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Correct such that: a) There is a path in 𝐺 ( Correct ) from 𝑝 𝑙 to every process 𝑝 𝑐 ∈ Correct (i.e. 𝑝 𝑙 can reach every process in Correct). b) There exists a process 𝑝 𝑘 ∈ Correct , 𝑝 𝑘 ≠ 𝑝 𝑙 , such that there is a path in 𝐺 ( Correct ) from 𝑝 𝑘 to 𝑝 𝑙 (i.e. there is a process in Correct which can r...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7342, "title": "from dpo" }
the set of correct processes that cannot be reached from 𝑝 𝑙 in 𝐺 ( Correct ) . Recall that, from the initial hypothesis, this set is not empty. Let us consider now another execution 𝐸 ′ of 𝐴 analogous to E except that process 𝑝 𝑙 is a non-correct process (i.e., it can be a deaf, mute, autistic or crashed proces...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7342, "title": "from dpo" }
𝜏 ≥ 𝜏 ′ 𝐷 . leader 𝑖 𝜏 ( ) = 𝑝 𝑙 for every correct process 𝑝 𝑖 , but 𝑝 𝑙 is not able to reach any process in 𝑈 ⊆ Correct in 𝐺 ( Correct ) . Note that, from the initial assumption, 𝑈 ≠ ∅ . Let us also assume that, in E, all the messages sent through lossy-asynchronous links are lost. Let us consider now an...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7342, "title": "from dpo" }
there is a correct process 𝑝 𝑘 which can reach another process 𝑝 𝑙 which can reach every correct process. Let us also assume that, in E, all the messages sent through lossy-asynchronous links are lost. Since 𝐴 implements a failure detector of Class Ω, then from Definition 1, there is a process 𝑝 𝑙 and a time 𝜏 ...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7342, "title": "from dpo" }
violates Definition 1, and we reach a contradiction. Theorem 3 There is no algorithm 𝐴 that implements a failure detector D of Class Ω in a system 𝑆 𝑠 without preserving Property 1. Proof Direct from Lemma 9 and Lemma 11. 6.2. Implementing Ω in 𝑆 𝑝 We present in this section an algorithm (called 𝐴 Ω ) which imple...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7342, "title": "from dpo" }
, 𝑝 𝑘 ≠ 𝑝 𝑖 , using a different and unidirectional link. Note that, unlike S, and for the sake of generalization and avoiding a trivial solution, we eliminate the possibility that a process 𝑝 𝑖 sends messages to itself. Thus, we prevent a process 𝑝 𝑖 from trivially knowing if it is a deaf or mute process. Recal...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7342, "title": "from dpo" }
Byzantine failures and where f ≤ n (code of pi). Each process uses some variables to record its current knowledge of the state of the system. In order to simplify the algorithm, these variables are considered dynamic in the sense that space is allocated and initialized as needed the first time some particular value is ...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7342, "title": "from dpo" }
_ seq 𝑖 [ 𝑖 ] . A process 𝑝 𝑖 uses Task T2 (roughly) to learn and report about the identity of processes and the status known by the processes that form the membership (Lines 9–27), to acknowledge the sender heartbeats (Lines 28–33), to increase the level of suspicions of processes from which 𝑝 𝑖 does not receive...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7342, "title": "from dpo" }
to wait for a HB message from 𝑝 𝑘 . Each time it receives a HB message from process 𝑝 𝑘 (not in known _ byzantine 𝑖 , what is tested at Line 16) on time, it updates 𝑝 𝑘 suspicions, adds it to correct 𝑖 , sends back an acknowledgment, updates the sequence number of the last HB message received and resets the tim...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7342, "title": "from dpo" }
correct. Proof Note that mute processes eventually stop sending heartbeats, so there is a time after which their timers expire forever. Thus, at Line 35 they will be removed from correct 𝑖 by all correct processes, and Line 22 will never again be executed. Deaf processes will eventually stop receiving ACK_HB messages ...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7342, "title": "from dpo" }
suspicions are only increased at Line 36 (when timers expire), eventually, suspicions on correct processes stop increasing. Theorem 4 Algorithm 𝐴 𝛺 of Fig. 3 implements a failure detector D of Class Ω in 𝑆 𝑝 . Proof From Lemma 12, eventually, no correct process 𝑝 𝑖 considers a mute, deaf, autistic or mortal Byzan...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7342, "title": "from dpo" }
consensus algorithm must preserve, based only on the properties supplied by the failure detector. From a practical point of view, several examples where this failure model is useful have been previously given in . In this paper we have presented a consensus algorithm 𝐴 𝐶 which is simple and optimal with respect to th...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7342, "title": "from dpo" }
have described and proven the correctness of algorithm 𝐴 RFLOB which implements this RFLOB primitive for systems with unknown membership and 𝑓 < 𝑛 / 3 classical Byzantine processes . Also, to our knowledge, this algorithm 𝐴 RFLOB is the first implementation of a broadcast primitive with reliability properties, FIFO...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7342, "title": "from dpo" }
