Split (2)

train · 226k rows

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Book recommendation please: WWII / post war liberation	Fiction or non? There is a great non-fic book called Savage Continent that talks about the immediate aftermath. Then there is another non-fic book called Postwar by Tony Judt. Savage Continent is incredible. Havent read Postwar but Tony Judt is well regarded.	[ "Publication of The Liberation Trilogy began in 2002 with \"\", acclaimed by \"The Wall Street Journal\" as \"the best World War II battle narrative since Cornelius Ryan’s classics, \"The Longest Day\" and \"A Bridge Too Far\".\" While with the 101st Airborne Division south of Baghdad in April 2003, Atkinson learne...
how were international treaties enforced before the establishment of international organisations such as the UN, EU and the international court of justice?	Well, the simple answer is of course that in general they weren't 'enforced', at least not in the sense of being subject to some sort of supranational legal procedure. It's a bit more complicated than that, though. To a large extent this is more of an IR question than a history question, since you're basically askin...	[ "The United Nations Charter states that treaties must be registered with the UN to be invoked before it or enforced in its judiciary organ, the International Court of Justice. This was done to prevent the proliferation of secret treaties that occurred in the 19th and 20th century. Section 103 of the Charter also st...
Similar to how Christmas has pagan roots, Are there any traditions in Islam or Buddhism that pull from various regional traditions or customs?	While I can't speak for Islam in broad terms, I can speak a little bit about Buddhism. Even then though, I had to think about it at first, because the idea paganism exists in far more fluid terms in the places where Buddhism is prominent vs Christian and Muslim places. Buddhism is in many was a cultural and religious...	[ "While almost all Christians accept the practice today, Jehovah's Witnesses and some Sacred Name groups refrain from celebrating birthdays due to the custom's pagan origins, its connections to magic and superstitions. While Christmas is the celebration of Christ's Birth, some religious groups see it as being portra...
why is it possible for certain animals, particularly typical pets, to die from extreme stress?	stress has an inpact on the body functions and chemicals up to a point that it gets dangerous to the body functions. it is possible for almost all animals including humans to die from stress. the amount of stress needed might be different. in most cases it is a heart attack in humans.	[ "In animals, stress contributes to the initiation, growth, and metastasis of select tumors, but studies that try to link stress and cancer incidence in humans have had mixed results. This can be due to practical difficulties in designing and implementing adequate studies. Personal belief in stress as a risk factor ...
Are there Lagrangian points between the black hole in the middle of our galaxy and the sun/earth?	> So Langrangian points are points where gravitational forces of two things cancel themselves out, right? No, not right. They are points where the combined gravitational force of two things is just right so that a third thing can co-revolve with them. The total force isn't zero, it's equal to the centripetal force n...	[ "In astronomy, Lagrangian points are five positions in the orbital plane of two large orbiting bodies where a small object affected only by gravity can maintain a stable position relative to the two large bodies. The first three Lagrangian points (L, L, L) lie along the line connecting the two large bodies, while t...
differences in pain? (example: stab, sharp pain vs. punch pain?)	Part of it is the degree of pressure. A pinch stimulates nerves more accurately than a punch. A sting or stab is more centralized than a punch. If you were pinched at the same pressure as a punch, it would hurt more than a punch. Punches also aren't felt as deep. Think of scratching your skin. That doest hurt. If you ...	[ "BULLET::::- Back pain – is pain felt in the back. It is divided into neck pain (cervical), middle back pain (thoracic), lower back pain (lumbar) or coccydynia (tailbone or sacral pain) based on the segment affected. The lumbar area is the most common area for pain, as it supports most of the weight in the upper bo...
why do i stop being able to see properly for a brief period if i exercise vigorously?	I'd say this is more a question for your doctor rather than reddit.	[ "As a result of doing eyes exercise by massaging the acupoint, not only do our eyes have timely rest from daily work and academic assignments, but it also helps to accelerate the blood circulation and bring nutrition to nerve. Doing eye exercises regularly contributes to protection of eyesight and prevention of sho...
Is there any evidence of Roman gladiators from the same stable (or known to each other) making fight 'arrangements' in order to survive?	Follow-up (or addonial) question: Would it be actually common for gladiator fights to result in death of gladiator(s)? I'm aware that games could include basicaly execution (throwing prisoners sentenced to death to animals etc.), but I assume that properly trained gladiator would be rather expensive and, ethics aside, ...	[ "There were many different types of gladiators in ancient Rome. Some of the first gladiators had been prisoners-of-war, and so some of the earliest types of gladiators were experienced fighters; Gauls, Samnites, and \"Thraeces\" (Thracians) used their native weapons and armor. Different gladiator types specialized ...
Without hindsight was Stalin's reasoning for believing Hitler wouldn't invade reasonable?	In the books I've read I've never seen any opinion that Stalin's belief was in any way the result of a rational examination of the available evidence. From Mein Kampf, Stalin knew that Hitler intended to attack the Soviet Union. He also knew that Hitler had abrogated peace treaties in the past, indeed had helped Hitler...	[ "After further conversation regarding a Second Front in France, Stalin said that the British 'should not be so afraid of the Germans'. He went on to ask, 'Why were we [the British] so afraid of the Germans?' Churchill offered 1940 and the German failure to land troops as a comparable situation, saying that Hitler '...
why is it that some paintings are popular and others are not?	As far as technique is concerned you're somewhat correct as there is an overabundance of artists with the appropriate training/ability to paint/draw/sculpt a masterpiece. The difference between an artist on the street and a big name artist in modern times is less about skill and more about creativity/subject matter. Gr...	[ "One of the main reasons for the popularity of paintings was the fact that literacy is not required. As a result of this, the stories of Christianity and the messages that the clergy wish to share become more easily accessible to the masses that may or may not be literate. The Abbey of St John holds some of the mos...
What was the English view of Bacon's Rebellion of 1676 and did they know he wanted full independence from England?	Nathaniel Bacon never intended to declare independence from England. Despite attacking royal governor William Berkeley, Bacon and his group fully imagined themselves as Englishmen who just happened to live in Virginia. They knew that Virginia would fall prey to other colonial powers, the Dutch, the French, and the Span...	[ "Bacon then demanded a military commission but Berkeley refused. Bacon and his supporters surrounded the statehouse and threatened to start shooting the Burgesses if Berkeley did not acknowledge Bacon as \"General of all forces against the Indians\". Berkeley eventually acceded, and then left Jamestown. He attempte...
why did south korea and japan become so successful after world war 2, but the philippines didn’t?	The US poured most of its restoration efforts into Japan and SK to prevent them being under Communist Russia and to have a foothold in the East. The Philippines barely got any funding from the US relative to Japan and SK. Also, Filipinos don't know shit about nation building and are selfish as fuck. Source: I'm for...	[ "During World War II, immediately after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese forces invaded and quickly overcame resistance by the United States and Philippine Commonwealth military. Strategically, Japan needed the Philippines to prevent its use by Allied forces as a forward base of operations against the Japanese ...
why does using a pillow feel comfortable when it makes your head tilted?	It's about supporting the neck more than the angle of your head. Ideally, you want to keep the spine aligned while maintaining that neck support so that your muscles are not straining to try to provide that alignment. So you're basically letting the muscles in your neck and shoulders relax by using the pillow. That is ...	[ "Travel pillows provide support for the neck in a sitting position. Their \"U\" shape fits around the back of the neck and keeps the head from slipping into an uncomfortable and possibly harmful position during sleep. However, U-shaped pillows can sometimes force the head forward, creating neck stiffness.\n", "A ...
