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Unpaired word	An unpaired word is one that, according to the usual rules of the language, would appear to have a related word but does not. Such words usually have a prefix or suffix that would imply that there is an antonym, with the prefix or suffix being absent or opposite. If the prefix or suffix is negative, such as 'dis-' or -'less', the word can be called an orphaned negative.Unpaired words can be the result of one of the words falling out of popular usage, or can be created when only one word of a pair is borrowed from another language, in either case yielding an accidental gap, specifically a morphological gap. Other unpaired words were never part of a pair; their starting or ending phonemes, by accident, happen to match those of an existing morpheme, leading to a reinterpretation.
AIP Conference Proceedings	AIP Conference Proceedings is a serial published by the American Institute of Physics since 1970. It publishes the proceedings from scientific meetings, including large international conferences and small specialist workshops. Emily Prendergast is the current Manager of AIP Conference Proceedings. In addition to the series' own ISSN, each volumes receives its own ISBN.AIP Conference Proceedings publishes more than 100 volumes per year, with back-file coverage to 1970 which encompasses 1,330 proceedings volumes and 100,000 published papers.
2-in-1 PC	A 2-in-1 PC, also known as convertible laptop, 2-in-1 tablet, 2-in-1 laptop, 2-in-1 detachable, laplet, tabtop, laptop tablet, or simply 2-in-1, is a portable computer that has features of both tablets and laptops.
Cellular digital packet data	Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) is an obsolete wide-area mobile data service which used unused bandwidth normally used by Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) mobile phones between 800 and 900 MHz to transfer data. Speeds up to 19.2 kbit/s were possible, though real world speeds seldom reached higher than 9.6 kbit/s. The service was discontinued in conjunction with the retirement of the parent AMPS service; it has been functionally replaced by faster services such as 1xRTT, Evolution-Data Optimized, and UMTS/High Speed Packet Access (HSPA).
Signs Of LIfe Detector	Signs Of LIfe Detector (SOLID) is an analytical instrument under development to detect extraterrestrial life in the form of organic biosignatures obtained from a core drill during planetary exploration.
Soft Growing Robotics	Soft Growing Robotics is a subset of soft robotics concerned with designing and building robots that use robot body expansion to move and interact with the environment.
Liming (soil)	Liming is the application of calcium- (Ca) and magnesium (Mg)-rich materials in various forms, including marl, chalk, limestone, burnt lime or hydrated lime to soil. In acid soils, these materials react as a base and neutralize soil acidity. This often improves plant growth and increases the activity of soil bacteria, but oversupply may result in harm to plant life. Modern liming was preceded by marling, a process of spreading raw chalk and lime debris across soil, in an attempt to modify pH or aggregate size. Evidence of these practices dates to the 1200's and the earliest examples are taken from the modern British Isles.
Polar Geography	Polar Geography is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on the physical and human aspects of the Polar regions of Earth. It is published by Taylor & Francis and was established in 1977. From 1980 to 1994 it was known as Polar Geography and Geology.
9-Piece handicap	The 9-Piece (九枚落ち kyūmai-ochi) handicap in shogi has all of White's pieces removed except for the king, their right gold, and their line of pawns. (Thus, their rook, bishop, silvers, knights, lances, and the left gold are all missing.) This handicap is very severe and, thus, not very competitive. It is not deemed an official handicap of the Japan Shogi Association. Its main goal is to instruct shogi beginners on how to play.
Obstructed labour	Obstructed labour, also known as labour dystocia, is the baby not exiting the pelvis because it is physically blocked during childbirth although the uterus contracts normally. Complications for the baby include not getting enough oxygen which may result in death. It increases the risk of the mother getting an infection, having uterine rupture, or having post-partum bleeding. Long-term complications for the mother include obstetrical fistula. Obstructed labour is said to result in prolonged labour, when the active phase of labour is longer than 12 hours.The main causes of obstructed labour include a large or abnormally positioned baby, a small pelvis, and problems with the birth canal. Abnormal positioning includes shoulder dystocia where the anterior shoulder does not pass easily below the pubic bone. Risk factors for a small pelvis include malnutrition and a lack of exposure to sunlight causing vitamin D deficiency. It is also more common in adolescence as the pelvis may not have finished growing by the time they give birth. Problems with the birth canal include a narrow vagina and perineum which may be due to female genital mutilation or tumors. A partograph is often used to track labour progression and diagnose problems. This combined with physical examination may identify obstructed labour.The treatment of obstructed labour may require cesarean section or vacuum extraction with possible surgical opening of the symphysis pubis. Other measures include: keeping the women hydrated and antibiotics if the membranes have been ruptured for more than 18 hours. In Africa and Asia obstructed labor affects between two and five percent of deliveries. In 2015 about 6.5 million cases of obstructed labour or uterine rupture occurred. This resulted in 23,000 maternal deaths down from 29,000 deaths in 1990 (about 8% of all deaths related to pregnancy). It is also one of the leading causes of stillbirth. Most deaths due to this condition occur in the developing world.
Parlog	Parlog is a logic programming language designed for efficient utilization of parallel computer architectures. Its semantics is based on first order predicate logic. It expresses concurrency, interprocess communication, indeterminacy and synchronization within the declarative language framework.It was designed at Imperial College, London by Steve Gregory and Keith L. Clark, as a descendant of IC Prolog and Relational Language.
Mixed breed	A mixed breed is a domesticated animal descended from multiple breeds of the same species, often breeding without any human intervention, recordkeeping, or selective breeding. Examples include: Mixed-breed dog, a dog whose ancestry is complex or not known, also colloquially known as "mutt" Grade horse, a horse whose parentage is unknown, unidentifiable, or of significantly mixed breeding A domestic short-haired cat or domestic long-haired cat of no particular breed, colloquially called a "moggy" or "moggie" in some dialects
Doctor Spectrum	Doctor Spectrum is the name of several fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. There have been five versions of the character to date—three supervillains from the mainstream Marvel Universe belonging to the team Squadron Sinister (Earth-616) and two heroes from different alternate universes. The two heroes each belong to a version of the team Squadron Supreme, the Squadron Supreme of Earth-712 and the Squadron Supreme of Earth-31916 respectively). Doctor Spectrum is a pastiche of DC's Green Lantern.
