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Plant Reliability Improvement Projects | Iowa Chemical Plant. Polyethylene Unit. DCS installation. Installed new dust collector. Upgraded Condensate System. Provided field engineering. |
Plant Reliability Improvement Projects | Illinois Chemical Plant. Update powder transfer system. Scope definition, estimating, field Engineering. |
Plant Reliability Improvement Projects | Texas Chemical Plant. Ambitech Engineering performed a relief valve study for the Vinyl Chloride Monomer Unit, the Chlor-Alkali Unit, and the Cogeneration Unit at Ingleside, Texas plant. The study included 56 relief devices, which included relief valves (PSV), rupture disks (PSE), and PSV/PSE combinations. The evaluati... |
Plant Reliability Improvement Projects | Illinois Chemical Plant. Ambitech provided process engineering services to complete a study of 1550 pressure relief valves and rupture disks at a chemical manufacturing facility. 3-year effort involved performing field walk down and verification of nameplate data and installation details, development of relief continge... |
Plant Reliability Improvement Projects | North Carolina Chemical Plant. Construction of new 130,000 square foot UV cured coatings plant. Project included installation of new equipment for making specialized inks. Conceptual engineering, detailed engineering and design, cost estimating, scheduling, procurement, construction observation. |
Plant Reliability Improvement Projects | Illinois Chemical Plant. Designed completely new Silica Dispersion Plant including mixers, blenders, chemical additions system, packaging and utility equipment. Project included all mechanical, piping, electrical, control and programming requirements.Designed plant PLC control architecture including programming and HMI... |
Plant Reliability Improvement Projects | Illinois Chemical Plant. Grass roots manufacturing facility housed in a new building 125 x 90 x 85 high. Design, specifications. |
Plant Reliability Improvement Projects | Indiana Catalyst Plant. Designed and installed catalyst bag unloading stations. Process and layout development, vender selection and construction |
Plant Reliability Improvement Projects | Illinois Chemical Plant. Converted existing storage facilities for new service. Installed new heating and condensing equipment. Installed new pumps. Performed detailed engineering. |
Plant Reliability Improvement Projects | Illinois Chemical Plant. Optimized use of existing assets to recover methanol from waste stream for recycling. Process design and engineering, detailed design engineering |
Plant Reliability Improvement Projects | Upgrade mainly aims at some old power plants with aging equipment and/or obsolete configuration, or power plants which need modification to the combustion devices due to fuel change or modification/change of any other production system.
In order to make the upgrade work successful and meet the owner's requirement, we ... |
Plant Reliability Improvement Projects | To upgrade an old power plant has an even higher requirement to the contractor than to build a new power plant, it requires not only the experience in project implementation and power plant operation, but also the well understanding of the working principle, structure and characteristics of each equipment/system in the... |
Plant Reliability Improvement Projects | Shwedong CCGT power station, (2014) Myanmar, APR Energy. Owners Engineer to prepare a concept design of the optimum CCGT plant configuration based on the gas allocation and the project drivers. Prepared the technical description for the tender submission based on the optimum concept. |
Plant Reliability Improvement Projects | Process Audit of Engineering Standards, (2014), Sydney, NSW, Australia, Ausgrid. Chief auditor for the engineering standards process, conducting interviews with staff and reviewing standards and supporting documentation. The audit found a suitable way forward for several significant findings. |
Plant Reliability Improvement Projects | Condamine 140MW (2xSGT800) Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Station, (2011), Miles, QLD, Australia, QGC. Owners Engineer. Project involved supervising the GT overhaul, providing recommendations to the owner regarding reuse of components and providing support regarding the Long Term Service Agreement and operation inte... |
Plant Reliability Improvement Projects | A turnkey Gas Turbine upgrade on a combined cycle plant that due to the additional output required a steam turbine and generator retrofit. I led a consortium of various ALSTOM product lines to put the approximately 40 million Euros.
o A Long Term Service Agreement involving; part supply, reconditioning, field service ... |
Plant Reliability Improvement Projects | Tracked the field findings of the GT26 fleet leader components, carried out metallurgical lab testing and based on empirical lifetime assessment increased the service life of the components. Instigated design changes based on field experience that lead to lifetime extension of the gas turbine components.
