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Mecasermin rinfabate	Mecasermin rinfabate (INN, USAN) (brand name Iplex), also known as rhIGF-1/rhIGFBP-3, is a drug consisting of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and recombinant human insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) which is used for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease).It is similar in action to mecasermin, but with fewer side effects (such as hypoglycemia).
Soap bubble	A soap bubble is an extremely thin film of soap or detergent and water enclosing air that forms a hollow sphere with an iridescent surface. Soap bubbles usually last for only a few seconds before bursting, either on their own or on contact with another object. They are often used for children's enjoyment, but they are also used in artistic performances. Assembling many bubbles results in foam.
Beach ball	A beach ball is an inflatable ball for beach and water games. Their large size and light weight require little effort to propel them. They became popular in the beach-themed films of the 1960s starring Annette Funicello and Frankie Avalon. These movies include Beach Party, Muscle Beach Party, Beach Blanket Bingo and How to Stuff a Wild Bikini.
Levansucrase	Levansucrase (EC 2.4.1.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction sucrose + (2,6-beta-D-fructosyl)n ⇌ glucose + (2,6-beta-D-fructosyl)n+1Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are sucrose and (2,6-beta-D-fructosyl)n, whereas its two products are glucose and (2,6-beta-D-fructosyl)n+1. This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is sucrose:2,6-beta-D-fructan 6-beta-D-fructosyltransferase. Other names in common use include sucrose 6-fructosyltransferase, beta-2,6-fructosyltransferase, and beta-2,6-fructan:D-glucose 1-fructosyltransferase. This enzyme participates in starch and sucrose metabolism and two-component system - general.
Synucleinopathy	Synucleinopathies (also called α-Synucleinopathies) are neurodegenerative diseases characterised by the abnormal accumulation of aggregates of alpha-synuclein protein in neurons, nerve fibres or glial cells. There are three main types of synucleinopathy: Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Other rare disorders, such as various neuroaxonal dystrophies, also have α-synuclein pathologies. Additionally, autopsy studies have shown that around 6% of sporadic Alzheimer's Disease exhibit α-synuclein positive Lewy pathology, and are sub-classed as Alzheimer's Disease with Amygdalar Restricted Lewy Bodies (AD/ALB).
Tectonics (journal)	Tectonics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of geology focusing on tectonics. It is published by the American Geophysical Union in collaboration with the European Geosciences Union. The journal is edited by John Geissman (University of Texas at Dallas), Laurent Jolivet (Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris), Nathan Niemi (University of Michigan) and Taylor Schildgen (University of Potsdam).
Peritrich nuclear code	The peritrich nuclear code (translation table 30) is a genetic code used by the nuclear genome of the peritrich ciliates Vorticella and Opisthonecta.
Microsoft Entertainment Pack	Microsoft Entertainment Pack , also known as Windows Entertainment Pack or simply WEP , is a collection of 16-bit casual computer games for Windows. There were four Entertainment Packs released between 1990 and 1992. These games were somewhat unusual for the time, in that they would not run under MS-DOS. In 1994, a compilation of the previous four Entertainment Packs were released called The Best of Microsoft Entertainment Pack. A Game Boy Color version was released in 2000.
RNF13	RING finger protein 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RNF13 gene.The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING zinc finger, a motif known to be involved in protein-protein interactions. The specific function of this gene has not yet been determined. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.
Palm Park Formation	The Palm Park Formation is a geologic formation in southern New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the Eocene epoch.
Calcium erythorbate	Calcium erythorbate is a food additive. Chemically, it is the calcium salt of erythorbic acid, with the chemical formula Ca(C6H7O6)2. As an antioxidant structurally related to vitamin C, it helps improve flavor stability and prevents the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines.
Permeability (nautical)	Permeability of a space in a ship is the percentage of empty volume in that space.
Spiling	Spiling is a traditional technique used in temperate regions of the world for the prevention of erosion to river and stream banks.
Dictionary of Science, Literature and Art	The Dictionary of Science, Literature and Art was a single-volume reference work published in the mid-19th century by Longman's in the United Kingdom and by Harper Brothers in the United States. At the time it was considered a highly successful compendium of general but scholarly information. It was part of a trend toward cheaper, smaller reference works targeted at the middle and working classes.
Powell's method	Powell's method, strictly Powell's conjugate direction method, is an algorithm proposed by Michael J. D. Powell for finding a local minimum of a function. The function need not be differentiable, and no derivatives are taken.
Ground continuity monitor	A GCM or ground continuity monitor (also called a ground integrity monitor or ground continuity tester) is an electrical safety device that monitors the impedance to ground of a temporary electrical circuit and can provide indication (or protective trip) in the event impedance rises to an unsafe value. A GCM is either an external testing device or a cord mounted device that measures the electrical continuity of a circuit’s path to ground.
Polytunnel	A polytunnel (also known as a polyhouse, hoop greenhouse or hoophouse, grow tunnel or high tunnel) is a tunnel typically made from steel and covered in polyethylene, usually semi-circular, square or elongated in shape. The interior heats up because incoming solar radiation from the sun warms plants, soil, and other things inside the building faster than heat can escape the structure. Air warmed by the heat from hot interior surfaces is retained in the building by the roof and wall. Temperature, humidity and ventilation can be controlled by equipment fixed in the polytunnel or by manual opening and closing of vents. Polytunnels are mainly used in temperate regions in similar ways to glass greenhouses and row covers. Besides the passive solar heating that every polytunnel provides, every variation of auxiliary heating (from hothouse heating through minimal heating to unheated houses) is represented in current practice. The nesting of row covers and low tunnels inside high tunnels is also common.