What makes paper fresh from the copier hot? Why don't inkjet printers produce the same amount of heat as copiers do?	Laser printers and photocopiers don't work under the same principle as an inkjet printer. When you make a photocopy, the first step is to give an electrostatic charge to a special cylinder. That cylinder is coated with a material that becomes conductive when exposed to light. When the document is being scanned, a stron...	[ "Most consumer inkjet printers, such as those made by Canon, HP, and Lexmark (but not Epson) use a thermal inkjet; inside each partition of the ink reservoir is a heating element with a tiny metal plate or resistor. In response to a signal given by the printer, a tiny current flows through the metal or resistor mak...
why do you continue to sweat from running (particularly in hot weather) after taking a cold shower?	A quick, cold shower will help cool the outside of your body, but you may still have an elevated internal body temperature. Once the internal temperature stabilizes back to a normal temperature, then you will stop sweating.	[ "Water left stagnant in the pipes of showers can be contaminated with pathogens that become airborne when the shower is turned on. If a shower has not been used for some time, it should be left to run at a hot temperature for a few minutes before use.\n", "In warm or humid weather or during heavy exertion, water ...
Why is is that some atoms with a higher atomic mass are less dense than those with less atomic mass?	The atoms themselves are not more dense, but the crystalline structures they naturally form may not be. Let's compare silicon and aluminum at room temperature. Silicon is the heavier atom, but aluminum forms a denser material at room temperature. For the purpose of crystal structure, you can think of the atoms as bein...	[ "The large majority of an atom's mass comes from the protons and neutrons that make it up. The total number of these particles (called \"nucleons\") in a given atom is called the mass number. It is a positive integer and dimensionless (instead of having dimension of mass), because it expresses a count. An example o...
what are islamic extremists actually trying to accomplish by violent attacks, like the one today in paris? don't these attacks just embolden the majority against the viewpoints of the attackers?	We can only speculate on their motives. They may simply want to lash out with violence due to anger or hurt regardless of its effectiveness. They may want to provoke an 'emboldened response' since such would likely embolden people on their own side, since a harsh response can create something of a recruitment drive for...	[ "A campaign of Islamist attacks occurred in France, beginning with the Île-de-France attacks on 7 January 2015, between the French Government and ongoing terrorist acts committed by jihadist terror groups like AQAP and ISIL, or isolated individuals who sympathise with the jihadist movement. Since 2015 and until Jul...
Why is the word 'Bosnian' left out of the 'Serbo-Croatian language' and the country 'Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes'?	Croatia and Serbia (also Croats and Serbs) existed since early middle ages, before becoming Christian and long before east-west schism. Bosniaks weren't considered separate ethnicity, like Macedonians, by others and weren't allowed to declare as separate people until after WW2. Bosniaks did exist in medieval Bosnia, b...	[ "Bosniaks speak the Bosnian language, a South Slavic language of the Western South Slavic subgroup. Standard Bosnian is considered a variety of \"Serbo-Croatian\", as mutually intelligible with the Croatian and Serbian languages (see Differences in standard Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian) which are all based on the ...
can bees sense any ''human-made'' signals such as bluetooth or wi-fi?	There does seem to be some suggestion that bees can detect (or at least are mildly affected by) radio waves. [This website](_URL_0_) compiles a large number of studies that have looked into effects of electromagnetic fields, and includes several studies on bees if you scroll down a bit. Some of these studies seem muc...	[ "Like almost all other bee species, \"X. nasalis\" communicates mainly by dancing, which can communicate information to nearby bees. Information can include the location of provisions, danger warnings, and mating rituals.\n", "Chemicals are often emitted from the bees via the cephalic labial gland, called pheromo...
How much do we actually know about gravity? Where are some holes in our knowledge?	Well first off, evolution and gravitation are both observations. Evolution the observation of changes in a population over time, and gravitation is the force of attraction objects with mass have. The theories are explanations for the observations. "Theory of evolution" is probably a shortened form of Darwin's theory ...	[ "However, there are no current practical outer space applications of artificial gravity for humans due to concerns about the size and cost of a spacecraft necessary to produce a useful centripetal force comparable to the gravitational field strength on Earth (g).\n", "Unfortunately, there are many other factors t...
Is it true that the VOC (Dutch East Indian Company) was the most valuable company ever?	Follow up question: The same but for the French Mississippi Company, worth 6 trillion dollars, which is even more ridiculous as Louisiana was empty at this time, it would be as if each French has on average 300 000$ of share of this company... Is it just an artificial value due to speculative bubble ?	[ "The Dutch East India Company was arguably the first megacorporation, possessing quasi-governmental powers, including the ability to wage war, imprison and execute convicts, negotiate treaties, coin money and establish colonies. Many economic and political historians consider the Dutch East India Company as the mos...
How can scientists detect binary systems of planets with no star?	The planets are about 3 times the mass of Jupiter each, and have a temperature around 1000 Kelvin. This makes them big enough, bright enough, and close enough that they can be detected with a state-of-the-art infrared telescope.	[ "A study of fourteen previously known planetary systems found three of these systems to be binary systems. All planets were found to be in S-type orbits around the primary star. In these three cases the secondary star was much dimmer than the primary and so was not previously detected. This discovery resulted in a ...
If the terminal velocity of an object is about 120mph, what would it be if the object was falling in an airless environment?	There is no such thing as terminal velocity in an airless environment. It doesn't matter what the terminal velocity of an object in air is, if there is no air for the object to interact with through friction, the object will keep accelerating as it falls until it hits a solid surface.	[ "Using the figure of 56 m/s for the terminal velocity of a human, one finds that after 10 seconds he will have fallen 348 metres and attained 94% of terminal velocity, and after 12 seconds he will have fallen 455 metres and will have attained 97% of terminal velocity. However, when the air density cannot be assumed...
why don't we say "an user" instead of "a user"?	We determine whether a word should be associated with "a" or "an" by its sound, not by its spelling. For example, "hour" starts with h but it's silent, so the word actually starts with a vowel sound. Utensil and user both start with consonant Y when pronounced edit: But, of course, lots of people say things like "an ...	[ "Some usability professionals have expressed their dislike of the term \"user\" and have proposed changing it. Don Norman stated that \"One of the horrible words we use is 'users'. I am on a crusade to get rid of the word 'users'. I would prefer to call them 'people'.\"\n", "In commerce, user experience (UX) refe...
