source stringlengths 1 149 ⌀ | text stringlengths 18 204k |
|---|---|
60S ribosomal protein L34 | 60S ribosomal protein L34 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL34 gene. |
Animal model of stroke | Animal models of stroke are procedures undertaken in animals (including non-human primates) intending to provoke pathophysiological states that are similar to those of human stroke to study basic processes or potential therapeutic interventions in this disease. Aim is the extension of the knowledge on and/or the improvement of medical treatment of human stroke. |
Prosthaphaeresis | Prosthaphaeresis (from the Greek προσθαφαίρεσις) was an algorithm used in the late 16th century and early 17th century for approximate multiplication and division using formulas from trigonometry. For the 25 years preceding the invention of the logarithm in 1614, it was the only known generally applicable way of approximating products quickly. Its name comes from the Greek prosthesis (πρόσθεσις) and aphaeresis (ἀφαίρεσις), meaning addition and subtraction, two steps in the process. |
Expanded memory | In DOS memory management, expanded memory is a system of bank switching that provided additional memory to DOS programs beyond the limit of conventional memory (640 KiB). |
The Question Concerning Technology | The Question Concerning Technology (German: Die Frage nach der Technik) is a work by Martin Heidegger, in which the author discusses the essence of technology. Heidegger originally published the text in 1954, in Vorträge und Aufsätze.
Heidegger initially developed the themes in the text in the lecture "The Framework" ("Das Gestell"), first presented on December 1, 1949, in Bremen. "The Framework" was presented as the second of four lectures, collectively called "Insight into what is." The other lectures were titled "The Thing" ("Das Ding"), "The Danger" ("Die Gefahr"), and "The Turning" ("Die Kehre"). |
Squirrel (debate) | A squirrel is a term in debating jargon, particularly in parliamentary debate, that indicates a definition from the side of the opening speaker that makes it too easy for his or her side. The first speaker in a debate, who is defending the motion or proposition, generally has to define the terms used in the motion. When this definition is done in an unexpected way, it can favour the opening side, because that side had been able to prepare for the particular interpretation in the preparation time. For example, if the motion read "This House Would dissolve the police", it would be a squirrel to refer to the band The Police instead of the police. Another squirrel in this case, that helps the opening side by making the debate generally easier for them, is to add unreasonable exceptions to the motion. For example, defending "dissolving the police" except in cases where it has to "uphold the law" is rather easy. |
Mercury granuloma | Mercury granulomas is the result of mercury exposure, a skin condition characterized by foreign-body giant cell reaction.: 46 |
Didáctica Tecnológica | Technological didactics is an English translation of Didáctica Tecnológica, a common term in Spanish educational discourse. It refers to the study of the influence of technology upon didactics. This field seeks to elucidate the role of technology within the various educational settings, and its direct and indirect influence upon the process of teaching and learning.
It starts with a specific analysis of each of the didactic components: objectives, content, method, medium, evaluation, and organizational forms; and finally a high-level analysis of the relationships among each of those components, always incorporating the technological component.
As a distinct body of knowledge relating to teaching methods, technological didactics developed during the 1990s, with the introduction of new technology into teaching. Linguistic, cultural, and cognitive perspectives have all contributed. |
Platoon system | A platoon system in baseball or American football is a method for substituting players in groups (platoons), to keep complementary players together during playing time.
In baseball, it's usually used to optimize batting performance against pitchers of opposite handedness. Right-handed batters generally perform better against left-handed pitchers and vice versa. Despite some resistance from players who prefer consistent play time, this strategy has been effectively used by managers like Casey Stengel of the New York Yankees to win multiple World Series championships. |
Plasma pencil | The plasma pencil is a dielectric tube where two disk-shaped electrodes of about the same diameter as the tube are inserted, and are separated by a small gap. Each of the two electrodes is made of a thin copper ring attached to the surface of a centrally perforated dielectric disk. The plasma is ignited when nanoseconds-wide high voltage pulses at kHz repetition rate are applied between the two electrodes and a gas mixture (such as helium and oxygen) is flown through the holes of the electrodes. When a plasma is ignited in the gap between the electrodes, a plasma plume reaching lengths up to 12 cm is launched through the aperture of the outer electrode and into the surrounding room air. The cold plasma plume emitted by the plasma pencil can be used to kill bacteria without harming skin tissue. Applications of the plasma pencil are in wound healing, killing of oral bacteria, and in controlled surface modification of heat-sensitive materials. The plasma pencil was invented by Mounir Laroussi, a plasma science professor at Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA. |
Monit | Monit is a free, open-source process supervision tool for Unix and Linux. With Monit, system status can be viewed directly from the command line, or via the native HTTP(S) web server. Monit is able to do automatic maintenance, repair, and run meaningful causal actions in error situations. Monit rose to popularity with Ruby on Rails and the Mongrel web server, because a tool was needed that could manage the many identical Mongrel processes that needed to be run to support a scalable Ruby on Rails site, and Monit was fairly uniquely suited for the needs of the Ruby on Rails community. Many popular Rails sites have used Monit, including Twitter and scribd.Monit can restart a process automatically if process dies or monitor process characteristics, such as memory or cpu cycles and alert by email or execute and action.Additionally M/Monit can monitor and manage distributed computer systems, M/Monit uses Monit as an agent and can manage and monitor. M/Monit is proprietary software. |
Onion chip | The onion chip is a deep fried snack made from onion.
