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Spatial view cells | Spatial view cells are neurons in primates' hippocampus; they respond when a certain part of the environment is in the animal's field of view.They are related to place cells and head direction cells. Spatial view cells differ from place cells, since they are not localized in space. They also differ from head direction cells since they don't represent a global orientation (like a compass), but the direction towards a specific object. Spatial view cells are the cells that respond in the hippocampus when a particular location is being recalled. These cells are identified in the hippocampus of test subjects by monitoring individual neurons while the test subject is moved around in a cue controlled spatial environment. The spatial view cells are the cells that fire consistently when the monkey is looking at a certain direction in the environment; this is independent of the head direction or the location of the monkey. Also, these cells are confirmed to be spatial view cells by observing that there is minimal randomized firing of the cells without the appropriate stimulus present. |
BLADE (software) | BLADE (Block All Drive-by Download Exploits) is a computer program that was developed by Phillip Porras and Vinod Yegneswaran at SRI International; and Long Lu and Wenke Lee at the Georgia Institute of Technology. BLADE is funded by grants from the National Science Foundation, the United States Army Research Laboratory, and the Office of Naval Research. The program is designed to prevent drive-by download malware attacks. |
Thought experiment | A thought experiment is a hypothetical situation in which a hypothesis, theory, or principle is laid out for the purpose of thinking through its consequences. |
Zinc bromide | Zinc bromide (ZnBr2) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula ZnBr2. It is a colourless salt that shares many properties with zinc chloride (ZnCl2), namely a high solubility in water forming acidic solutions, and good solubility in organic solvents. It is hygroscopic and forms a dihydrate ZnBr2·2H2O. |
Fordham Experiment | The Fordham Experiment was an experiment done as part of a course on The Effects of Television by Eric McLuhan and Harley Parker at Fordham University in 1967 or 1968. The purpose of the experiment was to demonstrate to the students that there was a difference between the effects of movies and those of TV on an audience, and to try to ascertain what some of those differences might be. |
Syphon Filter | Syphon Filter is a third-person shooter stealth video game series developed by Bend Studio (formerly Eidetic) and published by Sony Computer Entertainment (previously 989 Studios), for the PlayStation, PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable. In the series, Syphon Filter is the name given to a mysterious biological weapon. |
Dirac spinor | In quantum field theory, the Dirac spinor is the spinor that describes all known fundamental particles that are fermions, with the possible exception of neutrinos. It appears in the plane-wave solution to the Dirac equation, and is a certain combination of two Weyl spinors, specifically, a bispinor that transforms "spinorially" under the action of the Lorentz group. |
SEPTA Key | The SEPTA Key card is a smart card that is used for automated fare collection on the SEPTA public transportation network in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. It can be used throughout SEPTA's transit system (bus, trolley, subway, high speed line), and on Regional Rail. |
Journal of Engineering Education | The Journal of Engineering Education is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on engineering education that is published by the American Society for Engineering Education. The editor-in-chief is Lisa C. Benson (Clemson University). |
Classical Marxism | Classical Marxism is the body of economic, philosophical, and sociological theories expounded by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in their works, as contrasted with orthodox Marxism, Marxism–Leninism, and autonomist Marxism which emerged after their deaths. The core concepts of classical Marxism include alienation, base and superstructure, class consciousness, class struggle, exploitation, historical materialism, ideology, revolution; and the forces, means, modes, and relations of production. Marx's political praxis (application of theory), including his attempt to organize a professional revolutionary body in the First International, often served as an area of debate for subsequent theorists. |
PLEKHB2 | Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family B member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLEKHB2 gene. |
National Digital Library Program | The Library of Congress National Digital Library Program (NDLP) is assembling a digital library of reproductions of primary source materials to support the study of the history and culture of the United States. Begun in 1995 after a five-year pilot project, the program began digitizing selected collections of Library of Congress archival materials that chronicle the nation's rich cultural heritage. In order to reproduce collections of books, pamphlets, motion pictures, manuscripts and sound recordings, the Library has created a wide array of digital entities: bitonal document images, grayscale and color pictorial images, digital video and audio, and searchable e-texts. To provide access to the reproductions, the project developed a range of descriptive elements: bibliographic records, finding aids, and introductory texts and programs, as well as indexing the full texts for certain types of content. |
Beier–Neely morphing algorithm | Image morphing is a technique to synthesize a fluid transformation from one image (source image) to another (destination image). Source image can be one or more than one images. There are two parts in the image morphing implementation. The first part is warping and the second part is cross-dissolving.