why does radiation destroy human dna and make human life impossible but yet trees can survive and flourish?	The destruction of tree DNA isn't nearly as devastating to a tree as it is a human. The main danger of radiation is cancer. Don't get me wrong, trees do get cancer, but because they are much slower growing cancer doesn't affect them in nearly the same way. Trees also don't have a blood stream so cancer in a tree isn't ...	[ "Damage to DNA can be caused by exposure to radiation, chemicals, and other environmental sources, but mutations also accumulate naturally over time through uncorrected errors in DNA transcription, making age another risk factor. Oncoviruses can cause certain types of cancer, and genetics are also known to play a r...
why does nasa launch its rockets in florida which is prone to a lot of rain? why not launch in arizona where rain is rare and the skies are very clear	Crashing in the ocean > crashing in populated areas.	[ "One reason rockets are launched in Florida has to do with the Earth's rotation. The Earth rotates most quickly at the equator, and to take advantage of this, in adding to the orbital velocity of the rocket, it is most beneficial to launch from a southerly location (near the equator). In addition, to take advantage...
why can the sound volume of commercials on internet tv be double the actual show's volume?	The commercials are allowed to be as loud as the shows. That means if the show has a gunshot, or an explosion, or a big dramatic music swell, then the commercial is allowed to be as loud as that. Thing is, the loudest sound in the show lasts for a few seconds at most, whereas the volume in the commercial is as high a...	[ "Most television commercials are heavily compressed (typically to a dynamic range of no more than 3 dB) to achieve near-maximum perceived loudness while staying within permissible limits. This causes a problem that TV viewers often notice: when a station switches from minimally compressed program material to a heav...
How did Europe go from a backwater land in the medieval era(Compared to Asia) to one of the most thriving lands in the world by the end of the Renaissance and Industrial Era	I'd suggest that you start with Kenneth Pomeranz's The Great Divergence. It's a little old now, and the debate has moved on slightly, but it's seminal and an essential grounding for understanding where the debate is located. Essentially, he argues that the difference to which you are referring to is only visible aft...	[ "The salt highways of Europe were the navigable rivers, where by medieval times shipments of salt coming upstream passed rafts and log-trains of timber, which could only be shipped downstream. And even along Europe's coasts, once long-distance trade was revived in the 11th century, the hot and sunny south naturally...
what is derealization?	Derealization as a psychological phenomenon, independent of substances or medical issues, is usually a severe reaction to stress. It tends to be thought of as on the continuum of dissociation, with total post-trauma amnesia on the more severe end and “spacing out” on the the less severe end. It’s basically a mind’s way...	[ "Derealization (sometimes abbreviated as DR) is an alteration in the perception or experience of the external world so that it seems unreal. Other symptoms include feeling as though one's environment is lacking in spontaneity, emotional coloring, and depth. It is a dissociative symptom of many conditions.\n", "De...
how are teeth made and why can't your body make additional ones?	Simply put, we don't have the biological process developed for this to take place. This would be an extremely complicated process, even compared to everything else already in your body. Your body would have to be able to recognize when its missing actual macro-parts of itself and build it and grow it like it does from ...	[ "A tooth (plural teeth) is a hard, calcified structure found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates and used to break down food. Some animals, particularly carnivores, also use teeth for hunting or for defensive purposes. The roots of teeth are covered by gums. Teeth are not made of bone, but rather of multipl...
how the heck do keurig's actually work?	They punch holes in the top and bottom of the capsule, and run hot water through it. Ahoy, matey! Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [How Does a Keurig Work? \| The Coffee Whisperer ](_URL_0_) 1. [Inside the Keurig Vue V700, a Single-Serve Coffee Maker - Graphic - _URL_3_ ](_URL_4_) 1. [JUS...	[ "Keurig () is a beverage brewing system for home and commercial use. It is manufactured by the American company Keurig Dr Pepper via its east-coast headquarters in Burlington, Massachusetts. The main Keurig products are: K-Cup pods, which are single-serve coffee containers; other beverage pods; and the proprietary ...
why does the surface of a stirred liquid calm before the rest of it?	Well, water is sticky stuff. However its 'stickiness' is a factor of surface tension. Water wets glass, which means that it sticks to glass more than it sticks to itself. Where the glass meets the water at the bottom of the glass, there's no surface, and one particle of water is as likely to press up against the gla...	[ "Since a liquid with a high surface tension pulls more strongly on the surrounding liquid than one with a low surface tension, the presence of a gradient in surface tension will naturally cause the liquid to flow away from regions of low surface tension. The surface tension gradient can be caused by concentration g...
if i donate blood while high off marijuana, will the same chemicals that are making me high (thc,cbn,cbc,cbd) make the recipient high when they receive the blood?	I give blood high all the time and I asked to make sure it's okay and the nurse said it was fine and that whoever would be receiving my blood would just feel a little happier haha.	[ "Among the most common effects of this drug is increased blood cholesterol levels. Other changes in blood chemistry such as hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, and an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) can occur.\n", "Still, the blood values are approximately equal between the arterial and venous sides...
Scope and use of different tactics in the First World War	> what exactly were the tactics used in areas where fighting was more mobile? On the Eastern Front, infantry tactics in the beginning were based off pre-war training and ideas; the German infantry utilized fire rushes, while Russian infantry were trained to entrench and use cover wherever they dug-in. By 1916-17, th...	[ "These tactics emerged gradually during World War I. Several nations modified their existing tactics in ways that supported ideas that were later called infiltration tactics, with the German developments having the most impact, both during the war and afterwards.\n", "This military tactic takes continuous trainin...
what causes the fishy smell in clean dishes?	Uhmm...have you ever cleaned them properly using piping hot water? That only ever happens if you don't clean dishes and such like properly as bacteria can fester in the water. Either that, or your water supply in the area is severely contaminated.	[ "Some time after leaving the body, urine may acquire a strong \"fish-like\" odor because of contamination with bacteria that break down urea into ammonia. This odor is not present in fresh urine of healthy individuals; its presence may be a sign of a urinary tract infection.\n", "During the production of surström...
the poincare conjecture.	I’ll give this a try, but I’m not an expert, there might be inaccuracies: The Poincare conjecture is about topology. That is, the study of properties which remain true when you deform an object. Imagine a flat map of a country. The earth has a curvature, which has been flattened. So there’s a deformation in the map...	[ "In mathematics, the Poincaré conjecture is a theorem about the characterization of the 3-sphere, which is the hypersphere that bounds the unit ball in four-dimensional space. The conjecture states: An equivalent form of the conjecture involves a coarser form of equivalence than homeomorphism called homotopy equiva...
What regulations were there for firearms in the early United States?	So I am going to share a link to past questions I answered on this subject because that'll make the most sense, [which you can find here](_URL_0_). Essentially, there wasn't any widespread laws to govern firearms or firearm safety during this period in early American history (1776 - 1803). At the time, the gentry was ...	[ "The first Federal legislation related to firearms was the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution ratified in 1791. For 143 years, this was the only major Federal legislation regarding firearms. The next Federal firearm legislation was the National Firearms Act of 1934, which created regulations for the...