BBCH-scale (peanut)	In biology, the BBCH-scale for peanut describes the phenological development of peanuts using the BBCH-scale.
Riemann–von Mangoldt formula	In mathematics, the Riemann–von Mangoldt formula, named for Bernhard Riemann and Hans Carl Friedrich von Mangoldt, describes the distribution of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function. The formula states that the number N(T) of zeros of the zeta function with imaginary part greater than 0 and less than or equal to T satisfies log log ⁡T). The formula was stated by Riemann in his notable paper "On the Number of Primes Less Than a Given Magnitude" (1859) and was finally proved by Mangoldt in 1905. Backlund gives an explicit form of the error for all T > 2: log 0.137 log 0.443 log log 4.350 . Under the Lindelöf and Riemann hypotheses the error term can be improved to log ⁡T) and log log log ⁡T) respectively.Similarly, for any primitive Dirichlet character χ modulo q, we have log log ⁡qT), where N(T,χ) denotes the number of zeros of L(s,χ) with imaginary part between -T and T.
Block floating point	Block floating point (BFP) is a method used to provide an arithmetic approaching floating point while using a fixed-point processor. BFP assigns a group of significands (the non-exponent part of the floating-point number) to a single exponent, rather than single significand being assigned its own exponent. BFP can be advantageous to limit space use in hardware to perform the same functions as floating-point algorithms, by reusing the exponent; some operations over multiple values between blocks can also be done with a reduced amount of computation.The common exponent is found by data with the largest amplitude in the block. To find the value of the exponent, the number of leading zeros must be found (count leading zeros). For this to be done, the number of left shifts needed for the data must be normalized to the dynamic range of the processor used. Some processors have means to find this out themselves, such as exponent detection and normalization instructions.Block floating-point algorithms were extensively studied by James Hardy Wilkinson.BFP can be recreated in software for smaller performance gains.
Floppy eyelid syndrome	Floppy eyelid syndrome is a disease whose most prominent features often include floppy upper eyelids that can be easily everted, as well as papillary conjunctivitis. It is often associated with patients with high body mass index and obstructive sleep apnea. Floppy eyelid syndrome is thought to revolve around the upregulation of elastin-degrading enzymes, as well as mechanical factors. These can cause instability of the eyelid scaffold, resulting in the malposition of the eyelid.
UMLsec	UMLsec is an extension to the Unified Modelling Language for integrating security related information in UML specifications. This information can be used for model based security engineering. Most security information is added using stereotypes and cover many security properties including secure information flow, confidentiality and access control. Using an attacker model these properties can be checked on a model level.
Scilab Image Processing	SIP is a toolbox for processing images in Scilab. SIP is meant to be a free, complete, and useful image toolbox for Scilab. Its goals include tasks such as filtering, blurring, edge detection, thresholding, histogram manipulation, segmentation, mathematical morphology, and color image processing. Though SIP is still in early development it can currently import and output image files in many formats including BMP, JPEG, GIF, PNG, TIFF, XPM, and PCX. SIP uses ImageMagick to accomplish this. SIP is licensed under the GPL.
Lingonberry juice	Lingonberry juice is juice made of lingonberries. Lingonberry juice does not need preservatives like other juices as lingonberries contain benzoic acid. Drinking lingonberry juice can reduce the risk for urinary tract infection, according to a study made by the University Hospital in Oulu, Finland.Vargtass is a cocktail made of vodka and lingonberry juice.
ProGuard	ProGuard is an open source command-line tool that shrinks, optimizes and obfuscates Java code. It is able to optimize bytecode as well as detect and remove unused instructions. ProGuard is free software and is distributed under the GNU General Public License, version 2.ProGuard was distributed as part of the Android SDK and ran when building the application in release mode.
Palmar carpal arch	The palmar carpal arch is a joining of an artery to an artery, a circulatory anastomosis, known as an arterio-arterial anastomosis. The two connected arteries are the palmar carpal branch of the radial artery and the palmar carpal branch of the ulnar artery. This anastomosis is joined by a branch from the anterior interosseous artery above, and by recurrent branches from the deep palmar arch below, thus forming a palmar carpal network which supplies the articulations of the wrist and carpus.
NA60 experiment	The NA60 experiment was a high energy heavy ions experiment at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. It studied "prompt dimuon and charm production with proton and heavy ion beams". The spokesperson for the experiment is Gianluca Usai. The experiment was proposed on 7 March 2000 and accepted on 15 June 2000. The experiment ran from October 2001 to 15 November 2004.
Sodablasting	Soda blasting is a mild form of abrasive blasting in which sodium bicarbonate particles are blasted against a surface using compressed air. It has a much milder abrasive effect than sandblasting. An early use was in the conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty in the 1980s.Soda blasting is a non-destructive method for many applications in cleaning, paint and varnish stripping, automotive restoration, industrial equipment maintenance, rust removal, graffiti removal, molecular steel passivation against rust, oil removal by saponification and translocation, masonry cleaning and restoration, soot remediation, boat hull cleaning and for food processing facilities and equipment and tooth cleaning at the dental laboratory.
Microcephalin	Microcephalin (MCPH1) is a gene that is expressed during fetal brain development. Certain mutations in MCPH1, when homozygous, cause primary microcephaly—a severely diminished brain. Hence, it has been assumed that variants have a role in brain development. However, in normal individuals no effect on mental ability or behavior has yet been demonstrated in either this or another similarly studied microcephaly gene, ASPM. However, an association has been established between normal variation in brain structure, as measured with MRI (i.e., primarily cortical surface area and total brain volume) but only in females, and common genetic variants within both the MCPH1 gene and another similarly studied microcephaly gene, CDK5RAP2.