? Remote suppo... |
Plant Reliability Improvement Projects | With so much pressure from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reigning down on aging coal plants, one option for power plant operators is transforming the facility into a combined cycle (CC) plant, harnessing both steam and natural gas. By doing so, they can make use of all the steam turbines as well as a l... |
Plant Reliability Improvement Projects | As operators retire coal-fired plants, they will be faced with the challenge of cycling, according to Bill Siegfriedt, project manager at Sargent & Lundy*. Most of the recent combined cycle plants were originally built for base load operation, he said. Yet they find themselves tasked with cycling duty to fit the needs ... |
Plant Reliability Improvement Projects | An even more adventurous strategy for aging coal plants is eliminating coal altogether. Brian Reinhart, Study Manager at Black & Veatch Energy in Overland Park, Kansas, examined a variety of options including a switch from coal to natural gas.
He framed the discussion around a 250 MW subcritical pulverized coal-fired ... |
Rail Projects | The North-South Railway (NSR) project in Saudi Arabia is the world's largest railway construction and the longest route to adopt the European train control system (ETCS) to date. It is a 2,400km passenger and freight rail line originating in the capital city Riyadh, in the northwest of the country, to Al Haditha, near ... |
Rail Projects | he project involves construction of a single 2,400km track, sidings, yards, depots, stations and administrative facilities.
Total cost of the project is estimated to be $3.5bn, and will be financed by the Public Investment Fund (PIF) managed by the Ministry of Finance. The project commenced in 2005 and is expected to b... |
Rail Projects | The North-South Railway will have 107 bridges and 2,679 culverts along the 2,400km freight and passenger line. This stretch involves construction of a 280km rail line in the Al Nafude desert between Hail and Al Jawf.
The bridges will be assembled with pre-stressed concrete spans of 20m in length. A standard Continuous ... |
Rail Projects | Signalling and communications
The entire 2,400km rail route will be equipped with a centralised traffic control (CTC) signalling system. In addition, the industrial rail line will be equipped with a computer-assisted manual block system. |
Rail Projects | Rolling stock
The passenger route from Riyadh to Al Haditha will accommodate trains travelling at 250km/h but this will be limited to 160km/h. The freight trains will be running at a speed of 80km/h when loaded and 100km/h when empty.
The North-South Railway line will deploy 25 diesel locomotives with 4,300hp engines. ... |
Rail Projects | Tenders have been invited to begin work on the passenger line for the construction of six rail stations and mosques at Al-Haditha, Al-Jawf, Hail, Al-Qassim, Al-Majma'h and Al-Riyadh, as well as SAR's headquarters in Al-Riyadh. The pre-qualification of tenders will begin from 30 June 2010
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Rail Projects | The line was claimed to be the world's fastest design, build to operate metro in the world, at 22 months, 16 months if religious habit is taken into consideration. It was initially operated at 35% capacity with automatic train protection to assist manual driving.[9]
China Railway Construction Corporation Limited was r... |
Rail Projects | The Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro Line (MMMP), which is part of the Makkah (Mecca) Metro, is an 18.1km line constructed to connect the holy cities of Mecca, Arafat, Muzdalifa and Mina. The line was opened in November 2010 and became fully operational in November 2011.
The Mecca monorail project has been one of many ... |
Rail Projects | The trains of the monorail can operate at an elevation ranging from 8m to 10m so that they do not obstruct the movement of vehicles and pedestrians on the ground.
"The metro reached full capacity to carry 72,000 passengers in each direction per hour by 2011's Hajj."
The trains comprise 12 carriages, each 20m long and ... |
Rail Projects | The rolling stock for the monorail includes five-car sets running together as ten-car sets supplied by MonoMetro, UK. Each five-car set is entirely interconnected and air-conditioned with separate areas for men and women.
Each five-car set has a central emergency escape car with inflatable chutes to enable pilgrims to ... |
Rail Projects | CRCC awarded a $144m contract to Thales in June 2009 to supply, integrate and deploy its driverless train control and telecommunication systems for the project. Thales designed, integrated, installed, tested and commissioned the systems. It also installed the SelTrac Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC) system in ... |
Rail Projects | "Each five-car set is entirely interconnected and air-conditioned with separate areas for men and women."
