source stringlengths 1 149 ⌀ | text stringlengths 18 204k |
|---|---|
Computon | A computon is a combined unit of computing power, including processor cycles, memory, disk storage and bandwidth, proposed in 2005 by researchers at Hewlett-Packard, with the word being a cross between "computation" and "photon", the name for a packet of electromagnetic energy. HP hoped that the computon would become the computing industry's equivalent to public utility's watt-hour. |
SurE, survival protein E | In molecular biology, the protein domain surE refers to survival protein E. It was originally found that cells that did not contain this protein, could not survive in the stationary phase, at above normal temperatures, and in high-salt media. Hence the name, survival protein E. It is a metal ion-dependent phosphatase that is found in bacteria, and eukaryotes. It is an important stress response protein. This domain is found in acid phosphatases (EC), 5'-nucleotidases (EC), 3'-nucleotidases (EC) and exopolyphosphatases (EC). |
Mining maquis | Mining maquis (French: maquis minier) is a type of shrubland biome. It forms on ultramafic rock as a result of forest cover retreat due to repeated wildfires. It is common on New Caledonia. |
Frobenius normal form | In linear algebra, the Frobenius normal form or rational canonical form of a square matrix A with entries in a field F is a canonical form for matrices obtained by conjugation by invertible matrices over F. The form reflects a minimal decomposition of the vector space into subspaces that are cyclic for A (i.e., spanned by some vector and its repeated images under A). Since only one normal form can be reached from a given matrix (whence the "canonical"), a matrix B is similar to A if and only if it has the same rational canonical form as A. Since this form can be found without any operations that might change when extending the field F (whence the "rational"), notably without factoring polynomials, this shows that whether two matrices are similar does not change upon field extensions. The form is named after German mathematician Ferdinand Georg Frobenius. |
Galacturan 1,4-alpha-galacturonidase | The enzyme galacturan 1,4-α-galacturonidase (EC 3.2.1.67) catalyzes the following chemical reaction: (1,4-α-D-galacturonide)n + H2O ⇌ (1,4-α-D-galacturonide)n-1 + D-galacturonateIt belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those glycosidases that hydrolyse O- and S-glycosyl compounds. The systematic name is poly(1,4-α-D-galacturonide) galacturonohydrolase. Other names in common use include exopolygalacturonase, poly(galacturonate) hydrolase, exo-D-galacturonase, exo-D-galacturonanase, and exopoly-D-galacturonase. This enzyme participates in pentose and glucuronate interconversions and starch and sucrose metabolism. |
Scotch-Brite | Scotch-Brite is a line of abrasive products produced by 3M. The product line includes scouring pads and tools for home uses such as dish washing and scrubbing, as well as various types of surfaces for industrial applications, such as discs, belts, and rotating brushes, with varying compositions and levels of hardness. |
Citropten | Citropten is a natural organic compound with the molecular formula C11H10O4. It is found in the essential oils of citrus such as lime, lemon, and bergamot. |
Covert hypnosis | Covert hypnosis is an attempt to communicate with another person's unconscious mind without informing the subject that they will be hypnotized. It is also known as conversational hypnosis or sleight of mouth. (although both Conversational Hypnosis and Slight of Mouth can also be done overtly). It is a term largely used by proponents of neuro-linguistic programming (NLP), a pseudoscientific approach to communication and interaction.The objective is to change the person's behavior subconsciously so that the target believes that they changed their mind of their own volition. When or if performed successfully, the target is unaware that they were hypnotized or that anything unusual has occurred. Arguably there is a debate about what hypnosis is, and how covert hypnosis should be classified. "Standard" hypnosis requires the focus and attention of the subject, while covert hypnosis seems to focus on "softening" the subject by using confusion, fatigue, directed attention, and interrupted sentences. This is most similar to salesmen talking to customers when they are tired. Critical thinking and questioning of statements likely requires mental effort. The theme of "covert hypnosis" appears to be along the lines of causing the subject to enter "down time". Regardless of if "covert hypnosis" is "hypnosis" by a standard definition, fatigue does appear to make critically thinking more difficult. This might explain why interrogation, military training, and cult-recruitment practices prefer to deprive their new recruits of sleep. |
Object-oriented user interface | In computing, an object-oriented user interface (OOUI) is a type of user interface based on an object-oriented programming metaphor, and describes most modern operating systems ("object-oriented operating systems") such as MacOS and Windows. In an OOUI, the user interacts explicitly with objects that represent entities in the domain that the application is concerned with. Many vector drawing applications, for example, have an OOUI – the objects being lines, circles and canvases. The user may explicitly select an object, alter its properties (such as size or colour), or invoke other actions upon it (such as to move, copy, or re-align it). If a business application has any OOUI, the user may be selecting and/or invoking actions on objects representing entities in the business domain such as customers, products or orders. Jakob Nielsen defines the OOUI in contrast to function-oriented interfaces: "Object-oriented interfaces are sometimes described as turning the application inside-out as compared to function-oriented interfaces. The main focus of the interaction changes to become the users' data and other information objects that are typically represented graphically on the screen as icons or in windows."Dave Collins defines an OOUI as demonstrating three characteristics: Users perceive and act on objects Users can classify objects based on how they behave In the context of what users are trying to do, all the user interface objects fit together into a coherent overall representation.Jef Raskin suggests that the most important characteristic of an OOUI is that it adopts a 'noun-verb', rather than a 'verb-noun' style of interaction, and that this has several advantages in terms of usability. |
Data descriptor | In computing, a data descriptor is a structure containing information that describes data.
Data descriptors may be used in compilers, as a software structure at run time in languages like Ada or PL/I, or as a hardware structure in some computers such as Burroughs large systems.