Unlike potato chips, they are smellier and they have a strong flavor. Onion chips are used and sold as snacks but they can be used in different cuisines around the world. They can be cut and made in circle, square form and piece by piece. In Japanese cuisine, onion chips are used in some sushi. |
Small nucleolar RNA R16 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA R16 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule identified in plants which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA. |
Nitrogen generator | Nitrogen generators and stations are stationary or mobile air-to-nitrogen production complexes. |
Target girl | In circus and vaudeville acts, a target girl is a female assistant in "impalement" acts such as knife throwing, archery or sharpshooting. The assistant stands in front of a target board or is strapped to a moving board and the impalement artist throws knives or shoots projectiles so as to hit the board and miss the assistant. The image or character of the target girl has become an icon in fiction and visual media. |
Wing wall | A wing wall (also "wingwall" or "wing-wall") is a smaller wall attached or next to a larger wall or structure. |
Virtual globe | A virtual globe is a three-dimensional (3D) software model or representation of Earth or another world. A virtual globe provides the user with the ability to freely move around in the virtual environment by changing the viewing angle and position. Compared to a conventional globe, virtual globes have the additional capability of representing many different views of the surface of Earth. These views may be of geographical features, man-made features such as roads and buildings, or abstract representations of demographic quantities such as population. |
Small nucleolar RNA SNORA49 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA ACA49 is a snoRNA, originally cloned in 2004 from a HeLa cell extract immunoprecipitated with an anti-GAR1 antibody. It has no identified target RNA. |
Jayant Haritsa | Jayant R. Haritsa is an Indian computer scientist and professor. He is on the faculty of the CDS and CSA departments at Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. He works on the design and analysis of Database Systems. In 2009 he won the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize sponsored by CSIR, India. In 2014 he won the Infosys Prize for Engineering. |
Aquaporin-7 | Aquaporin-7 (AQP-7) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AQP7 gene.Aquaporins/major intrinsic proteins (MIP) are a family of water-selective membrane channels. Aquaporin-7 has greater sequence similarity with AQP3 and AQP9 and they may be a subfamily. Aquaporin-7 and AQP3 are at the same chromosomal location suggesting that 9p13 may be a site of an aquaporin cluster. Aquaporin-7 facilitates water, glycerol and urea transport. It may play an important role in thermoregulation in the form of perspiration, and sperm function. |
24/7 service | In commerce and industry, 24/7 or 24-7 service (usually pronounced "twenty-four seven") is service that is available at any time and usually, every day. An alternate orthography for the numerical part includes 24×7 (usually pronounced "twenty-four by seven"). The numerals stand for "24 hours a day, 7 days a week". Less commonly used, 24/7/52 (adding "52 weeks") and 24/7/365 service (adding "365 days") make it clear that service is available every day of the year. |
TEA (text editor) | TEA is a graphical text editor for power users. It is designed for low resource consumption, a wide range of functions and adaptability, and is available for all desktop operating systems supported by Qt 6, 5 or 4.6+, thus also OS/2 and Haiku OS. Its user interface is localized in several languages. |
Tube (fluid conveyance) | A tube, or tubing, is a long hollow cylinder used for moving fluids (liquids or gases) or to protect electrical or optical cables and wires. |
Elkonin boxes | Elkonin boxes are an instructional method used in the early elementary grades especially in children with reading difficulties and inadequate responders in order to build phonemic awareness by segmenting words into individual sounds. They are named after D.B. Elkonin, the Russian psychologist who pioneered their use. The "boxes" are squares drawn on a piece of paper or a chalkboard, with one box for each sound or phoneme. To use Elkonin boxes, a child listens to a word and moves a token into a box for each sound or phoneme. In some cases different colored tokens may be used for consonants and vowels or just for each phoneme in the word. |
Service catalog | A service catalog (or catalogue), is an organized and curated collection of business and information technology services within an enterprise.
Service catalogs are knowledge management tools which designate subject matter experts (SMEs) who answer questions and requests related to the listed service. Services in the catalog are usually very repeatable and have controlled inputs, outputs, and procedures.
Service catalogs allow leadership to break the enterprise into highly structured and more efficient operational units, also known as "a service-oriented enterprise." |
Self accelerating decomposition temperature | The self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) is the lowest temperature at which an organic peroxide in a typical vessel or shipping package will undergo a self-accelerating decomposition within one week. The SADT is the point at which the heat evolution from the decomposition reaction and the heat removal rate from the package of interest become unbalanced. When the heat removal is too low, the temperature in the package increases and the rate of decomposition increases in an uncontrollable manner. The result is therefore dependent on the formulation and the package characteristics.A self-accelerating decomposition occurs when the rate of peroxide decomposition is sufficient to generate heat at a faster rate than it can be dissipated to the environment. Temperature is the main factor in determining the decomposition rate, although the size of the package is also important since its dimensions will determine the ability to dissipate heat to the environment. |
Trade promotion (marketing) | In business and marketing, “trade” refers to the relationship between manufacturers and retailers. Trade Promotion refers to marketing activities that are executed in retail between these two partners. Trade Promotion is a marketing technique aimed at increasing demand for products in retail stores based on special pricing, display fixtures, demonstrations, value-added bonuses, no-obligation gifts, and more.Trade Promotions can offer several benefits to businesses. Retail stores can be an extremely competitive environment; trade promotions can help companies differentiate their products from the competition. Companies can utilize Trade Promotions to increase product visibility and brand awareness with consumers. Trade Promotions can also increase a product's consumption rate, or the average quantity of a product used by consumers in a given time period. Furthermore, effective Trade Promotions can enlarge a product's market segment penetration, or the product's total sales in proportion to the category's competition. Moreover, companies use Trade Promotions to improve distribution of their product(s) at retailers and strengthen relationships with retailers. Lastly, Trade Promotions can be leveraged to introduce new product launches into retail stores. |
