| --- |
| license: cc-by-4.0 |
| language: |
| - ur |
| pretty_name: UrduMMLU |
| size_categories: |
| - 10K<n<100K |
| task_categories: |
| - question-answering |
| - multiple-choice |
| tags: |
| - urdu |
| - mmlu |
| - multiple-choice |
| - education |
| - benchmark |
| - low-resource |
| configs: |
| - config_name: default |
| data_files: |
| - split: test |
| path: urdummlu.json |
| --- |
| |
| <p align="center"> |
| <img src="logo.png" alt="UrduMMLU" width="180"> |
| </p> |
|
|
| # UrduMMLU |
|
|
| **UrduMMLU** is a large-scale, human-curated benchmark of **26,431** multiple-choice |
| questions written natively in Urdu. Questions are drawn from Pakistani secondary and |
| higher-secondary curricula (SSC-I through HSSC-II) and span the humanities, social |
| sciences, STEM, professional studies, and general knowledge. |
|
|
| Unlike machine-translated MMLU variants, every item here is sourced from native Urdu |
| exam material, then cleaned, de-duplicated, schema-normalized, and human-verified |
| through a multi-stage annotation pipeline. |
|
|
| ## Dataset at a glance |
|
|
| | | | |
| |---|---| |
| | Questions | 26,431 | |
| | Language | Urdu (`ur`) | |
| | Format | Single-answer multiple choice (4–5 options) | |
| | Levels | SSC-I, SSC-II, HSSC-I, HSSC-II | |
| | Domains | 5 (26 subdomains) | |
| | Files | `urdummlu.json`, `stats.json` | |
|
|
| ## Schema |
|
|
| Each record in `urdummlu.json` has exactly these fields: |
|
|
| ```json |
| { |
| "id": 0, |
| "question": "مقبرہ شاہ رکن عالمؒ ____ میں ہے۔", |
| "options": { "A": "لاہور", "B": "ساہیوال", "C": "سیالکوٹ", "D": "ملتان" }, |
| "correct_key": "D", |
| "domain": "Social Sciences", |
| "subdomain": "pakistan studies", |
| "level": "SSC-II", |
| "length_tier": "short", |
| "source": [ |
| { "name": "BISE Multan 2025", "url": "https://www.bisemultan.edu.pk" } |
| ] |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
| | Field | Description | |
| |---|---| |
| | `id` | Stable integer identifier | |
| | `question` | Question stem in Urdu | |
| | `options` | Map of option key (`A`–`E`) to Urdu answer text | |
| | `correct_key` | Key of the correct option | |
| | `domain` | Top-level domain (one of 5) | |
| | `subdomain` | Fine-grained subject (26 total) | |
| | `level` | Curriculum level: `SSC-I`, `SSC-II`, `HSSC-I`, `HSSC-II` | |
| | `length_tier` | `short`, `long`, or `null` (question-length bucket) | |
| | `source` | List of `{name, url}` provenance entries | |
|
|
| ## Domain distribution |
|
|
| | Domain | Questions | |
| |---|---| |
| | Humanities | 11,010 | |
| | Social Sciences | 7,968 | |
| | STEM | 5,113 | |
| | Other | 1,365 | |
| | Profession | 975 | |
|
|
| The 26 subdomains include Urdu literature, Urdu language, Islamic studies, |
| Pakistan studies, chemistry, biology, mathematics, computer science, economics, |
| sociology, and more. Per-subdomain, per-level, and source counts are in |
| [`stats.json`](stats.json). |
|
|
| ## Curriculum levels |
|
|
| | Level | Questions | |
| |---|---| |
| | SSC-I | 11,601 | |
| | SSC-II | 6,838 | |
| | HSSC-II | 4,125 | |
| | HSSC-I | 3,867 | |
|
|
| ## Usage |
|
|
| ```python |
| from datasets import load_dataset |
| |
| ds = load_dataset("MBZUAI/UrduMMLU", split="test") |
| ex = ds[0] |
| print(ex["question"]) |
| print(ex["options"], "→", ex["correct_key"]) |
| ``` |
|
|
| ### Evaluation |
|
|
| Treat each item as a single-answer MCQ: present `question` and `options`, then |
| compare the model's chosen key against `correct_key`. Exact-match accuracy is the |
| primary metric. We recommend reporting accuracy broken down by `domain` and `level`. |
|
|
| ## Sources |
|
|
| Questions were collected from publicly available Urdu exam and practice-question |
| repositories, including Ustad 360, MCQ Times, TestPoint PK, eTest, FBISE, |
| ExamAunty, GoTest, PakMCQs, and provincial examination boards (e.g. BISE Multan). |
| Each item retains its source attribution in the `source` field. |
|
|
| ## Limitations |
|
|
| - Answer keys reflect the original source material and the annotation process; |
| rare errors may remain. |
| - `length_tier` is `null` for items where a length bucket was not assigned. |
| - Coverage is weighted toward humanities and the SSC levels, mirroring the |
| availability of native Urdu exam content. |
|
|
| ## Citation |
|
|
| ```bibtex |
| @article{tabassum2026urdummlu, |
| title = {{UrduMMLU}: A Massive Multitask Benchmark for {Urdu} Language Understanding}, |
| author = {Tabassum, Ahmer and Ahmad, Sarfraz and Iqbal, Hasan and |
| Aijaz, Owais and Ahsan, Momina and Nakov, Preslav}, |
| journal = {arXiv preprint}, |
| year = {2026}, |
| url = {https://anonymous.for.review} |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## License |
|
|
| Released under [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
|
|