Data descriptors are typically used at run-time to pass argument information to called subroutines. HP OpenVMS and Multics have system-wide language-independent standards for argument descriptors. Descriptors are also used to hold information about data that is only fully known at run-time, such as a dynamically allocated array. |
William C. Hetzel | Dr. William C. Hetzel is an expert in the field of software testing. He compiled the papers from the 1972 Computer Program Test Methods Symposium, also known as the Chapel Hill Symposium, into the book Program Test Methods. The book, published in 1973, details the problems of software validation and testing.The International Conference and Exposition on Testing Computer Software, which is the first conference with a focus on software testing, is convened in 1984 by the US Professional Development Institute (USPDI) in Washington, D.C. Hetzel and Dr. David Gelperin are the joint program chairs.Hetzel and Dave Gelperin co-found the Software Quality Engineering consultancy firm in 1986. Their motto was, "Test, then code." Together they worked to establish software testing as a stand-alone computer discipline. In 1988 they classified the phases and goals of software testing into the following stages: Until 1956 – Debugging Oriented – Until 1956 it was the debugging oriented period, when testing was often associated to debugging: there was no clear difference between testing and debugging. |
Tidal downsizing | Tidal downsizing is a hypothetical mechanism for the formation of planets. The process begins with the formation of large clumps of gas, of roughly 10 Jupiter masses, via gravitational instability in the outer parts of the protoplanetary disk. The clumps migrate inward due to gravitational interactions with the gas disk. Solid grains within the clump collide and grow and settle toward the center forming a massive core. The clump is disrupted due to tidal forces or heating from the star when it approaches within a few AU of the star leaving behind a smaller object. Depending on the extent and timing of the mass loss the remnant may be a terrestrial planet, an ice giant or a gas giant. |
Titanium yellow | Titanium yellow, also nickel antimony titanium yellow, nickel antimony titanium yellow rutile, CI Pigment Yellow 53, or C.I. 77788, is a yellow pigment with the chemical composition of NiO·Sb2O3·20TiO2. It is a complex inorganic compound. Its melting point lies above 1000 °C, and has extremely low solubility in water. While it contains antimony and nickel, their bioavailability is very low, so the pigment is relatively safe.The pigment has crystal lattice of rutile, with 2–5% of titanium ions replaced with nickel(II) and 9–12% of them replaced with antimony(III). |
Flexible metal-organic framework | Some metal-organic frameworks (MOF) display large structural changes as a response to external stimuli, and such modifications of their structure can, in turn, lead to drastic changes in their physical and chemical properties. Such stimuli-responsive MOFs are generally referred to as a flexible metal-organic frameworks. They can also be called dynamic metal-organic framework, stimuli-responsive MOFs, multi-functional MOFs, or soft porous crystals. Formally, a metal-organic framework is a coordination network with organic ligands containing potential voids. A coordination network is a coordination compound extending, through repeating coordination entities, in one dimension, but with cross-links between two or more individual chains, loops, or spiro-links, or a coordination compound extending through repeating coordination entities in two or three dimensions. A coordination polymer is a coordination compound with repeating coordination entities extending in one, two, or three dimensions.Generally, this kind of material has a well-defined structure, but sometimes some external stimuli can affect its structure, resulting in a different structure without breaking the overall network. A variety of external stimuli like heat, light, solvent, an electric field, magnetic field, etc. can act upon a metal-organic framework, can act to change its internal structure, and can facilitate the transformation process. This structural transformation generally occurs by bond breaking/making, change of coordination number of the metal ion, change of coordination mode of ligand, ligand length squeezing, solvent exchange, solvent removal, etc.One often discussed example of flexible metal-organic framework is the family of MIL-53 materials, featuring one-dimensional diamond-shaped pores that can expand or contract upon stimulation, such as adsorption of guest molecules (solvent, water, gases, etc.), changes in temperature, and mechanical pressure. |
Giovanni J. Ughi | Giovanni J. Ughi (born Padova, Italy), engineer and scientist, is one of the inventors of multimodality optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Laser-induced fluorescence molecular imaging, pioneering a first-in-man study of coronary arteries during his work at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School. The results of his work, combining two imaging technologies, may better identify dangerous coronary plaques, responsible for coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. He also was one of the pioneers of targeted molecular imaging of human atherosclerosis, determining the use of molecular agents (e.g., indocyanine green (ICG)-enhanced near-infrared fluorescence) to illuminate high-risk features of human atherosclerotic plaques, arterial inflammation and plaque progression, and for the identification of unhealed stents at higher risk of stent thrombosis.Dr. Ughi also made significant contributions to the development of image processing and AI methods for the automated analysis of intracoronary optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, contributing to the widespread adoption of intracoronary OCT imaging technology. He is recognized for the development of methods for the automatic quantification of stent and disease characteristics on intracoronary optical coherence tomography images.He authored over 50 papers in peer-reviewed scientific international journals. |
Giant axonal neuropathy | Giant axonal neuropathy is a rare, autosomal recessive neurological disorder that causes disorganization of neurofilaments. Neurofilaments form a structural framework that helps to define the shape and size of neurons and are essential for normal nerve function. A distinguishing feature is its association with kinky, or curly, hair; in such cases it has been called Giant axonal neuropathy with curly hair. |
Integer factorization | In number theory, integer factorization is the decomposition, when possible, of a positive integer into a product of smaller integers. If the factors are further restricted to be prime numbers, the process is called prime factorization, and includes the test whether the given integer is prime (in this case, one has a "product" of a single factor). |
Triangulation (social science) | In the social sciences, triangulation refers to the application and combination of several research methods in the study of the same phenomenon. By combining multiple observers, theories, methods, and empirical materials, researchers hope to overcome the weakness or intrinsic biases and the problems that come from single method, single-observer, and single-theory studies.
