LOT of fun - what are you classifying as "Ancient?" Will you cover the fall of the Romans and the "Dark Ages?" (Cause I have a BUNCH of fun stuff from there, too!)
Let me list off some things for ya! I'm going to go earlier than Rome, but hey, what the heck, right? ;)
... | [
"Most of the tales are from Roman history, but each section has an appendix consisting of extracts from the annals of other peoples, principally the Greeks. The exposition exhibits strongly the two currents of feeling which are intermingled by almost every Roman writer of the Empire—the feeling that the Romans of t... |
if a tumor pressing down on the pituitary gland stimulates growth, is it scientifically possible to replicate this on people of short stature? | Its possible to produce growth hormone artificially, which is given via injection to people who lack it, there is no need for tumours. | [
"The cause of pituitary tumors remains unknown. It has been shown that stress can significantly raise prolactin levels, which should make stress a diagnostic differential, though it usually is not considered such. Most pituitary tumors are sporadic — they are not genetically passed from parents to offspring.\n",
... |
what happens to your thermal energy if you freeze in space ? | Your thermal energy isn't lost, it's just spread over the surrounding space around you, and keeps spreading on and on. Think of it like throwing a cup of hot water into a huge pool: the energy stays in the pool, it just doesn't make much of a difference as there is so much to absorb the energy of the hot water. | [
"Because the space environment is essentially a vacuum, heat cannot be lost through heat convection, and can only be directly dissipated through thermal radiation, a much slower process. Thus, even though the environment of space can be extremely cold, excessive heat build-up is inevitable. Without an LCVG, there w... |
Why is water covalent, not ionic? | The difference in electronegativity between oxygen and hydrogen is too small for the oxygen atom to pull the electrons completely off the hydrogen atoms.
NaCl, on the other hand, is composed of sodium (very weak electronegativity) and chlorine (very high electronegativity). The chlorine exerts a sufficiently overpowe... | [
"The reason why ANC is often defined as the difference between cations of strong bases and anions of strong acids is that ANC is derived from a charge balance: If we for simplicity consider a solution with only a few species and use the fact that a water solution is electrically neutral we get\n",
"Some ionic com... |
bandwidth of satellite television/ television signals | There's a fundamental difference. Satellite TV just broadcasts a signal, and your dish points to it. That signal can carry thousands of stations, just like old tv antennas with the radio towers (same principle actually).
Satellite internet requires a two way connection, so you have to ask for a video, have the reque... | [
"Most satellite communications systems operate in the C, X, K, or K bands of the microwave spectrum. These frequencies allow large bandwidth while avoiding the crowded UHF frequencies and staying below the atmospheric absorption of EHF frequencies. Satellite TV either operates in the C band for the traditional larg... |
why do some older folks joints start acting up when a storm comes in? | Air pressure drops which makes the air push less on your body and in turn their muscle tissue can get bigger which pushes on the joints. | [
"The hip joint is unique in that it experiences combined mechanical loads. An axial load along the shaft of the femur results in compressive stress. Bending load at the neck of the femur causes tensile stress along the upper part of the neck and compressive stress along the lower part of the neck. While osteoarthri... |
If the entire universe consisted of only 2 hydrogen atoms that are 100 Billion light-years apart and they are motionless relative to each other, and there is no dark energy/dark matter in the universe and no expansion of the universe, would their gravity cause them to eventually collide? | Yes but it would take a long time. There is also the van der Waals attraction between them, it is even weaker than gravity until they get close (goes as r^-6 instead of r^-2 ). | [
"In October 2017, scientists reported further evidence that matter and antimatter, equally produced at the Big Bang, are identical, should completely annihilate each other and, as a result, the universe should not exist. This implies that there must be something, as yet unknown to scientists, that either stopped th... |
why do we do/watch things that make us angry but seem to enjoy it? | * some people are looking for a safe outlet for their anger...yelling at the TV is easier than dealing with your boss or your spouse or yourself
* getting angry at others' perceived stupidity can make you feel better about yourself
* in competitions and performances, the high you get from winning might outweigh, or see... | [
"People with a strong entertaining nature have the tendency to amuse others or attract, focus or maintain people’s attention on themselves or their work. They love to entertain others, creating experiences that evoke emotions. They crave being the center of attention — making jokes, singing songs, acting, mimicking... |
Why are America often cited as the nation that 'saved' Europe from the Nazi's when in reality the Soviet Union played a much greater role than we give them credit for? | I don't think you're overstating the role of the Soviets. The Eastern Front was a titanic struggle where the Nazis lost most of their men, armaments, resources, etc.
However, you might be understating the impact of lend-lease. Over the course of the war the US shipped out about [$50 billion in supplies, equivalent to... | [
"During the Cold War era, most European Countries respected the authority of the United States as an international leader. Europeans accepted the United States as the primary defender against the Soviet Union. After the Soviet Union fell, however, some scholars believe the United States was no longer needed by the ... |
why does japan have an anti-inflation policy? | Japan is not *trying* to have deflation. In fact, they've been fighting deflation for almost two decades. They have a pro-inflation policy; it just hasn't been working too well for a number of reasons.