PACER (law)	PACER (acronym for Public Access to Court Electronic Records) is an electronic public access service for United States federal court documents. It allows users to obtain case and docket information from the United States district courts, United States courts of appeals, and United States bankruptcy courts. The system is managed by the Administrative Office of the United States Courts in accordance with the policies of the Judicial Conference, headed by the Chief Justice of the United States. As of 2013, it holds more than 500 million documents.Each court maintains its own system, with a small subset of information from each case transferred to the U.S. Party/Case Index server, located in San Antonio, Texas at the PACER Service Center, each night. Records are submitted to the individual courts using the Federal Judiciary's Case Management/Electronic Case Files (CM/ECF) system, and usually accepts the filing of documents in the Portable Document Format (PDF) through the courts' electronic court filing (e-filing) system. Each court maintains its own databases with case information. Because PACER database systems are maintained within each court, each jurisdiction will have a different URL.
Maildrop	Maildrop is a Mail delivery agent used by the Courier Mail Server. The maildrop Mail Delivery Agent (MDA) also includes filtering functionality. Maildrop receives mail via stdin and delivers in both Maildir and mbox formats.
Navigational Algorithms	The navigational algorithms are the quintessence of the executable software on portable calculators or PDA as an aid to the art of navigation, this attempt article describe both algorithms and software for "PC-PDA" implementing different calculation procedures for navigation . The calculation power obtained by the languages: Basic, "C", Java, etc. .., from portable calculators or PDAs , has made it possible to develop programs that allow calculating the position without the need for tables, in fact they have some basic tables with the correction factors for each year and calculate the values "on the fly" at runtime .
Ultrasound-enhanced systemic thrombolysis	== Background == Ultrasound enhanced systemic thrombolysis (UEST), also known as sonothrombolysis, is a method that uses ultrasound waves to mechanically break the thrombi, or clots, using the vibration carried via soundwaves. A large portion of initial research was conducted by Christy Holland, a Professor at the University Cincinnati and the Director of the University of Cincinnati Heart, Lung, and Vascular Institute, who also holds the patent for use of trans cranial ultrasound in stroke patients. One of the main studies characterizing the use of UEST in the setting of acute stroke was the CLOTBUST Trial, which was published in 2004 in the Journal of Neuroimaging. Since then, research with UEST has explored its use in other thrombotic scenarios such as pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis. One major advantage of using ultrasound versus systemic thrombolysis is a reduced risk of bleeding, and improved heart function in the case of pulmonary embolism.
Ape index	Ape index, ape factor, or gorilla index is slang or jargon used to describe a measure of the ratio of an individual's arm span relative to their height. A typical ratio is 1, as identified by the Roman writer, architect and engineer Vitruvius prior to 15 BC. Vitruvius noted that a "well made man" has an arm span equal to his height, as exemplified in Leonardo da Vinci's c. 1492 drawing, the Vitruvian Man. In rock climbing it is believed that an ape index greater than one, where the arm span is greater than the height, provides for a competitive advantage, and some climbers have expressed the belief that exercise can result in an improved ratio, although this view is somewhat controversial.
Society for Analytical Chemistry	The Society of Public Analysts was formed in the United Kingdom in 1874 and subsequently became the Society for Analytical Chemistry. It was incorporated in 1907.
Diphenylmethanol	Diphenylmethanol is the organic compound with the formula (C6H5)2CHOH. Also known as benzhydrol, it is a white solid and the parent member of a large class of diaryl alcohols.
Atan2	In computing and mathematics, the function atan2 is the 2-argument arctangent. By definition, atan2 ⁡(y,x) is the angle measure (in radians, with −π<θ≤π ) between the positive x -axis and the ray from the origin to the point (x,y) in the Cartesian plane. Equivalently, atan2 ⁡(y,x) is the argument (also called phase or angle) of the complex number x+iy. The atan2 function first appeared in the programming language Fortran in 1961. It was originally intended to return a correct and unambiguous value for the angle θ in converting from Cartesian coordinates (x, y) to polar coordinates (r, θ). If atan2 ⁡(y,x) and {\textstyle r={\sqrt {x^{2}+y^{2}}}} , then cos ⁡θ and sin ⁡θ.
SBF2	Myotubularin-related protein 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SBF2 gene.The family of myotubularin-related proteins includes lipid phosphatases, such as MTM1 (MIM 600415), and pseudophosphatases, such as SBF1 (MIM 603560) and SBF2. Pseudophosphatases contain inactivating substitutions at the catalytic cysteine [supplied by OMIM].
Primary cell culture	Primary cell culture is the ex vivo culture of cells freshly obtained from a multicellular organism, as opposed to the culture of immortalized cell lines. In general, primary cell cultures are considered more representative of in vivo tissues than cell lines, and this is recognized legally in some countries such as the UK (Human Tissue Act 2004). However, primary cells require adequate substrate and nutrient conditions to thrive and after a certain number of divisions they acquire a senescent phenotype, leading to irreversible cell cycle arrest. The generation of cell lines stems from these two reasons. Primary cells can become immortalized either spontaneously (e.g. HeLa cells) or by genetic modification (e.g. HEK cells), at which point they become cell lines which can be subcultured indefinitely.Because of their requirements for viability, primary cell cultures did not become widespread until the 2000s. These cultures present several advantages over cell lines, including a better representation of the cellular heterogeneity of tissues, a more faithful transcriptomic and proteomic profile (especially when cultured in 3D) and more realistic functional responses, including drug responses. In contrast, immortalized cell lines are known to become homogeneous through the natural selection of specific subpopulations, to undergo genetic drift and to acquire genetic aberrations. In many cases, cell lines have been misidentified, contaminated with other cells or infected with Mycoplasma, small intracellular bacteria that went undetected for decades.When whole or partial tissues are isolated and maintained ex vivo, the procedure is termed primary tissue culture. More specific terms include organotypic culture, tissue slices and explants.Neuronal primary cell cultures are cells collected from the brain of an organism. For example they can be used when examining substances effect on cell viability, which can further on be potential treatments for brain deficits.