A contract worth $1.8bn for the project was awarded by the Saudi Arabian government in February 2009 to a consortium of companies led by China Railway Construction (CRCC). CRCC carried out construction of the infra... |
Refinery Piping Design | Sponseller modeled all the mechanical utilities piping and piping supports using our clients P&ID. Utilizing SolidWorks Premium, our engineers placed the required piping runs in and around their 3D designed structure. The utilities involved included fresh water, process water, centrate and caustic systems. The design ... |
Ship Building | Shipbuilding has changed radically since the 1980s. Formerly, most construction took place in a building or graving dock, with the ship constructed almost piece by piece from the ground up. However, advances in technology and more detailed planning have made it possible to construct the vessel in subunits or modules th... |
Ship Building | The basic component of ship building is steel plate. The plates are cut, shaped, bent or otherwise manufactured to the desired configuration specified by the design (see figure 92.2 and figure 92.3). Typically the plates are cut by an automatic flame cutting process to various shapes. These shapes may be then welded to... |
Ship Building | The plates are then sent to fabrication shops, where they are joined into various units and subassemblies (see figure 92.5). At this juncture, piping, electrical and other utility systems are assembled and integrated into the units. The units are assembled using automatic or manual welding or a combination of the two. ... |
Ship Building | The units or subassemblies are usually then transferred to an open-air platen or lay down area where erection, or joining of assemblies, occurs to form even larger units or blocks (see figure 92.6). Here, additional welding and fitting occurs. Further, the units and welds must undergo quality-control inspections and te... |
Ship Building | The completed larger units are then moved to the graving dock, shipway or final assembly area. Here, the larger units are joined together to form the vessel (see figure 92.8). Again, much welding and fitting occur. Once the hull is structurally complete and watertight, the vessel is launched. This may involve sliding i... |
Ship Building | After the ship is launched, it enters the outfitting phase. A large amount of time and equipment are required. The work includes the fitting of cabling and piping, the furnishing of galleys and accommodations, insulation work, installation of electronic equipment and navigation aids and installation of propulsion and a... |
Ship Building | Painting is performed at almost every location in the shipyard. The nature of shipbuilding and repair requires several types of paints to be used for various applications. Paint types range from water-based coatings to high-performance epoxy coatings. The type of paint needed for a certain application depends on the en... |
Ship Building | Final painting of the ship occurs on board, and touch-up painting will frequently occur on block (see figure 92.10). On-block touch-up painting occurs for several reasons. In some cases, paint systems are damaged on block and need to be resurfaced, or perhaps the wrong paint system was applied and needs to be replaced.... |
Ship Building | Pre-erection outfitting of construction blocks is the current shipbuilding method used by all competitive shipbuilders worldwide. Outfitting is the process of installing parts and various subassemblies (e.g., piping systems, ventilation equipment, and electrical components) on the block prior to joining the blocks toge... |
Ship Building | Unit outfitting is the stage where fittings, parts, foundations, machinery and other outfitting materials are assembled independent of the hull block (i.e., units are assembled separate from steel structural blocks). Unit outfitting allows workers to assemble shipboard components and systems on the ground, where they h... |
Ship Building | On-block outfitting is the stage of construction where most of the outfitting material is installed onto the blocks. Outfitting materials installed on block consist of ventilation systems, piping systems, doors, lights, ladders, railings, electrical assemblies and so on. Many units are also installed at the on-block st... |
Ship Building | On-board outfitting is performed after the blocks are lifted onto the ship under construction (i.e., after erection). At this time, the ship is either at a building position (building ways or building dock), or the ship could be berthed at pierside. The blocks are already outfitted to a large extent, although much more... |
Ship Building | Testing
The operation and test stage of construction assesses the functionality of installed components and systems. At this stage, systems are operated, inspected and tested. If the systems fail the tests for any reason, the system must be repaired and retested until it is fully operational. All piping systems on boa... |
Ship Building | Steel ship repair practices and processes
Ship repair generally includes all ship conversions, overhauls, maintenance programmes, major damage repairs and minor equipment repairs. Ship repair is a very important part of the shipping and shipbuilding industry. Approximately 25% of the labour force in most private shipb... |
Ship Building | The customer usually provides contract specifications, drawings and standard items. Contracts can be firm fixed price (FFP), firm fixed price award fee (FFPAF), cost plus fixed fee (CPFF), cost plus award fee (CPAF) or urgent repair contracts. The process starts in the marketing area when the shipyard is asked for a re... |
Ship Building | Repair planning, engineering and production
Although some preliminary planning is performed at the proposal stage of the contract, much work is still needed to plan and execute the contract in a timely manner. The following steps should be accomplished: read and understand all contract specifications, categorize the w... |
Ship Building | Common types of repair work
Ships are similar to other types of machinery in that they require frequent maintenance and, sometimes, complete overhauls to remain operational. Many shipyards have maintenance contracts with shipping companies, ships and/or ship classes that identify frequent maintenance work. Examples of... |
Ship Building | Large repair contracts and major conversions are common in the ship repair industry. Most of these large repair contracts are performed by shipyards that have the ability to construct ships, although some primarily repair yards will perform extensive repairs and conversions.
