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How long can a person live in outer space unprotected? | Great question! I would recommend staying away from yahoo answers though, as most of the answers and even most of the questions are from trolls.
Here is the answer to your question, straight from NASA!
> How long can a human live unprotected in space?
> If you don't try to hold your breath, exposure to space for h... | [
"To date, the longest human occupation of space is the International Space Station which has been in continuous use for . Valeri Polyakov's record single spaceflight of almost 438 days aboard the Mir space station has not been surpassed. Long-term stays in space reveal issues with bone and muscle loss in low gravit... |
This week's theme: Corruption | **[Previously](_URL_0_)**
**Current**: Corruption
**Upcoming**: Autocracy
**In the hole**: Feminism | [
"Corruption is a global ethical and legal issue and is defined by Transparency International as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain. The aim of the Global Corruption Report is to bring the matter of corruption to the attention of the world and aid in combating it. It is also designed as a tool to help pol... |
Any good books about feudalism? | Susan Reynolds' [Fiefs and Vassals](_URL_0_) is NOT a quick or easy read, but if you're serious about current understandings of feudalism and a summary of the debates that have occurred in the field (up to 1996, that is), this is a well-respected and widely debated book on the subject. Reynolds sees the "traditional" ... | [
"Outside of a medieval European historical context, the concept of feudalism is generally used by analogy (called semi-feudal), most often in discussions of Japan under the \"shōguns\", and, sometimes, nineteenth-century Ethiopia. However, some have taken the feudalism analogy further, seeing it in places as divers... |
difference between a virus, a bacteria and a parasite | A bacteria is a living organism with basic structures and can reproduce on its own and carry out functions as either a single unit or a group of cells. A virus is a nonliving cell that's essentially a mass of DNA surrounded by what is called a capsid--Basically their only function is to hijack a cell and make copies of... | [
"Many bacteria are parasitic, though they are more generally thought of as pathogens causing disease. Parasitic bacteria are extremely diverse, and infect their hosts by a variety of routes. To give a few examples, \"Bacillus anthracis\", the cause of anthrax, is spread by contact with infected domestic animals; it... |
how do musicians memorize pages upon pages of music? | how do you memorize the tune of your favorite song? Its essentially the same process, but instead of just listening, they are making the music on the spot with the instrument.
if you play a song enough, muscle memory comes into play as well | [
"Although many music manuscripts of this time are laid out page by page, the scores in Drexel 4302 are generally laid out across two facing pages. This means that a line of music will begin on a verso of a leaf and continue to the recto of the following leaf before continuing on the previous verso.\n",
"Music man... |
why is anecdotal evidence so unreliable? | Confirmation bias is part of it, but it's also simple statistics. Any given trend has some noise in it: if we say that X tend to be bluer than Y, that doesn't mean that *any given* X is bluer than *any given* Y. If you take a very small sample of Xs and Ys, there's actually a relatively high chance that you'll find the... | [
"Anecdotal evidence is also frequently misinterpreted via the availability heuristic, which leads to an overestimation of prevalence. Where a cause can be easily linked to an effect, people overestimate the likelihood of the cause having that effect (availability). In particular, vivid, emotionally charged anecdote... |
why i feel addicted to cracking my fingers. | Cracking your fingers releases endorphins, which makes it pleasurable, which are the same hormones that make people addicted to drugs or food or alcohol. | [
"The intense desire to recapture the initial high is what is so addictive for many users. On the other hand, Reinarman et al. wrote that the nature of crack addiction depends on the social context in which it is used and the psychological characteristics of users, pointing out that many heavy crack users can go for... |
is there a reason to why things so simple as "flappy bird" can turn out so addictive? | IMO Flappy bird in particular becomes so addictive because it has a high risk/reward potential. Its frustration level is just enough to cause you to get a bit of a rush and almost want to beat the game at its own game. And when you make a small accomplishment you are relieved of that frustration just long enough to eng... | [
"At a time when the drawings were trying to pass on a positive or educational message, the bird broke all taboos with stories full of mentions of smoking, alcoholism, or sex. The character himself once defined himself to Miss Meany as someone not very good: \"I have a lot of habits. And they are all bad!\".\n",
"... |
Theoretically how far could a person see from 30,000 feet in the air? | Let D be the height above Earth. Let R be the radius of the Earth. The distance you can see is SQRT( (D+R)^2 - R^2 ). Make sure R and D are in the same units. | [
"BULLET::::- Americans Don Piccard and Ed Yost become the first people to cross the English Channel in a hot-air balloon. The 3¾-hour flight from Rye, England, to Gravelines, France, reaches an altitude of 13,000 feet (3,962 meters).\n",
"BULLET::::- Aviator Georges Legagneux became the first person to fly an air... |
Hollywood depicts American authorities as "never negotiating with terrorists", but have they ever actually in the past 100 years? | During the 1980s, several [Americans](_URL_2_) were captured in Lebanon amidst the civil war there. Some of the Americans, including the CIA station chief at the time, were captured by Hezbollah, an Iranian backed militia. To bring these hostages home, members of the Reagan administration secretly negotiated with Iran... | [
"Mendez created a fake movie production company called Studio Six (named for the six hostages). He made up a movie poster and took out advertisements in Hollywood trade papers, announcing the production of \"Argo\", a fictitious film. Mendez flew to Tehran, Iran with six fake Canadian passports and a risky plan to ... |
What is the history about the two headed eagle that some countries use on their flags or other governmental institutions emblem? | hi! it might be worth x-posting this question to the flag sub, /r/vexillology, or /r/heraldry to see what they come up with. Meanwhile, here's an earlier post that may be of interest ~
* [A question regarding the Double-headed Eagle and the heraldry of the Komnenoi](_URL_0_) | [
"The two-headed eagle appears, often as a supporter, on the modern and historical arms and flags of Austria-Hungary, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Austria (1934–1938), Albania, Armenia, Montenegro, the Russian Federation, Serbia. It was also used as a charge on the Greek coat of arms for a brief period in 1925–1926. I... |
the usa teaches subjects like chemistry, history, etc. in school but are rarely used in an average person's normal day to day life. however finance skills are used on a daily basis and have a much larger impact on an individual's life. so why is persinal finance not taught in high schools? | It's not the point of school to teach only the things that would be most useful to every person's life. You might as well ask why schools don't teach people how to do laundry or ask for a job.