EMac	The eMac (short for education Mac) is a discontinued all-in-one Mac desktop computer that was produced and designed by Apple Computer. Released in 2002, it was originally aimed at the education market but was later made available as a cheaper mass-market alternative to Apple's "Sunflower" iMac G4. The eMac was pulled from retail on October 12, 2005, and was again sold exclusively to educational institutions thereafter. It was discontinued by Apple on July 5, 2006, and replaced by a cheaper, low-end iMac G5 that, like the eMac, was exclusively sold to educational institutions.
Lithographic limestone	Lithographic limestone is hard limestone that is sufficiently fine-grained, homogeneous and defect free to be used for lithography. Geologists use the term "lithographic texture" to refer to a grain size under 1/250 mm.The term "sublithographic" is sometimes used for homogeneous fine-grained limestone with a somewhat coarser texture.
Phentermine	Phentermine (phenyl-tertiary-butylamine), with several brand names including Ionamin and Sentis, is a medication used together with diet and exercise to treat obesity. It is taken by mouth for up to a few weeks at a time, after which the benefits subside. It is also available as the combination phentermine/topiramate.Common side effects include a fast heart beat, high blood pressure, trouble sleeping, dizziness, and restlessness. Serious side effects may include abuse, but do not include pulmonary hypertension or valvular heart disease, as the latter were caused by the fenfluramine component of the fen-phen drug combination. Use is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding, or with SSRIs or MAO inhibitors. It works mainly as an appetite suppressant, likely as a result of being a CNS stimulant. Chemically, phentermine is a substituted amphetamine.Phentermine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1959. It is available as a generic medication. In 2020, it was the 181st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3 million prescriptions. Phentermine was withdrawn from the market in the United Kingdom in 2000, while the combination medication fen-phen, of which it was a part, was withdrawn from the market in 1997 due to side effects of fenfluramine which caused increased levels of circulating serotonin which stimulated serotonin receptors on heart valves and thus causing valve insufficiency and leading to primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). According to the NIH (National Institutes of Health) there is no evidence that phentermine causes PPH.
Original equipment manufacturer	An original equipment manufacturer (OEM) is generally perceived as a company that produces non-aftermarket parts and equipment that may be marketed by another manufacturer. It is a common industry term recognized and used by many professional organizations such as SAE International, ISO, and others. However, the term is also used in several other ways, which causes ambiguity. It sometimes means the maker of a system that includes other companies' subsystems, an end-product producer, an automotive part that is manufactured by the same company that produced the original part used in the automobile's assembly, or a value-added reseller.
Internet Provider Security	Internet Provider Security (IPS) tags are used by domain registrar to administer a domain name registration service and related Domain Name System (DNS) services. An IPS tag is the label that applies to each registrar that registers domains in the country-code top-level domain uk and is required to transfer domain names from one registrar to another.The original meaning of IPS tag was thought to be lost after it was created with Nominet UK's predecessor, the Naming Committee; it is widely speculated that it stands for Internet Provider Security tag. The term IPS tag itself is considered obsolete by Nominet UK, and is now referred to simply as tag. However, there are also records of those involved in the early internet industry who believe it was a typo of the initialism for Internet Service Provider made by an unnamed junior systems administrator, ISPs being the main bodies responsible for registering domains in the early years of the commercial internet. The identity of the engineer making the typo is known but the identity is not currently referenced on the web.Transferring a domain name from one registrar to another requires the original registrar to change the IPS tag to that of the new registrar. Domain name owners can often, but not always, change this tag themselves in the respective domain management control panels.
Law of noncontradiction	In logic, the law of non-contradiction (LNC) (also known as the law of contradiction, principle of non-contradiction (PNC), or the principle of contradiction) states that contradictory propositions cannot both be true in the same sense at the same time, e. g. the two propositions "p is the case" and "p is not the case" are mutually exclusive. Formally, this is expressed as the tautology ¬(p ∧ ¬p). The law is not to be confused with the law of excluded middle which states that at least one, "p is the case" or "p is not the case" holds.
Femoral head ostectomy	A femoral head ostectomy is a surgical operation to remove the head and neck from the femur. It is performed to alleviate pain, and is a salvage procedure, reserved for condition where pain can not be alleviated in any other way. It is common in veterinary surgery. Other names are excision arthroplasty of the femoral head and neck, Girdlestone's operation, Girdlestone procedure, and femoral head and neck ostectomy.
Mechanism of autism	Autism's symptoms result from maturation-related changes in various systems of the brain. Although it is not well understood how autism occurs, there have been attempts to describe the mechanisms involved. Conceptually, one can divide its development into two areas: the pathophysiology of brain structures and processes associated with autism, and the neuropsychological linkages between brain structures and behaviors. The behaviors appear to have multiple pathophysiologies.There is evidence that gut–brain axis abnormalities may be involved. A 2015 review proposed that immune dysregulation, gastrointestinal inflammation, malfunction of the autonomic nervous system, gut flora alterations, and food metabolites may cause brain neuroinflammation and dysfunction. A 2016 review concludes that enteric nervous system abnormalities might play a role in neurological disorders such as autism. Neural connections and the immune system are a pathway that may allow diseases originated in the intestine to spread to the brain.Several lines of evidence point to synaptic dysfunction as a cause of autism. Some rare mutations may lead to autism by disrupting some synaptic pathways, such as those involved with cell adhesion. Gene replacement studies in mice suggest that autistic symptoms are closely related to later developmental steps that depend on activity in synapses and on activity-dependent changes. All known teratogens (agents that cause birth defects) related to the risk of autism appear to act during the first eight weeks from conception, and though this does not exclude the possibility that autism can be initiated or affected later, there is strong evidence that autism arises very early in development.