Additionally, the US doesn't have an "infatuation" with inflation. The US, similar to most developed countries, tr... | [
"The Anti-Japanism theory posed that Japan's actions since the Meiji period had been tainted by imperialism, and a new regime was needed. According to Anti-Japanism, Japan's moral failure can be redeemed if the Imperial family is purged and the country forcibly transitioned to a communist \"people's republic\". Ant... |
why is mixing red bull with vodka is more harmful than other cocktails of vodka? | Energy drinks are stimulants. They prevent you from feeling the effects of alcohol for a while. So you drink (sometimes much) more alcohol than you normally would and can get to dangerous levels. | [
"The ratio of Red Bull to vodka varies but is usually ¾ of Red Bull and ¼ of vodka. In some places, it is customary to serve an entire can with a single shot of vodka; in others, a can may be split between several glasses, each containing several shots of vodka. The Red Bull dominates so that the flavour of the alc... |
When viewing "3D" stereo-pictures, how does the eye know which layers of the picture to put in the foreground and which in the background? | The view each eye sees is slightly different due to [parallax](_URL_1_). In the specific case of binocular vision the effect of parallax is called [binocular disparity](_URL_0_). The closer an object the more difference there is between eyes, that's how your brain can measure depth. | [
"Binocular Stereo Vision obtains the 3-dimensional geometric information of an object from multiple images based on the research of human visual system. The results are presented in form of depth maps. Images of an object acquired by two cameras simultaneously in different viewing angles, or by one single camera at... |
how psychiatric evaluations work for people who intend to hide things? | Truthful answer? They don't.
If the person being diagnosed /evaluated has a bit of knowledge and or training they can't fool even the most experienced psychiatrist.
Diagnostics in psychiatry work mostly on two pillars: Exploration (basically talking to the patient) and standardised tests. Former is the gold standar... | [
"Psychology. Psychologists use a variety of interviewing methods and techniques to try to understand and help their patients. In a psychiatric interview, a psychiatrist or psychologist or nurse asks a battery of questions to complete what is called a psychiatric assessment. Sometimes two people are interviewed by a... |
If our solar system were located in one of the galaxies in the densely packed Virgo Supercluster, would we see large, bright galaxies in the night sky? | Edit: Short answer: Large, but not bright, galaxies seem most likely, and we actually see this with Andromeda.
One of the denser regions of the Virgo Supercluster is the Virgo cluster, which has about 1500 galaxies and a radius of about 2.2 Mpc. There are still denser structures within this cluster, but let us assume ... | [
"The Virgo Supercluster (Virgo SC) or the Local Supercluster (LSC or LS) is a mass concentration of galaxies containing the Virgo Cluster and Local Group, which in turn contains the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies. At least 100 galaxy groups and clusters are located within its diameter of 33 megaparsecs (110 milli... |
Would requiring all new paint jobs to be white be an effective global warming countermeasure? How effective? | The point the OP is making about the concept of solar [albedo](_URL_1_) is a valid one -- in which, seasonal and persistant snow and ice cover terrestrially and in the oceans is a significant factor in reflecting short-wave (SW) radiation.
If I'm not mistaken, it is when surfaces act as black-body emitters of solar r... | [
"After Energy Secretary Steven Chu recommended painting roofs and roads white in order to reflect sunlight back into space and therefore reduce global warming, AEI's magazine \"The American\" endorsed the idea. It also stated that \"ultimately we need to look more broadly at creative ways of reducing the harmful ef... |
My seedless grapes have seeds. Why? | Like many hybrids, seedless grapes are generally sterile. On occasion, a hybrid that is normally sterile will be fertile -- that is why a few of your grapes will have seeds. In comparison, most mules are sterile (they are a horse/donkey hybrid), but a few mules are fertile. | [
"Seedless grape varieties were developed to appeal to consumers, but researchers are now discovering that many of the healthful properties of grapes may actually come from the seeds themselves, thanks to their enriched phytochemical content.\n",
"Many structures commonly referred to as \"seeds\" are actually dry ... |
with the negative views around dlc and preordering, how do kickstarter games make so much money in such a short amount of time? | The negative views on DLC and Preordering are a backlash against the Game *Publishers* (the ones who bankroll the money to make the game, and then manage the distribution chain), who are viewed as trying to squeeze every last dime out of the games that they sell.
& nbsp;
Many video game projects pitched on Kickst... | [
"With the larger funding, Subset considered the benefit of adding more features at the cost of extending the game's release schedule. They opted to make some small improvements on the game, with only a one-month release delay from their planned schedule, and stated they would use the remaining Kickstarter funds for... |
Can 3-Dimensional Holograms produce 4-D objects similar to how 2-Dimension screens can represent 3-D objects? | I'd say yes and no.
Yes for the reasons /u/phaseoptics mentioned. 4D space can be projected onto 3D space the same way 3D can be projected onto 2D.