It is popularly used in sociology. "The concept of triangulation is borrowed from navigational and land surveying techniques that determine a single point in space with the convergence of measurements taken from two other distinct points."Triangulation can be used in both quantitative and qualitative studies as an alternative to traditional criteria like reliability and validity. |
Comparison of programming languages (associative array) | This Comparison of programming languages (associative arrays) compares the features of associative array data structures or array-lookup processing for over 40 computer programming languages. |
S-object | In algebraic topology, an S -object (also called a symmetric sequence) is a sequence {X(n)} of objects such that each X(n) comes with an action of the symmetric group Sn The category of combinatorial species is equivalent to the category of finite S -sets (roughly because the permutation category is equivalent to the category of finite sets and bijections.) |
Glutamate receptor-interacting protein | Glutamate receptor-interacting protein (GRIP) refers to either a family of proteins that bind to the glutamate receptor or specifically to the GRIP1 protein within this family. Proteins in the glutamate receptor-interacting protein (GRIP) family have been shown to interact with GluR2, a common subunit in the AMPA receptor. This subunit also interacts with other proteins such as protein interacting with C-kinase1 (PICK1) and N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF). Studies have begun to elucidate its function; however, much is still to be learned about these proteins. |
GAIN domain | The GAIN domain (G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) autoproteolysis-inducing domain) is a protein domain found in a number of cell surface receptors, including adhesion-GPCRs and polycystic kidney disease proteins PKD1 and PKD2. The domain is involved in the self-cleavage of these transmembrane receptors, and has been shown to be crucial for their function. Point mutations within the GAIN domain of PKD1 and GPR56 are known to cause polycystic kidney disease and polymicrogyria, respectively. |
Billboard hacking | Billboard hacking or billboard hijacking is the practice of altering a billboard without the consent of the owner. It may involve physically pasting new media over the existing image, or hacking into the system used to control electronic billboard displays. The aim is to replace the programmed video with a different video or image. The replaced media may be displayed for various reasons, including culture jamming, shock value, promotion, activism, political propaganda, or simply to amuse viewers. |
Parapet | A parapet is a barrier that is an upward extension of a wall at the edge of a roof, terrace, balcony, walkway or other structure. The word comes ultimately from the Italian parapetto (parare 'to cover/defend' and petto 'chest/breast'). Where extending above a roof, a parapet may simply be the portion of an exterior wall that continues above the edge line of the roof surface, or may be a continuation of a vertical feature beneath the roof such as a fire wall or party wall. Parapets were originally used to defend buildings from military attack, but today they are primarily used as guard rails, to conceal rooftop equipment, reduce wind loads on the roof, and to prevent the spread of fires. |
Timepidium bromide | Timepidium bromide (INN) is an anticholinergic. It is used in the symptomatic treatment of visceral spasms. It is also used to relieve pain associated with various gastrointestinal disorders. The quaternary nitrogen prevents it from crossing the blood brain barrier, so it is peripherally acting with no central side effects.
The same compound sans the quaternary methyl group and the methoxy ether is called tipepidine. |
Motion History Images | The motion history image (MHI) is a static image template helps in understanding the motion location and path as it progresses. In MHI, the temporal motion information is collapsed into a single image template where intensity is a function of recency of motion. Thus, the MHI pixel intensity is a function of the motion history at that location, where brighter values correspond to a more recent motion. Using MHI, moving parts of a video sequence can be engraved with a single image, from where one can predict the motion flow as well as the moving parts of the video action. |
Blackwell Formation | The Blackwell Formation is a geologic formation in Scotland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period. |
Egress router | An egress router is a label switch router that is an end point (drain) for a given label-switched path (LSP). An egress router may be an ingress router or an intermediate router for any other LSP(s). Hence the role of egress and ingress routers is LSP specific. Usually, the MPLS label is attached with an IP packet at the ingress router and removed at the egress router, whereas label swapping is performed on the intermediate routers. |
People Finder Interchange Format | People Finder Interchange Format (PFIF) is a widely used open data standard for information about missing or displaced people. PFIF was designed to enable information sharing among governments, relief organizations, and other survivor registries to help people find and contact their family and friends after a disaster. |
Unnatural Selection (video game) | Unnatural Selection is a 1993 game for DOS by Maxis. |
C0465 RNA | The C0465 RNA is a bacterial non-coding RNA of 78 nucleotides in length that is found between the tar and cheW genes in the genomes of Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri. This ncRNA was originally identified in E.coli using high-density oligonucleotide probe arrays (microarray). The function of this ncRNA is unknown. |
Chlormerodrin | Chlormerodrin is a mercurial diuretic commercially traded from 1952 until 1974 that was once used to treat patients with heart failure, but is no longer in widespread use. The radiolabelled form (197Hg & 203Hg) had also been used for medical imaging of the kidney and brain and the 197Hg form was even considered a contender for 99mTc by some physicians, but was ultimately discontinued by the FDA in 1989. |
Skip zone | A skip zone, also called a silent zone or zone of silence, is a region where a radio transmission can not be received. The zone is located between regions both closer and farther from the transmitter where reception is possible. |
Reserved track | Reserved track, in tram transport terminology, is track on ground exclusively for trams (in the US, typically called a "private right-of-way"). |
Pure-FTPd | Pure-FTPd is a free (BSD license) FTP Server with a strong focus on software security. It can be compiled and run on a variety of Unix-like computer operating systems including Linux, OpenBSD, NetBSD, FreeBSD, DragonFly BSD, Solaris, Tru64, Darwin, Irix and HP-UX. It has also been ported to Android. |
Carrier-sense multiple access | Carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA) is a medium access control (MAC) protocol in which a node verifies the absence of other traffic before transmitting on a shared transmission medium, such as an electrical bus or a band of the electromagnetic spectrum. |
N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene reductase | In enzymology, a N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene reductase (EC 1.7.1.12) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 2-acetamidofluorene + NAD(P)+ + H2O ⇌ N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene + NAD(P)H + H+The 4 substrates of this enzyme are 2-acetamidofluorene, NAD+, NADP+, and H2O, whereas its 4 products are N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene, NADH, NADPH, and H+.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2-acetamidofluorene:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene reductase, and NAD(P)H:N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene N-oxidoreductase. |
Bulk insert | A Bulk insert is a process or method provided by a database management system to load multiple rows of data into a database table.