Refinement type	In type theory, a refinement type is a type endowed with a predicate which is assumed to hold for any element of the refined type. Refinement types can express preconditions when used as function arguments or postconditions when used as return types: for instance, the type of a function which accepts natural numbers and returns natural numbers greater than 5 may be written as f:N→{n∈N\|n>5} . Refinement types are thus related to behavioral subtyping.
CrfA RNA	CrfA RNA (Caulobacter response to famine RNA) is a family of non-coding RNAs found in Caulobacter crescentus. CrfA is expressed upon carbon starvation and is thought to activate 27 genes. It was originally identified along with 26 other non-coding RNAs using a tiled Caulobacter microarray protocol specifically aimed at detecting small RNAs.CrfA RNA is one of only 8 putative ncRNAs conserved in the closely related Caulobacter sp. K31.
Short integer solution problem	Short integer solution (SIS) and ring-SIS problems are two average-case problems that are used in lattice-based cryptography constructions. Lattice-based cryptography began in 1996 from a seminal work by Miklós Ajtai who presented a family of one-way functions based on SIS problem. He showed that it is secure in an average case if the shortest vector problem SVPγ (where γ=nc for some constant c>0 ) is hard in a worst-case scenario.
Rotation	Rotation or rotational motion is the circular movement of an object around a central line, known as axis of rotation. A plane figure can rotate in either a clockwise or counterclockwise sense around a perpendicular axis intersecting anywhere inside or outside the figure at a center of rotation. A solid figure has an infinite number of possible axes and angles of rotation, including chaotic rotation (between arbitrary orientations), in contrast to rotation around a fixed axis.
Current Dental Terminology	Current Dental Terminology (CDT) is a code set with descriptive terms developed and updated by the American Dental Association (ADA) for reporting dental services and procedures to dental benefits plans. Prior to 2010 many of the codes were published by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) as HCPCS D-codes under arrangement with the ADA. Ownership and copyright of CDT remained with the ADA. In 2010 the ADA ended the CMS distribution of CDT codes, which can now be purchased from the ADA.For the year 2013, the ADA began publishing the CDT codes on an annual basis. There are new codes, revised codes and deleted codes in each annual edition and dental professionals must update these codes to maintain compliance with HIPAA regulations. In addition, payment to dental professionals is based on the CDT code(s) reported on the ADA Claim Form, so using the most current codes helps to maximize reimbursement and minimize audit liability.In the near future, dental professionals will be required to use diagnosis codes in support of the procedures and services they provide. The 2012 edition of the Dental Claim Form includes fields for diagnosis codes and instructions covering the use of the ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM coding systems. In addition to ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM there are other dental diagnostic coding systems under consideration, including SNODENT and EZCODES.
Post-traumatic amnesia	Post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) is a state of confusion that occurs immediately following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) in which the injured person is disoriented and unable to remember events that occur after the injury. The person may be unable to state their name, where they are, and what time it is. When continuous memory returns, PTA is considered to have resolved. While PTA lasts, new events cannot be stored in the memory. About a third of patients with mild head injury are reported to have "islands of memory", in which the patient can recall only some events. During PTA, the patient's consciousness is "clouded". Because PTA involves confusion in addition to the memory loss typical of amnesia, the term "post-traumatic confusional state" has been proposed as an alternative.There are two types of amnesia: retrograde amnesia (loss of memories that were formed shortly before the injury) and anterograde amnesia (problems with creating new memories after the injury has taken place). PTA may refer to only anterograde forms, or to both retrograde and anterograde forms.A common example in sports concussion is the quarterback who was able to conduct the complicated mental tasks of leading a football team after a concussion, but has no recollection the next day of the part of the game that took place after the injury. Individuals with retrograde amnesia may partially regain memory later, but memories are not regained with anterograde amnesia because they were not encoded properly.The term "post-traumatic amnesia" was first used in 1940 in a paper by Symonds to refer to the period between the injury and the return of full, continuous memory, including any time during which the patient was unconscious.
Colour banding	Colour banding is a subtle form of posterization in digital images, caused by the colour of each pixel being rounded to the nearest of the digital colour levels. While posterization is often done for artistic effect, colour banding is an undesired artifact. In 24-bit colour modes, 8 bits per channel is usually considered sufficient to render images in Rec. 709 or sRGB. However the eye can see the difference between the colour levels, especially when there is a sharp border between two large areas of adjacent color levels. This will happen with gradual gradients (like sunsets, dawns or clear blue skies), and also when blurring an image a large amount.
Postage stamp reprint	In philately a reprint is a new printing of a postage stamp from the original plates. A reprint is to be distinguished from a new print which is not printed from the original medium. A reprint may or may not be valid as postage.
Eli Jones	Eli Jones (1850–1933) was an American medical doctor who claimed to be able to treat cancer.
R package	R packages are extensions to the R statistical programming language. R packages contain code, data, and documentation in a standardised collection format that can be installed by users of R, typically via a centralised software repository such as CRAN (the Comprehensive R Archive Network). The large number of packages available for R, and the ease of installing and using them, has been cited as a major factor driving the widespread adoption of the language in data science.Compared to libraries in other programming language, R packages must conform to a relatively strict specification. The Writing R Extensions manual specifies a standard directory structure for R source code, data, documentation, and package metadata, which enables them to be installed and loaded using R's in-built package management tools. Packages distributed on CRAN must meet additional standards. According to John Chambers, whilst these requirements "impose considerable demands" on package developers, they improve the usability and long-term stability of packages for end users.