Siobhàn Clarke, Elisa Baniassad Aspect-Oriented Analysis and Design Addison-Wesley Professional (2005) Google Scholar Miguel Correia, Giuliana Santos Veronese, Nuno Ferreira Neves, Paulo Verissimo Byzantine consensus in asynchronous message-passing systems: a survey Int. J. Critical Comput.-Based Syst., 2 (2) (2011), ...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7342, "title": "from dpo" }
approach to fault-tolerant broadcasts and related problems Technical Report Ithaca, NY, USA (1994) Google Scholar Jackson Daniel Software Abstractions: Logic, Language, and Analysis MIT Press (2012) Google Scholar Ernesto Jiménez, Sergio Arévalo, Antonio Fernández Implementing unreliable failure detectors with unknow...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7342, "title": "from dpo" }
pp. 1085-1098 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar M. Pease, R. Shostak, L. Lamport Reaching agreement in the presence of faults J. ACM, 27 (2) (April 1980), pp. 228-234 View in ScopusGoogle Scholar Kenneth J. Perry, Sam Toueg Distributed agreement in the presence of processor and communication faults IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng....	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7342, "title": "from dpo" }
and System Sciences, Volume 86, 2017, pp. 70-81 Jurek Czyzowicz, …, Dominik Pająk View PDF Exploiting hidden structure in selecting dimensions that distinguish vectors Journal of Computer and System Sciences, Volume 82, Issue 3, 2016, pp. 521-535 Vincent Froese, …, Manuel Sorge View PDF Show 3 more articles Article Met...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7342, "title": "from dpo" }
Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Failure Detectors.pptx URL Source: Published Time: 2011-04-14T15:27:57.000Z Markdown Content: Failure Detectors Distributed Systems Instructor: Ajay Kshemkalyani Failure Detectors Presented by, Archana Bharath Lakshmi 1• Failure detector is an application that is responsible for detection...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7344, "title": "from dpo" }
message from q to p is only very slow. • Assuming that ‘q’ has crashed will violate the safety property q p Slow 7‘q’ has crashed • To prevent the bad previous scenario from occurring, p must wait until it gets q’s message. • It is easy to see that p will wait forever, and the liveness property of the application will ...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7344, "title": "from dpo" }
equivalent (i.e) D ≡ D’ • Suppose a given algorithm ‘A’ requires failure detector D’, but only D is available. 16Example 17• PPPP v ;v ;v ;v ; SSSS W ; PW ; PW ; PW ; P v ;v ;v ;v ; SSSS WWWW • vvvv PPPP ;;;; WWWW S ;S ;S ;S ; vvvv PPPP ;;;; W SW SW SW S • PPPP ≡ v ;v ;v ;v ; SSSS ≡ W ; PW ; PW ; PW ; P ≡ v ;v ;v ;v ; ...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7344, "title": "from dpo" }
Termination : Every correct process eventually decides some value. • Uniform integrity : Every process decides at most once. • Agreement : No two correct processes decide• Agreement : No two correct processes decide differently. • Uniform validity : If a process decides a value v, then some process proposed v. • It is ...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7344, "title": "from dpo" }
no other decision value is possible • In the third and final stage, the processes decide on the locked value and consensus is reached. 29• Task 1 – Phase1 • Every process ‘p’ sends – Current estimate to coordinator Cp – Round number tsp – Phase 2 • Cp gathers (n+1)/2 estimates • Selects one with largest time stamp esti...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7344, "title": "from dpo" }
Validity : If the sender of a broadcast message m is non-faulty, then all correct processes eventually deliver m. – Agreement : If a correct process delivers a message m, then all correct processes deliver m. – Integrity : Each correct process delivers a message– Integrity : Each correct process delivers a message at m...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7344, "title": "from dpo" }
a suspected process, it corrects its error about the suspected process and increases its timeout for that process. – If process p receives “q-is-alive” message from a process q that it currently suspects, p knows that its previous timeout on q was premature – p removes q from its set of suspects and increases its timeo...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7344, "title": "from dpo" }
reliable links • FLL Crash-prone processes and fair lossy links 50Asynchronous System Models Communication model Processes communicate and synchronize by exchanging messages through links. Reliable • Does not create or duplicate messages • Every message sent by Pi to Pj is eventually received by Pj Fair lossy • Does no...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7344, "title": "from dpo" }
∧ (pi has not yet decided)) then return (esti) endif 78Thank YouThank You 79	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7344, "title": "from dpo" }