The algorithm of Beier and Neely is a method to compute a mapping of coordinates between 2 images from a set of lines; i.e., the warp is specified by a set of line pairs where the start-points and end-points are given for both images. The algorithm is widely used within morphing software.
Also noteworthy, this algorithm only discussed about the situation with at most 2 source images as there are other algorithms introducing multiple source images. |
FrontBase | FrontBase is a relational database management system written in ANSI C. FrontBase uses the Unicode character encoding. |
Samurai sauce | Samurai sauce (French: Sauce samouraï) is a Belgian condiment prepared from mayonnaise, ketchup, and harissa or sambal oelek commonly served with French fries. The sauce is also popular and widely used throughout France, and is not to be confused with the also popular Algerian sauce. There is indeed a version also called Algerian sauce which is similar to Samurai sauce, but with onions. According to Harry Pearson, author of A Tall Man In A Low Land: Some Time Among the Belgians, mobile friteries in Belgium often have samurai sauce, with some making it their special item. In addition, many kebab restaurants have Samurai sauce as an available condiment. |
Pulse Impact Investing Management Software | Pulse Impact Investing Management Software was a software platform that was available free to non-profit companies and designed to help organizations better demonstrate impact.Pulse was designed to track financial, operational, social and environmental metrics, and featured a range of qualitative reporting to complement quantitative performance management data. It allowed organizations to aggregate and benchmark financial, operating, social and environmental performance metrics at the portfolio and sector level, allowing for meaningful comparisons of performance against a relevant peer group.On September 30, 2013, Acumen Fund and B Lab announced Pulse would be integrated into the B Analytics platform and no longer offered on a standalone basis. |
The Palladium Book of Contemporary Weapons | The Palladium Book of Contemporary Weapons is a 1984 role-playing game supplement published by Palladium Books. |
Risley (circus act) | A Risley or Risley act (also antipode or antipodism) is any circus acrobalance posture where the base is lying down on their back, supporting one or more flyers with their hands, feet and/or other parts of the body; spinning a person or object using only one's feet.
The act is named after Richard Risley Carlisle (1814–1874) who developed this kind of act in the United States.Risleys can be separated into three general categories of skills: Skills that are based with the hands Skills that are based with the feet Other |
Handloading | Handloading, or reloading, is the practice of making firearm cartridges by assembling the individual components (case, primer, propellant, and projectile), rather than purchasing mass-assembled, factory-loaded ammunition. (It should not be confused with the reloading of a firearm with cartridges, such as by swapping magazines or using a speedloader.) The term handloading is the more general term, and refers generically to the manual assembly of ammunition. Reloading refers more specifically to handloading using previously fired cases and shells. The terms are often used interchangeably however, as the techniques are largely the same, whether the handloader is using new or recycled components. The differences lie in the initial preparation of cases and shells; new components are generally ready to load, while previously fired components often need additional procedures, such as cleaning, removal of expended primers, or the reshaping and resizing of brass cases. |
International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients | The International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) are the unique identifiers for cosmetic ingredients such as waxes, oils, pigments, and other chemicals that are assigned in accordance with rules established by the Personal Care Products Council (PCPC), previously the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association (CTFA). INCI names often differ greatly from systematic chemical nomenclature or from more common trivial names and is a mixture of conventional scientific names, Latin and English words. INCI nomenclature conventions "are continually reviewed and modified when necessary to reflect changes in the industry, technology, and new ingredient developments". |
Bushing (isolator) | A bushing or rubber bushing is a type of vibration isolator. It provides an interface between two parts, damping the energy transmitted through the bushing. A common application is in vehicle suspension systems, where a bushing made of rubber (or, more often, synthetic rubber or polyurethane) separates the faces of two metal objects while allowing a certain amount of movement. This movement allows the suspension parts to move freely, for example, when traveling over a large bump, while minimizing transmission of noise and small vibrations through to the chassis of the vehicle. A rubber bushing may also be described as a flexible mounting or antivibration mounting. |
Retinol-binding protein | Retinol-binding proteins (RBP) are a family of proteins with diverse functions. They are carrier proteins that bind retinol. Assessment of retinol-binding protein is used to determine visceral protein mass in health-related nutritional studies. |
Atom shell | Atom shell may refer to either what is properly called an electron shell or an atomic orbital that makes up an electron subshell.