Post-modern portfolio theory | Simply stated, Post-Modern Portfolio Theory (PMPT) is an extension of the traditional Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) of Markowitz and Sharpe. Both theories provide analytical methods for rational investors to use diversification to optimize their investment portfolios. The essential difference between PMPT and MPT is that PMPT emphasizes the return that must be earned on an investment in order to meet future, specified obligations, MPT is concened only with the absolute return vis-a-vis the risk-free rate. |
Navajo grammar | Navajo is a "verb-heavy" language – it has a great preponderance of verbs but relatively few nouns. In addition to verbs and nouns, Navajo has other elements such as pronouns, clitics of various functions, demonstratives, numerals, postpositions, adverbs, and conjunctions, among others. Harry Hoijer grouped all of the above into a word-class he called particles (i.e., Navajo would then have verbs, nouns, and particles). Navajo has no words that would correspond to adjectives in English grammar: verbs provide the adjectival functionality. |
Stone duality | In mathematics, there is an ample supply of categorical dualities between certain categories of topological spaces and categories of partially ordered sets. Today, these dualities are usually collected under the label Stone duality, since they form a natural generalization of Stone's representation theorem for Boolean algebras. These concepts are named in honor of Marshall Stone. Stone-type dualities also provide the foundation for pointless topology and are exploited in theoretical computer science for the study of formal semantics. |
FROG | In cryptography, FROG is a block cipher authored by Georgoudis, Leroux and Chaves. The algorithm can work with any block size between 8 and 128 bytes, and supports key sizes between 5 and 125 bytes. The algorithm consists of 8 rounds and has a very complicated key schedule. It was submitted in 1998 by TecApro, a Costa Rican software company, to the AES competition as a candidate to become the Advanced Encryption Standard. Wagner et al. (1999) found a number of weak key classes for FROG. Other problems included very slow key setup and relatively slow encryption. FROG was not selected as a finalist. |
NINA (accelerator) | NINA was a particle accelerator located at Daresbury Laboratory, UK that was used for particle physics and synchrotron radiation. |
Homophobia | Homophobia encompasses a range of negative attitudes and feelings toward homosexuality or people who identify or are perceived as being lesbian, gay or bisexual. It has been defined as contempt, prejudice, aversion, hatred or antipathy, may be based on irrational fear and may sometimes be related to religious beliefs.Homophobia is observable in critical and hostile behavior such as discrimination and violence on the basis of sexual orientations that are non-heterosexual. Recognized types of homophobia include institutionalized homophobia, e.g. religious homophobia and state-sponsored homophobia, and internalized homophobia, experienced by people who have same-sex attractions, regardless of how they identify.Negative attitudes toward identifiable LGBT groups have similar yet specific names: lesbophobia is the intersection of homophobia and sexism directed against lesbians, gayphobia is the dislike or hatred of gay men, biphobia targets bisexuality and bisexual people, and transphobia targets transgender and transsexual people and gender variance or gender role nonconformity. According to 2010 Hate Crimes Statistics released by the FBI National Press Office, 19.3 percent of hate crimes across the United States "were motivated by a sexual orientation bias." Moreover, in a Southern Poverty Law Center 2010 Intelligence Report extrapolating data from FBI national hate crime statistics from 1995 to 2008, found that LGBT people were "far more likely than any other minority group in the United States to be victimized by violent hate crime." |
Ancestim | Ancestim is a recombinant methionyl human stem cell factor, branded by Amgen as StemGen. It was developed by Amgen and sold to Biovitrium, now Swedish Orphan Biovitrum, in December, 2008.It is a 166 amino acid protein produced by E. coli bacteria into which a gene has been inserted for soluble human stem cell factor. It has a monomeric molecular weight of approximately 18,500 daltons and normally exists as a noncovalently associated dimer. The protein has an amino acid sequence that is identical to the natural sequence predicted from human DNA sequence analysis, except for the addition of an N-terminal methionine retained after expression in E. coli. Because Ancestim is produced in E. coli, it is nonglycosylated. Ancestim is supplied as a sterile, white, preservative-free, lyophilised powder for reconstitution and administration as a subcutaneous (SC) injection and is indicated for use in combination with filgrastim for mobilizing peripheral hematopoietic stem cells for later transplantation in certain cancer patients. |
Night flying restrictions | Night flying restrictions or night-time curfews, including night flight bans, are any regulations or legislation imposed by a governing body to limit the ground-perceived exposure to aircraft noise pollution during the night hours, when the majority of residents are trying to sleep. Such regulations may include restrictions to available flight paths, or prohibitions against takeoffs, or prohibitions against takeoffs and landings, or prohibitions against ground operations (engine runups or taxiing). |
UltimateDefrag | UltimateDefrag is a retail file-system defragmentation utility made by DiskTrix. An older version of the program is available as the UltimateDefrag Freeware Edition. |
Festival Speech Synthesis System | The Festival Speech Synthesis System is a general multi-lingual speech synthesis system originally developed by Alan W. Black, Paul Taylor and Richard Caley at the Centre for Speech Technology Research (CSTR) at the University of Edinburgh. Substantial contributions have also been provided by Carnegie Mellon University and other sites. It is distributed under a free software license similar to the BSD License. |
Monotonicity (mechanism design) | In mechanism design, monotonicity is a property of a social choice function. It is a necessary condition for being able to implement the function using a strategyproof mechanism. Its verbal description is: If changing one agent's type (while keeping the types of other agents fixed) changes the outcome under the social choice function, then the resulting difference in utilities of the new and original outcomes evaluated at the new type of this agent must be at least as much as this difference in utilities evaluated at the original type of this agent. |
Voice phishing | Voice phishing, or vishing, is the use of telephony (often Voice over IP telephony) to conduct phishing attacks. |
Urinary diversion | Urinary diversion is any one of several surgical procedures to reroute urine flow from its normal pathway. It may be necessary for diseased or defective ureters, bladder or urethra, either temporarily or permanently. Some diversions result in a stoma. |