School subjects are there to give everyone an understanding of certain basic concepts that may or may not be expanded upon lat... | [
"According to a survey done by Harris Interactive, 99% of the adults agreed that personal finance should be taught in schools. Financial authorities and the American federal government had offered free educational materials online to the public. However, according to a Bank of America poll, 42% of adults were disco... |
What role did the military in ancient Greek society | There are two key areas I can think of where the military will have had a big imact on society as a whole in archaic Greece: tyranny and democracy. These are two forms of government which get some attention for this period as they led to massive changes in the way things were done, and who held the power, in archaic an... | [
"The fragmented political structure of Ancient Greece, with many competing city-states, increased the frequency of conflict, but at the same time limited the scale of warfare. Limited manpower did not allow most Greek city-states to form large armies which could operate for long periods because they were generally ... |
if north korea's economy is crappy, their populace is starving, and they have nothing big going on in terms of production, how do they have all this military strength? what do they use to get military weapons and supply an army? | They spend what little they have on military. Also, most of there military equipment is way out dated. | [
"In 2014 North Korea had an exceptionally good harvest, 5.08 million tonnes of cereal equivalent, almost sufficient to feed the entire population. While food production had recovered significantly since the hardest years of 1996 and 1997, the recovery was fragile, subject to adverse weather and year to year economi... |
why can a person feel their pulse in a toothache or any area of pain? | When the heart pumps with each beat there's a slight increase in pressure. Blood vessels swell up a bit. It's not much, but enough to be noticed if you put your finger on a major artery where it's close to the surface. An area where things are inflamed and already sensitive, the slight swelling of the blood vessel i... | [
"Although the pulse can be felt in multiple places in the head, people should not normally hear their heartbeats within the head. This is called pulsatile tinnitus, and it can indicate several medical disorders.\n",
"The brain itself is not sensitive to pain, because it lacks pain receptors. However, several area... |
how would a swimming pool in space work? | You would have to scuba dive. I imagine a room completely filled with water and a entry chamber that they would be empty of water, then filled. The door would open and you would enter the main pool.
I don't know why you would want to undergo the bother, unless you wanted the increased water resistance to help with e... | [
"Swimming pools are also used for events such as synchronized swimming, water polo, canoe polo and underwater sports such as underwater hockey, underwater rugby, finswimming and sport diving as well as for teaching diving, lifesaving and scuba diving techniques. They have also been used for specialist tasks such as... |
If there is a stationary source of sound, and I am moving away from it, will I experience a Doppler shift? | Yes. There may be differences based on the relative speed of the source, the air and you. Otherwise no, it will be the same. | [
"An interesting effect was predicted by Lord Rayleigh in his classic book on sound: if the source is moving toward the observer at twice the speed of sound, a musical piece emitted by that source would be heard in correct time and tune, but \"backwards\". The Doppler effect with sound is only clearly heard with obj... |
How did the system of government work among the Sioux indians? | I'm not as familiar with Plains culture, so I'll quote from William Powers' *Oglala Religion*, specifically the section on **Authority and Control: The Camp Circle**.
> Throughout most of the year the Oglalas operated in small groups enabling them to exploit the environment with maximum efficiency. Each of the *wico... | [
"In 1936 the Tribal Government was formed under the Wheeler Howard Act (also known as the Indian Reorganization Act), authorizing Native American tribes to re-establish their governments. The tribe wrote a constitution creating an elected government of representation at the Tribal Council, supported by a Tribal Cou... |
why isn't there a consistent number and order of flavors in tubed candy like sweet tarts and wine gums? | It takes a lot more effort and precision machinery to accurately sort identical amounts of things into a container than it does to dump all the things into a single hopper and have it package whatever comes up. | [
"Before 1992, all Good & Fruity candies contained the same-flavored red gummy center, relying upon the hard candy shell to provide the different flavor according to color. Sometime around 1992, however, the formula was changed and the candies' interiors became color & flavor-coordinated with the outer shell to give... |
How would Christians in the 100s/200s/300s/400s view the various modern denominations? | [This type](_URL_0_) of question is discouraged as it is very broad and cannot be answered very precisely. Perhaps you could focus it further? | [
"Christians ranked as the second most educated religious group around in the world with an average of 9.3 years of schooling. Christians were found to have the second highest number of graduate and post-graduate degrees per capita while in absolute numbers ranked in the first place (220 million). According to the s... |
when i have nosebleeds, why is it only on one side? | That's atypical. As far as I know, most people can bleed out of either of their nostrils. | [
"A nosebleed (epistaxis) usually occurs in the anterior part of the nose from an area known as Kiesselbach's plexus which consists of arteries. Woodruff's plexus is a venous plexus in the posterior part and a nosebleed here accounts for only between 5 and 10 per cent of nosebleeds. Older adults are most often affec... |
why do animals act casual and gaze around like nothing’s happening, even though they might be getting killed or are the situation is serious? | Animals usually dont have similar facial expressions to humans, the exeption being our closest genetic realetives like chimps and such. Even then the facial expressions mean very different things to them. And animal with it head and ears up scanning its surrounding is looking for a potential threat so it can run the op... | [
"Animals respond to threats in many complex ways. Rats, for instance, try to escape when threatened, but will fight when cornered. Some animals stand perfectly still so that predators will not see them. Many animals freeze or play dead when touched in the hope that the predator will lose interest.\n",
"Interactio... |
How can an object at 1°K emit blackbody radiation? | 1) temperatures are not integers, the object will just slowly approach 0 K (like an asymptote) without ever reaching it (e.g. 1 K - > 0.5 K - > 0.02 K etc)
2) it's not °K, there's no degree in Kelvin | [
"When the intensity of the incoming radiation, \"I\", is much greater than the intensity of blackbody radiation, \"B\"(\"T\"), the emission term can be neglected. This is usually the case when working with a laboratory spectrophotometer, where the sample is near 300 °K and the light source is a filament at several ... |
Could there have been a civilization in Antarctica? | What's your source? It conflicts considerably with the mainstream chronology of Antarctica ([source](_URL_0_)), which has glacier formation beginning around 38 million years ago and the ice cap around 14-11 million years ago, long before humans or our near-human ancestors could have potentially reached Antarctica. | [
"During the Cenozoic climatic cooling, the Antarctic Peninsula was the last region of Antarctica to have been fully glaciated according to current research. As a result, this region was probably the last refugium for plants and animals that had inhabited Antarctica after it separated from the Gondwanaland supercont... |
Do volcanoes rise from underwater or do they just grow bigger until they break through the sea level? | There are three categories of causes of volcanism common within ocean basins:
1) [Subduction related volcanism](_URL_3_) (the one you mentioned) which tend to form [island arcs](_URL_1_). Japan is an excellent example (along with a host of other archipelagos in the South Pacific).