Direction determination	Direction determination refers to the ways in which a cardinal direction or compass point can be determined in navigation and wayfinding. The most direct method is using a compass (magnetic compass or gyrocompass), but indirect methods exist, based on the Sun path (unaided or by using a watch or sundial), the stars, and satellite navigation.
4H-Quinolizine	4H-Quinolizine is a heterocyclic compound with the formula C9H9N. The location of the ninth hydrogen atom defines the isomer as 4H-. The 2H-, 3H- isomers are also theoretically possible. None have been isolated, so these compounds remain of theoretical interest. These compounds structurally resemble quinoline but with nitrogen at one of the two ring fusion sites. Quinolizines feature tertiary amine at the bridge site. Although quinolizines are elusive, their saturated derivatives quinolizidines C9H17N are well known, being found in several alkaloids. Another class of stable derivatives are the quinolizinium cations C9H8N+, resulting from the formal removal of hydride from quinolizines.
Disfigurement	Disfigurement is the state of having one's appearance deeply and persistently harmed medically, such as from a disease, birth defect, or wound. General societal attitudes towards disfigurement have varied greatly across cultures and over time, with cultures possessing strong social stigma against it often causing psychological distress to disfigured individuals. Alternatively, many societies have regarded some forms of disfigurement in a medical, scientific context where someone having ill will against the disfigured is viewed as anathema. In various religious and spiritual contexts, disfigurement has been variously described as being a punishment from the divine for sin (such as Yahweh's defacement of Cain for Abel's murder in Judaism), as being (such as Paul of the New Testament's arguments about Christ's sufferings) caused by supernatural forces of hate and evil against the good and just, which will be later atoned for, or as being without explanation per se with people just having to endure.
ADETTI	ADETTI (Associação para o Desenvolvimento das Telecomunicações e Técnicas de Informática) is a non-profit research institution in Portugal. It was created in 1989, aiming at the development of Information and Communication Technologies, contributing to the advance of knowledge and science and the enhancement of quality in management, marketing and in Business Competitiveness. ADETTI is structured by organizational units called Research Lines, which have well defined research and development objectives. In ADETTI, several lecturers and professors of the Information Sciences and Technologies Department, of the Department of Marketing and of the Department of Management Sciences of ISCTE - Instituto Superior das Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa a public Business, Social and Technological Sciences University Institute in Lisbon, develop their Research activities.
Ribonuclease T2	Ribonuclease T2 (EC 3.1.27.1, acid ribonuclease, acid RNase, base-non-specific ribonuclease, Escherichia coli ribonuclease I' ribonuclease PP2, Escherichia coli ribonuclease II, non-base specific ribonuclease, nonbase-specific RNase, nonspecific RNase, ribonnuclease (non-base specific), ribonuclease (non-base specific), ribonuclease II, ribonuclease M, ribonuclease N2, ribonuclease PP3, ribonuclease U4, ribonucleate 3'-oligonucleotide hydrolase, ribonucleate nucleotido-2'-transferase (cyclizing), RNAase CL, RNase (non-base specific), RNase II, RNase M, RNase Ms, RNase T2, ) is an enzyme. It is a type of endoribonuclease. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction Two-stage endonucleolytic cleavage to nucleoside 3'-phosphates and 3'-phosphooligonucleotides with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates
Dermoid sinus	Dermoid sinus is thought to be a genetic skin condition in dogs. It is also known as pilonidal sinus. However, unlike pilonidal sinus in humans, the dermoid sinus in dogs is a neural tube defect. Dermoid sinus is sometimes also confused with dermoid cyst (a teratoma).
Strawberry delight	Strawberry delight is a dessert salad found in the United States, especially in the South and more rural areas of Minnesota. Strawberry delight is made from milk, whipped topping, cream cheese, strawberries and strawberry gelatin over a graham cracker crust. Variations include ingredients such as ice cream, canned fruit (mandarin oranges and pineapple can be used), marshmallows, lemon juice, and walnuts. The crust ingredients are mixed and pressed in a pan with the creamy ingredients mixed and added on top. Boiling water is added to the strawberry gelatin mix, strawberries are added to it, and then that mixture is poured over the creamy mixture in the pan, all of which is then refrigerated to set.The strawberry delight moniker is also used to refer to cookies, cakes, and other foods that have some of the same pinkish, sweet qualities. A soda fountain version with sponge cake and ice cream was featured in a 1922 edition of The Soda fountain newsletter.In Persian cuisine, strawberry delight (deser-e toot farangi) is made with berries dipped in liquified sugar flavored with vanilla and rosewater. Strawberries, walnut or almond oil, and powdered milk have also been suggested for a "strawberry delight" skin cream. The name Strawberry Delight has also been given to hosta (H. longipes X H. pycnophylla) and fuchsia. A version has also been featured in an Indonesian-English reader.
Christianson syndrome	Christianson syndrome is an X linked syndrome associated with intellectual disability, microcephaly, seizures, ataxia and absent speech.
Airlog	AIRLOG is a European Union FP7 project that was scheduled to run from 1 February 2012 to 31 January 2014. The aim of AIRLOG was to develop technology that would assist auditors of indoor air quality (IAQ) and educate the public about IAQ. AIRLOG was to also create an integrated platform for IAQ audit management. As such, the project was to provide best practice digital guide for the European Union.
Quinoline-4-carboxylate 2-oxidoreductase	In enzymology, a quinoline-4-carboxylate 2-oxidoreductase (EC 1.3.99.19) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction quinoline-4-carboxylate + acceptor + H2O ⇌ 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxylate + reduced acceptorThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are quinoline-4-carboxylate, acceptor, and H2O, whereas its two products are 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxylate and reduced acceptor. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-CH group of donor with other acceptors. The systematic name of this enzyme class is quinoline-4-carboxylate:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating). Other names in common use include quinaldic acid 4-oxidoreductase, and quinoline-4-carboxylate:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase (hydroxylating).