Atom shell may also refer to: The final track of the album A City Dressed in Dynamite by American experimental rock band That Handsome Devil Electron (software framework), originally named Atom Shell |
Artisan cheese | Artisanal cheese refers to cheeses produced by hand using the traditional craftsmanship of skilled cheesemakers. As a result, the cheeses are often more complex in taste and variety. Many are aged and ripened to achieve certain aesthetics. This contrasts with the more mild flavors of mass-produced cheeses produced in large-scale operations, often shipped and sold right away.Part of the artisanal cheese-making process is the aging and ripening of the cheeses to develop flavor and textural characteristics. One type of artisanal cheese is known as farmstead cheese, made traditionally with milk from the producer's own herds of cows, sheep, and goats. Artisan cheeses may be made by mixing milk from multiple farms, whereas the more strict definition of farmstead cheese (or farmhouse cheese) requires that milk come only from one farm. |
Ikeda map | In physics and mathematics, the Ikeda map is a discrete-time dynamical system given by the complex map The original map was proposed first by Kensuke Ikeda as a model of light going around across a nonlinear optical resonator (ring cavity containing a nonlinear dielectric medium) in a more general form. It is reduced to the above simplified "normal" form by Ikeda, Daido and Akimoto zn stands for the electric field inside the resonator at the n-th step of rotation in the resonator, and A and C are parameters which indicate laser light applied from the outside, and linear phase across the resonator, respectively. In particular the parameter B≤1 is called dissipation parameter characterizing the loss of resonator, and in the limit of B=1 the Ikeda map becomes a conservative map. |
BIMx | BIMx is a set of desktop and mobile software tools to interactively present the 3D model and 2D documentation of Building Information Models created with ArchiCAD through a much simpler and intuitive interface than ArchiCAD's complex BIM authoring environment's UI. 3D models with 2D drawing sheets exported to BIMx document format can be viewed with native viewer applications developed for Apple iOS, Android, Mac OS X, and Microsoft Windows operating systems. BIMx presents three dimensional building models in an interactive way similar to First-person shooter video games. Clients, consultants and builders can virtually walk through and make measurements in the 3D model without the need for installing ArchiCAD. The real-time cutaway function can help to discover the construction details of the displayed building model. 2D construction documentation can be accessed directly from the BIMx Hyper-model's 3D model views providing more detailed information about the building. |
X.121 | X.121 is the ITU-T address format of the X.25 protocol suite used as part of call setup to establish a switched virtual circuit between Public Data Networks (PDNs), connecting two network user addresses (NUAs). It consists of a maximum of fourteen binary-coded decimal digits and is sent over the Packet Layer Protocol (PLP) after the packet type identifier (PTI).
The address is made up of the international data number (IDN), which consists of two fields: the 4 digit data network identification code (DNIC) and the (up to) 10 digit national terminal number (NTN). |
Guanine deaminase | Guanine deaminase also known as cypin, guanase, guanine aminase, GAH, and guanine aminohydrolase is an aminohydrolase enzyme which converts guanine to xanthine. Cypin is a major cytosolic protein that interacts with PSD-95. It promotes localized microtubule assembly in neuronal dendrites. |
Metre | The metre (or meter in American spelling; symbol: m) is the base unit of length in the International System of Units (SI). |
Telik | Telik, Inc. was set up in 1988 and was reverse merged into privately held MabVax in May 2014. The major drug of the company was TELINTRA, an investigational agent that was in development for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and idiopathic chronic neutropenia. |
Dual segmented Langmuir probe | Dual Segmented Langmuir Probe (DSLP) is an instrument developed primarily by Czech researchers and engineers to study the magnetospheric background plasma flown on board the spacecraft of the European Space Agency (ESA) Proba 2.Data acquired by DSLP will be used to reach these specific scientific goals: Directional Measurements: Contrary to classical Langmuir probes, the new DSLP concept of data acquisition from the independent segments will enable to study also plasma characteristics in different directions. This should provide for example estimations of plasma flow velocity. Typically in the presence of magnetic field, electron temperatures are observed to be slightly different in the direction parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. This temperature anisotropy should be measured with DSLP by way of directional data acquisition. |
PPP2R5D | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit delta isoform is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPP2R5D gene. Mutations in PPP2R5D cause Jordan's Syndrome. |
Diacope | Diacope ( dy-AK-ə-pee) is a rhetorical term meaning repetition of a word or phrase that is broken up by a single intervening word, or a small number of intervening words. It derives from a Greek word diakopḗ, which means "cut in two". |
MIR660 | MicroRNA 660 is a miRNA that in humans is encoded by the MIR660 gene. |
Desktop Architect | Desktop Architect is a third-party replacement for the Desktop Themes control panel in Windows 95, 98, ME and 2000. It is also fully compatible with Windows XP and Vista. However, in Vista, the startup sound does not work, and the Network Neighborhood icon has to be changed manually. It is not known at this time if this program works with Windows 7. |
FOSDIC | FOSDIC (Film Optical Sensing Device for Input to Computers) is a family of optical scanners for converting data on microfilm to computer-readable magnetic tape. FOSDIC was designed and built by the United States National Bureau of Standards for use by the United States Census Bureau and other government agencies.
