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Bullseye (character)	Bullseye is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by Marv Wolfman and John Romita Sr. A psychopathic assassin, Bullseye uses the opportunities afforded by his line of work to exercise his homicidal tendencies and to work out his own personal vendetta against Daredevil. He is also an enemy of the Punisher. Although he possesses no superpowers, Bullseye is able to use almost any object as a lethal projectile, be it weapons like shuriken and sai or seemingly harmless objects like playing cards and pencils. His marksmanship is uncanny, at a nearly supernatural level.
Environmental suit	An environmental suit is a suit designed specifically for a particular environment, usually one otherwise hostile to humans. An environment suit is typically a one-piece garment, and many types also feature a helmet or other covering for the head. Where the surrounding environment is especially dangerous the suit is completely sealed.
Erb's palsy	Erb's palsy is a paralysis of the arm caused by injury to the upper group of the arm's main nerves, specifically the severing of the upper trunk C5–C6 nerves. These form part of the brachial plexus, comprising the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5–C8 and thoracic nerve T1. These injuries arise most commonly, but not exclusively, from shoulder dystocia during a difficult birth. Depending on the nature of the damage, the paralysis can either resolve on its own over a period of months, necessitate rehabilitative therapy, or require surgery.
Pre-shared key	In cryptography, a pre-shared key (PSK) is a shared secret which was previously shared between the two parties using some secure channel before it needs to be used.
Style sheet language	A style sheet language, or style language, is a computer language that expresses the presentation of structured documents. One attractive feature of structured documents is that the content can be reused in many contexts and presented in various ways. Different style sheets can be attached to the logical structure to produce different presentations. One modern style sheet language with widespread use is Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), which is used to style documents written in HTML, XHTML, SVG, XUL, and other markup languages.
Lists of avant-garde films	This is chronological list of avant-garde and experimental films split by decade. Often there may be considerable overlap particularly between avant-garde/experimental and other genres (including, documentaries, fantasy, and science fiction films); the list should attempt to document films which are more closely related to the avant-garde, even if it bends genres.
Dimethyl methylphosphonate	Dimethyl methylphosphonate is an organophosphorus compound with the chemical formula CH3PO(OCH3)2. It is a colourless liquid, which is primarily used as a flame retardant.
SCSI check condition	In computer terminology, a Check Condition occurs when a SCSI device needs to report an error. SCSI communication takes place between an initiator and a target. The initiator sends a command to the target which then responds. SCSI commands are sent in a Command Descriptor Block (CDB). At the end of the command the target returns a Status Code byte which is usually 00h for success, 02h for a Check Condition (error), or 08h for busy. When the target returns a Check Condition in response to a command, the initiator usually then issues a SCSI Request Sense command in order to obtain more information. During the time between the reporting of a Check Condition and the issuing of a Request Sense command, the target is in a special state called a Contingent Allegiance Condition.
Golaem	Golaem is a France-based software developer of solutions dedicated to the population of 3D environments using autonomous human-like characters. Golaem was created in 2009 in Rennes by researchers and engineers from INRIA, a major French research center, leveraging on 15 years of research on the modeling and simulation of human characters.This company is known for working with major movie studios, TV series and firms for TV commercials. It notably worked for : Asterix and Obelix: God Save Britannia, Hercules, Game of Thrones, Breaking Bad, The Walking Dead, Once Upon a Time, Warm bodies, Orange S.A., Peugeot, Nike, Nissan, Paco Rabanne, Electronic Arts, T-Mobile or Honda
Mixtilinear incircles of a triangle	In geometry, a mixtilinear incircle of a triangle is a circle tangent to two of its sides and internally tangent to its circumcircle. The mixtilinear incircle of a triangle tangent to the two sides containing vertex A is called the A -mixtilinear incircle. Every triangle has three unique mixtilinear incircles, one corresponding to each vertex.
Bumper pool	Bumper pool is a cue sport played on a rectangular (or sometimes octagonal) table fitted with two pockets and an array of fixed cushioned obstacles, called bumpers, within the interior of the table surface.
LTT 3780	LTT 3780, also known as TOI-732 or LP 729-54, is the primary of the binary stellar system LDS 3977 in the constellation Hydra.
Compulsive decluttering	Compulsive decluttering is a pattern of behaviour that is characterised by an excessive desire to discard objects from one's home and living areas. Another term for this behaviour is obsessive compulsive spartanism. The homes of compulsive declutterers are often empty. It is the opposite of compulsive hoarding.
Tailplane	A tailplane, also known as a horizontal stabiliser, is a small lifting surface located on the tail (empennage) behind the main lifting surfaces of a fixed-wing aircraft as well as other non-fixed-wing aircraft such as helicopters and gyroplanes. Not all fixed-wing aircraft have tailplanes. Canards, tailless and flying wing aircraft have no separate tailplane, while in V-tail aircraft the vertical stabiliser, rudder, and the tail-plane and elevator are combined to form two diagonal surfaces in a V layout.
Nicotinate N-methyltransferase	In enzymology, a nicotinate N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.7) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction S-adenosyl-L-methionine + nicotinate ⇌ S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methylnicotinateThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and nicotinate, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and N-methylnicotinate. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:nicotinate N-methyltransferase. Other names in common use include furanocoumarin 8-methyltransferase, and furanocoumarin 8-O-methyltransferase. This enzyme participates in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism.