Runtime verification | Runtime verification is a computing system analysis and execution approach based on extracting information from a running system and using it to detect and possibly react to observed behaviors satisfying or violating certain properties. Some very particular properties, such as datarace and deadlock freedom, are typically desired to be satisfied by all systems and may be best implemented algorithmically. Other properties can be more conveniently captured as formal specifications. Runtime verification specifications are typically expressed in trace predicate formalisms, such as finite state machines, regular expressions, context-free patterns, linear temporal logics, etc., or extensions of these. This allows for a less ad-hoc approach than normal testing. However, any mechanism for monitoring an executing system is considered runtime verification, including verifying against test oracles and reference implementations. When formal requirements specifications are provided, monitors are synthesized from them and infused within the system by means of instrumentation. Runtime verification can be used for many purposes, such as security or safety policy monitoring, debugging, testing, verification, validation, profiling, fault protection, behavior modification (e.g., recovery), etc. Runtime verification avoids the complexity of traditional formal verification techniques, such as model checking and theorem proving, by analyzing only one or a few execution traces and by working directly with the actual system, thus scaling up relatively well and giving more confidence in the results of the analysis (because it avoids the tedious and error-prone step of formally modelling the system), at the expense of less coverage. Moreover, through its reflective capabilities runtime verification can be made an integral part of the target system, monitoring and guiding its execution during deployment. |
LFER solvent coefficients (data page) | This page provides supplementary data and solvent coefficients for linear free-energy relationships. |
International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology | The International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology is a scientific book series that publishes articles on plant and animal cell biology. Until 2008 it was known as the International Review of Cytology. |
Glycoprotein endo-alpha-1,2-mannosidase | Glycoprotein endo-α-1,2-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.130, glucosylmannosidase, endo-α-D-mannosidase, endo-α-mannosidase, endomannosidase, glucosyl mannosidase) is an enzyme with systematic name glycoprotein glucosylmannohydrolase. It catalyses the hydrolysis of the terminal α-D-glucosyl-(1,3)-D-mannosyl unit from the GlcMan9(GlcNAc)2 oligosaccharide component of the glycoprotein produced in the Golgi membrane.
This protein is involved in the synthesis of glycoproteins. |
Soft-skinned vehicle | In military terminology, a soft-skinned vehicle is any vehicle that is not armored, such as a truck, motorcycle, Jeep or car. The term soft-skinned vehicle may apply also to half-tracks and scouting vehicles having little or no armor. These can be used as general-purpose workhorses, like a 53-seater coach or pick-up, a military police vehicle, or a car used for undercover work on the home front. |
Eki stamp | An eki stamp (駅スタンプ, train station stamp) is a free collectible rubber ink stamp, which is found at many train stations in Japan and Taiwan. Their designs typically feature imagery emblematic of the station's associated city or surrounding area, such as landmarks, mascots, and locally produced goods. |
ABT-202 | ABT-202 is a drug developed by Abbott, which acts as an agonist at neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and has been researched for use as an analgesic, although it has not passed clinical trials. |
Speakeasy | A speakeasy, also called a blind pig or blind tiger, is an illicit establishment that sells alcoholic beverages, or a retro style bar that replicates aspects of historical speakeasies.
Speakeasy bars came into prominence in the United States during the Prohibition era (1920–1933, longer in some states). During that time, the sale, manufacture, and transportation (bootlegging) of alcoholic beverages was illegal throughout the United States. Speakeasies largely disappeared after Prohibition ended in 1933. The speakeasy-style trend began in 2000 with the opening of the bar Milk & Honey. |
Shea butter | Shea butter (, , or ; Bambara: sìtulu ߛߌ߮ߕߎߟߎ) is a fat (triglyceride; mainly oleic acid and stearic acid) extracted from the nut of the African shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa). It is ivory in color when raw and commonly dyed yellow with borututu root or palm oil. It is widely used in cosmetics as a moisturizer, salve or lotion. Shea butter is edible and is used in food preparation in some African countries. Occasionally, shea butter is mixed with other oils as a substitute for cocoa butter, although the taste is noticeably different.The English word "shea" comes from sǐ, the tree's name in Bambara. It is known by many local names, such as kpakahili in the Dagbani language, taama in the Wali language, nkuto in Twi, kaɗe or kaɗanya in Hausa, òkwùmá in the Igbo language, òrí in the Yoruba language, karité in the Wolof language of Senegal, and ori in some parts of West Africa and many others. |
English nouns | English nouns form the largest category of words in English, both in terms of the number of different words and in terms of how often they are used in typical texts. The three main categories of English nouns are common nouns, proper nouns, and pronouns. A defining feature of English nouns is their ability to inflect for number, as through the plural –s morpheme. English nouns primarily function as the heads of noun phrases, which prototypically function at the clause level as subjects, objects, and predicative complements. These phrases are the only English phrases whose structure includes determinatives and predeterminatives, which add abstract specifying meaning such as definiteness and proximity. Like nouns in general, English nouns typically denote physical objects, but they also denote actions (e.g., get up and have a stretch), characteristics (e.g., this red is lovely), relations in space (e.g., closeness), and just about anything at all. Taken all together, these features separate English nouns from the language's other lexical categories, such as adjectives and verbs. |
Portable, Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation | The Portable, Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation (PETSc, pronounced PET-see; the S is silent), is a suite of data structures and routines developed by Argonne National Laboratory for the scalable (parallel) solution of scientific applications modeled by partial differential equations. It employs the Message Passing Interface (MPI) standard for all message-passing communication. PETSc is the world’s most widely used parallel numerical software library for partial differential equations and sparse matrix computations. PETSc received an R&D 100 Award in 2009. The PETSc Core Development Group won the SIAM/ACM Prize in Computational Science and Engineering for 2015.PETSc is intended for use in large-scale application projects, many ongoing computational science projects are built around the PETSc libraries. Its careful design allows advanced users to have detailed control over the solution process. PETSc includes a large suite of parallel linear and nonlinear equation solvers that are easily used in application codes written in C, C++, Fortran and now Python. PETSc provides many of the mechanisms needed within parallel application code, such as simple parallel matrix and vector assembly routines that allow the overlap of communication and computation. In addition, PETSc includes support for parallel distributed arrays useful for finite difference methods. |