Is it true that there was an unspoken rule amongst WWII pilots that said you shouldn't shoot at soldiers in parachutes while in the air?	It depends on when and where in the war you're talking about. Generally, there was some sort of unspoken rule, although it was definitely broken at times. Many airmen talked about letting themselves fall as far down as possible before deploying a parachute for fear of being shot while drifting down. The Polish squadron...	[ "Still, both German and American pilots did shoot enemy airmen in their parachutes, albeit infrequently. Richard \"Bud\" Peterson, a P-51 pilot with the 357th Fighter Group, based in Leiston, agreed that \"normally, \"nobody\", including the Germans, would be shooting anybody in a parachute. It just wasn't done. I ...
why is whatsapp so popular?	What others have said here are accurate but also WhatsApp is quite popular for two other reasons, particularly in developing countries: It's available on every smart device out there, even on older Nokia and Blackberry smartphones. If you have a smartphone, no matter the year it was made, chances are WhatsApp can be ...	[ "WhatsApp, created in 2009, is a platform that allows users to communicate via text and voice message, video chatting, and document sharing for free. WhatsApp was acquired by Facebook in 2014, but the brand continues to be promote as a secure and reliable form of communication. The app can be downloaded and used on...
when being drunk, is there a psychological factor involved?	'Expectancy' of intoxication can affect how you behave when drinking alcohol. People's behaviour may change after the very first sip of a drink, long before it has actually started to have a physiological effect, and 'placebo alcohol' (where someone thinks that they're drinking but isn't) can produce up to [a third of ...	[ "Subjective response to alcohol (SR) refers to an individual's unique experience of the pharmacological effects of alcohol and is a putative risk factor for the development of alcohol use disorder. Subjective effects include both stimulating experiences typically occurring during the beginning of a drinking episode...
Berbers ancient to Ireland?	18th century antiquarians like Charles Vallancey speculated that Irish civilization was founded by Phoenician seafarers, and attempted to prove this using what we would call today linguistic arguments. While largely discredited, it is possible that Carthaginian explorers based in present-day Morocco sailed north on voy...	[ "The native \"Berbers\" of North Africa were among the many peoples called \"Barbarian\" by the early Romans. The term continued to be used by medieval Arabs (see Berber etymology) before being replaced by \"Amazigh\". In English, the term \"Berber\" continues to be used as an exonym. The geographical term Barbary ...
places like norway and iceland seem to have few to no trees, yet i've seen old dwellings and other ancient structures built out of wood. we're there forests at one time?	Correct. [Source](_URL_0_) *At the time of human settlement about 1140 years ago, birch forest and woodland covered 25-40% of Iceland's land area. The relatively tall (to 15 m) birch forests of sheltered valleys graded to birch and willow scrub toward the coast, on exposed sites and in wetland areas and to willow tun...	[ "30% of Iceland was forested when it was settled, mostly with birch. Oak was the preferred timber for building Norse halls in Scandinavia, but native birch had to serve as the primary framing material on the remote island. However, Iceland did have a large amount of turf that was suitable for construction. Some str...
- utilitarianism	Utilitarianism is basically the principle that the best course of action in any given situation is the one which maximizes the overall well being or good of the most people. There are other types but pretty much its just the greatest good for the most people is rational	[ "Utilitarianism (from the Latin utilis, useful) is a theory of ethics that prescribes the quantitative maximization of good consequences for a population. It is a form of consequentialism. This good to be maximized is usually happiness, pleasure, or preference satisfaction. Though some utilitarian theories might se...
why do police helicopters circle instead of hover?	Because it gives them a constant overview. If they hover they only have one vantage point. If the cops wanted a stationary observer they could just send a man onto a building.	[ "Police departments and other law enforcement agencies use helicopters to pursue suspects. Since helicopters can achieve a unique aerial view, they are often used in conjunction with police on the ground to report on suspects' locations and movements. They are often mounted with lighting and heat-sensing equipment ...
how did old hand-drawn animation achieve such consistent color?	Speed and skill. Each pencil drawing by an animator was traced in ink on to a transparent sheet. Once the ink dried it was sent to painting where the paint was applied to the BACK of the transparent film. Each section of color had to be completed quickly while the paint was still very wet so it would show no brushstrok...	[ "Ub Iwerks adapted xerography to eliminate the hand-inking stage in the animation process by printing the animator's drawings directly to the cels. The first animated feature film to use this process was \"One Hundred and One Dalmatians\" (1961), although the technique was already tested in \"Sleeping Beauty\", rel...
if stars we see now could actually by "burnt out" due to the traveling of light, will the major constellations (i.e. the big dipper) ever disappear?	Yes. Millions or Billions of years for most stars.	[ "During 2009, a bright star within the galaxy NGC 6946 flared up over several months to become over one million times as bright as the Sun. Shortly thereafter it appeared to vanish. New observations with the Hubble Space Telescope strongly suggest that the star did not survive, although a faint trickle of infrared ...
how do transistors in a cpu work together?	First we'll need a reference image. [This is how transistors are arranged in a NAND gate](_URL_1_) The top two transistors are ON normally and turn OFF when A or B goes high. The bottom two transistors are OFF normally and turn ON when A or B goes high. If both are low then Out is connected to Vdd and Out is high. ...	[ "All transistor types can be used as the building blocks of logic gates, which are fundamental in the design of digital circuits. In digital circuits like microprocessors, transistors act as on-off switches; in the MOSFET, for instance, the voltage applied to the gate determines whether the switch is on or off.\n",...
How did Soviet military power at its height compare to the U.S. during the same period? Where they relatively equal, or was there some advantage to one side, militarily speaking?	I think this breaks down into two questions: a) when was the soviet military at it's height b) how did it compare with the US at the same time, or at the time of greatest soviet advantage. [This thread](_URL_1_) summarizes the discussion ; Essentially you may have to split military power according to conventional for...	[ "World War II also saw the United States become by far the largest Naval power in the world. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the United States Navy possessed over 70% of the world's total numbers and total tonnage of naval vessels of 1,000 tons or greater. Throughout the rest of the 20th century, the Uni...
what does "cogito ergo sum" mean? and what is the importance of this statement?	I think therefore I am. The importance of it is that, while all other knowledge can be doubted, because we are inherently limited by our senses, being able to doubt yourself seems to prove that you exist by the very act of doing it. For instance, I cannot absolutely prove that you exist. You could be a figment of m...	[ "The phrase \"cogito, ergo sum\" is not used in Descartes's \"Meditations on First Philosophy\" but the term \"the \"cogito\"\" is used to refer to an argument from it. In the \"Meditations\", Descartes phrases the conclusion of the argument as \"that the proposition, \"I am, I exist,\" is necessarily true whenever...