Perfusionist	A cardiovascular perfusionist, clinical perfusionist or perfusiologist, and occasionally a cardiopulmonary bypass doctor or clinical perfusion scientist, is a healthcare professional who operates the cardiopulmonary bypass machine (heart–lung machine) during cardiac surgery and other surgeries that require cardiopulmonary bypass to manage the patient's physiological status. As a member of the cardiovascular surgical team, the perfusionist also known as the clinical perfusionist helps maintain blood flow to the body's tissues as well as regulate levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, using a heart–lung machine.
Tietze's graph	In the mathematical field of graph theory, Tietze's graph is an undirected cubic graph with 12 vertices and 18 edges.
HCV in children and pregnancy	Infections of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in children and pregnant women are less understood than those in other adults. Worldwide, the prevalence of HCV infection in pregnant women and children has been estimated to 1-8% and 0.05-5% respectively. The vertical transmission rate has been estimated to be 3-5% and there is a high rate of spontaneous clearance (25-50%) in the children. Higher rates have been reported for both vertical transmission (18%, 6-36% and 41%). and prevalence in children (15%).In developed countries, transmission around the time of birth is now the leading cause of HCV infection. In the absence of virus in the mother's blood, transmission seems to be rare. Factors associated with an increased rate of infection include membrane rupture of longer than 6 hours before delivery and procedures exposing the infant to maternal blood. Cesarean sections are not recommended. Breastfeeding is considered safe if the nipples are not damaged. Infection around the time of birth in one child does not increase the risk in a subsequent pregnancy. All genotypes appear to have the same risk of transmission.
Martian scientist	A Martian scientist or Martian researcher is a hypothetical Martian frequently used in thought experiments as an outside observer of conditions on Earth. The most common variety is the Martian anthropologist, but Martians researching subjects such as philosophy, linguistics and biology have also been invoked. The following extract from an essay by Richard Dawkins is more or less typical.
Broadcast relay station	A broadcast relay station, also known as a satellite station, relay transmitter, broadcast translator (U.S.), re-broadcaster (Canada), repeater (two-way radio) or complementary station (Mexico), is a broadcast transmitter which repeats (or transponds) the signal of a radio or television station to an area not covered by the originating station. It expands the broadcast range of a television or radio station beyond the primary signal's original coverage or improves service in the original coverage area. The stations may be (but are not usually) used to create a single-frequency network. They may also be used by an AM or FM radio station to establish a presence on the other band.
Ahead-of-time compilation	In computer science, ahead-of-time compilation (AOT compilation) is the act of compiling an (often) higher-level programming language into an (often) lower-level language before execution of a program, usually at build-time, to reduce the amount of work needed to be performed at run time.
Ear clearing	Ear clearing or clearing the ears or equalization is any of various maneuvers to equalize the pressure in the middle ear with the outside pressure, by letting air enter along the Eustachian tubes, as this does not always happen automatically when the pressure in the middle ear is lower than the outside pressure. This need can arise in scuba diving, freediving/spearfishing, skydiving, fast descent in an aircraft, fast descent in a mine cage, and being put into pressure in a caisson or similar pressure-bearing structure, or sometimes even simply travelling at fast speeds in an automobile.Normally the ears will clear automatically during a reduction in ambient pressure, but if they do not, a reverse squeeze may occur, which can also require clearing to avoid causing injury to the eardrum or inner ear.
Solar2D	Solar2D (formerly Corona SDK) is a free and open-source, cross-platform software development kit originally developed by Corona Labs Inc. and now maintained by Vlad Shcherban. Released in late 2009, it allows software programmers to build 2D mobile applications for iOS, Android, and Kindle, desktop applications for Windows, Linux and macOS, and connected TV applications for Apple TV, Fire TV and Android TV.Solar2D uses integrated Lua layered on top of C++/OpenGL to build graphic applications. The software has two operational modes: the Solar2D Simulator and Solar2D Native. With the Solar2D Simulator, apps are built directly from the Solar2D Simulator. Solar2D Native allows the integration of Lua code and assets within an Xcode or Android Studio project to build apps and include native features.
Chronic Respiratory Disease	Chronic Respiratory Disease is a quarterly peer-reviewed medical journal that covers research in the field of respiratory disease, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory failure, and obstructive sleep apnea. The editors-in-chief are Mike Morgan (Glenfield Hospital), Carolyn Rochester (Yale University), and Sally Singh (Glenfield Hospital). It was established in 2004 and is published by SAGE Publications.
Shark cartilage	Shark cartilage is a dietary supplement made from the dried and powdered cartilage of a shark; that is, from the tough material that composes a shark's skeleton. Shark cartilage is marketed under a variety of brand names, including Carticin, Cartilade, or BeneFin, and is marketed explicitly or implicitly as a treatment or preventive for various illnesses, including cancer.
Configuration Menu Language	Configuration Menu Language (CML) was used, in Linux kernel versions prior to 2.5.45, to configure the values that determine the composition and exact functionality of the kernel. Many possible variations in kernel functionality can exist; and customization is possible, for instance for the specifications of the exact hardware it will run on. It can also be tuned for administrator preferences.
5,N-Dimethyl-N-isopropyltryptamine	5,N-Dimethyl-N-isopropyltryptamine (5-Me-MiPT) is a tryptamine derivative that is thought to be a psychedelic drug. It was first made in 1989. In vitro binding experiments on brain homogenates showed it to have serotonin receptor binding affinity between that of MiPT and 5-MeO-MiPT, both of which are known to be active psychedelics in humans.