Bulk insert may refer to: Transact-SQL BULK INSERT statement PL/SQL BULK COLLECT and FORALL statements MySQL LOAD DATA INFILE statement PostgreSQL COPY statement |
Media Player Classic | Media Player Classic (MPC), Media Player Classic - Home Cinema (MPC-HC), and Media Player Classic - Black Edition (MPC-BE) are a family of free and open-source, compact, lightweight, and customizable media players for 32-bit and 64-bit Microsoft Windows. The original MPC, along with the MPC-HC fork, mimic the simplistic look and feel of Windows Media Player 6.4, but provide most options and features available in modern media players. Variations of the original MPC and its forks are standard media players in the K-Lite Codec Pack and the Combined Community Codec Pack. |
KIC 9832227 | KIC 9832227 is a contact binary star system in the constellation Cygnus, located about 1,843 light-years away. It is also identified as an eclipsing binary with an orbital period of almost 11 hours. In 2017, the system was predicted to result in a merger in 2022.2 (± 0.6 years), producing a luminous red nova (LRN) reaching an apparent magnitude of 2, or about the brightness of Polaris, the North Star. The LRN would remain visible to the naked eye for roughly a month. The merger of the two stellar cores was predicted to give birth to a new, hotter, more massive main-sequence star. However, a reanalysis of the data in September 2018 revealed that the prediction had been based on a wrongly timed observation, negating the predicted merger.The period of the variations in KIC 9832227 has been observed to be growing shorter since 2013, leading to the prediction of the merger in or around 2022. In September 2018, it was announced that the original prediction was based on a timing offset of 12 hours in one of the datasets. This shows that the period had actually been increasing up to about 2008. The cause for the period variation is still unknown, but it is unlikely that the system will end in a merger at the predicted time. |
25 Cancri | 25 Cancri is a common proper motion star system in the zodiac constellation of Cancer, located around 148 light-years away from the Sun. It has the Bayer designation d2 Cancri (d2 Cnc); 25 Cancri (25 Cnc) is the Flamsteed designation. It is near the lower limit of visibility to the naked eye in good viewing conditions, appearing as a dim, yellow-white-hued star with a combined apparent visual magnitude of 6.11. The pair have a relatively high proper motion, traversing the celestial sphere at an angular rate of 0.245″ per year. It is moving further from the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of +38 km/s.Based upon a stellar classification of F6 V, the brighter component is an F-type main-sequence star that is generating energy through hydrogen fusion at its core. Cowley (1976) listed a class of F5 IIIm?, which suggests it may be an Am star. However, this has not been confirmed. It is about 2.5 billion years old with 1.51 times the mass of the Sun. The star is radiating 6.6 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 6,487 K.The companion is 4.19 magnitudes fainter than the primary, and lies at an angular separation of 16.798″ along a position angle of 310°, as of 2013. If the pair are gravitationally bound, then they orbit each other with a period of around 4.05 million years. |
Spearmint (flavour) | Spearmint is a flavour that is either naturally or artificially created to taste like the oil of the herbaceous Mentha spicata (spearmint) plant. |
Carboxymethyloxysuccinate lyase | The enzyme carboxymethyloxysuccinate lyase (EC 4.2.99.12) catalyzes the chemical reaction carboxymethyloxysuccinate ⇌ fumarate + glycolateThis enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the "catch-all" class of lyases that cleave carbon-oxygen bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is carboxymethyloxysuccinate glycolate-lyase (fumarate-forming). Other names in common use include carbon-oxygen lyase, and carboxymethyloxysuccinate glycolate-lyase. |
Lythranidine | Lythranidine is a piperidine alkaloid that was first isolated from the plant Lythrum anceps. It contains a 17-membered cyclophane ring.
Several laboratory syntheses have been reported. |
Special senses | In medicine and anatomy, the special senses are the senses that have specialized organs devoted to them: vision (the eye) hearing and balance (the ear, which includes the auditory system and vestibular system) smell (the nose) taste (the tongue)The distinction between special and general senses is used to classify nerve fibers running to and from the central nervous system – information from special senses is carried in special somatic afferents and special visceral afferents. In contrast, the other sense, touch, is a somatic sense which does not have a specialized organ but comes from all over the body, most noticeably the skin but also the internal organs (viscera). Touch includes mechanoreception (pressure, vibration and proprioception), pain (nociception) and heat (thermoception), and such information is carried in general somatic afferents and general visceral afferents. |
Chlorine dioxide | Chlorine dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula ClO2 that exists as yellowish-green gas above 11 °C, a reddish-brown liquid between 11 °C and −59 °C, and as bright orange crystals below −59 °C. It is usually handled as an aqueous solution. It is commonly used as a bleach. More recent developments have extended its applications in food processing and as a disinfectant. |
Tantalum capacitor | A tantalum electrolytic capacitor is an electrolytic capacitor, a passive component of electronic circuits. It consists of a pellet of porous tantalum metal as an anode, covered by an insulating oxide layer that forms the dielectric, surrounded by liquid or solid electrolyte as a cathode. Because of its very thin and relatively high permittivity dielectric layer, the tantalum capacitor distinguishes itself from other conventional and electrolytic capacitors in having high capacitance per volume (high volumetric efficiency) and lower weight. |
115 (number) | 115 (one hundred [and] fifteen) is the natural number following 114 and preceding 116. |
All gas-phase iodine laser | All gas-phase iodine laser (AGIL) is a chemical laser using gaseous iodine as a lasing medium. Like the chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL), it operates at the 1.315 µm wavelength (near-infrared).
AGIL was developed in order to eliminate the problems with aqueous chemistry of the COILs. AGIL uses a reaction of chlorine atoms with gaseous hydrazoic acid, resulting in excited molecules of chloronitrene (NCl), which then pass their energy to the iodine atoms much like the singlet oxygen does in COIL. The iodine atoms then emit the laser radiation itself.