How did North Africa and the Middle East become so thoroughly Arabized.	This question is made difficult by the lack of consistency in what "Arab" has signified throughout history. The same can be said for "Turk", as during most of the Ottoman empire "Turk" referred to an Anatolian farmer. But as the article say, Arab identity relies heavily on lingustics. Turkish was never really imposed o...	[ "Before the eleventh century, most of North-West Africa was a Berber-speaking Muslim area. The process of Arabization only became a major factor with the arrival of the Banu Hilal, a tribe sent by the Fatimids of Egypt to punish the Berber Zirid dynasty for having abandoned Shiism. The Banu Hilal reduced the Zirids...
why there are rainforests along australia's east coast but not the west?	The mountain range running the length of the east coast (the Great Dividing Range) causes moist air that's coming off the ocean to rise (called orographic uplift), when it rises it cools, condenses, and comes down as rain, allowing forests to exist. At least to the seaward side of that range. The west of the range, eve...	[ "Most of Western Australia has a hot arid and semi-arid climate. However, the south-west corner of the state has a Mediterranean climate. The area was originally heavily forested, including large stands of the karri, one of the world's tallest trees. This agricultural region of Western Australia is in the top nine ...
Searching for a historical figure	Could it be Robert Owen? He was manager and part-owner of the New Lanark mill in Scotland, and among other things he paid employees in currency instead of tokens (as was customary), pressed for ten and later eight hour workdays, etc. He's a pretty seminal figure in pre-Marxist socialism.	[ "Historical figure is a person who lived in the past and whose deeds exerted a significant impact on other people’s lives and consciousness. These figures are attributed with certain features that are a compilation of the actual values they proclaimed and the manner they were perceived by others. This perception ev...
How exactly were armour and weapons (that we associate with being) used by samurai suited to their way of waging warfare? What would make European plate armour less useful in Japan than in Europe?	First, a summary and timeline of Japanese arms and armour, and warfare: 1. Ancient period (until approximately AD900): Armies depended on infantry, often armoured, equipped with polearms (primarily spears) or sword (short, often double-edged, straight) and shield. Soldiers could be full-time professionals, or peas...	[ "In the 16th century, Japan began trading with Europe during what would become known as the Nanban trade. Samurai acquired European armour including the \"cuirass\" (torso armor) and \"comb morion\" (crested helmet), which they modified and combined with domestic armour, as it provided better protection from the ne...
why do restaurants need to do 2 trips with my check? why can't they just give me the check with the tip line in the first place?	LPT: If you hand the server your credit card as you ask for the check, then there will only need to be one trip.	[ "Table reservations are also a handy tool in competitive markets since it makes it possible for restaurants to “steal” some market share from its competition. This occurs when clients are not able to get a reservation at their “first choice” restaurant and they decide to go to their “second choice” restaurant, wher...
what's the subconscious drive that gets you motivated to do something your conscious brain doesn't want to do?	Humans have an instinct side, this decisions are made without our "permissions" and it represents what our reptilian side of the brain does. The reptilian side of our brain represents our primary survival function. Your heart, lungs and other parts of the body survive thanks to this. This is the primitive side of the ...	[ "Other neurological research is documenting how much the unconscious mind is involved in decision making. According to cognitive neuroscientists, we are conscious of only about 5 percent of our cognitive activity, so most of our decisions, actions, emotions, and behavior depends on the 95 percent of brain activity ...
how does the shape of an airplane's wings generate lift? and how does the retractable wing flaps affect that?	The shape of the wing when viewed from the side is called an aerofoil. As the aerofoil moves, the wind / air splits into 2 streams. The air passing above the aerofoil generates higher velocity (speed in simpler terms). Whereas the air velocity below the wing is low. Without going into the intricate details of fluid ...	[ "For a wing to produce \"lift\", it must be oriented at a suitable angle of attack relative to the flow of air past the wing. When this occurs the wing deflects the airflow downwards, \"turning\" the air as it passes the wing. Since the wing exerts a force on the air to change its direction, the air must exert a fo...
Christmas tree candles??	A few considerations: The candles probably weren’t left lit all the time, since candles were expensive. The tree was probably very fresh, and cut locally rather than being shipped in. Also, Christmas Day was the beginning of the season, not the culmination (as it is now, where the beginning of the season is Black Frid...	[ "The Christmas tree was adopted in upper-class homes in 18th-century Germany, where it was occasionally decorated with candles, which at the time was a comparatively expensive light source. Candles for the tree were glued with melted wax to a tree branch or attached by pins. Around 1890, candleholders were first us...
Can people die from a highly oxygenated environment?	Let me first give you the stupid answer: yes you can die because if your environment is really « oxygenated enough », you are stuck in a high pressure block of solid oxygen and cannot move or breathe, and you’re also probably crushed. I have the feeling this is not what your question meant, and if we stick to conditio...	[ "Before the enormous increase in atmospheric oxygen, almost all existing lifeforms were anaerobic, i.e., their metabolism was based upon a form of cellular respiration that did not require oxygen. Indeed, free oxygen in large amounts is toxic to most anaerobic organisms. Consequently, the majority of the anaerobic ...
is it possible to see the iss from earth?	Yes, often without binoculars. On a clear evening, far from the city, with a cheap pair of binoculars you can make out the solar panels on the side. [NASA webpage providing estimated viewing times](_URL_0_)	[ "The National Lab also has unique remote sensing capabilities. The orbital path of the ISS travels over the regions of Earth that contain more than 90 percent of the Earth's population, giving scientists a unique view of our planet. In addition to the view, the ISS also provides better spatial resolution and variab...
emps	EMP stands for electromagnetic pulse. It is a sudden massive burst of energy, which can be created through multiple natural and artificial processes. The main way EMPs cause damage is a huge current flowing through electronics, which will destroy capacitors, resistors, diodes, wiring and circuit boards. The magnetic f...	[ "While EMP often is assumed to be a characteristic of nuclear weapons alone, such is not the case. Several open-literature techniques, requiring only conventional explosives, or, in the case of high power microwave, a large electrical power supply, perhaps one-shot as with capacitors, can generate a significant EMP...
since there is a nautical mile, is there also a nautical feet, inch, etc?	There are no nautical feet, yards, etc. A nautical mile is one minute (1/60 of a degree) of latitude. Using nautical miles makes it easier to find distances on charts that use the latitude/longitude grid. That being said, sailors will use a unit for navigation called a cable, which is 1/10 of a nautical mile. For...	[ "In the United States, the nautical mile was defined in the 19th century as 6,080.2 feet (1,853.249 m), whereas in the United Kingdom, the \"Admiralty nautical mile\" was defined as 6,080 feet (1,853.184 m) and was about one minute of latitude in the latitudes of the south of the UK. Other nations had different def...
Why were the innovations on the HMS Dreadnought not thought of earlier?	They were thought of earlier, or arguably, at almost exactly the same time: - The Japanese began construction of the Satsuma in May 1905, several months before HMS Dreadnought. She was a "semi-dreadnought", incorporating and all big-gun armament of mixed 12in and 10in guns (although originally designed with an all-1...	[ "The pre-dreadnought design reached maturity in 1895 with the . These ships were built and armoured entirely of steel, and their guns were mounted in fully enclosed barbettes, inevitably referred to as \"turrets\". They also adopted a main gun, which, due to advances in casting and propellant, was lighter and more ...