Animation	Animation is the method by which still images are manipulated to create moving images. In traditional animation, images are drawn or painted by hand on transparent celluloid sheets to be photographed and exhibited on film. Today, many animations are computer animations made with computer-generated imagery (CGI). Stop motion animation, in particular claymation, has continued to exist alongside these other forms. Animation is contrasted with live-action film, although the two do not exist in isolation. Many moviemakers have produced films that are a hybrid of the two. As CGI increasingly approximates photographic imagery, filmmakers can easily composite 3D animations into their film rather than using practical effects for showy visual effects (VFX).
Geospatial PDF	Geospatial PDF is a set of geospatial extensions to the Portable Document Format (PDF) 1.7 specification to include information that relates a region in the document page to a region in physical space — called georeferencing. A geospatial PDF can contain geometry such as points, lines, and polygons. These, for example, could represent building locations, road networks and city boundaries, respectively. The georeferencing metadata for geospatial PDF is most commonly encoded in one of two ways: the OGC best practice; and as Adobe's proposed geospatial extensions to ISO 32000. The specifications also allow geometry to have attributes, such as a name or identifying type.
Locked hands style	Locked hands style is a technique of chord voicing for the piano. Popularized by the jazz pianist George Shearing, it is a way to implement the "block chord" method of harmony on a keyboard instrument.
Wide Field Survey Telescope	Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST) is a Chinese telescope characterized by a 2.5-meter primary mirror. The telescope project was launched in 2017 by several research institutions including the University of Science and Technology of China and the Purple Mountain Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The telescope is to operate at six wavelength bands spanning from 320 to 1028 nm. The building of the telescope is scheduled to begin work in 2022.
Oncogenic osteomalacia	Oncogenic osteomalacia, also known as oncogenic hypophosphatemic osteomalacia, is an uncommon disorder resulting in increased renal phosphate excretion, hypophosphatemia and osteomalacia. It may be caused by a phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor.
AK-47 (cannabis)	AK-47, also known simply as AK, is a cannabis strain with high THC content. It is a hybrid strain of cannabis that is sativa-dominant; it mixes Colombian, Mexican, Thai, and Afghan strains. A strong and popular strain, it has won multiple cannabis industry awards. The plant genetics of AK-47 have been studied scientifically.
Zero-divisor graph	In mathematics, and more specifically in combinatorial commutative algebra, a zero-divisor graph is an undirected graph representing the zero divisors of a commutative ring. It has elements of the ring as its vertices, and pairs of elements whose product is zero as its edges.
Developmental cognitive neuroscience	Developmental cognitive neuroscience is an interdisciplinary scientific field devoted to understanding psychological processes and their neurological bases in the developing organism. It examines how the mind changes as children grow up, interrelations between that and how the brain is changing, and environmental and biological influences on the developing mind and brain.
Antitaenite	Antitaenite is a meteoritic metal alloy mineral composed of iron (Fe) and 20–40% nickel (Ni), (and traces of other elements) that has a face centered cubic crystal structure. There are three known Fe-Ni meteoritic minerals: kamacite, taenite, and tetrataenite.
NIM811	NIM811 is a mitochondrial permeability transition inhibitor. Also known as N-methyl-4-isoleucine cyclosporin, it is a four-substituted cyclosporine analogue that binds to cyclophilin, however this binary complex cannot bind to calcineurin, and therefore lacks immunosuppressive activity.
Connectedness locus	In one-dimensional complex dynamics, the connectedness locus of a parameterized family of one-variable holomorphic functions is a subset of the parameter space which consists of those parameters for which the corresponding Julia set is connected.
Wheat flour	Wheat flour is a powder made from the grinding of wheat used for human consumption. Wheat varieties are called "soft" or "weak" if gluten content is low, and are called "hard" or "strong" if they have high gluten content. Hard flour, or bread flour, is high in gluten, with 12% to 14% gluten content, and its dough has elastic toughness that holds its shape well once baked. Soft flour is comparatively low in gluten and thus results in a loaf with a finer, crumbly texture. Soft flour is usually divided into cake flour, which is the lowest in gluten, and pastry flour, which has slightly more gluten than cake flour.
Linux Network Administrator's Guide	The Linux Network Administrator's Guide is a book on setting up and running Unix networks. The first and second editions are freely available in electronic form under the GFDL. It was originally produced by Olaf Kirch and others as part of the Linux Documentation Project with help from O'Reilly. The second edition, from Terry Dawson, was released March 2000. The third edition of the guide was written by Tony Bautts, with assistance from Gregor N. Purdy in February 2005, but is not freely available like the previous two versions.
3-hydroxybenzoate 2-monooxygenase	In enzymology, a 3-hydroxybenzoate 2-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.99.23) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 3-hydroxybenzoate + AH2 + O2 ⇌ 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + A + H2OThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are 3-hydroxybenzoate, an electron acceptor AH2, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate, the reduction product A, and H2O.
Hydraulic intensifier	A hydraulic intensifier is a hydraulic machine for transforming hydraulic power at low pressure into a reduced volume at higher pressure.
Feral	A feral (from Latin fera 'a wild beast') animal or plant is one that lives in the wild but is descended from domesticated individuals. As with an introduced species, the introduction of feral animals or plants to non-native regions may disrupt ecosystems and has, in some cases, contributed to extinction of indigenous species. The removal of feral species is a major focus of island restoration.
Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl iridium dichloride dimer	Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl iridium dichloride dimer is an organometallic compound with the formula [(C5(CH3)5IrCl2)]2, commonly abbreviated [Cp*IrCl2]2 This bright orange air-stable diamagnetic solid is a reagent in organometallic chemistry.
Hip bone	The hip bone (os coxae, innominate bone, pelvic bone or coxal bone) is a large flat bone, constricted in the center and expanded above and below. In some vertebrates (including humans before puberty) it is composed of three parts: the ilium, ischium, and the pubis.
HD 176051	HD 176051 is a spectroscopic binary star system approximately 49 light years away from Earth in the constellation Lyra. The pair orbit with a period of 22,423 days (61.4 years) and an eccentricity of 0.25. Compared to the Sun, they have a somewhat lower proportion of elements more massive than helium. Their individual masses are estimated at 1.07 and 0.71 solar masses (M☉). The system is moving closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −47 km/s and will reach perihelion in about 269,000 years when it comes within roughly 17 ly (5.1 pc) of the Sun.
Grøstl	Grøstl is a cryptographic hash function submitted to the NIST hash function competition by Praveen Gauravaram, Lars Knudsen, Krystian Matusiewicz, Florian Mendel, Christian Rechberger, Martin Schläffer, and Søren S. Thomsen. Grøstl was chosen as one of the five finalists of the competition. It uses the same S-box as AES in a custom construction. The authors claim speeds of up to 21.4 cycles per byte on an Intel Core 2 Duo, and 9.6 cycles/byte on an Intel i7 with AES-NI.
Pasireotide	Pasireotide, sold under the brand name Signifor, is an orphan drug approved in the United States and the European Union for the treatment of Cushing's disease in patients who fail or are ineligible for surgical therapy. It was developed by Novartis. Pasireotide is a somatostatin analog with a 40-fold increased affinity to somatostatin receptor 5 compared to other somatostatin analogs.
Stomatal conductance	Stomatal conductance, usually measured in mmol m−2 s−1 by a porometer, estimates the rate of gas exchange (i.e., carbon dioxide uptake) and transpiration (i.e., water loss as water vapor) through the leaf stomata as determined by the degree of stomatal aperture (and therefore the physical resistances to the movement of gases between the air and the interior of the leaf).The stomatal conductance, or its inverse, stomatal resistance, is under the direct biological control of the leaf through its guard cells, which surround the stomatal pore. The turgor pressure and osmotic potential of guard cells are directly related to the stomatal conductance.
Sentinel (FBI)	Sentinel is a software case management system developed by the US FBI with the aim to replace digital and paper processes with purely digital workflows during investigations. There was a previous failed project called Virtual Case File.
Malonic anhydride	Malonic anhydride or oxetane-2,4-dione is an organic compound with chemical formula C3H2O3 or CH2(CO)2O. It can be viewed as the anhydride of malonic acid, or a double ketone of oxetane. Malonic anhydride was first synthesized in 1988 by ozonolysis of diketene. Some derivatives, such as 3,3-dimethyl-oxetane-2,4-dione, are known.
Tartan track	Tartan Track is a trademarked all-weather synthetic track surfacing made of polyurethane used for track and field competitions, manufactured by 3M. The original production was in 1967, and the product was later reformulated to eliminate the use of mercury. Relative to some other surfaces, it lets athletes compete in bad weather without serious performance loss and improves their results over other surfaces. It also provides a more consistent surface for competition even under optimum weather. Similar tracks have become the standard for most elite competitions.
Dryland farming	Dryland farming and dry farming encompass specific agricultural techniques for the non-irrigated cultivation of crops. Dryland farming is associated with drylands, areas characterized by a cool wet season (which charges the soil with virtually all the moisture that the crops will receive prior to harvest) followed by a warm dry season. They are also associated with arid conditions, areas prone to drought and those having scarce water resources.
Sense amplifier	In modern computer memory, a sense amplifier is one of the elements which make up the circuitry on a semiconductor memory chip (integrated circuit); the term itself dates back to the era of magnetic core memory. A sense amplifier is part of the read circuitry that is used when data is read from the memory; its role is to sense the low power signals from a bitline that represents a data bit (1 or 0) stored in a memory cell, and amplify the small voltage swing to recognizable logic levels so the data can be interpreted properly by logic outside the memory.Modern sense-amplifier circuits consist of two to six (usually four) transistors, while early sense amplifiers for core memory sometimes contained as many as 13 transistors. There is one sense amplifier for each column of memory cells, so there are usually hundreds or thousands of identical sense amplifiers on a modern memory chip. As such, sense amplifiers are one of the few remaining analog circuits in a computer's memory subsystem.
Crater chain	A crater chain is a line of craters along the surface of an astronomical body. The descriptor term for crater chains is catena , plural catenae (Latin for "chain"), as specified by the International Astronomical Union's rules on planetary nomenclature.Many examples of such chains are thought to have been formed by the impact of a body that was broken up by tidal forces into a string of smaller objects following roughly the same orbit. An example of such a tidally disrupted body that was observed prior to its impact on Jupiter is Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9. During the Voyager observations of the Jupiter system, planetary scientists identified 13 crater chains on Callisto and three on Ganymede (except those formed by secondary craters). Later some of these chains turned out to be secondary or tectonic features, but some other chains were discovered. As of 1996, 8 primary chains on Callisto and 3 on Ganymede were confirmed.Other cases, such as many of those on Mars, represent chains of collapse pits associated with grabens (see, for example, the Tithoniae Catenae near Tithonium Chasma).