Title: Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis URL Source: Markdown Content: Abstract -------- ### Background in 2010, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) published a sarcopenia definition that aimed to foster advances in identifying and caring for people with s...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) published a sarcopenia definition that was widely used worldwide; this definition fostered advances in identifying and caring for people at risk for or with sarcopenia [1 to determine whether an update to the definition of sarcopenia was justified. This meeting took place 10 years af...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
loss of independence or need for long-term care placement [17 and that such disability was associated with lower quality of life (QoL) and higher healthcare costs in these target groups [( In another study, patients with sarcopenia had significantly elevated costs of care during hospitalisation—regardless of whether th...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
causes beyond ageing [26, with low muscle strength overtaking the role of low muscle mass as a principal determinant [11 build a sarcopenia definition that reflects recent advances in scientific, epidemiological, and clinical knowledge about skeletal muscle, (2) identify variables that best detect sarcopenia and predic...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
by feedback from involved experts and societies. The writing group met face-to-face 1–2 February 2018 near Madrid to identify how the definition and diagnostic characteristics needed to be updated, to begin the process of seeking consensus on key diagnostic and care strategies, and to designate topical areas for additi...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
( Muscle quality is also impaired in sarcopenia; this term has been used to describe micro- and macroscopic aspects of muscle architecture and composition. Because of technological limits, muscle quantity and muscle quality remain problematic as primary parameters to define sarcopenia [( ( ( Detection of low physical p...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
in research ----------------------------------------------------------- ### Validated tests and tools for current use A wide variety of tests and tools are now available for characterisation of sarcopenia in practice and in research (Table 2, access to technical resources in the healthcare test setting (community, clin...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
\| Mid-thigh muscle cross-sectional area by Computed Tomography (CT) or MRI \| Lee (2004) [50 [51 [52 \| Goodpaster (2000) [53 [54 [55 [56 [57 \| SPPB \| Short Physical Performance Battery Protocol \| \| \| \| NIH Toolbox \| \| [ \| \| Timed-up-and-go test (TUG) \| TUG \| Mathias (1986) [[40 \| 400-m walk \| Newman (2006) [41. In such...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
climbing and experiences with falls. This screening tool was evaluated in three large populations—the African American Health Study, Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging and the National Health and Nutrition Examination study [( and was likewise used in a study of Chinese men and women [( In these populations, the SAR...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
in hospital practice, in specialty clinical settings, and in community healthcare [28, isometric torque methods can be used to measure lower limb strength [66 can be used as a proxy for strength of leg muscles (quadriceps muscle group). The chair stand test measures the amount of time needed for a patient to rise five ...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
to determine muscle quantity (total body lean tissue mass or appendicular skeletal muscle mass) non-invasively, but different DXA instrument brands do not give consistent results [31, weight (ASM/weight) or body mass index (ASM/BMI) [72 [( has been explored for estimation of total or ASM. BIA equipment does not measure...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
the Sergi equation is based on older European populations. Age, ethnicity and other related discrepancies between those populations and patients should be considered in the clinic. In addition, BIA measurements can also be influenced by hydration status of the patient. For affordability and portability, BIA-based deter...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
is widely used in practice [81 can be performed in most clinical settings. In terms of its convenience to use and ability to predict sarcopenia-related outcomes, gait speed is advised by EWGSOP2 for evaluation of physical performance [( The SPPB also predicts outcomes [( but it is more often used in research than in cl...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
Alternative or new tests and tools A variety of methods are being used or evaluated to determine the quantity and quality of muscle and impact of sarcopenia on the patient’s QoL. These diagnostic measures are being tested for validity, reliability and accuracy and may play a relevant role in the future. For use in prac...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
volume than are lumbar muscle areas L1–L5 [42 [101 is ingested by a fasting patient; labelled	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