Examples of major repair contracts are as f... |
Ship Building | Most major repairs and conversions require a large planning, engineering and production effort. In many cases, a large quantity of steel work will need to be accomplished (e.g., major cut-out of existing ship structure and installation of new configurations). These projects can be divided into four major stages: remova... |
Ship Building | As with new construction, all installed systems must be tested and operational before the ship is returned to its owner. Testing requirements generally originate from the contract, although other sources of testing requirements do exist. The tests must be scheduled, tracked for proper completion and monitored by the pr... |
Ship Building | There are many similarities between new construction and repair processes. The primary similarities are that they both use the application of essentially the same manufacturing practices, processes, facilities and support shops. Ship repair and new construction work require highly skilled labour because many of the ope... |
Ship Building | Cleaning and Other Cold Work
Click on an area for more specific information. Figure 1: Cleaning and Other Cold Work Figure 1: Cleaning and Other Cold Work: Cleaning Preparation, Cleaning Operations and PPE.
Cleaning and other cold work often requires manual activities such as scraping, mucking, pumping, or gas fr... |
Ship Building | Sliding or Rolling Caissons
These are built up box sections with a sliding or rolling surface at the base. The gate slides or rolls into a notch built into the side of the dock. |
Ship Building | Floating Caisson Gate
This is probably the most common type of basin closure gate. It is a watertight box girder with flooding and dewatering systems. After flooding the dock, the caisson is deballasted to raise it up off the seat. It can then be towed out of the way. |
Ship Building | MARINE RAILWAYS
A marine railway is a mechanical means of hoisting a ship out of the water along an inclined plane.
Lift capacities range from 100 to 6,000 tons. Theoretically, even larger sizes are possible, but generally the floating dock becomes a more economical alternative. |
Asset Management & Marine Structures Maintenance | The purpose of the asset management plan is to have a tool which assists Council to achieve its asset management outcomes which are consistent with Mosplan the Councils Community Strategic Plan.
This plan outlines the broad approach that Council will adopt to manage the condition of and use of marine structures assets ... |
Asset Management & Marine Structures Maintenance | Baths and Jetties
? Visual inspection of timber pile every 3 years
? Visual inspection of timber headstocks and girders every 3 years
? Borer inspections every 5 years
? Patch works to concrete jetty deck
? Tightening of decking screws
? Repainting of handrails
? Repainting of non-slip sections of decks
? Clean off mar... |
Asset Management & Marine Structures Maintenance | Sea Walls
? Regrout between sandstone blocks of sandstone sea walls
? Grout up cracks in concrete seawalls to prevent water ingress
? Repainting of handrails
? Vegetation growth in sea walls to be removed
? Exposed reinforcement to be repaired
? Blocked drainage holes to be flushed
? Weathering of concrete rendering to... |
Pipeline Construction Project | Flowlines
Flowlines are used as part of a crude gathering system in production areas to move produced oil from individual wells to a central point in the field for treating and storage. Flowlines are generally small-diameter pipelines operating at relatively low pressure. Typical in the United States flowlines are betw... |
Pipeline Construction Project | Crude Trunk Lines
Crude is moved from central storage facilities over long-distance trunk lines to refineries or other storage facilities. Crude trunk lines operate at higher pressures than flowlines and could vary in size from 6 inches in diameter to as large as 4 feet, as in the TAPS in Alaska.10 |
Pipeline Construction Project | Product Pipelines
Pipelines carrying products that are liquid at ambient temperatures and pressures do not have to operate at excessive pressures in order to maintain the product in a liquid state. However, liquids that vaporize at ambient temperatures must be shipped at higher pressures. For instance, ethane pipelines... |
Pipeline Construction Project | Valve Manifolds
Valves are installed at strategic locations along the mainline pipe to control flows and pressures within the pipe and to isolate pipe segments in the event of upset or emergency conditions. Regardless of design, all valves require regular monitoring and maintenance. |
Pipeline Construction Project | Valves
Valves located in the mainline must be compatible with pigging equipment |
Pipeline Construction Project | Corrosion Control Systems
Corrosion control of pipeline systems primarily composed of steel and other metals is critical to system integrity. Buried metallic objects will corrode (chemically oxidize) through participation in electrochemical reactions if not adequately protected. Corrosion control is accomplished throug... |
Pipeline Construction Project | Catholic protection involves either the use of an