Spondylolysis	Spondylolysis is a defect or stress fracture in the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch. The vast majority of cases occur in the lower lumbar vertebrae (L5), but spondylolysis may also occur in the cervical vertebrae.
Homochirality	Homochirality is a uniformity of chirality, or handedness. Objects are chiral when they cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, the left and right hands of a human are approximately mirror images of each other but are not their own mirror images, so they are chiral. In biology, 19 of the 20 natural amino acids are homochiral, being L-chiral (left-handed), while sugars are D-chiral (right-handed). Homochirality can also refer to enantiopure substances in which all the constituents are the same enantiomer (a right-handed or left-handed version of an atom or molecule), but some sources discourage this use of the term.
Reclining Figure 1969–70	Reclining Figure 1969–70 (LH 608) is a bronze sculpture by English artist Henry Moore.
Pregnancy zone protein	Pregnancy zone protein (PZP), also known as the pregnancy-associated α2-glycoprotein (α2-PAG or PAα2G), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the PZP gene on chromosome 12. PZP is part of the alpha-2 globulin family of proteins. It is often associated with pregnancy, during which it can be the most abundant among the plasma proteins. PZP is believed to play a role in immune-regulation during pregnancy, however many aspects of its mechanism, function and structure are yet to be determined. Recent research has largely focused on determining how dysregulated PZP levels can act as a markers of various diseases.
Polyakov loop	In quantum field theory, the Polyakov loop is the thermal analogue of the Wilson loop, acting as an order parameter for confinement in pure gauge theories at nonzero temperatures. In particular, it is a Wilson loop that winds around the compactified Euclidean temporal direction of a thermal quantum field theory. It indicates confinement because its vacuum expectation value must vanish in the confined phase due to its non-invariance under center gauge transformations. This also follows from the fact that the expectation value is related to the free energy of individual quarks, which diverges in this phase. Introduced by Alexander M. Polyakov in 1975, they can also be used to study the potential between pairs of quarks at nonzero temperatures.
Regressive delta	A regressive delta is a body of sediment that forms at the landward end of a gut.In contrast to river deltas, regressive deltas are not caused by fluvial sedimentation but by marine sedimentation. During storm events, sediment-bearing sea water is pressed through the gut into the adjacent lagoon. Sedimentation takes place immediately after the water has passed the gut because the velocity of the current strongly decreases. The surplus water will leave the lagoon at leeward guts.
Salted bomb	A salted bomb is a nuclear weapon designed to function as a radiological weapon by producing larger quantities of radioactive fallout than unsalted nuclear arms. This fallout can render a large area uninhabitable. The term is derived both from the means of their manufacture, which involves the incorporation of additional elements to a standard atomic weapon, and from the expression "to salt the earth", meaning to render an area uninhabitable for generations. The idea originated with Hungarian-American physicist Leo Szilard, in February 1950. His intent was not to propose that such a weapon be built, but to show that nuclear weapon technology would soon reach the point where it could end human life on Earth.No intentionally salted bomb has ever been atmospherically tested, and as far as is publicly known, none has ever been built. However, the UK tested a one-kiloton bomb incorporating a small amount of cobalt as an experimental radiochemical tracer at their Tadje testing site in Maralinga range, Australia, on September 14, 1957. The Russian triple "taiga" nuclear salvo test, as part of the preliminary March 1971 Pechora–Kama Canal project, converted significant amounts of stable cobalt-59 to radioactive cobalt-60 by fusion-generated neutron activation and this product is responsible for about half of the gamma dose measured at the test site in 2011. The experiment was regarded as a failure and was not repeated.A salted bomb should not be confused with a "dirty bomb", which is an ordinary explosive bomb containing radioactive material which is spread over the area when the bomb explodes. A salted bomb is capable of megatons of explosive force, which can contaminate a far larger area with far more radioactive material than even the largest practicable dirty bomb.
Inert waste	Inert waste is waste which is neither chemically nor biologically reactive and will not decompose or only very slowly. Examples of this are sand and concrete. This has particular relevance to landfills as inert waste typically requires lower disposal fees than biodegradable waste or hazardous waste.
Tangerine	The tangerine is a type of citrus fruit that is orange in color, that is considered either a variety of Citrus reticulata, the mandarin orange, or a closely related species, under the name Citrus tangerina, or yet as a hybrid (Citrus × tangerina) of mandarin orange varieties, with some pomelo contribution.
DVVL	DVVL is an acronym for Discrete variable valve lift, a mechanical component of which two types exist: DVVLd, includes dual cam phasing. DVVLi, includes intake valve cam phasing.
Caudal duplication	Caudal duplication, (or caudal duplication syndrome) is a rare congenital disorder in which various structures of the caudal region, embryonic cloaca, and neural tube exhibit a spectrum of abnormalities such as duplication and malformations. The exact causes of the condition is unknown, though there are several theories implicating abnormal embryological development as a cause for the condition. Diagnosis is often made during prenatal development of the second trimester through anomaly scans or immediately after birth. However, rare cases of adulthood diagnosis has also been observed. Treatment is often required to correct such abnormalities according to the range of symptoms present, whilst treatment options vary from conservative expectant management to resection of caudal tissue to restore normal function or appearance. As a rare congenital disorder, the prevalence at birth is less than 1 per 100,000 with less than 100 cases reported worldwide.The term "caudal duplication syndrome" has been coined since 1993 to describe caudal abnormalities and conditions. However, there has been recent debate into the appropriateness of the term being "caudal split syndrome" instead of caudal duplication due to the "splitting" nature of the abnormalities, rather than "duplication".