Borazocine	Borazocine is a polar inorganic compound with the chemical formula B4H8N4. In this cyclic compound, the four BH units and four NH units alternate.
Seeligerite	Seeligerite is a rare complex lead chloride iodate mineral with formula: Pb3Cl3(IO3)O. It is a yellow mineral crystallizing in the orthorhombic system. It has perfect to good cleavage in two directions and a quite high specific gravity of 6.83 due to the lead content. It is translucent to transparent with refractive indices of nα=2.120 nβ=2.320 nγ=2.320.It was first reported in 1971 from the Casucha Mine, Sierra Gorda, Antofagasta Region, Chile.
Gyroelongated cupola	In geometry, the gyroelongated cupolae are an infinite set of polyhedra, constructed by adjoining an n-gonal cupola to an 2n-gonal antiprism.
Mephenoxalone	Mephenoxalone (trade names Dorsiflex, Moderamin, Control-OM) is a muscle relaxant and mild anxiolytic. It inhibits neuron transmission, relaxing skeletal muscles by inhibiting the reflex arc. As the effect of muscle relaxation, mephenoxalone affects mental condition, and is also a treatment for nervousness and anxiety.
Goodness of fit	The goodness of fit of a statistical model describes how well it fits a set of observations. Measures of goodness of fit typically summarize the discrepancy between observed values and the values expected under the model in question. Such measures can be used in statistical hypothesis testing, e.g. to test for normality of residuals, to test whether two samples are drawn from identical distributions (see Kolmogorov–Smirnov test), or whether outcome frequencies follow a specified distribution (see Pearson's chi-square test). In the analysis of variance, one of the components into which the variance is partitioned may be a lack-of-fit sum of squares.
LINC00674	Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 674 is a Long non-coding RNA in humans that is encoded by the LINC00674 gene.
FastAPI	FastAPI is a modern web framework for building RESTful APIs in Python. It was first released in 2018 and has quickly gained popularity among developers due to its ease of use, speed and robustness. FastAPI is based on Pydantic and uses type hints to validate, serialize, and deserialize data. It also automatically generates OpenAPI documentation for APIs built with it.FastAPI fully supports asynchronous programming and can run on Gunicorn and ASGI servers such as Uvicorn and Hypercorn, making it a good choice for production environments. To improve developer-friendliness, editor support was considered since the project's earliest days.
Three Cards to Midnight	Three Cards to Midnight (alternately typeset 3 Cards to Midnight) is a story-driven puzzle video game with elements of hidden object games and adventure games. It was written and designed by Aaron Conners and Chris Jones and is the debut release from independent developer Big Finish Games.
Greedy source	A greedy source is a traffic generator in a communication network that generates data at the maximum rate possible and at the earliest opportunity possible. Each source always has data to transmit, and is never in idle state due to congestion avoidance or other local host traffic shaping. One new data-packet is generated when the transmission of previous packet is completed, meaning that the sender side queue is never congested. A greedy session is a time-limited packet flow or data stream at maximum possible rate. A greedy source traffic generation simulation model, or a greedy traffic generator, is useful when simulating and analysing or measuring the maximum throughput of a network.
Paralleldal Formation	The Paralleldal Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period.
Lost in the mall technique	The "lost in the mall" technique or experiment is a memory implantation technique used to demonstrate that confabulations about events that never took place – such as having been lost in a shopping mall as a child – can be created through suggestions made to experimental subjects that their older relative was present at the time. It was first developed by Elizabeth Loftus and her undergraduate student Jim Coan, as support for the thesis that it is possible to implant entirely false memories in people. The technique was developed in the context of the debate about the existence of repressed memories and false memory syndrome.
Dialogical analysis	Dialogical analysis, or more precisely dialogical interaction analysis, refers to a way of analyzing human communication which is based on the theory of dialogism. The approach has been developed based on the theoretical work of George Herbert Mead and Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin.
Reduplicated plural	A reduplicated plural is a grammatical form achieved by the superfluous use of a second plural ending. In English the plural is usually formed with the addition of 's': e.g. one cat, two cats; one chair, two chairs. In the Sussex dialect, however, until relatively recently there existed a reduplicated plural: e.g. one ghost, two ghostes/ghostesses; one post, two postes/postesses (note that here the Sussex pluralisation instead of adding just 's' after 'st', adds either 'es' as its usual plural, or a reduplicated 'esses'. Reduplicated plural forms, or similar forms, can also appear in African American Vernacular English, New York Latino English, and in some other rarer forms of American English, often in specific lexical items, such as testes rather than tests .
Johnson's parabolic formula	In structural engineering, Johnson's parabolic formula is an empirically based equation for calculating the critical buckling stress of a column. The formula is based on experimental results by J. B. Johnson from around 1900 as an alternative to Euler's critical load formula under low slenderness ratio (the ratio of radius of gyration to effective length) conditions. The equation interpolates between the yield stress of the material to the critical buckling stress given by Euler's formula relating the slenderness ratio to the stress required to buckle a column. Buckling refers to a mode of failure in which the structure loses stability. It is caused by a lack of structural stiffness. Placing a load on a long slender bar may cause a buckling failure before the specimen can fail by compression.