Silverstone (plastic) | SilverStone is a non-stick plastic coating made by DuPont. Released in 1976, this three-coat (primer/midcoat/topcoat) fluoropolymer system formulated with PTFE and PFA produces a more durable finish than Teflon coating. |
Olaf Schenk | Olaf Schenk is a German mathematician and computer scientist. He is full professor of the faculty of Informatics at the Università della Svizzera italiana (USI) in Lugano, and external lecturer of the Department of Mathematics at ETH Zurich. Schenk is a senior member of scholar associations as IEEE, and ACM. His research interests are inherent to the field of High-performance computing, in particular to the development and optimization of algorithms and software tools to perform large-scale simulations. One of his main contribution is the PARDISO project, a software tool for solving large-scale sparse matrices. He is the co-director of the Institute of Computing and of the Master of Science in Computational Science at USI. |
Artist's proof | An artist's proof is an impression of a print taken in the printmaking process to see the current printing state of a plate while the plate (or stone, or woodblock) is being worked on by the artist. A proof may show a clearly incomplete image, often called a working proof or trial impression, but in modern practice is usually used to describe an impression of the finished work that is identical to the numbered copies. There can also be printer's proofs which are taken for the printer to see how the image is printing, or are final impressions the printer is allowed to keep; but normally the term "artist's proof" would cover both cases. |
Jose G. Dorea | Jose G. Dorea is a professor at the University of Brasilia's department of nutritional sciences. He obtained his DVM from the Rural University of Pernambuco, and has an MS and a PhD from the University of Massachusetts Amherst in Nutritional Biochemistry. He has published over 170 peer-reviewed papers, mostly in the field of heavy metals toxicology. He has provided consulting services to the International Atomic Energy Agency, and serves as an editor of a number of scientific journals, including the Journal of Pediatric Biochemistry. Dorea has published a number of papers regarding the safety of thimerosal-containing vaccines.In addition, Dorea has conducted research concluding that miners in the Amazon exposed to the mercury used to extract gold did not suffer from mercury poisoning as a result. |
Doxylamine | Doxylamine, sold under the brand name Unisom among others, is an antihistamine medication which is used in the treatment of insomnia and allergies. In combination with pyridoxine (vitamin B6), it is also used to treat morning sickness in pregnant women. Doxylamine is available over-the-counter, and is used in nighttime cold medicines, such as NyQuil, as well as in pain medications containing acetaminophen and codeine, to help with sleep. The medication is taken by mouth. |
PMB (software) | PMB is a fully featured open source integrated library system. It is continuously developed and maintained by the French company PMB Services. |
Pod vegetable | Pod vegetables are a type of fruit vegetables where pods are often eaten when they are still green.
Such plants as green beans or Lotus tetragonolobus in the family Fabaceae, or okras in the family Malvaceae are examples of pod vegetables. |
Calculagraph | The Calculagraph is a device which mechanically calculates and prints the elapsed time between two events. Their best known, earliest use was as a means of tracking of table usage in pool halls. Later, until the advent of the digital era, they became the standard way to clock the duration of toll telephone calls. |
Thallium(I) nitrate | Thallium(I) nitrate, also known as thallous nitrate, is a thallium compound with the formula TlNO3. It is a colorless and highly toxic salt. |
Ancient DNA | Ancient DNA (aDNA) is DNA isolated from ancient specimens. Due to degradation processes (including cross-linking, deamination and fragmentation) ancient DNA is more degraded in comparison with contemporary genetic material. Even under the best preservation conditions, there is an upper boundary of 0.4–1.5 million years for a sample to contain sufficient DNA for sequencing technologies. The oldest sample ever sequenced is estimated to be 1.65 million years old. Genetic material has been recovered from paleo/archaeological and historical skeletal material, mummified tissues, archival collections of non-frozen medical specimens, preserved plant remains, ice and from permafrost cores, marine and lake sediments and excavation dirt. On 7 December 2022, The New York Times reported that two-million year old genetic material was found in Greenland, and is currently considered the oldest DNA discovered so far. |
Hum Award for Best Onscreen Couple | Best On-screen Couple of the Year is one of the Hum Awards presented annually by the Hum Television Network and Entertainment Channel (HTNEC) to best onscreen couple who has delivered an outstanding chemistry performance while working within the Television industry. Since its inception, however, the award has commonly been referred to as the hum for Best Onscreen Couple. This is one of the viewers choice and voted category in Hum Awards. |
On Ideas | On Ideas (Greek: Περὶ Ἰδεῶν, Peri Ideōn) is a philosophical work which deals with the problem of universals with regards to Plato's Theory of Forms. The work is supposedly by Aristotle, but there isn't universal agreement on this point. It only survives now as fragments in quotations by Alexander of Aphrodisias in his commentary of Aristotle's Metaphysics. |
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor | Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor (TRHR) is a G protein-coupled receptor which binds thyrotropin-releasing hormone.The TRHR is found on the cell membrane of thyrotropes of the anterior pituitary. When the TRHR is activated it associates with a Gαq/11 protein. The TRHR-G protein complex then activates phospholipase C, which causes the formation of inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). This leads to an increase in cytoplasmic calcium ion concentrations which stimulates the exocytosis of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) into the blood. |
Waxtite | Waxtite, also WaxTite is the trade name of the heat-sealed waxed-paper packaging system that was used by Will Keith Kellogg in 1914, around the outside of their cereal boxes. Subsequently, the Waxtite packaging was moved inside the box. |
Madryga | In cryptography, Madryga is a block cipher published in 1984 by W. E. Madryga. It was designed to be easy and efficient for implementation in software. Serious weaknesses have since been found in the algorithm, but it was one of the first encryption algorithms to make use of data-dependent rotations, later used in other ciphers, such as RC5 and RC6. |