How many of those living in the Roman Empire/ Rome itself, were actually citizens.	Interesting question! And the answer is that 1) we can never really know and 2) it changes drastically over time. The definition of citizen changed multiple times over the course of both the republic and imperial Rome. The point of greatest change came in 212 with the Constitutio Antoniniana in which Caracalla decree...	[ "Before 212 the majority of Roman citizens had been inhabitants of Roman Italia, with about 4–7% of all peoples in the Roman Empire being Roman citizens at the time of the death of Augustus in 14AD. Outside Rome, citizenship was restricted to Roman coloniaeRomans, or their descendants, living in the provinces, the ...
What is happening during a 'sleep high'? Why is everything so funny?	[Relevant study.](_URL_0_) Apparently a lack of sleep stimulates pleasure centers of the brain after a while. (NB: being "sleepy" isn't exactly like being sleep deprived, but I'm on mobile and can't look for better sources at the moment.) EDIT: looks like mine is the only relevant comment in the thread several hours ...	[ "Hypopnea during sleep is classed as a sleep disorder. With moderate to severe hypopnea, sleep is disturbed such that patients may get a full night's sleep but still not feel rested because they did not get the right kind of sleep. The disruption in breathing causes a drop in blood oxygen level, which may in turn d...
How deep into the ocean will the impacts of a hurricane be felt?	Three times the effective wave height. The magnitude of water movement underneath a wave tails of quite rapidly with depth. Once you are about three times the wave height (trough to crest) below the surface, the movement is barely noticeable. "Effective wave height" is the average height of the biggest third of all w...	[ "Despite the storm's severity, it was neither the costliest nor the strongest to affect the northeastern United States. It was weakening as it made its closest approach to land, and the highest tides occurred during the neap tide, which is the time when tide ranges are minimal. The worst of the storm effects stayed...
how hindu religon / gods works	Do [these previous discussions](_URL_0_) help?	[ "Naraka in Hinduism serves only as a temporary purgatory where the soul is purified of sin by its suffering. In Hindu mythology, Naraka holds many hells, and Yama directs departed souls to the appropriate one. Even elevated Mukti-yogyas and Nitya-samsarins can experience Naraka for expiation of sins.\n", "Edelman...
How does blending fruit/veg change nutrient content and uptake by the body?	Well, solid food remain in the stomac for a while before the pyloric sphincter release, and it does when the solid material have dissovled / liquified enough. Then the stomac content can escape through the duodenum and the small intestine where the majority of the glucose is absorbed (a small fraction is absorbed in th...	[ "The controlled addition of the nutrient directly affects the growth rate of the culture and helps to avoid overflow metabolism (formation of side metabolites, such as acetate for \"Escherichia coli\", lactic acid in mammalian cell cultures, ethanol in \"Saccharomyces cerevisiae\"), oxygen limitation (anaerobiosis)...
if it takes lawyers 3 years to learn the law, how can we trust a cop to learn it in 6 months?	Cops don't need to know the bankruptcy code, or contract law, or probate law, etc. The part of the law they're generally concerned with is much smaller. And they don't need to be experts - anything they do is generally useless in the long term if the DA (a "real" lawyer) isn't willing to prosecute you. There is a pr...	[ "Canadian lawyers must article for a period of 1 year after graduating from law school. Depending on the province, students may also be required to pass a bar exam in the form of Professional Legal Training and Certification during their articling year.\n", "The Bar Association requires a minimum of two years of ...
how does the koenigsegg gearless transmission work?	Basically its not a transmission at all... the engine is linked directly to the wheels through a differential type unit. Meaning that the ratio of engine speed to wheel speed never changes. Normally this won't work with gas motors because they make such little torque at low rpms that the either cant accelerate or cant ...	[ "Like other transmissions, a manual transmission has several shafts with various gears and other components attached to them. Typically, a rear-wheel-drive transmission has three shafts: an input shaft, a \"countershaft\" and an output shaft. The countershaft is sometimes called a \"layshaft\".\n", "The simplest ...
Can custom proteins be manufactured?	The technique we use to make novel proteins has been around for decades. See [site-directed mutagenesis](_URL_1_), a common technique in deciphering enzyme mechanisms. Basically, you introduce a desired mutation to the DNA sequence that codes for the protein - say, changing a serine into an alanine - and have your bact...	[ "\"Proteins\" are “very high-molecular-weight” (MW 100,000) organic compounds, consisting of amino acid sequences linked by peptide bonds. They are essential to the structure and function of all living cells and viruses and are among the most actively studied molecules in biochemistry. They can be made only by adv...
Can race be determined by bones alone?	The anatomy of the skull can be used to determine race with a decent degree of accuracy, certainly enough to make the claim that a set of remains "probably" belongs to a member of one race or another. It's a major part of the field of forensic anthropology, along with determinations of things like age and sex.	[ "Sesardic argues that when several traits are analyzed at the same time, forensic anthropologists can classify a person's race with an accuracy of close to 100% based on only skeletal remains. Sesardic's claim has been disputed by Massimo Pigliucci, who accused Sesardic of \"cherry pick[ing] the scientific evidence...
when did people start listening to music/radio in their cars.	Not so much a question of being available, but being practical. The earlier radios were big, required a lot of electricity, and were not loud enough to be able to be heard while driving. There was also a problem with radios picking up the ignition noise. [Here](_URL_1_) is an example of why radios didn't work so wel...	[ "From August 1975 until early 1977, WEZE tried \"The Wonderful World Of Music\" again (which was often branded \"The Easiest Sound In Town\" in newspaper ads, billboards, and television commercials). Since FM radios still weren't widespread in automobiles, station management hoped that people who would listen to ea...
Can the human eye detect a Gamma Ray Burst from a near distance? Or are Gamma Rays frequency too high?	Human eye can only see things between ultra violet and infra red. That's why they are called such things. The lowest frequency we can see is red, and the highest we can see is violet. Anything beyond those are not in our visible range. Gamma Rays have frequencies much higher than violet visible light.	[ "BULLET::::- The BATSE instrument averaged one gamma ray burst event detection per day for a total of approximately 2700 detections. It definitively showed that the majority of gamma-ray bursts must originate in distant galaxies, not nearby in our own Milky Way, and therefore must be enormously energetic.\n", "Me...
when astronauts play with liquids in space aren't they worried about water damage to parts from all the floating liquid?	They have machines that filter the moisture from the air which then gets filtered and recycled for reuse.	[ "The effects of alcohol on human physiology in microgravity have not been researched, though because medications can differ in their effects NASA expects that the effects of alcohol will also differ. Beer and other carbonated drinks are not suitable for spaceflight as the bubbles cause 'wet burps'; a foamy head can...
software patents and why they are "evil"	A computer program is a series of instructions, like a recipe. Suppose you're making dinner, and decide to mix certain spices together in a bowl then toast them in a pan. It turns out well, so you publish it as part of a recipe. Then someone comes along and sues you, saying they invented the idea of mixing those sp...	[ "Software patents, like other types of patents, are theoretically supposed to give an inventor an exclusive, time-limited license for a \"detailed idea (e.g. an algorithm) on how to implement\" a piece of software, or a component of a piece of software. Ideas for useful things that software could \"do\", and user \...