AND gate	The AND gate is a basic digital logic gate that implements logical conjunction (∧) from mathematical logic – AND gate behaves according to the truth table. A HIGH output (1) results only if all the inputs to the AND gate are HIGH (1). If not all inputs to the AND gate are HIGH, LOW output results. The function can be extended to any number of inputs.
Sawbuck	In woodworking, a sawbuck is a structure for holding wood so that it may be cut into pieces. Easily made in the field from rough material, it consists of an "X" form at each end which are joined by cross bars below the intersections of the X's. The wood to be cut is placed in the V's formed above the intersections of the X's.
PRX (gene)	Periaxin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRX gene.The PRX gene encodes L- and S-periaxin, proteins of myelinating Schwann cells, and is mutated in Dejerine–Sottas syndrome (MIM 145900) and Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 4F (MIM 145900).[supplied by OMIM]
Dual carbon battery	A dual carbon battery is a type of battery that uses graphite (or carbon) as both its cathode and anode material. Compared to lithium-ion batteries, dual-ion batteries (DIBs) require less energy and emit less CO2 during production, have a reduced reliance on critical materials such as Ni or Co, and are more easily recyclable.
Grass cloth	Grass cloth (China grass cloth, ) is an umbrella term for many handloom cloths made with yarns from several vegetable fibers such as hemp, ramie, nettle fiber, flax, etc. Grass cloth has its origin in East Asia. The cloth is more associated with the cottage industry in China.It is also known as '' Canton linen and Japanese grass cloth''
Voice Quality Symbols	Voice Quality Symbols (VoQS) are a set of phonetic symbols used to transcribe disordered speech for what in speech pathology is known as "voice quality". This phrase is usually synonymous with phonation in phonetics, but in speech pathology encompasses secondary articulation as well.
Phase curve (astronomy)	In astronomy, a phase curve describes the brightness of a reflecting body as a function of its phase angle (the arc subtended by the observer and the Sun as measured at the body). The brightness usually refers the object's absolute magnitude, which, in turn, is its apparent magnitude at a distance of one astronomical unit from the Earth and Sun.
Mark Krasnow	Mark A. Krasnow is a Professor of Biochemistry at Stanford University School of Medicine. He earned his B.S. in Biology and Chemistry from the University of Illinois in 1978, his Ph.D. in biochemistry in 1983, and his M.D. in 1985 from The University of Chicago under the guidance of Nicholas R. Cozzarelli. He did his postdoctoral work on the Ultrabithorax gene with David Hogness at Stanford University. He has been a professor at Stanford since 1988 and is currently the chair of the program. His research is focused on understanding the molecular, genetic, and cellular mechanisms of tracheal development using drosophila and mice. He has been a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) investigator since 1997 and is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He has been elected as the National Academy of Medicine in 2016, and the National Academy of Sciences in 2019.
Compilation film	A compilation film, or compilation movie is a film composed of scenes and shots taken from two or more prior films and edited together so as to make a new film, whether on the same or a different subject. The most common example would be a documentary film on an historical event composed of footage from various newsreels and other film documentaries on the same subject. New footage and/or a new soundtrack may also be included in a compilation film, but the compiled, older footage makes up the majority of its principal material. Compilation film does not include, however, a simple editing together of several short films, complete in themselves and distinguished as such from each others, which should be considered as film anthologies.
LogitBoost	In machine learning and computational learning theory, LogitBoost is a boosting algorithm formulated by Jerome Friedman, Trevor Hastie, and Robert Tibshirani. The original paper casts the AdaBoost algorithm into a statistical framework. Specifically, if one considers AdaBoost as a generalized additive model and then applies the cost function of logistic regression, one can derive the LogitBoost algorithm.
Tacamahac	Tacamahac is the name of medicinal resins, now little used, obtained from several plant sources including Calophyllum tacamahaca and Calophyllum inophyllum. The word has sometimes been regarded, apparently wrongly, as a synonym of balm of Gilead.
Pauli group	In physics and mathematics, the Pauli group G1 on 1 qubit is the 16-element matrix group consisting of the 2 × 2 identity matrix I and all of the Pauli matrices X=σ1=(0110),Y=σ2=(0−ii0),Z=σ3=(100−1) ,together with the products of these matrices with the factors ±1 and ±i :G1=def{±I,±iI,±X,±iX,±Y,±iY,±Z,±iZ}≡⟨X,Y,Z⟩ .The Pauli group is generated by the Pauli matrices, and like them it is named after Wolfgang Pauli.
Panel data	In statistics and econometrics, panel data and longitudinal data are both multi-dimensional data involving measurements over time. Panel data is a subset of longitudinal data where observations are for the same subjects each time.
Lemma (psycholinguistics)	In psychology, a lemma (PL: lemmas or lemmata) is an abstract conceptual form of a word that has been mentally selected for utterance in the early stages of speech production. A lemma represents a specific meaning but does not have any specific sounds that are attached to it.
Myrmecology	Myrmecology (; from Greek: μύρμηξ, myrmex, "ant" and λόγος, logos, "study") is a branch of entomology focusing on the scientific study of ants. Some early myrmecologists considered ant society as the ideal form of society and sought to find solutions to human problems by studying them. Ants continue to be a model of choice for the study of questions on the evolution of social systems because of their complex and varied forms of eusociality (social organization). Their diversity and prominence in ecosystems also has made them important components in the study of biodiversity and conservation. Recently, ant colonies are also studied and modeled for their relevance in machine learning, complex interactive networks, stochasticity of encounter and interaction networks, parallel computing, and other computing fields.
Cyranoid	Cyranoids are "people who do not speak thoughts originating in their own central nervous system: Rather, the words they speak originate in the mind of another person who transmits these words to the cyranoid by radio transmission".
S-matrix	In physics, the S-matrix or scattering matrix relates the initial state and the final state of a physical system undergoing a scattering process. It is used in quantum mechanics, scattering theory and quantum field theory (QFT).