No, because even though that is the case, it will not readily allow us to *see* the fourth dimension the way we can *see* three dimensions on a flat surface (tv, monitor ... | [
"Although it is impossible to see or make 4-dimensional objects, it is possible to map them into lower dimensions to get some impressions of them. An analogy for converting the 4-D 24-cell into its 3-D sculpture is cartographic projection, where the surface of the 3-D Earth (or a globe) is reduced to a flat 2-D pla... |
if the forth dimension is time, what is a tesseract? | A cube that exists in four spatial dimensions. OUR fourth dimension is time. A tesseract can only exist in a universe with four or more spatial dimensions. Kind of like how, if the universe were a flat plane and we had time, we could not have a cube. | [
"A tesseract is an example of a four-dimensional object. Whereas outside mathematics the use of the term \"dimension\" is as in: \"A tesseract \"has four dimensions\"\", mathematicians usually express this as: \"The tesseract \"has dimension 4\"\", or: \"The dimension of the tesseract \"is\" 4\".\n",
"Relativity ... |
is it possible for america to have a coalition government? | We already have one in a roundabout way. The 2 party system forces different groups into the same party that would likely be Seperate parties in Europe. | [
"Other coalitions could be formed by adding more parties to one of these combinations. This might be done to either make too narrow a majority larger, to give a party that could otherwise be overwhelmed a like-minded partner, or to introduce a neutral referee in an otherwise tense combination. Such \"larger-than-ne... |
why can't the world exist without a currency system? | the economy originally started with barter (I give you some of my eggs for some of your meat). But it got larger and I started to want Chinese silk, but they didnt want the eggs I have, we were unable to translate that value. So we create currency to make the market much much more efficient. I no longer need to make so... | [
"In the present world, nations are not able to work together closely enough to be able to produce and support a common currency. There has to be a high level of trust between different countries before a true world currency could be created. A world currency might even undermine national sovereignty of smaller stat... |
does drinking 64 ounces of water in an hour have the same effect on my body as drinking 64 ounces in a full day? | The point of drinking 64 ounces a day is to stay hydrated so drinking it all at once wouldn't help you stay hydrated throughout the day although it would hydrate you in the moment. However, you will lose some of it that is immediately excreted due to having too much water. Also, don't drink that much water in a short... | [
"Weight loss effects of water have been subject to some scientific research. Drinking water prior to each meal may help in appetite suppression. Consumption of 500 mL (approximately 17 fl oz) of water 30 minutes before meals has been correlated with modest weight loss (1–2 kg) in obese men and women over a period o... |
how can you be below sea level and not underwater? | Go somewhere that is 100m above sea level.
Dig 200m straight down.
Congratulations, you are now 100m below sea level!
That's how places that are below sea level work, except that most of them are valleys that formed naturally. | [
"Altitude diving is underwater diving using scuba or surface supplied diving equipment where the surface is or more above sea level (for example, a mountain lake). The U.S. Navy tables recommend that no alteration be made for dives at altitudes lower than and for dives between 91 and 300 metres correction is requir... |
why is it that people find animals that are often times extremely dangerous cute or adorable? | Being cute is a genetic advantage for survival. Scientists believe that this is why humans find animal babies so cute. The cuter you are when you are born, the more likely it is that you will survive until adulthood. So that trait gets carried through the generations. | [
"In the opposite direction several animals who have a non-threatening appearance and actually look cute, cuddly, graceful and playful are often portrayed as adorable: rabbits, dogs, mice, kittens, sheep, seals, dolphins, chipmunks, monkeys, ladybugs, butterflies. Various pet owners tend to treat their pets almost a... |
why does it sting when saltwater gets into our eyes but fish and other marine life can always keep it open? | Have you ever been swimming in the ocean?
Most people find it easier to keep their eyes open in saltwater. In fact some swimming pools use saltwater rather than chlorinated water and people who swim in those pools find it easier to keep their eyes open.
Of course water splashing in your eyes will hurt, but keeping y... | [
"Stonefish stings are extremely painful and potentially lethal. The two most recommended treatments are the application of heat to the affected area, and antivenom. Hot water (at a temperature no higher than ) applied to the injured area has been found to denature stonefish venom, and causes minimal discomfort to t... |
why do hard biscuits turn soft when left exposed to air? | Because they suck up humidity from the air like dry sponges suck up water from... well, water. | [
"Hard biscuits soften as they age. To solve this problem, early bakers attempted to create the hardest biscuit possible. Because it is so hard and dry, if properly stored and transported, navies' hardtack will survive rough handling and high temperature. Baked hard, it can be kept without spoiling for years as long... |
why is the front of a bus flat, as opposed to the pointed fronts of cars? | Buses typically have a lot of people walking in front of the bus while getting on/off at a stop. Having the flat front and a large windshield helps the driver see if any people (especially small children) are in front of the bus. | [
"In the 1960s and 1970s, station wagons based on automobiles often had rear-facing folding seats which were entered by a 2 or 3-way tailgate. Ford used dual-side facing seats which faced each other. Some such as the Oldsmobile Vista Cruiser had a forward-facing third row, an arrangement also common in SUVs such as ... |
Can mosquitoes drink blood that's pooled on the ground or on someone's skin, or do they need to pierce the skin of a live human or animal? | They do not have to pierce the skin of a live animal, but in laboratory settings, that's the most frequent feeding route because the animal provides a constant "renewable" source of blood.