Although the Census Bureau entered the computer age with the introduction of UNIVAC I in 1951, its data processing speed was hampered by the continued reliance upon punched cards. Transferring questionnaire data to punch cards that UNIVAC "read" and stored on magnetic tape was a time-consuming process that remained relatively unchanged since the late nineteenth century.
To take advantage of UNIVAC's speed, National Bureau of Standards scientists and Census Bureau engineers began development of FOSDIC. Completed in 1954, the first generation of FOSDIC read the position of pencil-filled circles on questionnaires and translated the responses to computer code stored on magnetic computer tape. |
Autoregressive integrated moving average | In statistics and econometrics, and in particular in time series analysis, an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model is a generalization of an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model. To better comprehend the data or to forecast upcoming series points, both of these models are fitted to time series data. ARIMA models are applied in some cases where data show evidence of non-stationarity in the sense of mean (but not variance/autocovariance), where an initial differencing step (corresponding to the "integrated" part of the model) can be applied one or more times to eliminate the non-stationarity of the mean function (i.e., the trend). When the seasonality shows in a time series, the seasonal-differencing could be applied to eliminate the seasonal component. Since the ARMA model, according to the Wold's decomposition theorem, is theoretically sufficient to describe a regular (a.k.a. purely nondeterministic) wide-sense stationary time series, we are motivated to make stationary a non-stationary time series, e.g., by using differencing, before we can use the ARMA model. Note that if the time series contains a predictable sub-process (a.k.a. pure sine or complex-valued exponential process), the predictable component is treated as a non-zero-mean but periodic (i.e., seasonal) component in the ARIMA framework so that it is eliminated by the seasonal differencing. |
Gypsum recycling | Gypsum recycling is the process of turning gypsum waste (from construction) into recycled gypsum, thereby generating a raw material that can replace virgin gypsum raw materials in the manufacturing of new products. |
Double overhand knot | The double overhand knot or barrel knot is simply an extension of the regular overhand knot, made with one additional pass. The result is slightly larger and more difficult to untie. It forms the first part of the surgeon's knot and both sides of a double fisherman's knot. According to The Ashley Book of Knots, "A double overhand knot tied in a cat-o'-nine-tails is termed a blood knot."When weighted, it can be difficult to untie, especially when wet.The strangle knot is a rearranged double overhand knot made around an object. It is sometimes used to secure items to posts. |
Blade battery | Blade battery is a type of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery for electric vehicles designed and manufactured by FinDreams Battery, a subsidiary of Chinese manufacturing company BYD.The Blade Battery is most commonly a 96 centimetres (37.8 in) long and 9 centimetres (3.5 in) wide single-cell battery with a special design, which can be placed in an array and inserted into a battery pack like a blade. It is made in various lengths and thicknesses. The space utilization of the battery pack is increased by over 50% compared to most conventional lithium iron phosphate block batteries. The driving range of some electric vehicles equipped with Blade Battery can reach more than 600 kilometres (373 mi). |
Jordan–Pólya number | In mathematics, the Jordan–Pólya numbers are the numbers that can be obtained by multiplying together one or more factorials, not required to be distinct from each other. For instance, 480 is a Jordan–Pólya number because 480 =2!⋅2!⋅5! . Every tree has a number of symmetries that is a Jordan–Pólya number, and every Jordan–Pólya number arises in this way as the order of an automorphism group of a tree. These numbers are named after Camille Jordan and George Pólya, who both wrote about them in the context of symmetries of trees.These numbers grow more quickly than polynomials but more slowly than exponentials. As well as in the symmetries of trees, they arise as the numbers of transitive orientations of comparability graphs and in the problem of finding factorials that can be represented as products of smaller factorials. |