Tonk (card game)	Tonk, or tunk, is a matching card game, which combines features of knock rummy and conquian. Tonk is a relatively fast-paced game that can be played by 2-4 players. It can be played for just points or for money wagered. It was popular with blues and jazz musicians in southern Louisiana in the 1930s, including Duke Ellington's orchestra, and was played during breaks in the back rooms of bars and saloons. It has been played in military barracks to the battlefield and In many other places it has become a popular pastime for workers while on their lunch breaks.
Udo Frese	Udo Frese is assistant professor at the University of Bremen and leads the group for real time computer vision. He is also affiliated with the German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Bremen. He received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Erlangen–Nuremberg where he studied different aspects of the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem. He developed two successful mapping system: TreeMap and Multi-Level Relaxation (MLR). Additionally, he is working in the field of safety algorithms for robots including areas such as collision avoidance. Together with Cyrill Stachniss and Giorgio Grisetti he is a co-founder of the open source SLAM repository called OpenSLAM.org.
Feigned madness	"Feigned madness" is a phrase used in popular culture to describe the assumption of a mental disorder for the purposes of evasion, deceit or the diversion of suspicion. In some cases, feigned madness may be a strategy—in the case of court jesters, an institutionalised one—by which a person acquires a privilege to violate taboos on speaking unpleasant, socially unacceptable, or dangerous truths.
Characteristic equation (calculus)	In mathematics, the characteristic equation (or auxiliary equation) is an algebraic equation of degree n upon which depends the solution of a given nth-order differential equation or difference equation. The characteristic equation can only be formed when the differential or difference equation is linear and homogeneous, and has constant coefficients. Such a differential equation, with y as the dependent variable, superscript (n) denoting nth-derivative, and an, an − 1, ..., a1, a0 as constants, any(n)+an−1y(n−1)+⋯+a1y′+a0y=0, will have a characteristic equation of the form anrn+an−1rn−1+⋯+a1r+a0=0 whose solutions r1, r2, ..., rn are the roots from which the general solution can be formed. Analogously, a linear difference equation of the form yt+n=b1yt+n−1+⋯+bnyt has characteristic equation rn−b1rn−1−⋯−bn=0, discussed in more detail at Linear recurrence with constant coefficients#Solution to homogeneous case.
Backsliding	Backsliding, also known as falling away or described as "committing apostasy", is a term used within Evangelical Christianity to describe a process by which an individual who has converted to Christianity reverts to pre-conversion habits and/or lapses or falls into sin, when a person turns from God to pursue their own desire. To revert to sin or wrongdoing, especially in religious practice, someone lapses into previous undesirable patterns of behavior. To be faithful, thus to believe backsliding is a reversion, in principle upholds the Apostle Paul’s condition in salvation: "If you declare with your mouth, “Jesus is Lord,” and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved." Romans 10:9 (TNIV).
Tributyltin oxide	Tributyltin oxide (TBTO) is an organotin compound chiefly used as a biocide (fungicide and molluscicide), especially a wood preservative. Its chemical formula is [(C4H9)3Sn]2O. It is a colorless viscous liquid. It is poorly soluble in water (20 ppm) but highly soluble in organic solvents. It is a potent skin irritant. Historically, tributyltin oxide's biggest application was as a marine anti-biofouling agent. Concerns over toxicity of these compounds have led to a worldwide ban by the International Maritime Organization. It is now considered a severe marine pollutant and a Substance of Very High Concern by the EU. Today, it is mainly used in wood preservation
Cytochrome-c3 hydrogenase	In enzymology, a cytochrome-c3 hydrogenase (EC 1.12.2.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 2 H2 + ferricytochrome c3 ⇌ 4 H+ + ferrocytochrome c3Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are H2 and ferricytochrome c3, whereas its two products are H+ and ferrocytochrome c3. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on hydrogen as donor with a cytochrome as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is hydrogen:ferricytochrome-c3 oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include H2:ferricytochrome c3 oxidoreductase, cytochrome c3 reductase, cytochrome hydrogenase, and hydrogenase [ambiguous]. It has 3 cofactors: iron, Nickel, and Iron-sulfur.
Design for assembly	Design for assembly (DFA) is a process by which products are designed with ease of assembly in mind. If a product contains fewer parts it will take less time to assemble, thereby reducing assembly costs. In addition, if the parts are provided with features which make it easier to grasp, move, orient and insert them, this will also reduce assembly time and assembly costs. The reduction of the number of parts in an assembly has the added benefit of generally reducing the total cost of parts in the assembly. This is usually where the major cost benefits of the application of design for assembly occur. Critics of DFA from within industry argue that DFA/DFM is simply a new term for something that has existed as long as manufacturing itself, and is otherwise known as engineering design.
EPC Groupe	EPC Groupe (Explosifs Produits Chimiques S.A.) is a French multinational company that trades in explosives and drilling; It is one of the world’s leaders in explosives manufacture, storage and distribution and in particular drilling and blasting.
Green Power Usage Effectiveness	Green Power Usage Effectiveness (GPUE) is a proposed measurement of both how much sustainable energy a computer data center uses, its carbon footprint per usable kilowatt hour (kWh) and it uses its power; specifically, how much of the power is actually used by the computing equipment (in contrast to cooling and other overhead). It is an addition to the power usage effectiveness (PUE) definition and was first proposed by Greenqloud.The Green Grid has developed the Power Usage Effectiveness metric or PUE to measure a data centers' effectiveness of getting power to IT equipment. What the PUE tells in simple terms is how much extra energy is needed for each usable kWh for the IT equipment due to the power going into cooling, power loss etc. and it's a simple formula (in theory): PUE = Total Facility Power/IT Equipment Power The PUE can change depending on where measurements are made, when they are made and the timespan the measurements are made in.