2) Hotspot volcanism, the best idea ... | [
"Submarine eruptions are a type of volcanic eruption that occurs underwater. An estimated 75% of the total volcanic eruptive volume is generated by submarine eruptions near mid ocean ridges alone, however because of the problems associated with detecting deep sea volcanics, they remained virtually unknown until adv... |
why do we call it "our brain"? | Because it is your brain. Just like your body is you, and also your body. And also we don't refer to ourselves as "our brain", at least nobody I know does. Everyone I know refers to themselves as "me". Actually the more I read this question the less I'm sure I know what you're actually asking. Yes we are indeed our bra... | [
"The word \"mind\" is preferred by cognitive scientists to \"psyche\". The mind is a set of cognitive faculties including consciousness, perception, thinking, judgement, language and memory. It is usually defined as the faculty of an entity's thoughts and consciousness. [\"mind – definition of mind in English | Oxf... |
why do marine engine utilize only one gear for their transmission instead of multiple gear ratios in a automobile? | In a car the speeds of the engine and the wheels are directly connected by the gearbox. The engine needs to be within a relatively narrow band of speeds to run efficiently and generate the best power, so you use a gearbox to allow the wheels to turn at a wide range of speeds while the engine stays within its preferred ... | [
"Contemporary automobile manual transmissions typically use four to six forward gear ratios and one reverse gear, although consumer automobile manual transmissions have been built with as few as two and as many as seven gears. Transmissions for heavy trucks and other heavy equipment usually have 8 to 25 gears so th... |
what is the spacex dragon, and why is it such a big deal? | Until very recently, only governments had ever built rockets big enough to take people into space. Now a non-government business Space X has joined the US, Russia and China in becoming space capable. Once enough trials are done, Space X will be a NASA subcontractor for delivering people and goods to the International S... | [
"Dragon Man was once found by the original X-Men and was considered an unofficial mascot of sorts. After a period of time on the team where he developed a deep affection for Jean Grey, Dragon Man had to be released to the creature filled island known in the Marvel Universe as Monster Island.\n",
"In 2012 the Spac... |
Since water can boil if you create a vacuum around it. Would it freeze if you applied enough pressure? If not, why not? | Under normal conditions it will melt. The [phase diagram](_URL_0_) (graph of state with varying temperature and pressure) is oddly shaped because liquid water is denser than ice-1h (which is every piece of ice you have ever seen). Most substances will reliably freeze under pressure but it is a lower energy state for wa... | [
"Vacuum evaporation is the process of causing the pressure in a liquid-filled container to be reduced below the vapor pressure of the liquid, causing the liquid to evaporate at a lower temperature than normal. Although the process can be applied to any type of liquid at any vapor pressure, it is generally used to d... |
why is it so hard to find a cure for cancer despite the money that has been poured into cancer research? | Because there are many, many cancers. Saying 'a cure for cancer' is about as reasonable as saying 'a cure for physical injury'. There are as many different kinds of cancer as there are ways and places that a person could be cut, bruised, broken or burned.
The research, tests and trials are constantly discovering, test... | [
"Steven Novella writes, in Skepticblog, about the general misunderstanding and sensationalizing of cancer research that typically accompanies a conspiratorial mindset. He points out that cures for cancer, rather than being hidden, are not the cures they are initially touted to be by the media and either result in a... |
What were the Roman cheeses like? | Before refrigeration, the production of cheese was somewhat of an agricultural necessity, and seen as so central to civilisation that even the Cyclopes were imagined by Homer to have some goat cheese maturing in caves.
This being so, the people of the Mediterranean who would come to be united by the Empire had millenn... | [
"By Roman times, cheese-making was a mature art and common food group. Columella's \"De Re Rustica\" (circa 65 CE) details a cheese-making process involving rennet coagulation, pressing of the curd, salting, and aging. Pliny's \"Natural History\" (77 CE) devotes two chapters (XI, 96-97) to the diversity of cheeses ... |
Why does our body make longer, darker hair under a cast? | [Your hair is bleached by exposure to the sun.](_URL_0_)
Sorry for the weird source, but I think it suffices. | [
"Malnutrition is also known to cause hair to become lighter, thinner, and more brittle. Dark hair may turn reddish or blondish due to the decreased production of melanin. The condition is reversible with proper nutrition.\n",
"Like much of the hair on the human body, leg, arm, chest, and back hair begin as vellus... |
can some explain why the world trade center building 7 fell over when a plane didn't hit it? like i'm 260 weeks old... | Because it was hit with a huge chunk of debris from one of the other towers that fell. | [
"The plane crashes and resulting fires caused the collapse of the World Trade Center. Controlled demolition conspiracy theories say the collapse of the North Tower, South Tower, or of 7 World Trade Center was caused by explosives installed in the buildings in advance.\n",
"10:28:22: The North Tower of the World T... |
if a military vessel seizes narcotics in international waters, what happens to the drugs? who has control of them? | canada gets them, and they get incinerated. | [
"Drug interdiction at sea is also part of the Navy's strategy to combat drug trafficking, this came to light when, on July 16, 2008, the navy intercepted a 10-metre-long (33 ft) narco submarine travelling about 200 kilometres (120 mi) off the southwest of the state of Oaxaca; in a raid, Navy Special Forces rappelle... |
How accurate is this depiction of medieval fighting? | Disclaimer: I am not an educated historian, I am a HMB fighter. I do this as a sport. I fight in this sport at the world championships level, so I'm a bit biased.
The armour we wear is the same, or damn near close to (with the exception of titanium) what would be fielded in medieval times. Hardened and tempered sprin... | [
"The battle system in \"Medieval: Total War\" was considered by many reviewers to be the highlight of the game. In their review, Eurogamer felt \"The sensation of scale and drama in these conflicts is incredible\", praising the visual effects and combat. The different battlefields and their environments were praise... |
Could the United States of America annexed the Louisiana Territory from France by invasion without much ramifications? | Although a pro-British camp existed in early US politics, the United States in it's early history tended to be very close with France, as the United Kingdom didn't hesitate to threaten the new country's sovereignty at every chance it got, and France had played a decisive role in the fight for independence. This is exem... | [
"Napoleon quickly reneged on this agreement. In the 1803 Louisiana Purchase, France sold the territory to the United States. This led to conflict between the latter nation and Spain. The Spanish contended that the sale of Louisiana to the United States was invalid, and that the territory had reverted to them. Altho... |
what makes banks special enough to be able to hold electronic money? what is stopping people from just opening their own accounts? | Banks are tightly regulated by the government, required to follow thousands of laws and rules, and subject to constant inspection and detailed audits at any time. Therefore they are trusted to manage certain financial tasks. | [
"Commercial or retail banks use what is known as core banking software which record and manage the transactions made by the banks' customers to their accounts. For example, it allows a customer to go to any branch of the bank and do its banking from there. In essence, it frees the customer from their home branch an... |
If risks of transmitting HIV during vaginal intercourse is less than 0.1%, how is it possible that there are 24,000,000 people in Africa living with the virus? | First, keep in mind that that risk is an average for male to female transmission during vaginal intercourse. Multiple factors can affect this risk including the presence of other lesions (such as syphilis), high viral load of the male can increase that risk, and participation in anal intercourse.