Impressed current
For impressed-current systems, anodes are buried in the soil proximate to the section of buried pipe being protected. A current is applied to the anodes equivalent to the current that would result from the electrochemical oxidation of the pipe. This ... |
Pipeline Construction Project | The major steps in pipeline system design involve establishment of critical pipeline performance objectives and critical engineering design parameters such as:
Required throughput (volume per unit time for most petroleum products; pounds per unit time for petrochemical feedstocks);
Origin and destination points;
P... |
Pipeline Construction Project | Pipeline Coating
Protective wrappings, followed by the application of tape to the edges of the spirally applied overlapping wrapping, are often installed on the exterior of the pipe to further assist in corrosion control, but also to primarily protect the pipe from mechanical damage at installation. Wraps and tape ofte... |
Pipeline Construction Project | Overpressure Protection
A pipeline operator typically conducts a surge analysis to ensure that the surge pressure does not exceed 110% of the maximum operating pressure (MOP). The pressure-relief system must be designed and operated at or below the MOP except under surge conditions. In a blocked line, thermal expansion... |
Pipeline Construction Project | Pumps and Pumping Stations
Desired material throughput values as well as circumstantial factors along the pipeline route are considered in designing and locating pump stations. Desired operating pressures and grade changes dictate individual pump sizes and acceptable pressure drops (i.e., the minimum line pressure that... |
Pipeline Construction Project | Valve Spacing and Rapid Shutdown
The spacings of valves and other devices capable of isolating any given segment of a pipeline are driven by two principal concerns:
Maintaining the design operating conditions of the pipeline with respect to throughput and flexibility and (2) facilitate maintenance or repairs without un... |
Pipeline Construction Project | Electrical Interference
The question of the impact of the colocation of metallic pipelines and high-voltage transmission lines can be framed by three broad concepts:
(a) Influence
(b) Coupling
(c) Susceptibility
Other issues that add to the overall impact are identified and discussed below.
Influence can be thought of... |
Pipeline Construction Project | The actual installation of the pipeline includes these major steps:
1. Clearing the ROW as needed.
2. Ditching.
3. Stringing pipe joints along the ROW.
4. Welding the pipe joints together.
5. Applying a coating and wrapping the exterior of the pipe (except for the portions of the pipe at each end, which is sometimes co... |
Pipeline Construction Project | Standard pipeline construction is composed of specific activities including survey and staking of the ROW; clearing and grading; trenching; pipe stringing, bending, welding, and lowering-in; backfilling; hydrostatic testing; and cleanup. In addition to standard pipeline construction methods, the pipeline construction c... |
Pipeline Construction Project | Pipe segments are normally delivered from their point of manufacture by rail to a rail off-loading yard conveniently located to the construction ROW (see Figure 3.3-4). From there, pipe segments are loaded onto flatbed trucks and taken to a material laydown yard that is temporarily maintained in an area close to the co... |
Pipeline Construction Project | Clearing and Grading
The survey crew will carefully survey and stake the construction ROW to ensure that only the preapproved construction workspace is cleared. The clearing and grading crew leads the construction spread. This crew is responsible for removing trees, boulders, and debris from the construction ROW and pr... |
Pipeline Construction Project | Stringing Pipe Joints along the ROW
Normally, pipe segments are delivered to staging areas closest to the point along the mainline where they will be installed and then subsequently deployed along the ROW. This guarantees that each joint needs only to be moved over to the ditch when it is ready to be welded into the pi... |
Pipeline Construction Project | Pipe Bedding Material
Bedding material must be clean sand or soil and must not contain stones having a maximum dimension larger than 0.5 inch. Material must be placed to a minimum depth of 6 inches under the pipe and 6 inches over the top of the pipe. |
Pipeline Construction Project | Welding Inspection
The most common inspection method relies on radiographic, or X-ray, examination of completed welds. Construction plans specify what type of inspection will be required and what portion of welds must be examined by each method. For instance, it might be specified that where the pipeline traverses open... |
Pipeline Construction Project | Pipe Bending
As welding proceeds along the pipeline, a slight change in direction or a significant change in elevation may require a bend in the pipeline. Many such bends are made by a bending machine on the job site that bends a joint of pipe to the required curvature (see Figure 3.3-11).