Trisodium dicarboxymethyl alaninate | Trisodium N-(1-carboxylatoethyl)iminodiacetate, methylglycinediacetic acid trisodium salt (MGDA-Na3) or trisodium α-DL-alanine diacetate (α-ADA), is the trisodium anion of N-(1-carboxyethyl)iminodiacetic acid and a tetradentate complexing agent. It forms stable 1:1 chelate complexes with cations having a charge number of at least +2, e.g. the "hard water forming" cations Ca2+ or Mg2+. α-ADA is distinguished from the isomeric β-alaninediacetic acid by better biodegradability and therefore improved environmental compatibility. |
Content discovery platform | A content discovery platform is an implemented software recommendation platform which uses recommender system tools. It utilizes user metadata in order to discover and recommend appropriate content, whilst reducing ongoing maintenance and development costs. A content discovery platform delivers personalized content to websites, mobile devices and set-top boxes. A large range of content discovery platforms currently exist for various forms of content ranging from news articles and academic journal articles to television. As operators compete to be the gateway to home entertainment, personalized television is a key service differentiator. Academic content discovery has recently become another area of interest, with several companies being established to help academic researchers keep up to date with relevant academic content and serendipitously discover new content. |
INPP4A | Type I inositol-3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the INPP4A gene.INPP4A encodes the inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type I, one of the enzymes involved in phosphatidylinositol signaling pathways. This enzyme removes the phosphate group at position 4 of the inositol ring from inositol 3,4-bisphosphate. |
Copernican federalism | Copernican federalism is an analogy for federalism. It is named for Renaissance astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus. |
Synthetic colorant | A colorant is any substance that changes the spectral transmittance or reflectance of a material. Synthetic colorants are those created in a laboratory or industrial setting. The production and improvement of colorants was a driver of the early synthetic chemical industry, in fact many of today's largest chemical producers started as dye-works in the late 19th or early 20th centuries, including Bayer AG(1863). Synthetics are extremely attractive for industrial and aesthetic purposes as they have they often achieve higher intensity and color fastness than comparable natural pigments and dyes used since ancient times. Market viable large scale production of dyes occurred nearly simultaneously in the early major producing countries Britain (1857), France (1858), Germany (1858), and Switzerland (1859), and expansion of associated chemical industries followed. The mid-nineteenth century through WWII saw an incredible expansion of the variety and scale of manufacture of synthetic colorants. Synthetic colorants quickly became ubiquitous in everyday life, from clothing to food. This stems from the invention of industrial research and development laboratories in the 1870s, and the new awareness of empirical chemical formulas as targets for synthesis by academic chemists. The dye industry became one of the first instances where directed scientific research lead to new products, and the first where this occurred regularly. |
Kyoto Common Lisp | Kyoto Common Lisp (KCL) is an implementation of Common Lisp by Taichi Yuasa and Masami Hagiya, written in C to run under Unix-like operating systems. KCL is compiled to ANSI C. It conforms to Common Lisp as described in the 1984 first edition of Guy Steele's book Common Lisp the Language and is available under a licence agreement.
KCL is notable in that it was implemented from scratch, outside of the standard committee, solely on the basis of the specification. It was one of the first Common Lisp implementations ever, and exposed a number of holes and mistakes in the specification that had gone unnoticed. |
2 base encoding | 2 Base Encoding, also called SOLiD (sequencing by oligonucleotide ligation and detection), is a next-generation sequencing technology developed by Applied Biosystems and has been commercially available since 2008. These technologies generate hundreds of thousands of small sequence reads at one time. Well-known examples of such DNA sequencing methods include 454 pyrosequencing (introduced in 2005), the Solexa system (introduced in 2006) and the SOLiD system (introduced in 2007). These methods have reduced the cost from $0.01/base in 2004 to nearly $0.0001/base in 2006 and increased the sequencing capacity from 1,000,000 bases/machine/day in 2004 to more than 100,000,000 bases/machine/day in 2006. |
EUROCAT (medicine) | EUROCAT founded in 1979, is a high quality network of population-based congenital anomaly registries across Europe for the monitoring, surveillance and research of congenital anomalies.
In January 2023 the network has 43 member registries from 23 countries covering more than 25% of European births per year. The detailed registry descriptions can be found on the EUROCAT website |
Ileostomy | Ileostomy is a stoma (surgical opening) constructed by bringing the end or loop of small intestine (the ileum) out onto the surface of the skin, or the surgical procedure which creates this opening. Intestinal waste passes out of the ileostomy and is collected in an external ostomy system which is placed next to the opening. Ileostomies are usually sited above the groin on the right hand side of the abdomen. |
Bixin | Bixin is an apocarotenoid found in the seeds of the achiote tree (Bixa orellana) from which it derives its name. It is commonly extracted from the seeds to form annatto, a natural food coloring, containing about 5% pigments of which 70–80% are bixin. |
Import–export (logic) | In logic, import-export is a deductive argument form which states that (P→(Q→R))↔((P∧Q)→R) . In natural language terms, the principle means that the following English sentences are logically equivalent.
If Mary isn't at home, then if Sally isn't at home, then the house is empty. |
Converting (magazine) | Converting (ISSN 0746-7141) was a trade publication and Website owned by Reed Business Information serving the information needs of converters: industries that convert paper, paperboard, plastic film and foil materials into finished, printed packaging such as bags, pouches, labels, tags, folding cartons and corrugated shipping cases.
The editor-in-chief was Mark Spaulding; the editorial offices were located in Oak Brook, Illinois, USA.
Established in 1983, Converting was published monthly. Common topics included equipment, material, and machinery case-history feature articles, industry trends, business news, trade show previews and post-event reports.
In April, Converting published its Buyer's Guide, which provided a list of 500 industry suppliers. In June, it published the CMM International Show Daily.
Converting also published Frontline News, an e-mail newsletter every Tuesday morning, and OEM Update, a monthly e-mail newsletter for Original Equipment Manufacturers of converting and package-printing machinery.