Secondly, remember ... | [
"Medical authority sources disagree: \"When risk is assessed \"per act\" of unprotected vaginal intercourse\" (between an infected male and a female partner), \"the chance of HIV transmission is estimated to be between 1 in 500 and 1 in 1000.\" Campfield said the numbers quoted by him were for transmission to heter... |
Can someone explain how my Holocaust refugee great grandfather only served 6 months in the Army? | Hello there! As your question is related to looking for identification/information regarding military personnel, our [Guide on Military Identification](_URL_0_) may be of use to you. It provides a number of different resources, including how to request service records from a number of national agencies around the world... | [
"Some 250 American veterans, including Murray Greenfield (of the ship \"Hatikva\"), from World War II volunteered to sail ten ships (\"The Jews' Secret Fleet\") from the United States to Europe to load 35,000 survivors of the Holocaust (half of the illegal immigrants to Palestine), only to be deported to detention ... |
Why can we detect water but not O2 on exoplanets? |
Like another comment said, we use absorption lines in order to study the chemical composition of stars. Why stars? Because they're really really bright and even though they're quadrillions of miles away, we still receive a spectrum with adequate signal-to-noise ratio. This is important because the absorption lines var... | [
"The exoplanet was announced to be either orbiting within or slightly outside of the habitable zone of its parent star, the region where, with the correct conditions and atmospheric properties, liquid water may exist on the surface of the planet. On 31 August 2017, astronomers at the Hubble Space Telescope reported... |
feminists often complain of a wage gap but i always thought (at least in the u.k.) that it was illegal to pay someone less for the same job as it was discriminatory. so where does this 'wage gap' come from? | It's not illegal in the UK, the idea of attempting to align everyone's wages (both male and female) is a nightmare.
If you worked in an office for 10 years with only incremental pay increase, the company then employs another person doing the same job at the current market rates which could be higher or lower than wha... | [
"Women have had a long history of discrimination in the workplace. Feminist theory points to the concept of a family wage- a rate substantial enough to support a man and his family- as the explanation to why women's labor is cheap, claiming it preserves \"male dominance and women's dependence in the family\". Thoug... |
what are the post music genres such as post rock, post grunge etc.? | "Post-" means that the genre was created by people familiar with and reacting or responding to the original genre. The term often gets associated with a genre that superficially sounds like the genre that originally inspired it but which intentionally subverts one of the dominant aspect of the previous genre. | [
"Post-rock is a form of experimental rock characterized by a focus on exploring textures and timbre over traditional rock song structures, chords, or riffs. Post-rock artists are often instrumental, typically combining rock guitars and drums with electronic instruments. The genre emerged within the indie and underg... |
how did hacker(s) retrieve assumingly protected pictures from phones during "the fappening"? | They weren't retrieved from phones, they were taken from iCloud. I read that one of Apple's APIs was failing to lock people out after too many failed logins, but I don't know if it was ever confirmed that that's what was exploited. | [
"According to security expert Nik Cubrilovic, in addition to the photographs, other personal information such as text messages, calendars, address books, phone call logs and any other data stored on their phones and backed up to the service were also likely stolen.\n",
"In February 2019 \"The Register\" reported ... |
Why do some of the hottest peppers, like the Carolina Reaper or Trinidad Scorpion, have much more wrinkly and pimpled skin than other less hot peppers, like jalapeños or habaneros? | Hey I worked solanaceaous plants so I can provide some of the answer for this.
There are really only a couple of main species of chilli from which nearly all our cultivars are derived.
* Capsicum annuum; which are (mostly) shaped like the classic chilli and range from mild to moderately hot and the fruit wall is thi... | [
"While poblanos tend to have a mild flavor, occasionally and unpredictably they can have significant heat. Different peppers from the same plant have been reported to vary substantially in heat intensity. The ripened red poblano is significantly hotter and more flavorful than the less ripe, green poblano.\n",
"Th... |
If the speed that galaxies are moving from us is proportional to their distance from us and the speed of light indicates that we're looking into the past of object, wouldn't that allow for an interpretation that galaxies are slowing down or not moving away from each other at all? | If phrased that way, then yes.
If all galaxies are moving away in all directions and we are seeing them as they were, not as they are, one has to conclude either a) we are in a special part of space or b) space was expanding everywhere at some point in the past, because we are looking back in time at those galaxies.
... | [
"There are many galaxies visible in telescopes with red shift numbers of 1.4 or higher. All of these are currently traveling away from us at speeds greater than the speed of light. Because the Hubble parameter is decreasing with time, there can actually be cases where a galaxy that is receding from us faster than l... |
does bleach remove stains in their entirety or just masks the color? | Many of the stains we get on clothing are due to organic molecules, little groups of atoms bound together in particular structures. Because they are rather large and sticky, they get stuck in the fibers of clothing or carpet and make stains.
Bleach is a strongly reactive substance, meaning that it interacts with the ... | [
"Color safe bleach is a chemical that uses hydrogen peroxide as the active ingredient (to help remove stains) rather than sodium hypochlorite or chlorine. It also has chemicals in it that help brighten colors. Hydrogen peroxide is also used for sterilization purposes and water treatment, but its disinfectant capabi... |
what is the difference between "dangerous" drugs i.e. spice more dangerous than "recreational" drugs i.e. marijuana? | It depends on the drug. Most often, one or more factor leads a drug to be considered more dangerous than another:
1. Being more addictive, especially physically addictive (since withdrawal from some drugs can kill you).
2. Being easier to accidentally ingest a lethal dose.
3. Interacting with other drugs in a danger... | [
"Narcotic, refers to medical or psychoactive compound with sleep-inducing properties. In the United States it has since become associated with opiates and opioids, commonly morphine and heroin, as well derivatives of many of the compounds found within raw opium latex.\n",
"There have also been reports of a strong... |
if the sun's gravitational pull keeps the planets in our solar system from flying off, what keeps the sun from doing the same thing? | The sun is orbiting the center of the Milky Way.
Also, note that even if the sun isn't orbiting anything, what is your measure of "flying off"? If the sun is going in a straight line "flying off", nothing much will change to us. We will still orbit the sun. | [
"The Earth, among other planets, orbits the Sun because the Sun exerts a gravitational pull that acts as a centripetal force, holding the Earth to it, which would otherwise go shooting off into space. If the Sun's pull is considered an action, then Earth simultaneously exerts a reaction as a gravitational pull on t... |
what would be the implications from redefining the metre so that the speed of light would be exactly 300m m/s? | The metre is actually already based off the speed of light. It is the distance light will travel in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second. I don't see much point in changing the metre to the distance light will travel in 1/300,000,000 of a second aside from easier calculation.
It is a fairly difficult thing to change,... | [
"After centuries of increasingly precise measurements, in 1975 the speed of light was known to be with a measurement uncertainty of 4 parts per billion. In 1983, the metre was redefined in the International System of Units (SI) as the distance travelled by light in vacuum in 1/ of a second.\n",
"Then, at a speed ... |
why is skin considered an organ? | An organ is defined as a group of tissues that perform a function. or, as Google puts it:
> a part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function, such as the heart or liver in human
The skin is "self-contained" in that it can be easily differentiated from other parts of the body,... | [
"The organs, muscles, and other contents of the torso are supplied by nerves, which mainly originate as nerve roots from the thoracic and lumbar parts of the spinal cord. Some organs also receive a nerve supply from the vagus nerve. The sensation to the skin is provided by:\n",
"The human skin is the outer coveri... |
the physical makeup of tier 1 ip network operators. | They lease the lines and networks from other ISPs. They don't own anything but the routers they install at the users site(usually) In summary, you pay them more than they pay to lease the line.