White metal	The white metals are a series of often decorative bright metal alloys used as a base for plated silverware, ornaments or novelties, as well as any of several lead-based or tin-based alloys used for things like bearings, jewellery, miniature figures, fusible plugs, some medals and metal type. The term is also used in the antiques trade for an item suspected of being silver, but not hallmarked.
Articulation score	In telecommunication, an articulation score (AS) is a subjective measure of the intelligibility of a voice system in terms of the percentage of words correctly understood over a channel perturbed by interference. Articulation scores have been experimentally obtained as functions of varying word content, bandwidth, audio signal-to-noise ratio and the experience of the talkers and listeners involved.
Aberrant decoding	Aberrant decoding or aberrant reading is a concept used in fields such as communication and media studies, semiotics, and journalism about how messages can be interpreted differently from what was intended by their sender. The concept was proposed by Umberto Eco in an article published first in 1965 in Italian and in 1972 in English.
RecentChangesCamp	RecentChangesCamp was an unconference focused on wikis, held from 2006 to 2012. It was named after the "recent changes" feature that is found in most wikis. RecentChangesCamp followed an Open Space model in having a program that was determined onsite by participants.
MultiDimensional eXpressions	Multidimensional Expressions (MDX) is a query language for online analytical processing (OLAP) using a database management system. Much like SQL, it is a query language for OLAP cubes. It is also a calculation language, with syntax similar to spreadsheet formulae.
Animutation	Animutation or fanimutation is a form of web-based computer animation, typically created in Adobe Flash and characterized by unpredictable montages of pop-culture images set to music, often in a language foreign to the intended viewers. It is not to be confused with manual collage animation (e.g., the work of Stan Vanderbeek and Terry Gilliam), which predates the Internet.
Lego Minifigures (theme)	Lego Minifigures is a 2010 Lego theme based on a set of collectible Lego minifigures. Each figure is an original character with new clothing and facial designs, and most contain previously unseen accessories. Each series usually contained 16 different minifigures; however, some series contain as few as 9 minifigures, while others contain up to 22. Since 2021, the number of different minifigures for a series is set to 12.
Knowledge inertia	Knowledge inertia (KI) is a concept in knowledge management. The term initially proposed by Shu-hsien Liao comprises a two dimensional model which incorporates experience inertia and learning inertia. Later, another dimension—the dimension of thinking inertia—has been added based on the theoretical exploration of the existing concepts of experience inertia and learning inertia.One of the central problems in knowledge management related to organizational learning is to deal with "inertia". Besides, individuals may also exhibit a natural tendency of inertia when facing problems during utilization of knowledge. Inertia in technical jargon means inactivity or torpor. Inertia in organizational learning context may be referred to as a slowdown in organizational learning-related activities. In fact, there are many other kinds of organizational inertia: e.g., innovation inertia, workforce inertia, productivity inertia, decision inertia, emotional inertia besides others that have different meanings in their own individual contexts. Some organization theorists have adopted the definition proposed by Liao (2002) to extend its further use in organizational learning studies.
Hemopexin	Hemopexin (or haemopexin; Hpx; Hx), also known as beta-1B-glycoprotein, is a glycoprotein that in humans is encoded by the HPX gene and belongs to the hemopexin family of proteins. Hemopexin is the plasma protein with the highest binding affinity for heme.Hemoglobin itself circulating alone in the blood plasma (called free hemoglobin, as opposed to the hemoglobin situated in and circulating with the red blood cell.) will soon be oxidized into met-hemoglobin which then further disassociates into free heme along with globin chain. The free heme will then be oxidized into free met-heme and sooner or later the hemopexin will come to bind free met-heme together, forming a complex of met-heme and hemopexin, continuing their journey in the circulation until reaching a receptor, such as CD91, on hepatocytes or macrophages within the spleen, liver and bone marrow.Hemopexin's arrival and subsequent binding to the free heme not only prevent heme's pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory effects but also promotes free heme's detoxification.Hemopexin is different from haptoglobin, the latter always binds to free hemoglobin. (See Haptoglobin § Differentiation with hemopexin)
Square kilometre	The square kilometre (square kilometer in American spelling; symbol: km2) is a multiple of the square metre, the SI unit of area or surface area.
Magnesium responsive RNA element	The Magnesium responsive RNA element, not to be confused with the completely distinct M-box riboswitch, is a cis-regulatory element that regulates the expression of the magnesium transporter protein MgtA. It is located in the 5' UTR of this gene. The mechanism for the potential magnesium-sensing capacity of this RNA is still unclear, though a recent report suggests that the RNA element targets the mgtA transcript for degradation by RNase E when cells are grown in high Mg2+ environments.
Javac	javac (pronounced "java-see") is the primary Java compiler included in the Java Development Kit (JDK) from Oracle Corporation. Martin Odersky implemented the GJ compiler, and his implementation became the basis for javac.The compiler accepts source code conforming to the Java language specification (JLS) and produces Java bytecode conforming to the Java Virtual Machine Specification (JVMS). javac is itself written in Java. The compiler can also be invoked programmatically.