However, there are some issues with using live animals, mainly IRB approval and the cost of maintaining animals. So, people have u... | [
"When mosquitoes bite a person, they do not inject the blood of a previous victim into the person they bite next. Mosquitoes do, however, inject their saliva into their victims, which may carry diseases such as dengue fever, malaria, yellow fever, or West Nile virus and can infect a bitten person with these disease... |
how north korea could have a nuclear program when they struggle to feed the general population? | Because North Korea is a dictatorship, they don't really need or want to ensure that everyone's getting fed before they do expensive military projects. | [
"North Korea has no nuclear power program currently. Earlier the building of nuclear plant near Sinpo was started by USSR but construction was cancelled due to lack of funding. Under the Agreed Framework, North Korea agreed to end its graphite-moderated nuclear reactor program in exchange for construction of two PW... |
Is there a way to know if Gravity was different a 100 million years ago to now? | It's possible to know that gravity in the **universe** was approximately the same over the past few billion years, by studying globular clusters: _URL_0_
As for the gravity on the **Earth**, I don't know; there are a few papers on paleogravity but I don't have to background knowledge to read them. | [
"This has been demonstrated by noting that atomic clocks at differing altitudes (and thus different gravitational potential) will eventually show different times. The effects detected in such Earth-bound experiments are extremely small, with differences being measured in nanoseconds. Relative to Earth's age in bill... |
What are some of the best books detailing the history of the wars in Chechnya post 1991? | Just letting you know, I removed this question because the First Chechen War began in 1994 - [and we don't allow discussions within the last 20 years on this subreddit.](_URL_0_) Take care! | [
"The book has three parts. The initial section covers the 2003 Russian legislative election and the 2004 Russian presidential election. The following section discusses the insurgency of the Second Chechen War, the Beslan school siege and its consequences, and other events in the second Putin term. She recalled a me... |
What effect has the increase in ocean temperatures had on marine ecosystems? What species has been the most affected? | I know that coral, particularly in the Great Barrier Reef, is being affected. Not all coral can handle the heat of the water, and some sections of the Reef have been dying off. It will be getting bleached out, and it's estimated that by 2050, will be "largely dead." A terrifying prospect, isn't it? And of course, hundr... | [
"Research indicates that increasing ocean temperatures are taking a toll on the marine ecosystem. A study on the phytoplankton changes in the Indian Ocean indicates a decline of up to 20% in the marine plankton in the Indian Ocean, during the past six decades. The tuna catch rates have also declined 50–90% during t... |
if china has a large surplus of single men, why is female infanticide still occurring? | There are many reasons, but it's not near as prolific as it was 30 years ago. For example, it's illegal for a doctor to tell the parents if it's a boy or girl before it's delivered (to avoid abortions when baby is found out to be a girl)
But what currently happens now is with the 1 child policy, if you have a girl fir... | [
"There have been some accusations that infanticide occurs in Mainland China due to the one-child policy. In the 1990s, a certain stretch of the Yangtze River was known to be a common site of infanticide by drowning, until government projects made access to it more difficult. Recent studies suggest that over 40 mill... |
How did enlightenment values of reason and deduction become detached from the underlying Christian philosophy and worldview? | There are a lot of misconceptions here, albeit ones that are somewhat common in places like Reddit (which trends towards young, tech-interested men who have probably spent too much time listening to people like NdGT and Richard Dawkins).
First, there isn't a "scientific method" per se. The development of what we toda... | [
"The Renaissance and later the Enlightenment in Europe exhibited varying degrees of religious tolerance and intolerance towards new and old religious ideas. The \"philosophes\" took particular exception to many of the more fantastical claims of religions and directly challenged religious authority and the prevailin... |
; why does my vision get blurry after staring at back-lit screen for a prolonged period of time or when i dont get much sleep? | Wikipedia quote.
"Orthostatic hypotension, also known as postural hypotension, and colloquially as head rush or dizzy spell, is a form of hypotension in which a person's blood pressure suddenly falls when standing up or stretching. The symptom is caused by blood pooling in the lower extremities upon a change in body p... | [
"BULLET::::3. When a blurry stimulus is presented to a region of the visual field away from where we are fixating, and we keep our eyes still, that stimulus will disappear even though it is still physically presented. This is called Troxler's fading. It occurs because although our eyes move a little when we are fix... |
In the Middle Ages and Early Modern Era, if peasants were legally bound to their land, how did people manage to immigrate to cities or move? | Two caveats - I'm writing on my phone so this won't be as well referenced as I would like it to be; and I'm going to answer in terms of English feudal relations.