ElGamal encryption | In cryptography, the ElGamal encryption system is an asymmetric key encryption algorithm for public-key cryptography which is based on the Diffie–Hellman key exchange. It was described by Taher Elgamal in 1985. ElGamal encryption is used in the free GNU Privacy Guard software, recent versions of PGP, and other cryptosystems. The Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) is a variant of the ElGamal signature scheme, which should not be confused with ElGamal encryption. |
Blend time | Blend time, sometimes termed mixing time, is the time to achieve a predefined level of homogeneity of a tracer in a mixing vessel. Blend time is an important parameter to evaluate the mixing efficiency of mixing devices. In order to make this definition valid, the tracer should be in the same physical phase (e.g. liquid) as the bulk material. Blend time can be determined either with experiments or numerical modeling, such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The experimental methods to determine the blend time in liquid include conductivity method and discoloration method. The conductivity method requires a conductivity probe to present in the target system, which make it an intrusive method because the existence of the probe might change the mixing efficiency of the mixing device. Discoloration method does not require any probe which makes it a non-intrusive method. However, the color detection device (sometimes the human eye) needs to be calibrated against the conductivity method. Both methods are usually applied to monitor the concentration of the tracer in the most difficult to mix locations such as the area adjacent to the impeller shaft. |
Millwork | Millwork is historically any wood mill produced decorative materials used in building construction. Stock profiled and patterned millwork building components fabricated by milling at a planing mill can usually be installed with minimal alteration. Today, millwork may encompass items that are made using alternatives to wood, including synthetics, plastics, and wood-adhesive composites.
Often specified by architects and designers, millwork products are considered a design element within a room or on a building to create a mood or design theme. Millwork products are used in both interior and exterior applications and can serve as either decorative or functional features of a building. |
HP OpenView Storage Area Manager | HP OpenView Storage Area Manager (OVSAM) is a Hewlett-Packard software suite for management of storage resources and infrastructure. |
Origin and occurrence of fluorine | Fluorine is relatively rare in the universe compared to other elements of nearby atomic weight. On Earth, fluorine is essentially found only in mineral compounds because of its reactivity. The main commercial source, fluorite, is a common mineral. |
Arthur Kollmann | Arthur Kollmann (1858–1941) was a German medical researcher from Hamburg who studied the fingerprint characteristics of friction ridges and volar pads.In the 1880s (1883, 1885), Kollmann was the first researcher to address the formation of friction ridges on the fetus and the random physical stresses and tensions which may have played a part in their growth.Kollmann may have been the first researcher to study the development of friction ridges. He grouped the volar pads of humans and also grouped the volar pads of many primates. Kollmann is credited with establishing and then naming ten volar pads in humans, and he was the first to study epidermic markings in different races. Alfred R. Hale described Kollmann as the first researcher (1883) to suggest that mechanical stresses inherent in fetal growth may influence the ultimate dermatoglyphic configuration. |
Relevance vector machine | In mathematics, a Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) is a machine learning technique that uses Bayesian inference to obtain parsimonious solutions for regression and probabilistic classification.