Stereotaxy	Stereotaxy (from stereo meaning "solidity", and tactile meaning "touch") refers to any technique that involves the recording and reproduction of three-dimensional haptic information or creating an illusion of depth to the sense of touch within an otherwise-flat surface. Unlike the current trend in haptic technology to provide haptic perception of simulated, virtual objects within an augmented-reality (that is, within a mostly-realistic) setting, stereohapty, which, when applied as a field of study, is known as stereohaptics or stereotactics, stereotaxy aims to provide an illusion of three-dimensional depth to the sense of touch by the human body. This resembles how stereoscopy, its visual counterpart, is meant to provide a visual illusion of depth to otherwise-flat images (such as 3-D films), a process known as stereopsis.
Succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C	Succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C, also known as succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SDHC gene. This gene encodes one of four nuclear-encoded subunits that comprise succinate dehydrogenase, also known as mitochondrial complex II, a key enzyme complex of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and aerobic respiratory chains of mitochondria. The encoded protein is one of two integral membrane proteins that anchor other subunits of the complex, which form the catalytic core, to the inner mitochondrial membrane. There are several related pseudogenes for this gene on different chromosomes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.
Opa (programming language)	Opa is an open-source programming language for developing scalable web applications.
Sequential model	The sequential model (also known as the KNF model) is a theory that describes cooperativity of protein subunits. It postulates that a protein's conformation changes with each binding of a ligand, thus sequentially changing its affinity for the ligand at neighboring binding sites. It gives one explanation for cooperative binding.
Brazilian jiu-jitsu weight classes	Brazilian jiu-jitsu weight classes are weight classes that pertain to the sport of Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) and vary according to the organisations.
Tetraazidomethane	Tetraazidomethane, C(N3)4, is a colorless, highly explosive liquid. Its chemical structure consists of a carbon atom covalently bonded to four azide functional groups.
Canopy (grape)	In viticulture, the canopy of a grapevine includes the parts of the vine visible aboveground - the trunk, cordon, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit. The canopy plays a key role in light energy capture via photosynthesis, water use as regulated by transpiration, and microclimate of ripening grapes. Canopy management is an important aspect of viticulture due to its effect on grape yields, quality, vigor, and the prevention of grape diseases. Various viticulture problems, such as uneven grape ripening, sunburn, and frost damage, can be addressed by skillful canopy management. In addition to pruning and leaf trim, the canopy is often trained on trellis systems to guide its growth and assist in access for ongoing management and harvest.
Fundamental theorem of algebra	The fundamental theorem of algebra, also known as d'Alembert's theorem, or the d'Alembert–Gauss theorem, states that every non-constant single-variable polynomial with complex coefficients has at least one complex root. This includes polynomials with real coefficients, since every real number is a complex number with its imaginary part equal to zero. Equivalently (by definition), the theorem states that the field of complex numbers is algebraically closed. The theorem is also stated as follows: every non-zero, single-variable, degree n polynomial with complex coefficients has, counted with multiplicity, exactly n complex roots. The equivalence of the two statements can be proven through the use of successive polynomial division. Despite its name, there is no purely algebraic proof of the theorem, since any proof must use some form of the analytic completeness of the real numbers, which is not an algebraic concept. Additionally, it is not fundamental for modern algebra; its name was given at a time when algebra was synonymous with theory of equations.
Base metal	A base metal is a common and inexpensive metal, as opposed to a precious metal such as gold or silver. In numismatics, coins often derived their value from the precious metal content; however, base metals have also been used in coins in the past and today.
Bagnold formula	The Bagnold formula, named after Ralph Alger Bagnold, relates the amount of sand moved by the wind to wind speed by saltation. It states that the mass transport of sand is proportional to the third power of the friction velocity. Under steady conditions, this implies that mass transport is proportional to the third power of the excess of the wind speed (at any fixed height over the sand surface) over the minimum wind speed that is able to activate and sustain a continuous flow of sand grains. The formula was derived by Bagnold in 1936 and later published in his book The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes in 1941. Wind tunnel and field experiments suggest that the formula is basically correct. It has later been modified by several researchers, but is still considered to be the benchmark formula.In its simplest form, Bagnold's formula may be expressed as: q=CρgdDu∗3 where q represents the mass transport of sand across a lane of unit width; C is a dimensionless constant of order unity that depends on the sand sorting; ρ is the density of air; g is the local gravitational acceleration; d is the reference grain size for the sand; D is the nearly uniform grain size originally used in Bagnold's experiments (250 micrometres); and, finally, u∗ is friction velocity proportional to the square root of the shear stress between the wind and the sheet of moving sand.
FABP1	FABP1 is a human gene coding for the protein product FABP1 (Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 1). It is also frequently known as liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (LFABP). FABP1 is primarily expressed in the liver where it is involved in the binding, transport and metabolism of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), endocannabinoids, phytocannabinoids (and less so for synthetic cannabinoid receptor (CBR) agonists and antagonists) and other hydrophobic molecules. Altered expression of the protein has been linked to metabolic conditions including obesity.
Restaurant Standard Buffet	A Restaurant Standard Buffet (RSB) is a type of rail passenger car that operates on railway lines within the United Kingdom.
D-lactate dehydratase	D-lactate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.130, glyoxylase III) is an enzyme with systematic name (R)-lactate hydro-lyase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction (R)-lactate ⇌ methylglyoxal + H2OThe enzyme converts methylglyoxal to (R)-lactate.
Zinc Finger Protein 800	Zinc Finger Protein 800 or ZNF800 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF800 gene. The specific function of ZNF800 is not yet well understood by the scientific community.
Pigment yellow 139	Pigment yellow 139 is an organic compound that is used as a yellow-orange pigment. It is classified as a derivative of isoindoline. This yellow-orange solid is virtually insoluble in most solvents.The species is prepared by addition of ammonia to o-phthalonitrile to give the diiminoisoindoline, which in turn condenses with barbituric acid.