They may have a couple aggregators or authentication servers, but can't be too many because 99% of what I see from them is o... | [
"Level 3 operated a Tier 1 network. The company provided core transport, IP, voice, video, and content delivery for medium-to-large Internet carriers in North America, Latin America, Europe, and selected cities in Asia. Level 3 was also the largest competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC) and the 3rd largest provi... |
when does murder become terrorism? | I always understood the word "terrorism" as using fear for the purpose of **coercion**. Kinda like blackmail or extortion, but using terror to get what you want.
A murderer is not trying to coerce anyone into doing anything. They have other motives; sometimes just the killing itself. They may be causing terror, but... | [
"Terrorism is an anxiety-inspiring method of repeated violent action, employed by (semi-) clandestine individual, group or state actors, for idiosyncratic, criminal or political reasons, whereby - in contrast to assassination - the direct targets of violence are not the main targets. The immediate human victims of ... |
why queensland, australia, doesn't use daylight savings time? | It's hot in Queensland. In the rest of Australia DST means the afternoon and early evening are sunnier and warmer than they would be otherwise, this isn't an issue if you're in Queensland. | [
"Due to complications with Australian time zones, this can vary slightly in some areas. For example, when daylight saving time is in effect in New South Wales, NSW-based stations broadcasting to the Gold Coast, Queensland would effectively push the broadcast watersheds an hour earlier, as Queensland does not observ... |
how does oman, a relatively small country, manage to stay clear off terrorism, even though it has its very own interpretation of islam? | Socioeconomic scenarios are always convoluted but one of the factors is that Oman has a very solid middle class. There really isn't room for extremism to grow in and fester. | [
"The threat of Terrorism in Oman is one of the lowest in the world. The Institute for Economics and Peace ranks the impact of terrorism in Oman as \"0\" on the Global Terrorism Index (meaning no impact of terrorism), Oman is the only Persian Gulf or Middle East country to rank as such. Uncovered Al-Qaeda and Islami... |
Are nitrites in processed meats bad for you? | For the longest time it appeared to just be ~~hearsay and speculation~~ correlational studies, but this year, a group of scientists actually did an experiment to show that nitrate-preserved meats induced the formation of aberrant crypts in mouse colon. Aberrant crypts are one of the earliest changes seen that may lead ... | [
"Nitrites are compounds found in processed meat, which have been implicated in causing cancer because they can be converted into nitrosamines in the body, and because of a 1970 study linking nitrosamines to cancer in rats. Additional support to this hypothesis came from a 1979 study in \"Science\" that has since be... |
Why does the surface of mars change color when it's driven on? | There is very likely a layer of sunbaked soil on top of a layer of non-exposed/protected soil.
Think of a mud puddle that has the dried layer on top that, when you step on it, reveals the darker mud below
*spelling | [
"The albedo of a surface usually varies with the wavelength of light hitting it. Mars reflects little light at the blue end of the spectrum but much at red and higher wavelengths. This is why Mars has the familiar reddish-orange color to the naked eye. But detailed observations reveal a subtle range of colors on Ma... |
Why is fluorine the most electronegative element? Shouldn't a hydrogen "want" to fill its 1st electron shell more than fluorine "wants" to fill its 2nd? | Keep in mind, that hydrogen can also just "give away" one electron to have an empty shell, which is also "closed" in some sense.
Fl**uo**rine on the other hand, has quite some more electrons, which it will rather keep, so adding one more electron will be easier to fill its outer shell. Additionally Fl**uo**rine has qui... | [
"In general, electronegativity increases on passing from left to right along a period, and decreases on descending a group. Hence, fluorine is the most electronegative of the elements (not counting noble gases), whereas caesium is the least electronegative, at least of those elements for which substantial data is a... |
Has anything like the European Union been attempted before? | Depending on how "like" you're looking for, there are a few examples. But the lack of warfare limits the choices somewhat.
The United States under the Articles of Confederation is one, while the Revolution gains them independence, the articles were a fairly loose organization that were entered without a fight.
I'm n... | [
"In 1973, eleven European countries decided to pursue joint collaboration in the field of space exploration and formed a new pan-national organisation to undertake this mission, the European Space Agency (ESA). For some time prior to the ESA's formation, France had been lobbying for the development of a new Europea... |
How did early Christian art depict Satan? | The earliest known art of Satan that I have encountered is the mosaic in the Basilica of Sant’Apollinaire Nuevo in Italy. In it Lucifer is depicted as a “blue angel,” a standard angel except colored blue.
In this piece of art, Satan is pictured next to Jesus on judgement day behind the goats (those who are not saved)... | [
"Some art historians claim that one of the mosaics contains the first depiction of Satan in western art. In the mosaic, a blue angel appears to the left hand side of Jesus behind three goats (mentioned in St Matthew's account of Judgement Day).\n",
"Satan's appearance is never described in the Bible or any early ... |
What are some of the ways Jewish people were hidden from the Nazis? | There are several known Polish medical doctors who alone saved thousands of Jews through their subversive practise. For example, Dr. Eugeniusz Łazowski, known as Polish 'Schindler', saved 8,000 Polish Jews from deportation to death camps, by faking an epidemic of typhus in the town of Rozwadów. Free medicine was given ... | [
"Since the Nazi terror reigned throughout the Aryan districts, the chances of remaining successfully hidden depended on a fluent knowledge of the language and on having close ties with the community. Many Poles were not willing to hide Jews who might have escaped the ghettos or who might have been in hiding due to ... |
how air is created | Animals take in (inhale) air, water, and sugars. They convert these into (exhale) carbon dioxide and water through very complicated processes in their bodies.
Plants take in ("inhale") sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. They convert these into ("exhale") air and sugar through very complicated processes in their bodi... | [
"The flow of air can be induced through mechanical means (such as by operating an electric or manual fan) or can take place passively, as a function of pressure differentials present in the environment.\n",
"Intermediate air is the air injected into the combustion zone through the second set of liner holes (prima... |
Are there any estimates for the coldest and hottest it has ever been (naturally) on Earth at any time in its history? | During the Early Hadean, it has been postulated that the Earths surface was one large lava lake. It's a reasonable assumption, but we have no surviving rocks from that period which limits our ability to caracterise Hadean conditions and environments. Through inference, we can suppose that surface temperatures were in e... | [
"The hottest air temperature ever recorded in Death Valley was on July 10, 1913, at Greenland Ranch (now Furnace Creek), which is the highest atmospheric temperature ever recorded on earth. A report of a temperature of 58 °C (136.4 °F) recorded in Libya in 1922 was later determined to be inaccurate. During the heat... |
What elements did Arab nationalism were borrowed from Nazism? | The influence of Nazism on various pan-Arab nationalist groups is highly contentious and politicized. There is no shortage of popular commentators that build on linkages between the Arab nationalists in the 1930s and early 1940s and the Third Reich. In some cases, this builds up to a charge that Arab nationalism was a ... | [
"Arab nationalism is a nationalist ideology that arose in the 20th century mainly as a reaction to Turkish nationalism. It is based on the premise that nations from Morocco to the Arabian peninsula are united by their common linguistic, cultural and historical heritage. Pan-Arabism is a related concept, which calls... |
How did the Inuits get all of there vitamin needs? | Various animal sources can actually provide significant vitamins to a diet, especially vitamin D and especially in offal.