AGIL has numerous advantages over COIL. The chemicals are all in gaseous phase, therefore easier to work with than liquids, especially in microgravity conditions. The chemicals are also lighter, which is a significant advantage in aerospace applications. |
Netter's Essential Histology | Netter's Essential Histology is a textbook/atlas of human histology authored by William K. Ovalle and Patrick C. Nahirney. Drawings by medical illustrator, Frank H. Netter, with contributing artwork by James A. Perkins, Joe Chovan, John A. Craig, and Carlos A.G. Machado, are in the book. First published in English in 2008 by Elsevier/ Saunders, a 2nd edition was released in 2013. Subsequent editions in Portuguese, Korean, Greek, Turkish, and Italian have also been printed. The first Southeast Asia edition was released in English in 2015. |
EasyMock | EasyMock is an open-source testing framework for Java released under the Apache License. The framework allows the creation of test double objects for the purpose of Test-driven Development (TDD) or Behavior Driven Development (BDD).Research performed in 2013 on 10,000 GitHub projects found that EasyMock is the 32nd most popular Java library. |
Internetwork Packet Exchange | Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) is the network layer protocol in the IPX/SPX protocol suite. IPX is derived from Xerox Network Systems' IDP. It also has the ability to act as a transport layer protocol.
The IPX/SPX protocol suite was very popular through the late 1980s and mid-1990s because it was used by Novell NetWare, a network operating system. Due to Novell NetWare's popularity, IPX became a prominent protocol for internetworking. |
Zirconium alloy | Zirconium alloys are solid solutions of zirconium or other metals, a common subgroup having the trade mark Zircaloy. Zirconium has very low absorption cross-section of thermal neutrons, high hardness, ductility and corrosion resistance. One of the main uses of zirconium alloys is in nuclear technology, as cladding of fuel rods in nuclear reactors, especially water reactors. A typical composition of nuclear-grade zirconium alloys is more than 95 weight percent zirconium and less than 2% of tin, niobium, iron, chromium, nickel and other metals, which are added to improve mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.The water cooling of reactor zirconium alloys elevates requirement for their resistance to oxidation-related nodular corrosion. Furthermore, oxidative reaction of zirconium with water releases hydrogen gas, which partly diffuses into the alloy and forms zirconium hydrides. The hydrides are less dense and are weaker mechanically than the alloy; their formation results in blistering and cracking of the cladding – a phenomenon known as hydrogen embrittlement. |
Resonance ionization | Resonance ionization is a process in optical physics used to excite a specific atom (or molecule) beyond its ionization potential to form an ion using a beam of photons irradiated from a pulsed laser light. In resonance ionization, the absorption or emission properties of the emitted photons are not considered, rather only the resulting excited ions are mass-selected, detected and measured. Depending on the laser light source used, one electron can be removed from each atom so that resonance ionization produces an efficient selectivity in two ways: elemental selectivity in ionization and isotopic selectivity in measurement.During resonance ionization, an ion gun creates a cloud of atoms and molecules from a gas-phase sample surface and a tunable laser is used to fire a beam of photons at the cloud of particles emanating from the sample (analyte). |
Male dominance (BDSM) | Male dominance, or maledom is a BDSM practice where the dominant partner is male. A sexually dominant male in BDSM practices is also known as a maledom. A maledom who role-plays a paternal figure is also known as Daddy Dom.Practices of domination common to many BDSM and other various sexual relationships are also prevalent, such as various forms of body worship including cock and ball worship, ass worship and foot worship, fellatio, tease and denial, corporal punishment including spanking, caning and whipping, breast torture, pussy torture, orgasm denial, and as well as verbal humiliation, face slapping, hair pulling, wax play, spitting, golden showers, forced orgasm, "forced" chastity, and irrumatio. A 1995 study indicated that 71% of heterosexual males preferred a dominant-initiator role, but a more recent study from 2018 indicates that men who are active in BDSM almost always express a preference for a dominant role while women generally express a preference for a submissive, bottom or slave role. |
Coach (ice hockey) | The coach in ice hockey is the person responsible for directing the team during games and practices, prepares strategy and decides which players will participate in games. |
Quintuple bond | A quintuple bond in chemistry is an unusual type of chemical bond, first reported in 2005 for a dichromium compound. Single bonds, double bonds, and triple bonds are commonplace in chemistry. Quadruple bonds are rarer but are currently known only among the transition metals, especially for Cr, Mo, W, and Re, e.g. [Mo2Cl8]4− and [Re2Cl8]2−. In a quintuple bond, ten electrons participate in bonding between the two metal centers, allocated as σ2π4δ4. |
Victa | Victa is an Australian manufacturer of outdoor garden equipment, including petrol and electric lawn mowers, edgers, trimmers, and chainsaws. They manufacture these in petrol and battery-powered variants. However, Victa is best known as a manufacturer of rotary lawn mowers.The Victa brand is currently owned by the American engine manufacturer Briggs & Stratton; while being American owned, some assembly is retained in Australia with much occurring at various sites overseas. Manufacturing also primarily occurs overseas. |
Axiology | Axiology (from Greek ἀξία, axia: "value, worth"; and -λογία, -logia: "study of") is the philosophical study of value. It includes questions about the nature and classification of values and about what kinds of things have value. It is intimately connected with various other philosophical fields that crucially depend on the notion of value, like ethics, aesthetics or philosophy of religion. It is also closely related to value theory and meta-ethics. The term was first used by Eduard von Hartmann in 1887 and by Paul Lapie in 1902.The distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic value is central to axiology. One conceptualization holds that something is intrinsically valuable if it is good in itself or good for its own sake. It is usually held that intrinsic value depends on certain features of the valuable entity. For example, an experience may be said to be intrinsically valuable by virtue of being (because it is) pleasurable or beautiful or "true" (e.g., the ascertainment of a fact can be said to be valuable in itself). Extrinsic value, by contrast, is ascribed to things that are valuable only as a means to something else. Substantive theories of value try to determine which entities have intrinsic value. Monist theories hold that there is only one type of intrinsic value. The paradigm example of monist theories is hedonism, the thesis that only pleasure has intrinsic value. Pluralist theories, on the other hand, contend that there are various different types of intrinsic value, for example, virtue, knowledge, friendship, etc. Value pluralists face the problem of explaining whether or how the different types of value can be compared when making rational decisions. Some philosophers state that values do not exist on the most fundamental level of reality. One such view holds that a value statement about something just expresses the speaker's approval or disapproval of this thing. This position is opposed by realists about value. |
Screw thread | A screw thread, often shortened to thread, is a helical structure used to convert between rotational and linear movement or force. A screw thread is a ridge wrapped around a cylinder or cone in the form of a helix, with the former being called a straight thread and the latter called a tapered thread. A screw thread is the essential feature of the screw as a simple machine and also as a threaded fastener. |
Side grip | The side grip is a technique for shooting a handgun in which the weapon is rotated about ninety degrees and held horizontally instead of vertically (as is normally done). Shooting a gun in this way has no practical benefit under most circumstances and makes proper aiming very difficult, but the style has become somewhat popular in hip hop culture and among street criminals (who do not often use the gun sight) due to its portrayal in American film and television since the early 1990s. |
∞-groupoid | In category theory, a branch of mathematics, an ∞-groupoid is an abstract homotopical model for topological spaces. One model uses Kan complexes which are fibrant objects in the category of simplicial sets (with the standard model structure). It is an ∞-category generalization of a groupoid, a category in which every morphism is an isomorphism.