Converting's Website, www.convertingmagazine.com, featured exclusive online-only content, three industry Blogs updated almost every business day, Videos, and an Online Buyers Guide, etc.
As of June 2008, total BPA audited circulation was 37,200 subscribers. |
Glycoside hydrolase family 72 | In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 72 is a family of glycoside hydrolases. |
Emotional affair | The term emotional affair describes a type of relationship between people. The term often describes a bond between two people that mimics or matches the closeness and emotional intimacy of a romantic relationship while not being physically consummated. An emotional affair is sometimes referred to as an affair of the heart. An emotional affair may emerge from a friendship, and progress toward greater levels of personal intimacy and attachment. Examples of specific behaviors include confiding personal information and turning to the other person during moments of vulnerability or need. However, nearly all friendships serve these roles to some degree. The intimacy between the people involved usually stems from a friendship with confidence to tell each other intimate aspects of themselves, their relationships, or even subjects they would not discuss with their partners. It is disputed whether this is inappropriate. Indeed, forbidding your partner from maintaining and participating in close friendships is a common feature of coercive control. High levels of platonic emotional intimacy in adults may occur without the participants being bound by other intimate relationships or may occur between people in other relationships as a normal course of life. |
International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation Society | The International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation Society (IBBS) is a scientific society with an international membership. It is a charity registered in the UK. IBBS belongs to the Federation of European Microbiological Societies (FEMS), along with national organizations from European countries and appears in the Yearbook of International Organisations On-line, published by the Union of International Associations. The aim of IBBS is to promote and spread knowledge of Biodeterioration and Biodegradation. Conferences are arranged on specific topics and every three years an International Symposium covering a wide range of research in these scientific areas is organized; the last (IBBS17) was held in Manchester, UK. Members can apply for various grants or bursaries. The Society's journal, International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, is published by Elsevier. |
Profinet | Profinet (usually styled as PROFINET, as a portmanteau for Process Field Network) is an industry technical standard for data communication over Industrial Ethernet, designed for collecting data from, and controlling equipment in industrial systems, with a particular strength in delivering data under tight time constraints. The standard is maintained and supported by Profibus and Profinet International, an umbrella organization headquartered in Karlsruhe, Germany. |
Defining length | In genetic algorithms and genetic programming defining length L(H) is the maximum distance between two defining symbols (that is symbols that have a fixed value as opposed to symbols that can take any value, commonly denoted as # or *) in schema H. In tree GP schemata, L(H) is the number of links in the minimum tree fragment including all the non-= symbols within a schema H. |
Industrial 2 of 5 | Industrial 2 of 5. (also known as Standard 2 of 5) is a variable length, discrete, two width symbology. Industrial 2 of 5 is a subset of two-out-of-five codes.Industrial 2 of 5 is one of the first 1D and oldest barcodes and can encode only digits (0-9). It was invented in 1971 by Identicon Corp. and Computer Identics Corp. At this time, it has only historical value because of low encoding density and restricted charset. Previously it was used for cardboard printing, photo developing envelopes, warehouse sorting systems and for management of physical distribution.Industrial 2 of 5 has low encoding density because an information can be encoded only in black bars and white spaces are just ignored. Industrial 2 of 5 barcode may include an optional check digit. Most of barcode readers support this symbology. |
Sta-Prest | Sta-Prest (a stylized rendering of "stay pressed") is a brand of wrinkle-resistant trousers produced by Levi Strauss & Co., beginning in 1964. |
Microsoft InfoPath | Microsoft InfoPath is a software application for designing, distributing, filling and submitting electronic forms containing structured data. Microsoft initially released InfoPath as part of the Microsoft Office 2003 family. The product features a WYSIWYG form designer in which the various controls (e.g. text box, radio button, checkbox) are bound to data, represented separately as a hierarchical tree view of folders and data fields. |
Köllner's rule | Köllner's Rule is a term used in ophthalmology and optometry that pertains to the progressive nature of color vision loss that is secondary to eye disease. This rule states that outer retinal diseases and media changes result in blue-yellow color defects, while diseases of the inner retina, optic nerve, visual pathway, and visual cortex will result in red-green defects. This is possibly related to the increased susceptibility of S-cones and rods to ischaemia and oxidative damage, although S-cone loss is more noticeable due to their lower density and their higher metabolic rate.There are exceptions to Köllner's rule, notably glaucoma, which is an optic nerve disorder, and is usually associated with blue-yellow defects in the initial phase, following which red-green defects later develop. This is hypothesised to be due to receptor-mediated excitotoxicity of ganglial cells, and that parvocellular retinal ganglial cells mediating red-green opponency are predominantly affected because they are more common. |
Hypergiant | A hypergiant (luminosity class 0 or Ia+) is a very rare type of star that has an extremely high luminosity, mass, size and mass loss because of its extreme stellar winds. The term hypergiant is defined as luminosity class 0 (zero) in the MKK system. However, this is rarely seen in literature or in published spectral classifications, except for specific well-defined groups such as the yellow hypergiants, RSG (red supergiants), or blue B(e) supergiants with emission spectra. More commonly, hypergiants are classed as Ia-0 or Ia+, but red supergiants are rarely assigned these spectral classifications. Astronomers are interested in these stars because they relate to understanding stellar evolution, especially star formation, stability, and their expected demise as supernovae. |
Planetary boundary layer | In meteorology, the planetary boundary layer (PBL), also known as the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) or peplosphere, is the lowest part of the atmosphere and its behaviour is directly influenced by its contact with a planetary surface. On Earth it usually responds to changes in surface radiative forcing in an hour or less. In this layer physical quantities such as flow velocity, temperature, and moisture display rapid fluctuations (turbulence) and vertical mixing is strong. Above the PBL is the "free atmosphere", where the wind is approximately geostrophic (parallel to the isobars), while within the PBL the wind is affected by surface drag and turns across the isobars (see Ekman layer for more detail). |
Cylindrobasidium laeve | Cylindrobasidium is a species of fungus in the family Physalacriaceae.