From the abstract to [this article](_URL_0_):
> The published data show that the highest values of vitamin D are found in fish and especially in fish liver, but offal also provides considerable ... | [
"Vitamins and minerals which are typically derived from plant sources are nonetheless present in most Inuit diets. Vitamins A and D are present in the oils and livers of cold-water fishes and mammals. Vitamin C is obtained through sources such as caribou liver, kelp, whale skin, and seal brain; because these foods ... |
why are we never woken up by our own coughing/snoring while we sleep, but find it hard to sleep next to others who are coughing or snoring? | Well, it really depends, but, this can happen. Snoring occurs when someone cannot freely pass air through their mouth and nose, often there is a narrowing of the airway (such as overweight people who sleep on their back can have the weight of their neck on their esophagus which narrows the airway). If that airway becom... | [
"Noise can make sleeping difficult on occasions, whether from snoring, talking and social activities in the lounge, people staying up to read with the light on, someone either returning late from bars, or leaving early, or the proximity of so many people. To mitigate this, some wear earplugs or eye-covering sleepin... |
how do hospitals quarantine patients? | Depends on the pathogen. If it's something airborne like TB, the patient will be placed in a negative-pressure room, meaning the ventilation system in the room keeps the air pressure a tiny bit lower (you don't even feel the difference) than outside, so air always rushes into the room and not outward. For a diagram and... | [
"In cases where infection is merely suspected, individuals may be quarantined until the incubation period has passed and the disease manifests itself or the person remains healthy. Groups may undergo quarantine, or in the case of communities, a cordon sanitaire may be imposed to prevent infection from spreading bey... |
Did King Richard III murder the princes in the Tower of London? | All of the evidence is circumstantial. There are no eye-witness accounts, no murder weapon, and no definitive bodies were found. In legal parlance this would at least present a corpus delicti issue - there's no conclusive proof that a crime had even taken place, nevertheless accusing any specific person of anything. Pe... | [
"Shortly after the death of Edward IV in 1483, the notorious murder of the Princes in the Tower is traditionally believed to have taken place. The incident is one of the most infamous events associated with the Tower of London. Edward V's uncle Richard, Duke of Gloucester was declared Lord Protector while the princ... |
how exactly can gps have a margin of error of only a few inches, when the satellites are 13,000 miles away? | It's only inches/centimeters when you have augmentation systems.
[It's not quite that low, "normally"](_URL_1_)
So, like someone else said, the satellite knows where it is. Based on the time of signal transmission, the receiver (the GPS on your end) can find itself in a spherical distance.
[When you get a wide area ... | [
"Inconsistencies of atmospheric conditions affect the speed of the GPS signals as they pass through the Earth's atmosphere, especially the ionosphere. Correcting these errors is a significant challenge to improving GPS position accuracy. These effects are smallest when the satellite is directly overhead and become ... |
what is the difference between russia occupying crimea and the us occupying parts of the middle east | The Russians are trying to take Crimea and absorb it, which defies international laws. You can't just march your troops in to an area and throw down your flag and say, "this is mine now".
We were/are in Iraq and Afghanistan because they signed an agreement with us. Once that agreement expired with Iraq, we left. The s... | [
"After Russia moved to formally incorporate Crimea, some worried whether it may do the same in other regions. US deputy national security advisor Tony Blinken said that the Russian troops massed on the eastern Ukrainian border may be preparing to enter the country's eastern regions. Russian officials stated that Ru... |
how does an elevator get put in its "tube"? bonus points for telling me, how safe they are. | Oh my so many wrong answers here it hurts my eyes.
The elevator hoistway (shaft) is constructed by the general contractor. Its usually made out or concrete or wood, concrete the majority of the time. Once enough of the hoist way has been completed (ten floors on a 40story bldg, etc). We the elevator constructors show... | [
"This layout is usually reflected in the internal elevator zoning. Since nearly all elevators require machine rooms above the last floor they service, mechanical floors are often used to divide shafts that are stacked on top of each other to save space. A transfer level or skylobby is sometimes placed just below th... |
- why does watching a movie that is scary to you make you stop thinking rationally and believe that you are being watched, stalked and about to be murdered? | You're at a higher level of stress, you become more aware of your surroundings, begin entering into a fight or flight type of mindset and start down a spiral of paranoia and anxiety. Stress will make people do/think crazy things. | [
"There are many theories as to why people enjoy being scared. For example, \"[...] people who like horror films are more likely to score highly for openness to experience, a personality trait linked to intellect and imagination.\"\n",
"“The theme of the film is fear. It limits us and stops us from doing things an... |
When people are allergic to certain animals, what is it about the animals that the human body reacts badly to? | I know about this more in the context of plants than animals, but I believe the biochemistry is largely the same:
an allergic reaction is basically an immune response, just like you would have to an infection. your immune system recognizes specific contaminants through proteins called antibodies, which develop over ti... | [
"Symptoms of an allergic reaction to animals may include itchy skin, nasal congestion, itchy nose, sneezing, chronic sore throat or itchy throat, swollen, red, itchy, and watery eyes, coughing, asthma, or rash on the face or chest.\n",
"An allergic reaction can be caused by any form of direct contact with the all... |
What keeps light going when both its electric and magnetic fields are zero? | The electric and magnetic fields are mutually orthogonal waves that can be formulated from Maxwell's equations into wave equations. What the wave equation tells us is that the transverse acceleration is proportional to the curvature of the sinusoidal potential at some point (r,t). The curvature is the second derivative... | [
"If the electric field wanders by a smaller amount the light will be partially polarized so that at some angle, the polarizer will transmit more than half the intensity. If a wave is combined with an orthogonally polarized copy of itself delayed by less than the coherence time, partially polarized light is created.... |
Alright, /r/askscience, how possible are these predictions? *link inside | God I hate that website.
fastparticles and dangercollie have hit it on the head with how impossible it is to predict the future, and with that lies most of my anger towards that site, and "futurists" (read: spewers of unsubstantiated claims) in general.