XML Certification Program	XML Certification Program (XML Master) is an IT professional certification for XML and related technologies. There are two levels of XML Certifications, XML Master Basic certification and XML Master Professional certification, and more than 18,000 people have passed the examinations.
Poker squares	Poker Squares (also known as, Poker Solitaire, or Poker Patience) is a patience game with the objective of building the best poker hands using just 25 cards from the deck. It rewards both lucky guessing and accurate calculation of odds.
Virtual Extensible LAN	Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN) is a network virtualization technology that attempts to address the scalability problems associated with large cloud computing deployments. It uses a VLAN-like encapsulation technique to encapsulate OSI layer 2 Ethernet frames within layer 4 UDP datagrams, using 4789 as the default IANA-assigned destination UDP port number. VXLAN endpoints, which terminate VXLAN tunnels and may be either virtual or physical switch ports, are known as VXLAN tunnel endpoints (VTEPs).VXLAN is an evolution of efforts to standardize on an overlay encapsulation protocol. Compared to VLAN which provides limited number of layer-2 VLANs (typically using 12-bit VLAN ID), VXLAN increases scalability up to 16 million logical networks (with 24-bit VNID) and allows for layer-2 adjacency across IP networks. Multicast or unicast with head-end replication (HER) is used to flood Broadcast, unknown-unicast and multicast traffic.The VXLAN specification was originally created by VMware, Arista Networks and Cisco. Other backers of the VXLAN technology include Huawei, Broadcom, Citrix, Pica8, Big Switch Networks, Cumulus Networks, Dell EMC, Ericsson, Mellanox, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Red Hat, Joyent, and Juniper Networks.
Lankford coefficient	The Lankford coefficient (also called Lankford value, R-value, or plastic strain ratio) is a measure of the plastic anisotropy of a rolled sheet metal. This scalar quantity is used extensively as an indicator of the formability of recrystallized low-carbon steel sheets.
Computational neuroaesthetics	Computational neuroaesthetics is the discipline that connects neuromarketing, psychology and computer science. It represents the evolution of neuroaesthetics and computational aesthetics and investigates the brain processes of human beings involved during the aesthetic experience.
Obstetrical nursing	Obstetrical nursing, also called perinatal nursing, is a nursing specialty that works with patients who are attempting to become pregnant, are currently pregnant, or have recently delivered. Obstetrical nurses help provide prenatal care and testing, care of patients experiencing pregnancy complications, care during labor and delivery, and care of patients following delivery. Obstetrical nurses work closely with obstetricians, midwives, and nurse practitioners. They also provide supervision of patient care technicians and surgical technologists.
Diabulimia	Diabulimia (a portmanteau of diabetes and bulimia), also known as ED-DMT1 (eating disorder-diabetes mellitus type 1) in the US or T1ED (type 1 eating disorder) in the UK, is an eating disorder in which people with type 1 diabetes deliberately give themselves less insulin than they need or stop taking it altogether for the purpose of weight loss. Diabulimia is not recognized as a formal psychiatric diagnosis in the DSM-5. Because of this, some in the medical or psychiatric communities use the phrases "disturbed eating behavior" or "disordered eating behavior" (DEB in both cases) and disordered eating (DE) are quite common in medical and psychiatric literature addressing patients who have type 1 diabetes and manipulate insulin doses to control weight along with exhibiting bulimic behavior.
Catloaf	Images and videos of domestic cats make up some of the most viewed content on the World Wide Web. ThoughtCatalog has described cats as the "unofficial mascot of the Internet".The subject has attracted the attention of various scholars and critics, who have analysed why this subject has reached iconic status. Although it may be considered frivolous, cat-related Internet content contributes to how people interact with media and culture. Some argue that there is a depth and complexity to this seemingly simple content, with a suggestion that the positive psychological effects that pets have on their owners also hold true for cat images viewed online.Research has suggested that viewing online cat media is related to positive emotions, and that it even may work as a form of digital therapy or stress relief for some users. Some elements of research also shows that feelings of guilt when postponing tasks can be reduced by viewing cat content.Some individual cats, such as Grumpy Cat and Lil Bub, have achieved popularity online because of their unusual appearances and funny cat videos.
Electro-optical MASINT	Electro-optical MASINT is a subdiscipline of Measurement and Signature Intelligence, (MASINT) and refers to intelligence gathering activities which bring together disparate elements that do not fit within the definitions of Signals Intelligence (SIGINT), Imagery Intelligence (IMINT), or Human Intelligence (HUMINT).
Pseudouridylate synthase	The enzyme pseudouridylate synthase (EC 4.2.1.70) catalyzes the chemical reaction uracil + D-ribose 5-phosphate ⇌ pseudouridine 5′-phosphate + H2OThis enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the hydro-lyases, which cleave carbon-oxygen bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is uracil hydro-lyase (adding D-ribose 5-phosphate pseudouridine-5′-phosphate-forming). Other names in common use include pseudouridylic acid synthetase, pseudouridine monophosphate synthetase, 5-ribosyluracil 5-phosphate synthetase, pseudouridylate synthetase, upsilonUMP synthetase, and uracil hydro-lyase (adding D-ribose 5-phosphate). This enzyme participates in pyrimidine metabolism.
Lorum (piercing)	A lorum is a male genital piercing, placed horizontally on the underside of the penis at its base, where the penis meets the scrotum. The word "lorum" is a portmanteau of the words "low" and "frenum", so named because it is essentially a very low-placed frenum piercing.