Foldamer	In chemistry, a foldamer is a discrete chain molecule (oligomer) that folds into a conformationally ordered state in solution. They are artificial molecules that mimic the ability of proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides to fold into well-defined conformations, such as α-helices and β-sheets. The structure of a foldamer is stabilized by noncovalent interactions between nonadjacent monomers. Foldamers are studied with the main goal of designing large molecules with predictable structures. The study of foldamers is related to the themes of molecular self-assembly, molecular recognition, and host–guest chemistry.
Nokia 2100	The Nokia 2100 is a mobile phone announced and released in Q1 2003.It is a derivative of the more popular Nokia 1100 and serves as a spiritual successor to the Nokia 8210, sharing a similar button layout and small dimension. It is rebranded as Nokia 3610 for some markets. It also included some of the popular Nokia games available, which were Space Impact, Snake II and Link5. Space Impact most notably, included better graphics than the Nokia 3310 and others, but being more slow and having bad framerate. Despite having black and white display, and it having low resolution, Nokia 2100 included graphic redactor for images, which people could then save and send via MMS. On the back it included a slot, in which people could insert a small photograph, or a very slim object, and see it through the plastic cover. It was succeeded by the Nokia 2115 in 2005.
Vanillin–HCl staining	Vanillin–HCl staining (10% vanillin and 90% of a mixture of ethanol and HCl, giving an orange color) can be used to visualize the localisation of tannins in cells. The localization of phlorotannins can be investigated by light microscopy after vanillin–HCl staining. The phlorotannins can be seen this way in physodes in brown algae. The vanillin-HCl method can be used to estimate the proanthocyanidins content in plant cells, resulting in a red color of the test in the presence of catechin or proanthocyanidins.
Obtusifoliol	Obtusifoliol is a metabolic intermediate of sterols made by certain fungi. It can be converted to delta8,14-sterol by the enzyme ERG11 (CYP51F1).
Urtoxazumab	Urtoxazumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against diarrhoea caused by Escherichia coli, serotype O121. The drug is designed to bind to a toxin of this bacterium, so that it can be more easily broken down and eliminated from the body.
Boxy SVG	Boxy SVG is a vector graphics editor for creating illustrations, as well as logos, icons, and other elements of graphic design. It is primarily focused on editing drawings in the SVG file format. The program is available as both a web app and a desktop application for Windows, macOS, ChromeOS, and Linux-based operating systems.
Spinorphin	Spinorphin is an endogenous, non-classical opioid peptide of the hemorphin family first isolated from the bovine spinal cord (hence the prefix spin-) and acts as a regulator of the enkephalinases, a class of enzymes that break down endogenous the enkephalin peptides. It does so by inhibiting the enzymes aminopeptidase N (APN), dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP3), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and neutral endopeptidase (NEP). Spinorphin is a heptapeptide and has the amino acid sequence Leu-Val-Val-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Thr (LVVYPWT). It has been observed to possess antinociceptive, antiallodynic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The mechanism of action of spinorphin has not been fully elucidated (i.e., how it acts to inhibit the enkephalinases), but it has been found to act as an antagonist of the P2X3 receptor, and as a weak partial agonist/antagonist of the FP1 receptor.
Gelatin silver process	The gelatin silver process is the most commonly used chemical process in black-and-white photography, and is the fundamental chemical process for modern analog color photography. As such, films and printing papers available for analog photography rarely rely on any other chemical process to record an image. A suspension of silver salts in gelatin is coated onto a support such as glass, flexible plastic or film, baryta paper, or resin-coated paper. These light-sensitive materials are stable under normal keeping conditions and are able to be exposed and processed even many years after their manufacture. The "dry plate" gelatin process was an improvement on the collodion wet-plate process dominant from the 1850s–1880s, which had to be exposed and developed immediately after coating.
Lysis buffer	A lysis buffer is a buffer solution used for the purpose of breaking open cells for use in molecular biology experiments that analyze the labile macromolecules of the cells (e.g. western blot for protein, or for DNA extraction). Most lysis buffers contain buffering salts (e.g. Tris-HCl) and ionic salts (e.g. NaCl) to regulate the pH and osmolarity of the lysate. Sometimes detergents (such as Triton X-100 or SDS) are added to break up membrane structures. For lysis buffers targeted at protein extraction, protease inhibitors are often included, and in difficult cases may be almost required. Lysis buffers can be used on both animal and plant tissue cells.
Aztec Code	The Aztec Code is a matrix code invented by Andrew Longacre, Jr. and Robert Hussey in 1995. The code was published by AIM, Inc. in 1997. Although the Aztec Code was patented, that patent was officially made public domain. The Aztec Code is also published as ISO/IEC 24778:2008 standard. Named after the resemblance of the central finder pattern to an Aztec pyramid, Aztec Code has the potential to use less space than other matrix barcodes because it does not require a surrounding blank "quiet zone".
Microsoft Art Gallery	Microsoft Art Gallery is a 1993 educational and interactive guide for the London National Gallery published by Microsoft.
Court usher	An usher is a person who welcomes and shows people where to sit, especially at a church, theatre or when attending a wedding.
Leigh Tesfatsion	Leigh Tesfatsion is a computational economist who taught at Iowa State University. She received her doctorate at the University of Minnesota, and taught at the University of Southern California before moving to Iowa State. She is known for promoting agent-based models as an alternative to rational expectations general equilibrium models for studying markets, finance, and macroeconomic phenomena. Her works are widely cited in the literature on the subject.