The homotopy hypothesis states that ∞-groupoids are equivalent to spaces up to homotopy.: 2–3 |
Lock-out device | A lock-out device is a system used on game shows, particularly trivia shows, to determine in real time which contestant has activated their signal first. The system is designed to detect the first signal it receives and ignore subsequent signals. The system provides some indication of which contestant has signaled, such as a light or sound for each contestant, allowing the relevant parties to clearly determine who has signaled first. |
InterPARES Project | The International Research on Permanent Authentic Records in Electronic Systems (InterPARES Project) is a "major international research initiative in which archival scholars, computer engineering scholars, national archival institutions and private industry representatives are collaborating to develop the theoretical and methodological knowledge required for the permanent preservation of authentic records created in electronic systems." As a global consortia that works to develop preservation strategies, the project focuses on "developing the knowledge essential to the long-term preservation of authentic records created and/or maintained in digital form and providing the basis for standards, policies, strategies and plans of action capable of ensuring the longevity of such material and the ability of its users to trust its authenticity."The InterPARES Project was initiated in 1999 by Professor Luciana Duranti at the School of Library, Archival and Information Studies (since 2020, School of Information), at The University of British Columbia, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Employing an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach, the project has relied on the principles of “interdisciplinarity, transferability, open inquiry, and multimethod design” and has utilized a variety of methodologies, including case studies, surveys, prototyping, diplomatic and archival analysis, text analysis, statistical analysis, digital forensics, and visual analysis.The Project developed in four phases, each focusing on key issues regarding the authenticity, reliability, and accuracy of records. Phase 1 (1999-2001) centered on the long-term preservation of records created and maintained in databases and document management systems. Phase 2 (2002-2007) focused on records produced in dynamic and interactive systems in the course of scientific, artistic, and governmental activities. Phase 3 (2007-2012) concentrated on the application of findings from the first two phases in small to medium-sized archival institutions. Phase 4 (2013-2018) focused on digital records entrusted to the Internet.Major funding contributions to the InterPARES Project have been provided by Canada’s Social Science and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), the American National Historical Publications and Records Commission (HPRC), the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) of the United States, UNESCO’s Memory of the World Program, and the Italian National Research Council. In fact, National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) has become one of the principal supports of the InterPARES Project. Universities and archival institutions from around the world have participated in the project, including institutions in Canada, the United States, Italy, Croatia, Brazil, Mexico, Belgium, The Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, France, Spain, Portugal, England, Ireland, Australia, Malaysia, and China. Individual researchers from other countries, such as Russia, Chile, and Peru, have also contributed. |
Presentation Manager | Presentation Manager (PM) is the graphical user interface (GUI) that IBM and Microsoft introduced in version 1.1 of their operating system OS/2 in late 1988. |
Wolfram Meier-Augenstein | Wolfram Meier-Augenstein is a professor at Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK, a registered forensic expert advisor with the British National Crime Agency and a member of the Advisory Board of the journal Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. |
Pulmonary laceration | A pulmonary laceration is a chest injury in which lung tissue is torn or cut. An injury that is potentially more serious than pulmonary contusion, pulmonary laceration involves disruption of the architecture of the lung, while pulmonary contusion does not. Pulmonary laceration is commonly caused by penetrating trauma but may also result from forces involved in blunt trauma such as shear stress. A cavity filled with blood, air, or both can form. The injury is diagnosed when collections of air or fluid are found on a CT scan of the chest. Surgery may be required to stitch the laceration, to drain blood, or even to remove injured parts of the lung. The injury commonly heals quickly with few problems if it is given proper treatment; however it may be associated with scarring of the lung or other complications. |
Samsung SPH-M300 | The Samsung SPH-M300 is a flip or clamshell style cell phone introduced in mid-2007 as a basic, low cost camera phone with limited multimedia capability for the North American market. The SPH-M300 is a personal digital assistant (PDA - as designated by the SPH model prefix) style handset with basic contact directory, notes, calendar, and other typical PDA functions and is also capable of rudimentary Web browsing, and SMS text messaging although it does not have a dedicated text keyboard. |
Re-mix | re-mix is an open-source library (LGPL) hosted on codeplex to bring the mixin technology to C# and Visual Basic.NET. |
Breastwork (fortification) | A breastwork is a temporary fortification, often an earthwork thrown up to breast height to provide protection to defenders firing over it from a standing position. A more permanent structure, normally in stone, would be described as a parapet or the battlement of a castle wall.