and unlabelled creatine and creatinine in urine are later measured using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry [( Total body creatine pool size and muscle mass are calculated from D 3-creatinine enrichment in urine. Creatine dilution test results correlate well with MRI-based measures of muscle mass and mo...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
such as coronary artery disease, stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [( Ultrasound was shown to have good validity to estimate muscle mass as compared to DXA, MRI and CT. While data are available for older adults, more research is needed to validate prediction equations for those with varying health condi...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
time needs validation in longitudinal studies. Once validated, SarQoL may serve as a proxy measure of treatment efficacy. To facilitate widespread use of the SarQoL tool, it has been translated into multiple languages. ### Defining cut-off points for sarcopenia tests Cut-off points depend on the measurement technique a...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
≥20 s \| Bischoff (2003) [127 [128 [26. In clinical practice, EWGSOP2 advises use of the SARC-F questionnaire to find individuals with probable sarcopenia. We advise use of grip strength and chair stand measures to identify low muscle strength. To generate evidence that confirms muscle of low quantity or quality, we...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
CT in research and in specialty care for individuals at high risk of adverse outcomes. We advise measures of physical performance (SPPB, TUG and 400-m walk tests) to assess severity of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia development ---------------------- ### Time course Muscle mass and strength vary across a lifetime—generally inc...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
#### Figure 3. ![Image 3: Figure 3. when no other specific cause is evident, while sarcopenia is considered ‘secondary’ when causal factors other than (or in addition to) ageing are evident. Sarcopenia can occur secondary to a systemic disease, especially one that may invoke inflammatory processes, e.g. malignancy or o...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
risk of mortality. This distinction is intended to underscore the need to conduct periodic sarcopenia assessments in individuals who may be at risk for sarcopenia in order to determine how quickly the condition is developing or worsening. Such observations are expected to facilitate early intervention with treatments t...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
the decline over a lifetime in multiple physiological systems, resulting in negative consequences to physical, cognitive, and social dimensions. Frailty’s diagnostic tools reflect these multiple dimensions, e.g. the Groningen Frailty Indicator, the Frailty Index of Rockwood _et al._ and others [146, reduced nutrient bi...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
in different people and circumstances, as detected by multiple measurements? What are differences in causes and consequences of gradual versus rapid loss? * What outcomes are best used as sensitive measures of response to sarcopenia treatments? Summary and call-to-action -------------------------- Sarcopenia, i.e. musc...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
to take actions that will promote early detection and treatment. We also encourage more research in the field of sarcopenia in order to prevent or delay adverse outcomes that also incur a heavy burden for patients and healthcare systems. ### Key points. * In the updated definition of sarcopenia, EWGSOP2 elevates low st...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
UK); Jean-Pierre Michel(Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva; Geneva, Switzerland); Kaisu Pitkala (Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of Primary Health Care; Helsinki, Finland); Jean-Yves Reginster (B...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
Pfizer and Merck. Y. Rolland is a consultant for Lactalis, Nestlé, Baxter, Novartis, and Biophytis. S Schneider reports honoraria from B. Braun, Fresenius Kabi, Grand-Fontaine, and Nestlé; he has also received honoraria and a grant from Nutricia. C.C. Sieber has received fees for presentations for and consulting with A...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
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Title: Transportation Research Circulars \| Publications URL Source: Markdown Content: Committee reports, including interim research findings and research problem statements, considered to be of immediate interest but not necessarily of permanent reference value. Transportation Research Circular E-C302 May 07, 2025 Tra...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
smooth pavement. Transportation Research Circular E-C297: Concrete Pavement Smoothness: 2023 Workshop , from the Transportation Research Board, was developed from presentations ma... Transportation Research Circular E-C296 November 08, 2024 Federal laws and rules require performance standards to be implemented to enhan...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