1. Not all peasants were unfree. The English peasantry - speaking loosely about the groups who worked the land - were a highly diverse group, and not all wer... | [
"The process of enclosing property accelerated in the 15th and 16th centuries. The more productive enclosed farms meant that fewer farmers were needed to work the same land, leaving many villagers without land and grazing rights. Many of them moved to the cities in search of work in the emerging factories of the In... |
could you guys list some basic political issues of the early 20th century? | What country? They all faced their own issues. However I will give some of the issues that Brecht dealt with in his works. The first which you have already mentioned is the idea of capitalism and the banks which lead to one of his most famous quotes with the three penny opera. Who is the bigger thief the one who robs t... | [
"The Workingmen's Party of the United States (WPUS), established in 1876, was one of the first Marxist-influenced political parties in the United States. It is remembered as the forerunner of the Socialist Labor Party of America.\n",
"The first socialist political party in the United States was the Socialist Labo... |
why exactly doesn't sound travel as fast as light? | Because they are two completely different things. Light is this weird as hell quantum mechanical thing that acts like a particle and a wave at the same time. Explaining the very nature of light is difficult without going into the nature of how the universe works.
Sound is just particles bumping into each other. How fa... | [
"Sound propagates in the channel by refraction of sound, which makes sound travel near the depth of slowest speed. If a sound wave propagates away from this horizontal channel, the part of the wave furthest from the channel axis travels faster, so the wave turns back toward the channel axis. As a result, the sound ... |
What's academic historians' take on cliometrics (the application of economic methods and theories to history)? | It is true that cliometrics have fallen somewhat out of fashion. It was quite popular into the 1980s, perhaps especially in the study of the English Industrial Revolution. A very influential book in this vein, for instance, is "The Population History of England."
And some people still rely heavily on cliometric modes... | [
"Cliometrics (, ), sometimes called new economic history, or econometric history, is the systematic application of economic theory, econometric techniques, and other formal or mathematical methods to the study of history (especially social and economic history). It is a quantitative (as opposed to qualitative or et... |
Can spacetime wrap in such a way that the universe would be finite with no border ? | A 3-torus (hyperdonut) would be an example of such a shape. If the universe were like that, then light from distant objects could reach the Earth through multiple paths, and we'd see distant objects at multiple points in the sky. [We can look for signs of that](_URL_0_), to see if the universe has that shape. We do not... | [
"In terms of the curvature of space-time and the shape of the universe, it can theoretically be closed (positive curvature, or space-time folding in itself as though on a four-dimensional sphere's surface), open (negative curvature, with space-time folding outward), or flat (zero curvature, like the surface of a \"... |
why is the crust of a hearty hunk of bread considered the most nutritious part, when the inside is composed of the same ingredients? | For the most part, this is just a widely perpetuated myth. It's mostly just something parents tell their children so the kids will eat the crust because children are notoriously picky eaters. There's some *minor* evidence that there's a few exotic nutrients that are more prevalent in the crust but it's a recent study... | [
"Saç is a large metal or ceramic lid like a shallow bell with which bread dough or meat to be baked are covered, and over which ashes and live coals are placed. It enables even, convection baking, and the bell shape allows the steam to recirculate, which makes the meat, fish and vegetables to remain juicy, and the ... |
What happens chemically when acid comes in contact with skin? | It depends on the nature of the acid. For oxidizing acids like concentrated nitric acid, sulfuric acid and similar oxoacids, basically your skin is being oxidized, which is akin to an actual burn. The organic compunds that make up your cells break down, forming stuff like hydrogen gas, carbon, water and other simple co... | [
"Chloroacetic acid easily penetrates skin and mucous membranes and interferes with cellular energy production. Initial dermal exposure to high concentrations (e.g., 80% solution) may not appear very damaging at first, however systemic poisoning may present within hours. Exposure can be fatal if greater than 6% body... |
A short history of Romania past 1900 | This is incredibly complex. Why not go to Wikipedia to get a general gist of the topic first? | [
"A new period of Romanian history began on the day of the Union of Transylvania with Romania (Great Union Day, \"Marea Unire\"). This period would eventually come to an end with the international treaties that led up to World War II. These ceded parts of Romania to its neighbors. As such, they are widely seen as an... |
Two questions on time: how does Earth time relate to non-galactic space time, and how do we measure time after the Big Bang? | For your first question, there is not really a need to consider differences in time between Earth and far distances. [The Pound-Rebka experiment](_URL_1_) was an experiment done on Earth to measure the effect of gravitational time dilation. The effect is very small because the gravitational field near Earth is very wea... | [
"Our modern conception of time is based on Einstein's theory of relativity and Minkowski's spacetime, in which rates of time run differently in different inertial frames of reference, and space and time are merged into spacetime. Time may be quantized, with the theoretical smallest time being on the order of the Pl... |
what makes your jaw sometimes cramp when eating a first bite of something? | From /u/Blue_Gray 2 years ago:
> Whenever you eat something with a lot of flavor (especially sweet or sour) after not eating anything for a while, your salival glands on each side of your jaw begin to rapidly secrete salive to break down the enzymes in the food. Imagine it like a sleepy cop in the security room with ... | [
"Clinically, because of its reflex function, the mesencephalic nucleus can be tested with the jaw jerk reflex. Because of its function in oral proprioception, lesions of the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus cause effects on feeding. The mesencephalic nucleus can be thought of simply as the \"nucleus that keeps your... |
Do stars make noises? Would we be able to hear the noises or sounds they emit? | Stars emit a *stellar wind* of plasma; the sun's solar wind and its interaction with the earth's magnetosphre cause the aurora borealis and aurora australis. This thins out substantially with distance. The [heliopause](_URL_0_) of a star is where the stellar wind interacts with the interstellar medium.