HD 89744 b	HD 89744 b is an eccentric Jupiter extrasolar planet orbiting the star HD 89744.In a simulation of a 10 million year span, this planet swept away all test particles "except for a narrow region near the 8:3 resonance". There can be no planets in this star's habitable zone. Observation has ruled out any planet over 0.7 Jupiter mass within a year period.
FARS2	Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial (FARS2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FARS2 gene. This protein encoded by FARS2 localizes to the mitochondrion and plays a role in mitochondrial protein translation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 14, also known as Alpers encephalopathy, as well as spastic paraplegia 77 and infantile-onset epilepsy and cytochrome c oxidase deficiency.
RCS-8	RCS-8 (also known as 1-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-3-(2-methoxyphenylacetyl)indole, SR-18, and BTM-8) is a synthetic cannabinoid that has been found as an ingredient of "herbal" synthetic cannabis blends. It can be described as an analogue of JWH-250 with the 1-pentyl group replaced by 1-(2-cyclohexylethyl), and can be expected to be less potent than JWH-250 (cf. JWH-007 and its cyclohexylethyl analogue). Despite not having been reported in the scientific or patent literature as yet, reputed recreational use of RCS-8 in the United States has led to it being specifically listed in a proposed 2011 amendment to the Controlled Substances Act, aiming to add a number of synthetic drugs into Schedule I. In addition, all CB1 receptor agonists of the 3-phenylacetylindole class such as RCS-8 are Schedule I Controlled Substances.
International Conference on Automated Reasoning with Analytic Tableaux and Related Methods	The International Conference on Automated Reasoning with Analytic Tableaux and Related Methods (TABLEAUX) is an annual international academic conference that deals with all aspects of automated reasoning with analytic tableaux. Periodically, it joins with CADE and TPHOLs into the International Joint Conference on Automated Reasoning (IJCAR). The first table convened in 1992. Since 1995, the proceedings of this conference have been published by Springer's LNAI series.
Well-quasi-ordering	In mathematics, specifically order theory, a well-quasi-ordering or wqo on a set X is a quasi-ordering of X for which every infinite sequence of elements x0,x1,x2,… from X contains an increasing pair xi≤xj with i<j.
Locality (linguistics)	In linguistics, locality refers to the proximity of elements in a linguistic structure. Constraints on locality limit the span over which rules can apply to a particular structure. Theories of transformational grammar use syntactic locality constraints to explain restrictions on argument selection, syntactic binding, and syntactic movement.
Self-locking device	Self-locking devices are devices intended to arrest the fall of solo climbers who climb without partners. This device is used for rope solo climbing, for "ground-up climbing", and for "top rope solo climbing". To date, several types of self-locking devices have evolved.
Tote board	A tote board (or totalisator/totalizator) is a numeric or alphanumeric display used to convey information, typically at a race track (to display the odds or payoffs for each horse) or at a telethon (to display the total amount donated to the charitable organization sponsoring the event).
Jab	A jab is a type of punch used in martial arts. Several variations of the jab exist, but every jab shares these characteristics: while in a fighting stance, the lead fist is thrown straight ahead and the arm is fully extended from the side of the torso. This process also involves a quick turn of the torso. It is an overhand punch; at the moment of impact, the pronated fist is generally held in a horizontal orientation with the palm facing the ground.
Rankine vortex	The Rankine vortex is a simple mathematical model of a vortex in a viscous fluid. It is named after its discoverer, William John Macquorn Rankine.
Cytodeme	The Cytodeme is the total assembly of organisms that use an identical suite of chromosomes to carry their genes. The term was first printed in the 1950s in a book by Heslop-Harrison. Discussing the Deme Terminology - he continued "cytodeme, a population differing in some distinctive cytological feature from others." In most cases the suite is composed of several pairs of homologous chromosomes with or without a pair of sex chromosomes. Since the only acceptable proof of the identity (homology) of chromosomes lies in their ability to pair fully from end to end during meiosis it follows that: In asexual taxa membership of a cytodeme can only be presumed on such evidence as visual similarity of chromosomal ideotype, but never proved.
Filtration (probability theory)	In the theory of stochastic processes, a subdiscipline of probability theory, filtrations are totally ordered collections of subsets that are used to model the information that is available at a given point and therefore play an important role in the formalization of random (stochastic) processes.
Tachykinin receptor 2	Substance-K receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TACR2 gene.
Design flow (EDA)	Design flows are the explicit combination of electronic design automation tools to accomplish the design of an integrated circuit. Moore's law has driven the entire IC implementation RTL to GDSII design flows from one which uses primarily stand-alone synthesis, placement, and routing algorithms to an integrated construction and analysis flows for design closure. The challenges of rising interconnect delay led to a new way of thinking about and integrating design closure tools.
Atavism	In biology, an atavism is a modification of a biological structure whereby an ancestral genetic trait reappears after having been lost through evolutionary change in previous generations. Atavisms can occur in several ways, one of which is when genes for previously existing phenotypic features are preserved in DNA, and these become expressed through a mutation that either knocks out the dominant genes for the new traits or makes the old traits dominate the new one. A number of traits can vary as a result of shortening of the fetal development of a trait (neoteny) or by prolongation of the same. In such a case, a shift in the time a trait is allowed to develop before it is fixed can bring forth an ancestral phenotype. Atavisms are often seen as evidence of evolution.In social sciences, atavism is the tendency of reversion. For example, people in the modern era reverting to the ways of thinking and acting of a former time.
Permissive action link	A permissive action link (PAL) is an access control security device for nuclear weapons. Its purpose is to prevent unauthorized arming or detonation of a nuclear weapon. The United States Department of Defense definition is: A device included in or attached to a nuclear weapon system to preclude arming and/or launching until the insertion of a prescribed discrete code or combination. It may include equipment and cabling external to the weapon or weapon system to activate components within the weapon or weapon system.