daily traffic to report on vehicle miles traveled, and detailed analyses, like examining freeway operations on a minute-by-minute basis. TR Circular E-C292: Advancing Highway Traffic Monitoring Through Strat... TR Circular E-C291 May 10, 2024 The increasing volume of plastic waste generated each year is a global proble...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
agencies to help offset the costs of additional shadow testing, data collection, and reporting. TR Circular E-C287: Using Performance Engineered Mixtures to Improve Pavement Performance and Sustainability: State Experiences presents i... Transportation Research Circular E-C286 September 29, 2023 Traditionally, research...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
1970s. In the last decade, the worldwide transportation industry has been pushing for the implementation of BIM for bridges and infrastructures. This process revolutionizes the way projects are delivered and, to be successful, it requires the cooperation of all parties involved in the realization of t... Transportation...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
ever-changing dynamics, there is a tremendous amount happening in the world of asset management. The 13th National Conference on Transportation Asset Management featured a variety of topics highlighting best practices in areas such as risk management, life cycle planning, and Transportation Asset Management Plan develo...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
Transportation Research Circular E-C272 May 28, 2021 Nearly all state departments of transportation (DOTs) have some level of oversight over local bridges, and different funding mechanisms and approaches are in use in the states. These are among the key takeaways from a best-practices panel sessions in conjunction with...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
Research Circular E-C268: Insights, Inclusion, and Impact: Framing the Future for Women in Transportation details the 2019 Women’s Issues in Transportation Co... Transportation Research Circular E-C267 November 05, 2020 Coronavirus (COVID-19) has proven a formidable adversary worldwide, with tremendous impact on the Un...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
many presentations from the conference, which attracted more than 350 professional transportation planners, consultants, industry experts, and academic researchers, from 42 stat... Transportation Research Circular E-C262 May 06, 2020 TRANSED is the International Conference on Mobility and Transport for Older Adults and...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
and other transformational transportation technologies have the potential to dramatically increase safety, reduce congestion, improve access, enhance sustainability, and spur economic development. However, success in meeting these goals is not assured, and there are significant risks that these deployments could cause ...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
of structural condition. However, with early-intervention preservation activities to extend the life of pavements, surface cracks no longer are a reliable indicator of structural condition. In the past 15 years, traffic speed deflection devices (TSDDs) have been developed to measure pavement structura... TR Circular E-...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
Transportation Research Circular E-C248: 12th International Conference on Low-Volume Roads, highlighting topics including road surfaces, geotechnology, cold regions and climate change, pavement management, planning and economics, unpaved roads management, geosynthetics in low-volume roads, drainage and stream crossings...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
2 Safety Data Student Paper Competition 2017-2019 contains student papers that were selected from a competition to promote use of the SHRP 2 Safety Data. A call for abstracts was issued in October 2017 to graduate students across the country, soliciting innovative ideas for using the data. The Review Panel for the SHRP...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
TRB's E-Circular 238: 2018 National Household Travel Survey Workshop explored users' experiences with the 2017 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) dataset at an August 2018 workshop in Washington, D.C. Conducted by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the NHTS is the authoritative source on the travel behavio...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
varyin... Transportation Research Circular 233 June 05, 2018 TRB's E-Circular 233: Applying Census Data for Transportation explores a conference held on November 14-16, 2017, in Kansas City, Missouri that focused on the use of census data for transportation applications. The conference provided a forum for participants...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
meeting was the 11th in a series of Spotlight Conferences funded by the U.S. Department of Transportation’s (DOT) Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology, University Transportation ... TR Circular E-C227 December 21, 2017 TRB's E-Circular 227: Advancing Highway Traffic Monitoring Through Strategic...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