The oscillatio... | [
"Stars vibrate according to many different pulsation modes in much the same way that musical instruments emit a variety of sounds. Listening to an air on the guitar does not leave any doubt as to the nature of the instrument, and an experienced musician can even deduce the cords' material and tension. Similarly, st... |
How long does it take for the air to be completely exchanged in an average sized room? | What do you mean by "exchanged" ? | [
"The standard suggests that the time of measurements should last two or more hours long, and it should also be a representative time of the year for this specific building. Measuring time step should be no more than five minutes for air temperature, mean radiant temperature, and humidity, and no more than three min... |
Why do different ethnicities and regions of humans have different penis lengths? | Trying to go to the reference listed on the map leads to a 404 error so I'm unable to determine the source for its data.
This is important because there are two ways to conduct a penis size study: You can either send people out into the field to take measurements (as was done in the Lifestyle study conducted in Cancu... | [
"Nevertheless, even the sex-dichotomous differences are not absolute in the human population, and there are individuals who are exceptions (e.g., XY males with a uterus; undeveloped testes), or phenotypical females with an XY karyotype (undeveloped reproductive organs), or who exhibit biological and/or behavioral c... |
askscience, can you help me identify this molecule? | It's menthol, the active ingredient in peppermint.
Or, (1R,2S,5R)-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol
edit - missed an l. thanks ColloidMan. | [
"BULLET::::- 1956 - The chemical structure of the molecule was determined by Dorothy Hodgkin, based on crystallographic data. She was awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for determining the structure of vitamin B and other complex molecules.\n",
"Evidence for the existence of the following molecules has bee... |
ENGLISH LANGUAGE - Do we have a credible, first-recorded, reference to using the word "cool" in the same context as it's used today? | Art historian Robert Farris Thompson has argued that the notion of "cool" (in the sense that you describe) had its origins in West African culture. In many African languages, the quality of being "cool" (as a metaphor relating to temperature) was correlated with an aesthetic sensibility: particularly a calm, effortless... | [
"While slang terms are usually short-lived coinages and figures of speech, \"cool\" is an especially ubiquitous slang word, most notably among young people. As well as being understood throughout the English-speaking world, the word has even entered the vocabulary of several languages other than English.\n",
"The... |
why does the american government, under the banner of human rights, prepare for military strikes, while there are more blatant abuses of human rights in north korea? | The American government doesn't go to war over human right violations, it merely uses them as a pretext. | [
"However, although Americans are inclined to defensive and or pacifist positions against North Korea, the Global Attitudes Survey conducted by the Pew Research Center in the spring of 2017 suggests how a majority of Americans (64%) expects U.S. military intervention if one of its Pacific allies (particularly Japan ... |
why do people say that they love america or are proud to be an american, when all they do is complain about how bad things are in america? | Because for all of America's faults... it's still home. You don't give up on your home if its still salvageable (which most people would agree).
So people are proud to be an American for what America *should* be.. though perhaps they don't like what America has become. | [
"Many Americans strongly believe the U.S. is a \"Land of Opportunity\" that offers every child an equal chance at social and economic mobility. That Americans rise from humble origins to riches, has been called a \"civil religion\", \"the bedrock upon which the American story has been anchored\", and part of the Am... |
What were the main theological disputes between the Old Believers and the Orthodox Church in Muscovy? | The reforms of the patriarch Nikon concerned mainly rites which were out of synch with those used elsewhere in the Orthodoxy (f.e. Russian now had to cross themselves with three fingers instead of two) as well as the iconographic and orthographic conventions used in Russia as the time (f.e. instead of "Isus", Jesus had... | [
"The Russian Orthodox Church was devastated by the Bolshevik Revolution. One of its effects was a flood of refugees from Russia to the United States, Canada, and Europe. The Revolution of 1917 severed large sections of the Russian church—dioceses in America, Japan, and Manchuria, as well as refugees in Europe—from ... |
Were there woman inventors that invented something important, but got rejected because she was a woman. And years later a man came with the same idea and it got approved and made the books for great inventions? | Sorry, we don't allow ["example seeking" questions](_URL_0_). It's not that your question was bad; it's that these kinds of questions tend to produce threads that are collections of disjointed, partial, inadequate responses. If you have a question about a specific historical event, period, or person, feel free to rewri... | [
"Before engineering was recognized as a formal profession, women with engineering skills often sought recognition as inventors. One of the earliest women inventors was Hypatia of Alexandria (350? 370?–415), who is credited with the invention of the hydrometer. Tabitha Babbit (1784–1853?) was an American toolmaker w... |
why when standing on a cliff a little voice tells me jump | Your brain imagines all the possibilities. One possibility is to jump, and you get an adrenaline rush thinking about it. Of course, your logical brain understands that you would die if you jumped, and since you don't want to kill yourself, you ignore that impulse.