Why do we see citizens who support the Confederacy in the US even today, and why are they not considered traitors?	I think it goes more along the lines of freedom of speech. neo nazis in america are allowed to hold parades and such things in america because they are protected by the constitution. as long as they are not violent, they are left alone. Same thing applies for confederate supporters.	[ "Historian Frank Lawrence Owsley argued that the Confederacy \"died of states' rights\". The central government was denied requisitioned soldiers and money by governors and state legislatures because they feared that Richmond would encroach on the rights of the states. Georgia's governor Joseph Brown warned of a se...
what are the most likely effects of this super powerful el nino season?	I remember in the 90's being in California and having a powerful El Niño taking us from a 10 year drought to "normal" in a month (it was referred to as March Miracle). There's a lot that could happen or could not happen.While we know it will generate more precipitation, where that lands is going to vary. Also in st...	[ "Because El Niño's warm pool feeds thunderstorms above, it creates increased rainfall across the east-central and eastern Pacific Ocean, including several portions of the South American west coast. The effects of El Niño in South America are direct and stronger than in North America. An El Niño is associated with w...
Is it true that our solar system moves at speed of 70,000km/h?	Move relative to what? An important part of physics, classical or modern, is that there is no absolute rest frame. That is you can't say an object is moving at X kilometres per hour because it isn't obvious what we mean by that. On earth it sort of is, we mean it relative to the earth. And that is a good reference beca...	[ "The speed of the star around the system's center of mass is much smaller than that of the planet, because the radius of its orbit around the center of mass is so small. (For example, the Sun moves by about 13 m/s due to Jupiter, but only about 9 cm/s due to Earth). However, velocity variations down to 3 m/s or eve...
how can babies scream for a long time and not hurt their vocal cords but adults can easily hurt themselves when they cream for a few minutes?	When adults do what now?	[ "During attacks in infants, the child often looks startled or terrified and can scream inconsolably. These attacks can be precipitated by injections, defecation, wiping of the perineum, eating, or the consumption of oral medication. When attacks occur due to such precipitation, pain and flushing are often present i...
why is it so satisfying to peel something?	I'd assume that it triggers a smaller version of the dopamine rush we get when we get something new.	[ "Peel, also known as rind or skin, is the outer protective layer of a fruit or vegetable which can be peeled off. The rind is usually the botanical exocarp, but the term exocarp also includes the hard cases of nuts, which are not named peels since they are not peeled off by hand or peeler, but rather shells because...
What's the oldest historical event that we have mythology about?	Hi there. While you are waiting for a more comprehensive answer, you might want to take a look at [this discussion](_URL_0_) about this very topic from a few years ago. The consensus seems to be (and this agrees with what I know), that Australian Aboriginal oral histories likely record major climatic and geological e...	[ "The oldest known version of the legend is Aldhelm's \"De laudibus virginitatis\", addressed to Abbess Hildelitha of Barking Abbey, Essex. Kirsten Wolf characterizes it as one of several legends invented in the fourth and fifth centuries to provide a story to go with a name on one of the various liturgical calendar...
What's the most distant possible orbital path for something orbiting Earth?	Not my area, but I think you're asking about the size of the Earth's [Hill sphere](_URL_1_). The Earth's is about [1.5 million km](_URL_0_) in radius -- or around 4 times larger than the Moon's orbit. edit: "it appears that stable satellite orbits exist only inside 1/2 to 1/3 of the Hill radius"	[ "Other types of orbit in a 1:1 resonance with the planet include horseshoe orbits and tadpole orbits around the Lagrangian points, but objects in these orbits do not stay near the planet's longitude over many revolutions about the star. Objects in horseshoe orbits are known to sometimes periodically transfer to a r...
Is there a factual, un-ideological and un-biased primary source covering the history of all (or mostly all) communist governments?	This isn't exactly the answer you are looking for, but unfortunately, I do not think such a text exists, nor could it exist. Communism is an inherently political subject, and there is no way to have an "unbiased" history of it. Moreover, even books like the Rise and Fall of the Third Reich have biases; it would be mo...	[ "In addition to this the party publishes many miscellaneous pamphlets under its own name. The \"Classics of Communism\" series are reprints of classic works such as \"The Communist Manifesto\" or \"\". The \"Our History\" series aims to re-tell 'history from below' and covers historical events from a working class ...
why do theists often deny evolution? what religious beliefs does evolution disprove?	Evolution throws some serious doubt to the Adam and Eve story. Specifically the compelling DNA evidence that mitochondrial eve and the last common male ancestor did not live at the same time. Without a literal Adam and Eve, there is no original sin. Without original sin, no reason for Jesus to sacrifice himself, whic...	[ "The argument that evolution is religious has been rejected in general on the grounds that \"religion\" is not defined by how dogmatic or zealous its adherents are, but by its spiritual or supernatural beliefs. Evolutionary supporters point out evolution is neither dogmatic nor based on faith, and they accuse creat...
A spaceship travels from earth at near speed of light and is transmitting a short message back to earth every 10 minutes. After one year of travel the signal has to travel a year to get to earth but will it still arrive every 10 minutes? My head aches thinking about this.	It will be subject to a [relativistic Doppler effect](_URL_0_), so its frequency will be lower than 1/10 min. You also have to specify whether you mean 10 min in the ship's frame or the earth's frame. If the ship is traveling with a constant relative velocity, the frequency will be constant. The distance to earth at th...	[ "For example, a spaceship could travel to a star 32 light-years away, initially accelerating at a constant 1.03g (i.e. 10.1 m/s) for 1.32 years (ship time), then stopping its engines and coasting for the next 17.3 years (ship time) at a constant speed, then decelerating again for 1.32 ship-years, and coming to a st...
Do proteins dissolve in water?	It is not true that all proteins are soluble in water. Proteins are typical macro-molecules having a large range of solvents in which they dissolve including water. The property of solubility of different proteins is governed by their three-dimensional folded structures. Many proteins have exposed polar groups with li...	[ "After protein folding in aqueous solution, hydrophobic amino acids usually form protected hydrophobic areas while hydrophilic amino acids interact with the molecules of solvation and allow proteins to form hydrogen bonds with the surrounding water molecules. If enough of the protein surface is hydrophilic, the pro...
Why is there still such a sizeble italian minority in the US despite ww2?	It did. Assimilation occurred on a wide scale, and it continues today, often though gentrification. And Italians were placed in internment camps, as were Germans. Neither were on as large a scale though, as the US’s main adversary and concern was the Empire of Japan.	[ "Italians continued to immigrate to the United States, and an estimated 600,000 arrived in the decades following the war. Many of the new arrivals had professional training, or were skilled in various trades. The post-war period was a time of great social change for Italian Americans. Many aspired to a college educ...
