Datasets:

MBZUAI
/

UrduMMLU

license: cc-by-4.0
language:
  - ur
pretty_name: UrduMMLU
size_categories:
  - 10K<n<100K
task_categories:
  - question-answering
  - multiple-choice
tags:
  - urdu
  - mmlu
  - multiple-choice
  - education
  - benchmark
  - low-resource
configs:
  - config_name: default
    data_files:
      - split: test
        path: urdummlu.json

UrduMMLU

UrduMMLU is a large-scale, human-curated benchmark of 26,431 multiple-choice questions written natively in Urdu. Questions are drawn from Pakistani secondary and higher-secondary curricula (SSC-I through HSSC-II) and span the humanities, social sciences, STEM, professional studies, and general knowledge.

Unlike machine-translated MMLU variants, every item here is sourced from native Urdu exam material, then cleaned, de-duplicated, schema-normalized, and human-verified through a multi-stage annotation pipeline.

Dataset at a glance


Questions	26,431
Language	Urdu (`ur`)
Format	Single-answer multiple choice (4–5 options)
Levels	SSC-I, SSC-II, HSSC-I, HSSC-II
Domains	5 (26 subdomains)
Files	`urdummlu.json`, `stats.json`

Schema

Each record in urdummlu.json has exactly these fields:

{
  "id": 0,
  "question": "مقبرہ شاہ رکن عالمؒ ____ میں ہے۔",
  "options": { "A": "لاہور", "B": "ساہیوال", "C": "سیالکوٹ", "D": "ملتان" },
  "correct_key": "D",
  "domain": "Social Sciences",
  "subdomain": "pakistan studies",
  "level": "SSC-II",
  "length_tier": "short",
  "source": [
    { "name": "BISE Multan 2025", "url": "https://www.bisemultan.edu.pk" }
  ]
}

Field	Description
`id`	Stable integer identifier
`question`	Question stem in Urdu
`options`	Map of option key (`A`–`E`) to Urdu answer text
`correct_key`	Key of the correct option
`domain`	Top-level domain (one of 5)
`subdomain`	Fine-grained subject (26 total)
`level`	Curriculum level: `SSC-I`, `SSC-II`, `HSSC-I`, `HSSC-II`
`length_tier`	`short`, `long`, or `null` (question-length bucket)
`source`	List of `{name, url}` provenance entries

Domain distribution

Domain	Questions
Humanities	11,010
Social Sciences	7,968
STEM	5,113
Other	1,365
Profession	975

The 26 subdomains include Urdu literature, Urdu language, Islamic studies, Pakistan studies, chemistry, biology, mathematics, computer science, economics, sociology, and more. Per-subdomain, per-level, and source counts are in stats.json.

Curriculum levels

Level	Questions
SSC-I	11,601
SSC-II	6,838
HSSC-II	4,125
HSSC-I	3,867

Usage

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("MBZUAI/UrduMMLU", split="test")
ex = ds[0]
print(ex["question"])
print(ex["options"], "→", ex["correct_key"])

Evaluation

Treat each item as a single-answer MCQ: present question and options, then compare the model's chosen key against correct_key. Exact-match accuracy is the primary metric. We recommend reporting accuracy broken down by domain and level.

Sources

Questions were collected from publicly available Urdu exam and practice-question repositories, including Ustad 360, MCQ Times, TestPoint PK, eTest, FBISE, ExamAunty, GoTest, PakMCQs, and provincial examination boards (e.g. BISE Multan). Each item retains its source attribution in the source field.

Limitations

Answer keys reflect the original source material and the annotation process; rare errors may remain.
length_tier is null for items where a length bucket was not assigned.
Coverage is weighted toward humanities and the SSC levels, mirroring the availability of native Urdu exam content.

Citation

@article{tabassum2026urdummlu,
  title     = {{UrduMMLU}: A Massive Multitask Benchmark for {Urdu} Language Understanding},
  author    = {Tabassum, Ahmer and Ahmad, Sarfraz and Iqbal, Hasan and
               Aijaz, Owais and Ahsan, Momina and Nakov, Preslav},
  journal   = {arXiv preprint},
  year      = {2026},
  url       = {https://anonymous.for.review}
}

License

Released under CC BY 4.0.