TrigML	TrigML is an XML mark-up language for user interfaces owned by Qualcomm and part of the BREW Platform. It was procured on October 12, 2004 when Qualcomm bought out a UK based company called Trigenix. Following the acquisition, TrigML, and its accompanying integrated development environment (IDE) were rebranded by Qualcomm as uiOne.All development on uiOne was stopped in 2009 when Qualcomm made all the Engineering staff working on uiOne redundant.
Memtest86	MemTest86 and Memtest86+ are memory test software programs designed to test and stress test an x86 architecture computer's random-access memory (RAM) for errors, by writing test patterns to most memory addresses, reading back the data, and comparing for errors. Each tries to verify that the RAM will accept and correctly retain arbitrary patterns of data written to it, that there are no errors where different bits of memory interact, and that there are no conflicts between memory addresses.
Non-overlapping magisteria	Non-overlapping magisteria (NOMA) is the view, advocated by paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould, that science and religion each represent different areas of inquiry, fact vs. values, so there is a difference between the "nets" over which they have "a legitimate magisterium, or domain of teaching authority", and the two domains do not overlap. He suggests, with examples, that "NOMA enjoys strong and fully explicit support, even from the primary cultural stereotypes of hard-line traditionalism" and that it is "a sound position of general consensus, established by long struggle among people of goodwill in both magisteria." Some have criticized the idea or suggested limitations to it, and there continues to be disagreement over where the boundaries between the two magisteria should be.
Fansite	A fansite, fan site, fan blog or fan page is a website created and maintained by a fan or devotee about a celebrity, thing, or particular cultural phenomenon.
Draisine	A draisine (English: ) is a light auxiliary rail vehicle, driven by service personnel or own user, equipped to transport crew and material necessary for the maintenance of railway infrastructure. This includes leisure, driven by the own user, in a safe way (i.e. not inclined planes).
Journal of Gene Medicine	The Journal of Gene Medicine is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering gene therapy and other uses of genetic technologies for medical purposes. It was established in 1999 and is published by John Wiley & Sons. The editors-in-chief is Gening Jiang (Tongji University). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 4.565, ranking it 43rd out of 160 journals in the category "Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology".
Growth hormone secretagogue	Growth hormone secretagogues or GH secretagogues (GHSs) are a class of drugs which act as secretagogues (i.e., induce the secretion) of growth hormone (GH). They include agonists of the ghrelin/growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), such as ghrelin (lenomorelin), pralmorelin (GHRP-2), GHRP-6, examorelin (hexarelin), ipamorelin, and ibutamoren (MK-677), and agonists of the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR), such as growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH, somatorelin), CJC-1295, sermorelin, and tesamorelin.Many of them also induce the secretion of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), as well as of other hypothalamic-pituitary hormones such as prolactin and cortisol. The main clinical application of these agents is the treatment of growth hormone deficiency. They also see black market use, similarly to anabolic steroids, for bodybuilding purposes.
CDP-ribitol ribitolphosphotransferase	In enzymology, a CDP-ribitol ribitolphosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.14) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction CDP-ribitol + (ribitol phosphate)n ⇌ CMP + (ribitol phosphate)n+1Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are CDP-ribitol and (ribitol phosphate)n, whereas its two products are CMP and (ribitol phosphate)n+1. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring non-standard substituted phosphate groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is CDP-ribitol:poly(ribitol phosphate) ribitolphosphotransferase. Other names in common use include teichoic-acid synthase, polyribitol phosphate synthetase, teichoate synthetase, poly(ribitol phosphate) synthetase, polyribitol phosphate polymerase, and teichoate synthase.
Discrete element method	A discrete element method (DEM), also called a distinct element method, is any of a family of numerical methods for computing the motion and effect of a large number of small particles. Though DEM is very closely related to molecular dynamics, the method is generally distinguished by its inclusion of rotational degrees-of-freedom as well as stateful contact and often complicated geometries (including polyhedra). With advances in computing power and numerical algorithms for nearest neighbor sorting, it has become possible to numerically simulate millions of particles on a single processor. Today DEM is becoming widely accepted as an effective method of addressing engineering problems in granular and discontinuous materials, especially in granular flows, powder mechanics, and rock mechanics. DEM has been extended into the Extended Discrete Element Method taking heat transfer, chemical reaction and coupling to CFD and FEM into account.
Dapoxetine	Dapoxetine, marketed as Priligy, among others, is a medication used for the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE) in men 18–64 years old. Dapoxetine works by inhibiting the serotonin transporter, increasing serotonin's action at the postsynaptic cleft, and as a consequence promoting ejaculatory delay. As a member of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) family, dapoxetine was initially created as an antidepressant. However, unlike other SSRIs, dapoxetine is absorbed and eliminated rapidly in the body. Its fast-acting property makes it suitable for the treatment of PE, but not as an antidepressant.Originally created by Eli Lilly pharmaceutical company, dapoxetine was sold to Johnson & Johnson in 2003 and submitted as a New Drug Application to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of PE in 2004. Dapoxetine is sold in several European and Asian countries, and in Mexico. In the US, dapoxetine has been in phase III development. In May 2012, US-based Furiex Pharmaceuticals reached an agreement with ALZA Corp and Janssen Pharmaceutica to market dapoxetine in the USA, Japan, and Canada, while selling the rights to market the drug in Europe, most of Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East to Menarini.
Fail-deadly	Fail-deadly is a concept in nuclear military strategy that encourages deterrence by guaranteeing an immediate, automatic, and overwhelming response to an attack, even if there is no one to trigger such retaliation. The term fail-deadly was coined as a contrast to fail-safe.

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