Why did the Labour Party achieve a landslide victory in the 1945 UK General Election?	There is much debate over this topic and unfortunately I am away from my computer to get all my references for this issue. Historians have suggested that during WWII there was a move towards a more left leaning UK, hidden by the fact that by elections in the UK were not properly fought due to a gentleman's agreement b...	[ "In the event, the election produced a low turnout (with many voters perhaps feeling that another Labour victory was inevitable) and Labour won a second successive landslide, with the British political scene remaining almost completely unchanged with only a few seats changing hands.\n", "The general election resu...
What is the age difference of Earth's pole vs equator (theory of relativity)?	They are actually the same age, for not-obvious reasons. Basically, the difference in the passage of time due to the relative motion from the rotation is perfectly offset by the difference in the gravitational field due to Earth's shape. An explanation can be found [here](_URL_2_) or [here](_URL_1_). However, if you w...	[ "At the equator, the radius of the Earth is \"r\" = 6,378,137 meters. In addition, the rotation of the Earth needs to be taken into account. This imparts on an observer an angular velocity of formula_18 of 2\"π\" divided by the sidereal period of the Earth's rotation, 86162.4 seconds. So formula_19. The proper time...
If you are in a car going the speed of a bullet and shot a gun backwards out the window what would the bullet do?	fall while spinning	[ "BULLET::::1. Figure 1 (center panel). To an observer at rest on an inertial reference frame (like the ground), the car will seem to accelerate. In order for the passenger to stay inside the car, a force must be exerted on the passenger. This force is exerted by the seat, which has started to move forward with the ...
why does depression sometimes cause cognitive dysfunction issues, such as reduced attention span, memory, concentration, information processing capability and executive functioning, that sometimes persist after a depressive episode is over?	Depression still exists in a depressed person's brain even after an "episode". Depression is more than just in your mind, it is like a mental disorder that actually causes physical changes in your brain's structure and neural network, and it is those changes that can cause the other symptoms you mentioned.	[ "MRI scans of patients with depression have revealed a number of differences in brain structure compared to those who are not depressed. Meta-analyses of neuroimaging studies in major depression reported that, compared to controls, depressed patients had increased volume of the lateral ventricles and adrenal gland ...
Would an all out nuclear war result in these conditions?	This sounds like sci-fi fantasy. New mountain ranges can be ruled out - orogenic events (a fancy way of saying mountain building) are known to almost exclusively come from buckling of the Earth's crust with the movement of tectonic plates (the exception being hot-spot volcanism, like Hawaii). Plates are moved by the ...	[ "Under the scenario of total multilateral disarmament, there is no possibility of nuclear war. Under scenarios of partial disarmament, there is disagreement as to how the probability of nuclear war would change. Critics of nuclear disarmament say that it would undermine the ability of governments to threaten suffic...
How did Hitler improve Germany's economy to the extent it was before World War two broke out in the space of six years when prior to 1933 inflation and unemployment were at all time high under the leadership of the Weimar Republic.	So Hjalmar Schacht successfully begins to bring Germany back from the great depression, at the same time the the world was recovering from the Great Depression. The plan he implements to get people on their feet involves large social programs. – policies which had been instituted in Germany by von Schleicher's governme...	[ "The German economy, like those of many other western nations, suffered the effects of the Great Depression with unemployment soaring around the Wall Street Crash of 1929. When Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933, he introduced policies aimed at improving the economy. The changes included privatizatio...
Was there a consistent democratic "country/state/area" between 1000-1400 AD?	Iceland had a democratic body, the althing, and can be considered a democracy until 1262. The althing came together once a year for two weeks. Every household owner (i.e. a farm of a certain minimal size) had a seat. All feud ceased during that time and disputes were brought before the body. Before 1262 the Althing was...	[ "The first known states were created in the Fertile Crescent, India, China, Mesoamerica, the Andes, and others, but it is only in relatively modern times that states have almost completely displaced alternative \"stateless\" forms of political organization of societies all over the planet. Roving bands of hunter-ga...
why law enforcement uses polygraphs but they are not admissible in court	It is a useful tool for finding pressure points. There are two types of modern police interrogations - reid method and interrogative. Interrogative - That is basically questioning people until you catch them in lies. Knowing which questions to ask is very helpful. Reid method is basically accusing them of doing someth...	[ "In most European jurisdictions, practice varies by country but polygraphs are generally not considered reliable evidence and are not generally used by law enforcement. Polygraph testing is widely seen in Europe to violate the right to remain silent.\n", "In some countries, polygraphs are used as an interrogation...
is it possible for there to be a solar system in a solar system?	Stars that orbit one another are fairly common. However, it's unlikely that any planets would remain in stable orbits. The tug from the other star would keep pulling them around. The stars don't even need to get all that close to cause problems. especially if there are any gas giants that can be knocked around, affect...	[ "orbit around a star or star system. Generally speaking, systems with one or more planets constitute a planetary system, although such systems may also consist of bodies such as dwarf planets, asteroids, natural satellites, meteoroids, comets, planetesimals and circumstellar disks. The Sun together with the planets...
how are sine, triangle, square, and saw waves used to produce sound?	Those waves are a representation of the sound. Let's take a square wave because that'll be a simple example, at 1000hz. So 1000 times a second there will be a high and a low on the wave. So 1000 times in one second, the speaker playing the sound will move to where however much the high side gives in terms of voltage th...	[ "A conical shaped resonator, such as a megaphone, tends to amplify all pitches indiscriminately. A cylindrical shaped resonator is affected primarily by the length of the tube through which the sound wave travels. A spherical resonator will be affected by the amount of opening it has and by whether or not that open...
how are fetishes learned but sexual orientation is inborn?	Your question suggests that we already know this is the case, but that's not really the truth. Depending on who you ask in psychology. You'll get different answers. A radical behaviourist might (but most won't) argue that all behaviour is learned, including sexual behaviour. A psychologist focuses on biological psychol...	[ "Sexual orientation has been defined as \"an erotic inclination toward people of one or more genders, most often described as sexual or erotic attractions\". In recent years, psychologists have sought to understand how sexual orientation develops during adolescence. Some theorists believe that there are many differ...
how can people with dark skin say they're, "half-white" and white people can say they're, "half-black"?	No, race is a complicated and mostly made up categorization. It includes culture and characteristics beyond phenotypes including historical affiliation. Its not a good categorization, but its more complicated than just skin tone.	[ "Black people is a skin group-based classification used for specific people with a mid to dark brown complexion. Not all \"black people\" are dark skinned. However, in certain countries, often in socially based systems of racial classification in the Western World, it is used to describe persons who are perceived t...
why are nike shoes $150 or more and how do they enhance performance in sports?	It's a fashion statement mostly. Don't get me wrong - there's some technology and research there, but not nearly enough to really affect, well, anything that much. You may jump a few millimeters higher through some new bouncy sole and lighter material. And there is some stability enhancements that will slightly redu...	[ "It is also for this reason that Nike and other retailers specialized in sportswear are experiencing an increase in profits (Nike saw an increase of 8 million dollars capital in just three months, that is a 15% more than 2014’s revenue, when the soccer World Cup took place).\n", "Nike sells an assortment of produ...

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