17–18, 2017 in Irvine, California. The conference provided a forum to convene traditional freight-planning stakeholders with data and technology experts to discuss recent advances in the innovative application of these big and emerging data ... July 07, 2017 TRB's E-Circular 222: Automated Vehicles Symposium 2016 prese...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
Freeway Operations Through Strategic Research captures the state of affairs in freeway operations and reflects on the known universe of tools, techniques, and trends in emerging technologies in freeway management. From predictive software to electronic surveillance systems, operations have advanced rapidly in the past ...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
E-Circular 213: 13th National Light Rail and Streetcar Conference: Transforming Urban Areas documents the papers and discussions from a conference that took place on November 15–17, 2015 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The conference focused on how investments in light rail and streetcars may strengthen the entire transit n...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
into five areas: 1. An overview of the mechanistic–empirical (M-E) structural design process for bo... Transportation Research E-Circular 208 May 12, 2016 TRB's E-Circular 208: Transformational Technologies in Transportation: State of the Activities explores the status and applications of transportation goods, services...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
on adapting surface transportation networks to the potential impacts of climate change and extreme... Transportation Research Circular E-C203 February 15, 2016 TRB’s E-Circular 203: Transportation for Sustainability: An International Conference is the proceedings of a May 2015 conference held in Washington, D.C. that e...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
2015 TRB E-Circular 198: Moisture Damage to Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixtures includes a synopsis of six presentations of the Moisture Damage to Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixtures Workshop conducted at the 91st Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, January 22-26, 2012. TRB E-Circular 197 September 23, 2015 TRB E-Circular 1...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
E-Circular 193: Surface Transportation Financing: Innovation, Experimentation, and Exploration summarizes presentations made at the 5th International Conference on Surface Transportation Financing: Innovation, Experimentation, and Exploration on July 9-11, 2014, in Irvine, California. The conference focused on the late...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
National and International Perspectives on Current Practice summarizes papers and presentations presented at a workshop that took place on January 12, 2014 at the TRB 93rd Annual Meeting. The workshop explored material characterization and field validation for short- and long-ter... Transportation Research E-Circular 1...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
E-Circular 183: Monitoring Bicyclist and Pedestrian Travel and Behavior is designed to chronicle the most recent advancements in techniques and technology of active transportation monitoring. The circular identifies a selection of recent advancements in bicycle and pedestrian data monitoring pertaining to both traffic ...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
from the database’s user community. Transportation Research Circular E-C177 November 25, 2013 TRB’s Transportation Research Circular E-C177: Sustaining the Metropolis: Light Rail Transit and Streetcars for Super Cities summarizes the presentations made at a November 2012 conference that focused on introducing the conce...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
Safety Design Committee in Milan, Italy, on July 17, 2012. The focus of the meeting included assessment practices, safety systems, best practices, and other road safety products and issues. Transportation Research Circular E-C171 September 10, 2013 TRB Transportation Research Circular E-C171: Durability of Concrete: Se...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
2012 TRB Transportation Research Circular E-C166: Glossary for Regional Transportation Systems Management and Operations Terms: Second Edition is to avoid the frequently occurring misconceptions that arise through the use of different terms for the same meaning. E-C166 is an update of a previous edition published in Ap...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }
asphalt and its performance. The circular includes presentations made on a survey on polyphosphoric acid use and issues; the why and how of polyphosphoric acid modif... December 07, 2011 TRB’s Transportation Research E-Circular E-C159: Teamwork in U.S. Railroad Operations: A Conference is a summary of the proceedings f...	{ "page_id": null, "source": 7345, "title": "from dpo" }

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