A product which contains Cylindrobasidium laeve as the active ingredient can be used as a mycoherbicide to control Acacia mearnsii (black wattle) in South Africa. |
OmniTouch | OmniTouch is a wearable computer, depth-sensing camera and projection system that enables interactive multitouch interfaces on everyday surface. Beyond the shoulder-worn system, there is no instrumentation of the user or the environment. For example, the present shoulder-worn implementation allows users to manipulate interfaces projected onto the environment (e.g., walls, tables), held objects (e.g., notepads, books), and their own bodies (e.g., hands, lap). On such surfaces - without any calibration - OmniTouch provides capabilities similar to that of a touchscreen: X and Y location in 2D interfaces and whether fingers are “clicked” or hovering. This enables a wide variety of applications, similar to what one might find on a modern smartphone. A user study assessing pointing accuracy of the system (user and system inaccuracies combined) suggested buttons needed to be 2.3 cm (0.91 in) in diameter to achieve reliable operation on the hand, 1.6 cm (0.63 in) on walls. This is approaching the accuracy of capacitive touchscreens, like those found in smart phones, but on arbitrary surfaces. OmniTouch was developed by researchers Chris Harrison, Hrvoje Benko and Andy Wilson at Microsoft Research in 2011. The work was accepted to and presented at the 2011 ACM User Interface and Software Technology conference. Many major news outlets and online tech blogs covered the technology. It is conceptually similar to efforts such as Skinput and SixthSense. A central contribution of the work was a novel depth-driven, fuzzy template matching approach to finger tracking and click registration. The system also finds and tracks surfaces suitable for projection, on which interactive applications can be projected. |
Advanced Visualization Lab | The Advanced Visualization Lab (AVL) is a team at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The AVL specializes in creating cinematic scientific visualizations of large, three-dimensional, time-evolving data. The AVL has contributed to a number of scientific documentaries including the IMAX films "A Beautiful Planet". and "Hubble 3D", a number of fulldome films, and television documentaries. |
Lobry de Bruyn–Van Ekenstein transformation | In carbohydrate chemistry, the Lobry de Bruyn–Van Ekenstein transformation also known as the Lobry de Bruyn–Alberda van Ekenstein transformation is the base or acid catalyzed transformation of an aldose into the ketose isomer or vice versa, with a tautomeric enediol as reaction intermediate. Ketoses may be transformed into 3-ketoses, etcetera. The enediol is also an intermediate for the epimerization of an aldose or ketose. The reactions are usually base catalyzed, but can also take place under acid or neutral conditions. A typical rearrangement reaction is that between the aldose glyceraldehyde and the ketose dihydroxyacetone in a chemical equilibrium. |
Sine bar | A sine bar consists of a hardened, precision ground body with two precision ground cylinders fixed at the ends. The distance between the centers of the cylinders is precisely controlled, and the top of the bar is parallel to a line through the centers of the two rollers. The dimension between the two rollers is chosen to be a whole number (for ease of later calculations) and forms the hypotenuse of a triangle when in use. |
Normal mapping | In 3D computer graphics, normal mapping, or Dot3 bump mapping, is a texture mapping technique used for faking the lighting of bumps and dents – an implementation of bump mapping. It is used to add details without using more polygons. A common use of this technique is to greatly enhance the appearance and details of a low polygon model by generating a normal map from a high polygon model or height map. |
Four-document hypothesis | The four-document hypothesis or four-source hypothesis is an explanation for the relationship between the three Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke. It posits that there were at least four sources to the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke: the Gospel of Mark and three lost sources (Q, M, and L). It was proposed by B. H. Streeter in 1925, who refined the two-source hypothesis into a four-source hypothesis. |
Catabolism | Catabolism () is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions. Catabolism breaks down large molecules (such as polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins) into smaller units (such as monosaccharides, fatty acids, nucleotides, and amino acids, respectively). Catabolism is the breaking-down aspect of metabolism, whereas anabolism is the building-up aspect. |
MilkyWay@home | MilkyWay@home is a volunteer computing project in the astrophysics category, running on the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) platform. Using spare computing power from over 38,000 computers run by over 27,000 active volunteers as of November 2011, the MilkyWay@home project aims to generate accurate three-dimensional dynamic models of stellar streams in the immediate vicinity of the Milky Way. With SETI@home and Einstein@home, it is the third computing project of this type that has the investigation of phenomena in interstellar space as its primary purpose. Its secondary objective is to develop and optimize algorithms for volunteer computing. |
Mannosylfructose-phosphate phosphatase | Mannosylfructose-phosphate phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.79, mannosylfructose-6-phosphate phosphatase, MFPP) is an enzyme with systematic name β-D-ructofuranosyl-α-D-mannopyranoside-6F-phosphate phosphohydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction β-D-fructofuranosyl-α-D-mannopyranoside 6F-phosphate + H2O ⇌ β-D-fructofuranosyl-α-D-mannopyranoside + phosphateThis enzyme, from the soil proteobacterium and plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58, requires Mg2+ for activity. |
Joanna Moncrieff | Joanna Moncrieff is a British psychiatrist and academic. She is Professor of Critical and Social Psychiatry at University College London and a leading figure in the Critical Psychiatry Network. She is a prominent critic of the modern 'psychopharmacological' model of mental disorder and drug treatment, and the role of the pharmaceutical industry. She has written papers, books and blogs on the use and over-use of drug treatment for mental health problems, the mechanism of action of psychiatric drugs, their subjective and psychoactive effects, the history of drug treatment, and the evidence for its benefits and harms. She also writes on the history and politics of psychiatry more generally. Her best known books are The Myth of the Chemical Cure and The Bitterest Pills. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.