But allow me to raise another point: that site claims "the timel... | [
"Three types of predictions can be made: probability predictions to binary questions that resolve as either 'yes' or 'no', numerical-range predictions, and date-range predictions. Users can contribute to the community prediction for any given question, leave comments and discuss prediction strategies with other use... |
if all the clocks in the world stopped for an unknown amount of time, how could we figure out what time it should be? | We would still have the sun and stars. For known locations, you can compute the time using a sextant. The current international agreement on precision time requires precise atomic clocks and computers, you'd have to get that back after the mysterious alien invasion (or whatever caused all the clocks in the world to s... | [
"In the 1930s, such precise time measurements simply weren't possible; a clock of the required accuracy was difficult enough to build in fixed form, let alone portable. A crystal oscillator, for instance, drifts about 1 to 2 seconds in a month, or 1.4x10 seconds an hour. This may sound small, but as light travels ,... |
Why do space ships enter the atmosphere at such a high speed? Would it be possible to "ride" a thruster straight down to the ground? | Give Kerbal Space Program a try, you will be surprised what you can learn about aerospace design principles just thru trial and error. | [
"After being towed to altitude, the crew would make a series of dives at different speeds. However, to be able to perform tests at higher speeds, the aircraft was also fitted with two Walter HWK-R II/203 rocket engines, delivering 750 kg of thrust each. They were installed in the fuselages with rocket nozzles under... |
why are note harmonies, specifically chords, "more pleasing" when at a higher pitch? | They really aren't, not as a rule. It can depend pretty heavily on what instrument or instruments are playing each voice of the chord. | [
"This dominant seventh chord is useful to composers because it contains both a major triad and the interval of a tritone. The major triad confers a very \"strong\" sound. The tritone is created by the co-occurrence of the third degree and seventh degree (e.g., in the G chord, the interval between B and F is a trito... |
Historically who was in charge of carrying out castrations? | No idea the answer to your question, but I just thought I'd mention that it isn't the case the eunuchs were necessarily held in high regard. In China specifically, being a eunuch was considered quite shameful, because one was no longer able to fulfill their Confucian duty of having children and fitting into the roles t... | [
"Castration as a means of subjugation, enslavement or other punishment has a very long history, dating back to ancient Sumer. In a Western context, eunuch singers are known to have existed from the early Byzantine Empire. In Constantinople around 400 AD, the empress Aelia Eudoxia had a eunuch choir-master, Brison, ... |
how do people take these amazing detailed pictures of the sky... | It will be a combination of good equipment and, in some cases, overlaying multiple photographs. That's how images of the night sky are generally created - multiple exposures layered to enhance detail and contrast in specific areas of the resulting image.
Often this can be done by taking two photos with different focal... | [
"Users may browse the sky in several surveys, including GALEX, DSS, and SDSS. In either mode, the user can access the name and a brief description of visible objects. This can be used to access more detailed information, including articles and different photo images.\n",
"Air-to-air photography is the art of phot... |
the physics behind luge. how do the athletes strategize? | "*Lie flat and try not to die.*"
-- Carmen Boyle (Olympic Luge Gold Medal winner - 1996) | [
"The sport of luge requires an athlete to balance mental and physical fitness. Physically, a luger must have strong neck, upper body, abdominal, and thigh muscles. Athletes also use Wind Tunnels to train Strength training is essential to withstand the extreme G-forces of tight turns at high speeds. Since lugers hav... |
would a passenger in a sub like deepsea challenger survive if it was in space? | remember in space material only needs to stand up to 1 atmosphere of pressure. That really isn't much 14.7 psi. Steel can easily withstand that. An astronaut would be able to apply more then 1 atm of pressure by poking a wall. | [
"Divers from the located what they believed to be the crew cabin on the ocean floor on March 7. A dive the following day confirmed that it was the cabin and that the remains of the crew were inside. No official investigation into the \"Challenger\" disaster has concluded for certain the cause of death of the astron... |
Is there a such number system where irrational numbers are the norm? | Yes, as tliff said, if you use an irrational number as the base of your number system, then lots of our irrational numbers have finite representations in that base. And all of our rational numbers only have infinite representations.
However, there does not exist a number system in which *all* irrational numbers have ... | [
"Since any irrational number can be expressed as the limit of a sequence of rational numbers, exponentiation of a positive real number \"b\" with an arbitrary real exponent \"x\" can be defined by continuity with the rule\n",
"If the initial condition is irrational (as almost all points in the unit interval are),... |
Where would you be around/in Jupiter if you were feeling 1g gravity? | If you were in orbit, you would be in freefall and would not experience 1g. You would be floating, just like people do in spacecraft in low Earth orbit.
To experience 1 g of Jovian gravity, you would have to be in a spacecraft that's hovering motionless 113,600 km from Jupiter's center, by thrusting away from Jupiter ... | [
"On 1 April 1976, Moore stated to radio listeners that an astronomical event would take place at 9:47 a.m. that day, a conjunction of Jupiter and Pluto, which was expected to have an effect observable everywhere. As Pluto passed behind Jupiter, it would briefly cause a powerful combination of the two planets' gravi... |
Dear Historians of Reddit, in your opinion what is the single most seemingly insignificant event which ended up having the most wide-spread consequences? | It's far from being the most important on a global scale, but it's one about which I often find myself thinking because of the people involved and the eventual consequences.
During the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, a young English officer was seriously injured just prior to being captured. With the gallantry for which ... | [
"Barro and subsequent economists have provided historical evidence to support this claim. Using this evidence, Barro shows that rare disasters occur frequently and in large magnitude, in economies around the world from a period from the mid-19th century to the present day.\n",
"The story takes place in 2012 in a ... |
What happened to Pablo Escobar's fortune after his death? | A lot of Escobar's assets were seized by the Colombian government. Some of them were turned into public attractions - like his private zoo Hacienda Nápoles which is now a themepark.
However, he invested a lot of his money in the people around him. He set up companies to give his friends jobs, worked on a lot of infra... | [
"Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria (, ; 1 December 19492 December 1993) was the best known Colombian drug lord by the time of his death. The magnitude of Escobar's wealth is a matter of dispute, with his family scoffing at the idea he was a billionaire; however, his financial resources enabled him to buy popularity and ... |
why is gay marriage still an issue in the 2016 election? what could a president do to reverse the supreme court's decision? | Nothing. But it's an issue because it motivates conservative voters. Even though the candidates can't do anything about it. | [
"When the Supreme Court took up the issue in 2015, Sanders issued a statement reaffirming his support, saying gay Americans in every state should be allowed to marry: \"Of course all citizens deserve equal rights. It's time for the Supreme Court to catch up to the American people and legalize gay marriage.\"\n",
... |
What does the age of the Earth mean? | That's when the first rocks on the Earth formed, and it's about the same time that the rest of the rocky material in the solar system formed. The individual atoms had been floating around for a while before that, but the age-dating of the Earth is aimed at when the planet's first rocks formed. | [
"The quoted age of Earth is derived, in part, from the Canyon Diablo meteorite for several important reasons and is built upon a modern understanding of cosmochemistry built up over decades of research.\n",
"The age of the Earth is one of the most polarizing issues within the evangelical Christian community today... |
why do police officers like donuts? | Most likely? Patrol Shifts.
While things have changed, until the 80s/90s when the stereotype REALLY exploded, pretty much the only things open past like, 7pm other than ultra-fancy-restaurants were donut shops and little diners.