Even large-diameter pipe can ... |
Pipeline Construction Project | Pipe Coating
If not pre coated at the coating mill, the pipe exterior is coated and wrapped after welding is complete. Coating and wrapping are done using special machines that move along the pipeline ROW. Coal tar enamel is the most common pipeline coating; others include thin-film powdered epoxy and extruded polyethy... |
Pipeline Construction Project |
Lowering the Pipeline into the Ditch
When the welding and coating are complete, the pipe is suspended over the ditch by sideboom tractors, which are crawler tractors with a special hoisting frame attached to one side.
Then the pipeline is gradually lowered to the bottom of the ditch (lowering in) (see Figure 3.3-13)... |
Pipeline Construction Project | Hydrostatic Testing
All newly installed pipelines, including pipe segments that have been replaced in existing pipelines, undergo hydrostatic testing before being put into service. Hydrostatic testing involves isolating that portion of the pipeline undergoing testing, filling it with water, and then pressurizing the li... |
Marine Facilities | Marine facilities
The design of the marine foundations especially, is highly dependent on the results obtained from any further geotechnical and geophysical work. Thus as the final design is completed; various design details will change from what is shown on the current drawings. These design details can include, but a... |
Marine Facilities | The projects marine infrastructure comprises several marine facilities which are within intertidal or sub-tidal waters. These marine facilities can be categorized into 4 main sites consisting of:
LNG Jetty/Suspension Bridge (including LNG berth structures and the Suspension Bridges SW Anchor Block and SW Tower foun... |
Marine Facilities | The following definitions describe basic marine terminology used in this report:
Pile: A pile is a heavy column or post either driven or drilled into the ground or seabed to support the foundations of a structure. Piles are commonly made of either timber, concrete or steel. For the PNW LNG marine facilities, steel pi... |
Marine Facilities | Bent: A bent is part of a bridge or trestle substructure and is comprised of a group of piles, typically installed in a single line, connected at their tops with a pile cap forming a single rigid frame that supports a vertical load. Bents are typically placed transverse to the length of the overall structure and dire... |
Marine Facilities | Cofferdam: A cofferdam is a watertight enclosure from which water is pumped to expose the bottom of a body of water and permit construction. |
Marine Facilities | Jetty: A jetty is a pier structure built out into the sea or along the shore as part of a port. It typically includes a landing stage at which ships can dock or be moored. For the purposes of the PNW LNG project the LNG Jetty includes the Suspension Bridge, and the Trestle and Berth Structures. |
Marine Facilities | Trestle: A long bridge-like structure which typically spans from the shoreline out to berth structures located in deeper navigable waters. The trestle is supported on a series of bents spaced at regular intervals, using large beams or girders to span between the bent foundations. A trestles deck typically includes spa... |
Marine Facilities | Dolphin (Breasting dolphin) (Mooring dolphin): A dolphin is a man-made marine structure that extends above the water level and is not connected to shore. Dolphins are usually installed to provide a fixed structure when it would be impractical to extend the shore to provide a dry access facility. Typical uses include ex... |
Marine Facilities | Caisson: "Caisson" is the French word for "box." A caisson is a huge box or tub made of steel-reinforced, waterproof concrete with a central core that is open from the top. For a wharf facility, the caisson comprises both the foundation and main superstructure of the wharf. For the Suspension Bridge, the caisson become... |
Marine Facilities | Dock: A structure extending alongshore or out from the shore into a body of water, to which boats may be moored. |
Marine Facilities | Wharf: A structure built typically along the shoreline of deeper navigable waters so that ships may be moored alongside to receive and discharge cargo and passengers. |
Marine Facilities | Spud: A spud is a retrac Table leg or underwater column that is deployed from a dredge or marine derrick barge and is used for staying or maintaining the barge in position as construction proceeds. |
Marine Facilities | Fender: A fender is a rubber component that is attached to wharves, berthing dolphins, and other marine structures where vessels can make contact with the structure. The fender absorbs the impact energy of berthing (incoming) vessels and hence protects the structure and ship from damage. A fender is formed of rubber wh... |
Marine Facilities | The bridge marine foundations are shown on concept drawings prepared by Infinity Engineering Group Ltd. (Infinity). Two major marine foundations are required for the proposed Suspension Bridge located at the SW Tower and SW Anchor Block |
Marine Facilities | Conceptual Foundations Overview
The preliminary design for the South West (SW) Anchor Block consists of,
a 45 m x 44 m x 21.3 m deep concrete cap
Supported by an 8 x 8 grid of 1800 mm diameter concrete filled pipe piles. |
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