Transitional cell carcinoma	Transitional cell carcinoma, also called urothelial carcinoma, is a type of cancer that typically occurs in the urinary system. It is the most common type of bladder cancer and cancer of the ureter, urethra, and urachus. It accounts for 95% of bladder cancer cases.It is the second most common type of kidney cancer, but accounts for only five to 10 percent of all primary renal malignant tumors.Transitional cell carcinomas arise from the transitional epithelium, a tissue lining the inner surface of these hollow organs.When the term "urothelial" is used, it specifically refers to a carcinoma of the urothelium, meaning a transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary system.
Random wire antenna	A random wire antenna is a radio antenna consisting of a long wire suspended above the ground, whose length does not bear a particular relation to the wavelength of the radio waves used, but is typically chosen more for convenient fit between the available supports, or the length of wire at hand, rather than selecting length to be resonant on any particular frequency. The wire may be straight or it may be strung back and forth between trees or walls just to get enough wire into the air. Due to the great variability of the (unplanned) antenna structure, effectiveness can vary wildly from one installation to another. Random wire antennas are typically fed at one end against a suitable counterpoise (such as earth ground).
Respiratory burst	Respiratory burst (or oxidative burst) is the rapid release of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion (O−2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), from different cell types. This is usually utilised for mammalian immunological defence, but also plays a role in cell signalling. Respiratory burst is also implicated in the ovum of animals following fertilization. It may also occur in plant cells.
Entertaining Father Stone	"Entertaining Father Stone" is the second episode of Channel 4 sitcom Father Ted. Arthur Mathews introduces this episode by stating that the idea for Father Stone came from a 'friend' of a friend who stayed with the friend for his holidays and used to cheat at golf. This person had the ability to dominate and ruin the atmosphere of a room.
Witness (mathematics)	In mathematical logic, a witness is a specific value t to be substituted for variable x of an existential statement of the form ∃x φ(x) such that φ(t) is true.
Decrepit car	A decrepit car is a car that is often old and damaged and is in a barely functional state. There are many slang terms used to describe such cars, such as jalopy, beater, clunker, and hooptie, the most popular being junk car.Age, neglect, and damage tend to increase the expense of maintaining a vehicle. The vehicle may reach a point where this expense would be considered to outweigh the value of keeping it. Such vehicles are generally stripped for parts or abandoned. However, abandoning a vehicle on the road as a parked car is illegal in many jurisdictions and if a vehicle remains parked, the local authority commonly tows it to the scrapyard. Some owners choose to keep the vehicle. These old, neglected, and oftentimes barely functional cars have been used not only for transport, but also as racing vehicles. Their use has earned them a place in popular culture.
Mecillinam	Mecillinam (INN) or amdinocillin (USAN) is an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic of the amidinopenicillin class that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria. It is used primarily in the treatment of urinary tract infections, and has also been used to treat typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Because mecillinam has very low oral bioavailability, an orally active prodrug was developed: pivmecillinam.
Microcosm–macrocosm analogy	The microcosm–macrocosm analogy (or, equivalently, macrocosm–microcosm analogy) refers to a historical view which posited a structural similarity between the human being (the microcosm, i.e., the small order or the small universe) and the cosmos as a whole (the macrocosm, i.e., the great order or the great universe). Given this fundamental analogy, truths about the nature of the cosmos as a whole may be inferred from truths about human nature, and vice versa.One important corollary of this view is that the cosmos as a whole may be considered to be alive, and thus to have a mind or soul (the world soul), a position advanced by Plato in his Timaeus. Moreover, this cosmic mind or soul was often thought to be divine, most notably by the Stoics and those who were influenced by them, such as the authors of the Hermetica. Hence, it was sometimes inferred that the human mind or soul was divine in nature as well.
Land navigation	Land navigation is the discipline of following a route through unfamiliar terrain on foot or by vehicle, using maps with reference to terrain, a compass, and other navigational tools. It is distinguished from travel by traditional groups, such as the Tuareg across the Sahara and the Inuit across the Arctic, who use subtle cues to travel across familiar, yet minimally differentiated terrain. Land navigation is a core military discipline, which uses courses that are an essential part of military training. Often, these courses are several miles long in rough terrain and are performed under adverse conditions, such as at night or in the rain.In the late 19th century, land navigation developed into the sport of orienteering. The earliest use of the term 'orienteering' appears to be in 1886. Nordic military garrisons began orienteering competitions in 1895.
Symmetrical double-sided two-way ranging	In radio technology, symmetrical double-sided two-way ranging (SDS-TWR) is a ranging method that uses two delays that naturally occur in signal transmission to determine the range between two stations: Signal propagation delay between two wireless devices Processing delay of acknowledgements within a wireless deviceThis method is called symmetrical double-sided two-way ranging, because: It is symmetrical in that the measurements from station A to station B are a mirror-image of the measurements from station B to station A (ABA to BAB).
Radar ornithology	Radar ornithology is the use of radar technology in studies of bird migration and in approaches to prevent bird strikes particularly to aircraft. The technique was developed from the observations of pale wisps seen moving on radar during the Second World War. These were termed as "angels", "ghosts", or "phantoms" in Britain and were later identified as being caused by migrating birds. Over time, the technology has been vastly improved with Doppler weather radars that allow the detection of birds, bats, as well as insects with resolution and sensitivity that is sufficient to quantify the speed of flaps that can sometimes aid in the identification of species.
BMW GINA	The GINA Light Visionary Model is a fabric-skinned shape-shifting sports car concept built by BMW. GINA stands for "Geometry and functions In 'N' Adaptions". It was designed by a team led by BMW's head of design, Chris Bangle, who says GINA allowed his team to "challenge existing principles and conventional processes." Other designers include Anders Warming.Construction began in 2001, with the finished car being presented in 2008.

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