So if you're patrolling evening or overnight, chances are your only options if you didn't... | [
"Originally, the donuts were sold exclusively via social media with a very limited number of orders being taken. These orders were delivered by means of a black Ford Expedition in randomly selected parking lots with cash as the only payment method.\n",
"In July 2017, two New York City police officers were refused... |
what's the modern use of thallium (ti) a chemical element not found widely in nature? | It's used as a detector, in the form of Thallium(I) bromide in X-ray, Gamma-ray, and infrared cameras, and Thallium(I) iodide is used in mercury arc lights to adjust the color and also in radiation detectors.
In general though, Thallium is really really toxic, so it's not popular and practically every application wher... | [
"When various maran procedures for different metals were reviewed, it was found that mercury is mainly used. The unique property of mercury to amalgamate with many metals must have been the reason behind its maximum use in the process of Bhasmikarana. Ancient practitioners might have found it as the most suitable c... |
How does the human body push out embedded bullets? Or any large foreign matter, in general? | It usually doesn't. Most of the time, a bullet or another foreign body gets surrounded by dense fibrotic tissue -- a scar, if you will, and stays there. In fact, since bullets are sterile, most of the time we don't go fishing for them during trauma surgery. If they are accessible or threatening nearby structures, then ... | [
"BULLET::::- Detoxification — bone tissues can also store heavy metals and other foreign elements, removing them from the blood and reducing their effects on other tissues. These can later be gradually released for excretion.\n",
"The degree of tissue disruption caused by a projectile is related to the cavitation... |
Why did scientists in the '60's think that Mars was covered in vegetation? | I had to dig a bit for that bit of historical trivia!
This is what I found:
[Sinton, W. M. (1959). Further evidence of vegetation on Mars. Lowell Observatory Bulletin, 4, 252-258.](_URL_1_)
[Sinton, W. M. (1957). Spectroscopic Evidence for Vegetation on Mars. The Astrophysical Journal, 126, 231.](_URL_0_)
[Schlumbe... | [
"Many areas of Mars change their shape and/or coloration. For many years, astronomers observing regular changes on Mars when the seasons changed, thought that what they saw was evidence of vegetation growing. After close-up inspection with a number of spacecraft, other causes were discovered. Basically, the changes... |
Why does a large dose of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine induce similar visual hallucinations in multiple users? | A general answer is because their brains are built in the same way in order the function in the same way, and are being altered by the same chemical.
Much in the same way that all CRTs experience the same effect when you bring a magnet towards them. | [
"Neuropsychiatric symptoms. The first line of defense in reducing visual hallucinations is to reduce the use of dopaminergic drugs, which can worsen hallucinations. Although it has been shown effective in Parkinson's disease, there is limited evidence for the use of clozapine to treat visual hallucinations in DLB, ... |
why is it that my iphone dies before it reaches 0% battery, it sometimes even dies at 20%? | If it dies at twenty most likely your battery is dying. | [
"\"The Next Web\"s Juan Buis wrote in late November 2016 that \"complaints are shared [on Apple's support forums] about various iPhone models turning off when the battery falls below a certain percentage\", and blames the iOS 10.1.1 update. He further wrote that \"the original post [on support forums] explains that... |
When was there last stability in the Middle East? | Considering that there was a war in Europe just not so long ago, I'm not sure what part of the planet would meet this criteria except for the poles.
But on the question of relative prosperity in the Mideast, take a look at what the UN says about Iran's development of living standards since their 1979 Islamic Revol... | [
"Five volumes surveying the history of the Middle East from the aftermath of World War I to the end of World War II. The series analyses the \"Parliamentarian\" 1920s and \"The Crisis of the 1930s\" focusing mainly on the dynamism of inter-generational tensions as a key to sociopolitical and ideological changes. In... |
why do we have to mix and master songs? | When you record an instrument, it will probably not sound as good as it could be. Depending of the setup, there might be background noise, the microphone might warp the tone, or it just won't "sound right". In the mastering phase, the sound is adjusted so that it will sound like it should be. As microphones are not hea... | [
"In the August 1991 Guitar World interview, May spoke about the mixing of song. \"For some reason, 'I Can't Live with You' was almost impossible to mix. It was one of those things where you put all the faders up and it sounds pretty good, and you think, 'We'll work on this for a couple of hours.' Then it gets worse... |
What are some good questions I could ask a veteran who worked on satellites during Vietnam (among other things) while I'm on holiday break? He doesn't have much longer to live and I'd like to be able to ask him some meaningful questions. | what kind of satellites - communication, imaging? for commercial or military use? what did he do? signal processing? image processing? over which country? what kind of orbit? what height? what type of information did he treat? any big scoops?
what did he do exactly - program, run software that was already wr... | [
"During his US Air Force career, he served as a wing commander, air division commander and senior staff officer with the Defense Nuclear Agency and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. He is a Command Pilot and Vietnam veteran, and logged over 8,000 hours in a variety of aircraft including the B-36, B-52, C-141 and C-47 ‘Goo... |
waves and conservation of energy | > Second, they taught us that a wave's energy is exponentially proportional to its height, so a wave of height 2x would have 4 times as much energy as a wave of height x.
Just to clarify, I think that you mean that it is quadratically proportional, in other words the energy is proportional to the height squared.
>... | [
"Note that in general the energy of the wave motion does not need to be conserved, since there can be an energy exchange with a mean flow. The total energy – the sum of the energies of the wave motion and the mean flow – is conserved (when there is no work by external forces and no energy dissipation).\n",
"Wave ... |
advantages/disadvantages of a space station ( i.e. iss) vs. lunar base (cost, difficulty/risk, scientific value...) | The moon is *very* far away. The ISS is close to us. It's longer to go from New York City to Pittsburgh than from Earth to the ISS. The moon is almost a thousand times further away. You could go around the earth ten times in the distance it takes to get to the moon. That means it's a lot easier to get to the ISS than t... | [
"Lunar outpost missions will present a greater challenge than shorter “sortie” missions, but with respect to the current risk topic they probably represent risks similar to those experienced on the ISS. Lunar gravity, although about 1/6 that of Earth gravity, is still more conducive to providing sufficient loading ... |
why is politics about being right or left and not on a issue by issue basis? | It provides a framework for reasoning around certain issues. People have general, overarching 'beliefs' - welfare state vs. small government, personal freedom vs. stricter control etc etc - and these big beliefs tend to manifest themselves in how people approach more specific issues.
You are right insofar as it would ... | [
"The left–right political spectrum is a system of classifying political positions, ideologies and parties, from equality on the left to social hierarchy on the right. Left-wing politics and right-wing politics are often presented as opposed, although a particular individual or group may take a left-wing stance on o... |
what's the significance of planck's constant? | Before Planck, it was thought that energy, frequency, all of those measurements were a smooth continuous spectrum. You could always add another decimal. You could emit something at 99.99999 hertz and also at 99.9999999999 hertz, etc.
Planck realized there's a problem here. He was looking at something called black b... | [
"The Planck constant (denoted , also called Planck's constant) is a physical constant that is the quantum of electromagnetic action, which relates the energy carried by a photon to its frequency. A photon's energy is equal to its frequency multiplied by the Planck constant. The Planck constant is of fundamental imp... |
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