Microlearning	The concept of Microlearning originates from a Greek word 'Micro' that means 'small'. It refers to a set of compact e- learning modules that are based mainly keeping the 'learner fatigue in mind. The learning modules could be educational, professional, or skill based . These modules are designed in short and concise units with a single learning objective or topic that are usually less than 20 minutes long.
Weld line	In manufacturing, the Weld line or Knit line or Meld line is the line where two flow fronts meet when there is the inability of two or more flow fronts to "knit" together, or "weld", during the molding process. These lines usually occur around holes or obstructions and cause locally weak areas in the molded part. Knit lines are considered molding defects, and occur when the mold or/and material temperatures are set too low: thus the materials will be cold when they meet, so that they do not bond perfectly. This can cause a weak area in the part which can cause breakage when the part is under stress. Weld lines therefore occur during machine start-up, when equilibrium conditions have not been met. Mouldings made in this setting-up period must be rejected. There are many Computer Aided Engineering tools that are available that can predict where these areas could occur, but a skilled designer will be able to predict where such defects can be found by examining the tool or product.
Beezin'	Beezin' is the practice of applying Burt's Bees brand lip balm, often menthol or peppermint flavored, to one's eyelids. This practice, besides causing a stinging in the eyes, is purported to induce or heighten the sensation of being drunk or high, or create a state or perceived state of enhanced alertness. Some commentators have claimed that the practice is not widespread as claimed or is entirely made up, an example of a moral panic.
Philips NMS-1205	The Philips NMS-1205 was a MSX AUDIO cartridge (without BIOS) using the Yamaha Y8950 chip (released in 1984). NMS-1205 was only sold in Europe for the MSX Personal Computer. This cartridge featured FM sound synthesizer, Sound sampler (ADPCM with 32 kB sample RAM), MIDI interface, audio & MIDI I/O connectors, and also built-in software (Music-BOX, CALL MUSICBOX).
Binomial sum variance inequality	The binomial sum variance inequality states that the variance of the sum of binomially distributed random variables will always be less than or equal to the variance of a binomial variable with the same n and p parameters. In probability theory and statistics, the sum of independent binomial random variables is itself a binomial random variable if all the component variables share the same success probability. If success probabilities differ, the probability distribution of the sum is not binomial. The lack of uniformity in success probabilities across independent trials leads to a smaller variance. and is a special case of a more general theorem involving the expected value of convex functions. In some statistical applications, the standard binomial variance estimator can be used even if the component probabilities differ, though with a variance estimate that has an upward bias.
Two-way alternating	Two-way alternating communications is a term sometimes used to disambiguate the term Duplex (telecommunications). In a two-way alternating communications channel, each endpoint can either send or receive at any given time, but cannot send and receive at the same time. Two-way simultaneous communications lets the endpoints talk and listen simultaneously.
Dextran 1,6-alpha-isomaltotriosidase	Dextran 1,6-α-isomaltotriosidase (EC 3.2.1.95, exo-isomaltotriohydrolase, 1,6-α-D-glucan isomaltotriohydrolase) is an enzyme with systematic name 6-α-D-glucan isomaltotriohydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of (1→6)-α-D-glucosidic linkages in dextrans, to remove successive isomaltotriose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains.
PLEKHM2	Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLEKHM2 gene.
Telephone card	A telephone card, calling card or phonecard for short, is a credit card-size plastic or paper card, used to pay for telephone services (often international or long-distance calling). It is not necessary to have the physical card except with a stored-value system; knowledge of the access telephone number to dial and the PIN is sufficient. Standard cards which can be purchased and used without any sort of account facility give a fixed amount of credit and are discarded when used up; rechargeable cards can be topped up, or collect payment in arrears. The system for payment and the way in which the card is used to place a telephone call vary from card to card.
Bionic architecture	Bionic architecture is a contemporary movement that studies the physiological, behavioural, and structural adaptions of biological organisms as a source of inspiration for designing and constructing expressive buildings. These structures are designed to be self-sufficient, being able to structurally modify themselves in response to the fluctuating internal and external forces such as changes in weather and temperature.Although this style of architecture has existed since the early 18th century period, the movement only began to mature in the early 21st century, following society's growing concerns over climate change and global warming. These influences led to bionic architecture being used to draw society away from its anthropocentric environment, by creating landscapes that allow for the harmonious relationship between nature and society. This is achieved through having an in-depth understanding of the complex interactions between form, material, and structure in order to ensure that the building's design supports a more sustainable environment. As a result, architects will rely upon the use of high-tech, artificial materials and techniques in order to conserve energy and materials, lower the consumption of construction and increase the practicality and reliability of their building structures.
Coconut brandy	Coconut brandy is a clear distilled spirit produced from borassus flower nectar and matured in wood casks. The spirit is produced by Mendis Brandy, a Georgia, U.S.-based company. The spirit is not made with coconuts.
Tribovoltaic effect	The tribovoltaic effect is the effect of generating of tribo-current at a sliding semiconductors interface (PN junction) or sliding semiconductor and metal interface (Schottky junction), which is firstly proposed by Wang et al. in 2018. When a P-type semiconductor slides over a N-type semiconductor, the energy “quantum” also named as “bindington” will be released at the interface due to the formation of new chemical bonds. The released energy can excite electron-hole pairs at the interface, which are further separated and moved from one side to the other side under the built-in electric field at the semiconductor interface, generating a direct current in external circuit.