In warships, a breastwork is the armored superstructure in the ship that did not extend all the way out to the sides of the ship. It was generally only used in ironclad turret ships designed between 1865 and 1880. |
Human feces | Human feces (or faeces in British English) is the solid or semisolid remains of food that could not be digested or absorbed in the small intestine of humans, but has been further broken down by bacteria in the large intestine. It also contains bacteria and a relatively small amount of metabolic waste products such as bacterially altered bilirubin, and the dead epithelial cells from the lining of the gut. It is discharged through the anus during a process called defecation. |
IP codec | IP codecs are used to send video or audio signals over an IP network such as the Internet. The initials "IP" here stand for "Internet Protocol", while the term "codec" is short for "encoder/decoder" or "compressor/decompressor". |
NIST SP 800-90B | NIST SP 800-90B ("SP" stands for "special publication") is a publication by the National Institute of Standards and Technology with the title Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation. The publication specifies the design principles and requirements for the entropy sources used by random-bit generators, and the tests for the validation of entropy sources. These entropy sources are intended to be combined with deterministic random-bit generator mechanisms that are specified in NIST SP 800-90A to construct random-bit generators, as specified in NIST SP 800-90C.As a work of the US Federal Government, NIST SP 800-90B is in the public domain and freely available. |
Diketene | Diketene is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H4O2, and which is sometimes written as (CH2CO)2. It is formed by dimerization of ketene, H2C=C=O. Diketene is a member of the oxetane family. It is used as a reagent in organic chemistry. It is a colorless liquid. |
Taegeuk Pal Jang | Taegeuk Pal Jang is the last of eight taegeuk taekwondo forms practiced by the Kukkiwon and the World Taekwondo Federation. A form, or poomsae (also romanized as pursue or poomse), is a choreographed pattern of defense-and-attack motions. Taegeuk Pal Jang is often (but not universally) practiced by students of Kukkiwon/WTF-style taekwondo with rank of 1st geup. First geup students of Kukkiwon/WTF-style taekwondo practice this form in order to advance to the next rank (usually 1st dan black belt), at which students then begin studying a new sequence of black belt forms. |
Mobile web | The mobile web refers to mobile browser-based World Wide Web services accessed from handheld mobile devices, such as smartphones or feature phones, through a mobile or other wireless network. |
Intestinal varices | Intestinal varices are dilated submucosal veins in the intestine.One treatment includes a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. |
Ka/Ks ratio | In genetics, the Ka/Ks ratio, also known as ω or dN/dS ratio, is used to estimate the balance between neutral mutations, purifying selection and beneficial mutations acting on a set of homologous protein-coding genes. It is calculated as the ratio of the number of nonsynonymous substitutions per non-synonymous site (Ka), in a given period of time, to the number of synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (Ks), in the same period. The latter are assumed to be neutral, so that the ratio indicates the net balance between deleterious and beneficial mutations. Values of Ka/Ks significantly above 1 are unlikely to occur without at least some of the mutations being advantageous. If beneficial mutations are assumed to make little contribution, then Ka/Ks estimates the degree of evolutionary constraint. |
O-Octadecylhydroxylamine | O-Octadecylhydroxylamine (ODHA) is a white solid organic compound with the formula C18H39NO. ODHA is a noncanonical lipid, which contains a saturated alkyl tail and an aminooxy headgroup. This noncanonical lipid can be site selectively appended to the N-terminal of desired biopolymers such as peptides. ODHA drives the supramolecular assembly of modified protein, presumably through the hydrophobic collapse of ODHA chains. |
DJM | DJM is a range of DJ mixers made by Pioneer Electronics. |
Tree-adjoining grammar | Tree-adjoining grammar (TAG) is a grammar formalism defined by Aravind Joshi. Tree-adjoining grammars are somewhat similar to context-free grammars, but the elementary unit of rewriting is the tree rather than the symbol. Whereas context-free grammars have rules for rewriting symbols as strings of other symbols, tree-adjoining grammars have rules for rewriting the nodes of trees as other trees (see tree (graph theory) and tree (data structure)). |
Channel-state duality | In quantum information theory, the channel-state duality refers to the correspondence between quantum channels and quantum states (described by density matrices). Phrased differently, the duality is the isomorphism between completely positive maps (channels) from A to Cn×n, where A is a C*-algebra and Cn×n denotes the n×n complex entries, and positive linear functionals (states) on the tensor product Cn×n⊗A. |
International Digital Publishing Forum | The International Digital Publishing Forum (IDPF) was a trade and standards association for the digital publishing industry, set up to establish a standard for electronic book publishing. It was responsible for the EPUB standard currently used by most e-readers.
Starting from the Open eBook (OEB) Publication Structure (1999), created loosely around HTML, it then defined the OPS (Open Publication Structure), the OPF (Open Packaging Format) and the OCF (Open Container Format). These formats are the basis for EPUB. |
Advanced Automatic Collision Notification | Advanced Automatic Collision Notification (AACN) is the successor to Automatic Collision Notification (ACN). To develop procedures that will help emergency medical responders better and more quickly determine if a motorist needs care at a trauma center after a vehicle crash, Center for Disease Control and the CDC Foundation recently partnered with OnStar and the GM Foundation. Through this partnership, CDC conducted a vehicle telematics initiative to develop evidence-based protocols for the emergency medical community to effectively use automotive telemetry data.By enabling responders to more quickly identify, diagnose, and treat injuries, these data will help to reduce death and injuries among vehicle crash victims. As part of this initiative, CDC convened a panel of emergency medical physicians, trauma surgeons, public safety, and vehicle safety experts. The panel considered how real-time crash data from the advanced automatic crash notification (AACN) vehicle telematics system and similar systems can be used to determine whether injured patients need care at a trauma center. By using a collection of sensors, vehicle telemetry systems like AACN send crash data to an advisor if a vehicle is involved in a moderate or severe front, rear, or side-impact crash.Depending on the type of system, the data include information about crash severity, the direction of impact, air bag deployment, multiple impacts, and rollovers (if equipped with appropriate sensors). Advisors can relay this information to emergency dispatchers, helping them to quickly determine the appropriate combination of emergency personnel, equipment, and medical facilities. |
Discrete rate simulation | In the field of simulation, a discrete rate simulation models the behavior of mixed discrete and continuous systems. This methodology is used to simulate linear continuous systems, hybrid continuous and discrete-event systems, and any other system that involves the rate-based movement or flow of material from one location to another. |
Thai cuisine | Thai cuisine (Thai: อาหารไทย, RTGS: ahan thai, pronounced [ʔāː.hǎːn tʰāj]) is the national cuisine of Thailand. |
Fim switch | The fim switch in Escherichia coli is the mechanism by which the fim gene cluster, encoding Type I Pili, is transcriptionally controlled.