That voice is what skydivers, bungee jumpers, and othe... | [
"Jumping from height is the act of jumping from high altitudes, for example, from a window (self-defenestration or auto-defenestration), balcony or roof of a high rise building, cliff, dam or bridge. This method, in most cases, results in severe consequences if the attempt fails, such as paralysis, organ damage, an... |
What is the minimum area in which rain can occur? | Your own definition has doomed your question. When you say "I don't mean scattered droplets", well, what exactly are you asking? Technically one drop is the minimum amount of rain that can fall from a single cloud (and yes, this is completely possible). Technically a stream of drops could fall in single file, making th... | [
"Rain rarely falls in this region and aside from a handful of permanent waterholes, surface water is absent at all times except after heavy rain. Most of the territory is flat sandy or stony desert with a sparse covering of shrubs or tussock grasses. Average rainfall varies from one area to another and is quoted at... |
Are there any examples of pre-20th century, on-site war memorials? | On site war memorials were quite common in ancient Greece. The Greeks would set up a *tropaion* on a tree dressed with the arms of the defeated army.
For a full on war memorial by today's standards, the Thebans erected the Lion of Chaeronea to commemorate their dead. No idea when it was erected but Pausanias mentions ... | [
"There was a considerable demand for memorials and similar enterprises after both the First and Second World Wars. Of note are the Memorial Cloisters at Winchester College (1924), Harrow School memorial, Marlborough College Memorial Hall (1925), the Arch of Remembrance in Victoria Park, Leicester (1925), King Georg... |
what is it about the little triangle in my windscreen that doesn't touch the wiper blades that makes it look different when wet? | The wipers scrape off most of the dirt in their path, so that one area they can't reach has a layer of dirt that looks different from the clean glass when wet. | [
"A common alternative design used on ships, called a clear view screen, avoids the use of rubber wiper blades. A round portion of the windscreen has two layers, the outer one of which is spun at high speed to shed water.\n",
"Another wiper design (Fig. 6) is pantograph-based, used on many commercial vehicles, esp... |
how does the temperature inside a car on a hot day exceed the actual temperature of that day? | The glass in the car's windows act in the same manner as the glass of a greenhouse, allowing sunlight to enter but not allowing heat to exit. | [
"BULLET::::- The temperature inside closed-cockpit cars was not to exceed 32 °C in cars with air conditioning or 10 °C above the ambient air temperature in cars without. The ACO would monitor cockpit temperature, and stop any car in which those limits were exceeded.\n",
"Other factors influence the temperature of... |
why was euro disney (disneyland paris) such a financial disaster when it opened ? | What i understand from my hospitality and culture classes, is that Disney tried to copy and paste Disney World into Disney Europe. Like everything was the same, company culture, work ethics whatsoever.
Since Europeans and Americans are most definitely not the same type of people that completely backlashed and made th... | [
"In 1994, the company was still having financial difficulties. There were rumours that Euro Disney was getting close to having to declare bankruptcy. The banks and the backers had meetings to work out some of the financial problems facing Euro Disney. In March 1994 Team Disney went into negotiations with the banks ... |
why is packaged food required to have nutrition facts, but not served food? | Food prepared by a chef has a certain amount of variance in the prep which makes setting a hard number difficult.
(Assuming USA) The FDA has requirements for when a restaurant must provide nutrition info for the foods they prepare. Basically if there is a chain of more than 20 restaurants, they are required by law to ... | [
"Packaging protects food from damage during its transportation from farms and factories via warehouses to retailing, as well as preserving its freshness upon arrival. Although it avoids considerable food waste, packaging can compromise efforts to reduce food waste in other ways, such as by contaminating waste that ... |
How does snake/spider poison affect the human body? | > The most common coagulopathy associated with snake envenoming worldwide is venom-induced consumption coagulopathy (VICC), which results from activation of the coagulation pathway by snake toxins including thrombin-like enzymes, prothrombin activators, and factor X activators.
[source](_URL_0_)
[More info on coag ... | [
"Snake venom contains toxins capable of causing death to the reptile’s prey in many various ways. Most of the toxins fall into one of the two categories: elapid (mainly neurotoxic) or viperid (mainly hemotoxic) toxins depending on the immediate cause of death. Elapid snakes cause prey to die from asphyxiation becau... |
Some of the Germanic tribes that invaded Britain in the 500s came from the same place as some of the Vikings (Jutland); but media/books all paint a sharp difference between the 'Anglo Saxons' and the 'Danes' -- would those at the time really see that much of a difference? | [You might want to take a look at this answer](_URL_0_) from /u/bristoneman | [
"According to Bede in the \"Ecclesiastical History of the English People\", from the late 4th century onwards, Germanic tribes such as the Goths, Vandals, Angles, Saxons, Lombards, Suebi, Frisii and Franks invaded or migrated to the island of Great Britain (Britannia) from continental Europe, the generic term for t... |
why should you not deflate a hot tire/tyre? | Cause tires on THE road cause friction. Friction causes heat. Heat then expands. So when said heat is cooled it will go back down to a normal tire pressure | [
"Tires called R-Compounds are commonly used in motorsports for high amounts of traction. The soft rubber allows them to expand when they are heated up, making more surface area on the pavement, therefore producing the most traction. These types of tires do not have grooves on them. Tire pressure is dependent on the... |
What are the social ranks/classes in Viking period Norse society? | I don't have alot of time for a reply but i'll see what I can put out.
yes, you can sorta be both leysingi and bondi, it is just generally rare.
if you were a thrall, you could be freed by being bought or given your freedom because you fought for your owner or were a tradesmen.