Photoresistor	A photoresistor (also known as a photocell, or light-dependent resistor, LDR, or photo-conductive cell) is a passive component that decreases resistance with respect to receiving luminosity (light) on the component's sensitive surface. The resistance of a photoresistor decreases with increase in incident light intensity; in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity. A photoresistor can be applied in light-sensitive detector circuits and light-activated and dark-activated switching circuits acting as a resistance semiconductor. In the dark, a photoresistor can have a resistance as high as several megaohms (MΩ), while in the light, a photoresistor can have a resistance as low as a few hundred ohms. If incident light on a photoresistor exceeds a certain frequency, photons absorbed by the semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction band. The resulting free electrons (and their hole partners) conduct electricity, thereby lowering resistance. The resistance range and sensitivity of a photoresistor can substantially differ among dissimilar devices. Moreover, unique photoresistors may react substantially differently to photons within certain wavelength bands.
Wittgenstein's ladder	In philosophy, Wittgenstein's ladder is a metaphor set out by Ludwig Wittgenstein about learning. In what may be a deliberate reference to Søren Kierkegaard's Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments, the penultimate proposition of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (translated from the original German) reads: 6.54 My propositions serve as elucidations in the following way: anyone who understands me eventually recognizes them as nonsensical, when he has used them—as steps—to climb beyond them. (He must, so to speak, throw away the ladder after he has climbed up it.) He must transcend these propositions, and then he will see the world aright.
MVCML	Multiple-valued current mode logic (MVCML) or current mode multiple-valued logic (CM-MVL) is a method of representing electronic logic levels in analog CMOS circuits. In MVCML, logic levels are represented by multiples of a base current, Ibase, set to a certain value, x. Thus, level 0 is associated with the value of null, level 1 is associated with Ibase = x, level 2 is represented by Ibase = 2x, and so on.
Glucuronate isomerase	In enzymology, a glucuronate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.12) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction D-glucuronate ⇌ D-fructuronateHence, this enzyme has one substrate, D-glucuronate, and one product, D-fructuronate. This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductases interconverting aldoses and ketoses. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D-glucuronate aldose-ketose-isomerase. Other names in common use include uronic isomerase, uronate isomerase, D-glucuronate isomerase, uronic acid isomerase, and D-glucuronate ketol-isomerase. This enzyme participates in pentose and glucuronate interconversions.
Chromosome 9 open reading frame 43	Chromosome 9 open reading frame 43 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C9orf43 gene. The gene is also known as MGC17358 and LOC257169. C9orf43 contains DUF 4647 and a polyglutamine repeat region although protein function is not well understood.
Business Language Testing Service	The Business Language Testing Service (BULATS) was an English language test provided by Cambridge English Language Assessment. It has been officially retired on 6 December 2019. It assesses the level of a person in a used language and in a professional context. This foreign language skills assessment is validated by a two-years valid certificate. The languages evaluated are English, German (in collaboration with the Goethe-Institut), Spanish (in collaboration with the University of Salamanca) and French (in collaboration with the Alliance Française).It's an online test that gives a score between 0 and 100, giving a direct equivalence with the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages levels.
Epithelioid cell histiocytoma	Epithelioid cell histiocytoma is a rare skin condition that is considered to be a variant of a dermatofibroma.
Electron mass	In particle physics, the electron mass (symbol: me) is the mass of a stationary electron, also known as the invariant mass of the electron. It is one of the fundamental constants of physics. It has a value of about 9.109×10−31 kilograms or about 5.486×10−4 daltons, which has an energy-equivalent of about 8.187×10−14 joules or about 0.511 MeV.
Blue-green	Blue-green is the color that is between green and blue. It belongs to the cyan family of colors.
Brucine	Brucine, is an alkaloid closely related to strychnine, most commonly found in the Strychnos nux-vomica tree. Brucine poisoning is rare, since it is usually ingested with strychnine, and strychnine is more toxic than brucine. In synthetic chemistry, it can be used as a tool for stereospecific chemical syntheses. Brucine is named from the genus Brucea, named after James Bruce who brought back Brucea antidysenterica from Ethiopia.
Atmosphere of Jupiter	The atmosphere of Jupiter is the largest planetary atmosphere in the Solar System. It is mostly made of molecular hydrogen and helium in roughly solar proportions; other chemical compounds are present only in small amounts and include methane, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and water. Although water is thought to reside deep in the atmosphere, its directly measured concentration is very low. The nitrogen, sulfur, and noble gas abundances in Jupiter's atmosphere exceed solar values by a factor of about three.The atmosphere of Jupiter lacks a clear lower boundary and gradually transitions into the liquid interior of the planet. From lowest to highest, the atmospheric layers are the troposphere, stratosphere, thermosphere and exosphere. Each layer has characteristic temperature gradients. The lowest layer, the troposphere, has a complicated system of clouds and hazes, comprising layers of ammonia, ammonium hydrosulfide and water. The upper ammonia clouds visible at Jupiter's surface are organized in a dozen zonal bands parallel to the equator and are bounded by powerful zonal atmospheric flows (winds) known as jets. The bands alternate in color: the dark bands are called belts, while light ones are called zones. Zones, which are colder than belts, correspond to upwellings, while belts mark descending gas. The zones' lighter color is believed to result from ammonia ice; what gives the belts their darker colors is uncertain. The origins of the banded structure and jets are not well understood, though a "shallow model" and a "deep model" exist.

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