These pili are virulence factors involved in adhesion, especially important in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. The gene undergoes phase variation mediated via two recombinases and is a model example of site specific inversion. |
Economizer | Economizers (US and Oxford spelling), or economisers (UK), are mechanical devices intended to reduce energy consumption, or to perform useful function such as preheating a fluid. The term economizer is used for other purposes as well. Boiler, power plant, heating, refrigeration, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) uses are discussed in this article. In simple terms, an economizer is a heat exchanger. |
Vietnamese Quoted-Readable | Vietnamese Quoted-Readable (usually abbreviated VIQR), also known as Vietnet, is a convention for writing Vietnamese using ASCII characters encoded in only 7 bits, making possible for Vietnamese to be supported in computing and communication systems at the time. Because the Vietnamese alphabet contains a complex system of diacritical marks, VIQR requires the user to type in a base letter, followed by one or two characters that represent the diacritical marks. |
International Journal of Mathematics | The International Journal of Mathematics was founded in 1990 and is published monthly (with the exception of June and December) by World Scientific. The journal covers mathematics in general.
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 0.688. |
Extended Channel Interpretation | Extended Channel Interpretation (ECI) is an extension to the communication protocol that is used to transmit data from a bar code reader to a host when a bar code symbol is scanned. It enables the application software to receive additional information about the intended interpretation of the message contained within the barcode symbol and even details about the scan itself. ECI was developed as a symbology-independent extension of the Global Label Identifier (GLI) system used in the PDF417 bar code. |
Polyethylenimine | Polyethylenimine (PEI) or polyaziridine is a polymer with repeating units composed of the amine group and two carbon aliphatic CH2CH2 spacers. Linear polyethyleneimines contain all secondary amines, in contrast to branched PEIs which contain primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups. Totally branched, dendrimeric forms were also reported. PEI is produced on an industrial scale and finds many applications usually derived from its polycationic character. |
Two Hands Anyhow | The Two Hands Anyhow is a traditional strongman weightlifting exercise. The goal was to lift as much weight overhead with two hands (two separate weights) in any method.The exercise was popular with lifters such as Arthur Saxon and Thomas Inch. The most common version of the Two Hands Anyhow had lifters bent press a barbell with the strong arm and then lift a smaller weight with the other arm, usually a kettlebell. The world record for the two hands anyhow in this style is 448 lbs by Arthur Saxon who used a 336 lb barbell and a 112 lb kettlebell.In Great Britain the lift was called the Two Hands Anyhow with Barbell and Ring-Weight, and a ring-weight or dumb-bell would be used rather than a kettlebell. Under the strict British Amateur Weight Lifters' Association rules, Ron Walker set the British Heavyweight Record in 1937 with 310½ lbs. For the longest time, this lift was the one where the record for most weight lifted overhead was achieved until Olympic Weightlifting improved its techniques enough to allow for 500+ pound clean and jerk lifts, eclipsing the Two Hands Anyhow record, mostly because it's fallen out of favor (while the bent press has seen a minor comeback). |
Most (Unix) | most is a terminal pager program on Unix, OpenVMS, MS-DOS, Windows and Unix-like systems used to view (but not change) the contents of a text file one screen at a time. Programs of this sort are called pagers. It is similar to more, but has the extended capability of allowing both forward and backward navigation through the file, and can scroll left and right. most also supports multiple windows.Mats Akerberg, Henk D. Davids, Rex O. Livingston, and Mark Pizzolato contributed to early VMS versions of most. Mark Pizzolato worked on it to get it ready for DECUS. Robert Mills re-wrote the search routines to use regular expressions. |
Geographic information system software | A GIS software program is a computer program to support the use of a geographic information system, providing the ability to create, store, manage, query, analyze, and visualize geographic data, that is, data representing phenomena for which location is important. The GIS software industry encompasses a broad range of commercial and open-source products that provide some or all of these capabilities within various information technology architectures. |
Kempf vanishing theorem | In algebraic geometry, the Kempf vanishing theorem, introduced by Kempf (1976), states that the higher cohomology group Hi(G/B,L(λ)) (i > 0) vanishes whenever λ is a dominant weight of B. Here G is a reductive algebraic group over an algebraically closed field, B a Borel subgroup, and L(λ) a line bundle associated to λ. In characteristic 0 this is a special case of the Borel–Weil–Bott theorem, but unlike the Borel–Weil–Bott theorem, the Kempf vanishing theorem still holds in positive characteristic. |
ITU-R BT.656 | ITU-R Recommendation BT.656, sometimes also called ITU656, describes a simple digital video protocol for streaming uncompressed PAL or NTSC standard-definition television (625 or 525 lines) signals. The protocol builds upon the 4:2:2 digital video encoding parameters defined in ITU-R Recommendation BT.601, which provides interlaced video data, streaming each field separately, and uses the YCbCr color space and a 13.5 MHz sampling frequency for pixels.The standard can be implemented to transmit either 8-bit values (the standard in consumer electronics) or 10-bit values (sometimes used in studio environments). Both a parallel and a serial transmission format are defined. For the parallel format, a 25-pin D-Sub connector pinout and ECL logic levels are defined. The serial format can be transmitted over 75-ohm coaxial cable with BNC connectors, but there is also a fibre-optical version defined. |
Telescript (programming language) | Telescript is an Agent-oriented programming language written by General Magic as part of the overall Magic Cap system. Telescript programs used a modified C-like syntax known as High Telescript and were compiled to a stack-based language called Low Telescript for execution. Low Telescript ran within virtual machine interpreters, or "Telescript engines", on host computers. |
Torse | In heraldry, a torse or wreath is a twisted roll of fabric laid about the top of the helmet and the base of the crest. It has the dual purpose of masking the join between helm and crest, and of holding the mantling in place. |
Complex line | In mathematics, a complex line is a one-dimensional affine subspace of a vector space over the complex numbers. A common point of confusion is that while a complex line has dimension one over C (hence the term "line"), it has dimension two over the real numbers R, and is topologically equivalent to a real plane, not a real line.The "complex plane" commonly refers to the graphical representation of the complex line on the real plane, and is thus generally synonymous with the complex line, and not a two-dimensional space over the complex numbers. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.