If you were freed for helping or savin... | [
"Viking society was divided into the three socio-economic classes: Thralls, Karls and Jarls. This is described vividly in the Eddic poem of Rígsþula, which also explains that it was the God Ríg – father of mankind also known as Heimdallr – who created the three classes. Archaeology has confirmed this social structu... |
how do modern cars track miles per gallon displayed on the dashboard of some models? is it an accurate read for the most part or do manufacturers set it up to give you a gratifying, if not completely accurate, reading? | The car's computer knows how fast the car is going from the speedometer sensor. It also knows how many times the fuel injectors are cycling per second and how long they are running, because the computer is controlling that in response to throttle position, air temperature, and a bunch of other factors.
So it knows how... | [
"Metrication is mostly complete as road signs solely use metric measurements, as do the speedometers and odometers in motor vehicles produced after 1974, but there was no requirement for pre-1974 vehicles to have their speedometers and odometers converted to metric, so any remaining vehicles of this vintage will sh... |
energy can't be created or destroyed. when i eat i take the energy that went into making that food and absorb it, changing it into movement. where does that converted energy go to when i use it? how does it get re-used? | A good chunk gets released from your body as heat, which is why your body remains so warm and when you walk out on a cold day you can see your breath and heat rising from your body.
The rest gets distributed amongst stool, storage, and maintenance of your body which will then be converted into the bodies main energy s... | [
"The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be neither created nor destroyed. But energy can be converted from one form of energy to another. So, when a calorie of food energy is consumed, one of three particular effects occur within the body: a portion of that calorie may be stored as body fat, triglyc... |
What is the history of government shutdowns in the US? Have there ever been any of real consequence to the average person? | This isn't an answer to your question, but a very quick clarification: every shutdown has consequences for the "average person" if their employment is in any way related to the government:
> The ratings agency estimated that about 400,000 federal employees were furloughed, another 1.2 million federal employees worke... | [
"Between 1980 and 2013, there were eight government shutdowns in the United States. Most of these shutdowns revolved around budget issues including fights over the debt ceiling and led to the furlough of certain 'non-essential' personnel. The majority of these fights lasted 1–2 days with a few exceptions lasting mo... |
How did your typical Roman legionaries deal with enemy cavalry charges? | The traditional 4 main methods they used were:
1. Their own cavalry protects them from enemy cavalry.
2. Ranged weapons. Arrows, slings, javelins, artillery.
3. Good defensive terrain and/or field fortifications.
4. Spears.
The first of these - one's own cavalry - can fail when the enemy cavalry is stronger. For a... | [
"Roman cavalry of the Republican period specialised in the shock charge, followed by close melee combat. Examples include the Battle of Sentinum (295 BC), in which the cavalry played a crucial role in the Romans' crushing victory over an enormous combined army of Samnites and Gauls. On the left wing, the Romans twi... |
why are laws which require identification for voting, such as in texas, being scrutinized by the media? | There are almost no non-eligible voters who are using the lack of ID laws to vote. There are many eligible voters who don't have a valid ID, and thus will became unable to vote under these new laws. | [
"In July 2016, a federal appeals court found that Texas's voter ID law discriminated against black and Hispanic voters because only a few types of ID were allowed; for example, military IDs and concealed carry permits were allowed, but state employee photo IDs and university photo IDs were not.\n",
"In Texas, a v... |
why has no other country helped the countries that russia invaded? | Lots of countries have helped Ukraine by imposing sanctions on Russia.
If you're asking why no country has yet engaged with Russia militarily, it's because Russia has one of the largest, strongest militaries in the world, and getting into a war with Russia would be extremely costly in terms of human life, and risks es... | [
"Russia entered the World War in 1914 against Germany, Austria and the Ottoman Empire to defend the Kingdom of Serbia, and to gain access to the Mediterranean Sea at the expense of the Ottoman Empire. Financial help came from its allies Britain and France. The Russian military failed, as did the political and econo... |
Would it be possible to turn a desert into habitable land? | The answer you get will depend on how you define "habitable".
If you mean no more than beeing able to provide enough in-situ water to meet the needs of a small human population with food flown/trucked/shipped in, say a couple thousand people, the answer will probably be yes provided a dependable nearby source of water... | [
"Prevention of shifting sand dunes is accomplished through plantations of \"Acacia tortilis\" near Laxmangarh town. There are few local tree species suitable for planting in the desert region and these are slow growing. The introduction of exotic tree species in the desert for plantation has become necessary. Many ... |
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