The RVM has an identical functional form to the support vector machine, but provides probabilistic classification. |
Logitech Unifying receiver | The Logitech Unifying Receiver is a small dedicated USB wireless receiver, based on the nRF24L-family of RF devices, that allows up to six compatible Logitech human interface devices (such as mice, trackballs, touchpads, and keyboards; headphones are not compatible) to be linked to the same computer using 2.4 GHz band radio communication. Receivers that are bundled with a Logitech product are paired with the device at the factory. When purchasing a replacement receiver or connecting multiple devices to one receiver, pairing requires the free-of-charge Logitech Unifying software, available for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X. On Linux the Solaar software can be used to adjust the configurations. Although not compatible with Bluetooth, devices pair to Unifying Receivers in a similar way. Peripherals remain paired, and can then be used on systems not supporting the software. Logitech receivers compatible with the Unifying protocol can be identified by the orange Unifying logo, which distinguishes them from Logitech Nano receivers of similar appearance, which pair in a similar manner but only with a single device, without using the Unifying protocol. |
Pesticide detection kit | A Pesticide detection kit is a kit that scientific test kit detects the presence of pesticide residues. Various organizations create them, among them Defence Food Research Laboratory of India. |
Word addressing | In computer architecture, word addressing means that addresses of memory on a computer uniquely identify words of memory. It is usually used in contrast with byte addressing, where addresses uniquely identify bytes. Almost all modern computer architectures use byte addressing, and word addressing is largely only of historical interest. A computer that uses word addressing is sometimes called a word machine. |
Trade item | A trade item is an item that is the subject of trade. It is a term used primarily by people in supply chain management and logistic engineering. An often used term in the Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. |
Salinity | Salinity () is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg (grams of salt per liter/kilogram of water; the latter is dimensionless and equal to ‰). Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspects of the chemistry of natural waters and of biological processes within it, and is a thermodynamic state variable that, along with temperature and pressure, governs physical characteristics like the density and heat capacity of the water. |
.scot | .scot is a GeoTLD for Scotland and Scottish culture, including the Gaelic and Scots languages.Later it was decided to allow almost any top-level domain for introduction some time in 2013, and a list of applications for these was published in June 2012; the domain .scot was included.On 27 January 2014, dotScot Registry, a not-for-profit organization established in 2009, announced that it had agreed terms to operate the .scot domain name, with plans to get it up and running later in summer of 2014.On 15 July 2014, .scot was officially launched. The first .scot domain name to go live was calico.scot, registered by hosting company Calico Internet Ltd.On 17 February 2015, the Scottish Government migrated its website from scotland.gov.uk to gov.scot. Likewise, the Scottish Parliament moved from scottish.parliament.uk to parliament.scot in May 2016, to coincide with the 2016 elections.The 2017 Global Amendment to the base New GeoTLD Registry Agreement is effective as of 31 July 2017.On 3 May 2018 the dotScot Registry lifted registration restrictions on locality domains (based on towns, etc.) and other premium names. |
Teaching machine | Teaching machines were originally mechanical devices that presented educational materials and taught students. They were first invented by Sidney L. Pressey in the mid-1920s. His machine originally administered multiple-choice questions. The machine could be set so it moved on only when the student got the right answer. Tests showed that learning had taken place. This was an example of how knowledge of results causes learning. Much later, Norman Crowder developed the Pressey idea further.B. F. Skinner was responsible for a different type of machine called GLIDER, which used his ideas on how learning should be directed with positive reinforcement. Skinner advocated the use of teaching machines for a broad range of students (e.g., preschool aged to adult) and instructional purposes (e.g., reading and music). The instructional potential of the teaching machine stemmed from several factors: it provided automatic, immediate and regular reinforcement without the use of aversive control; the material presented was coherent, yet varied and novel; the pace of learning could be adjusted to suit the individual. As a result, students were interested, attentive, and learned efficiently by producing the desired behavior, "learning by doing".There is extensive experience that both methods worked well, and so did programmed learning in other forms, such as books. |
MPEG-4 Part 11 | MPEG-4 Part 11 Scene description and application engine was published as ISO/IEC 14496-11 in 2005. MPEG-4 Part 11 is also known as BIFS, XMT, MPEG-J. It defines: the coded representation of the spatio-temporal positioning of audio-visual objects as well as their behaviour in response to interaction (scene description); the coded representation of synthetic two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) objects that can be manifested audibly or visually; the Extensible MPEG-4 Textual (XMT) format - a textual representation of the multimedia content described in MPEG-4 using the Extensible Markup Language (XML); and a system level description of an application engine (format, delivery, lifecycle, and behaviour of downloadable Java byte code applications). (The MPEG-J Graphics Framework eXtensions (GFX) is defined in MPEG-4 Part 21 - ISO/IEC 14496-21.)Binary Format for Scenes (BIFS) is a binary format for two- or three-dimensional audiovisual content. It is based on VRML and part 11 of the MPEG-4 standard. |
NDFIP1 | Nedd4 family interacting protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NDFIP1 gene. |
Gluten-free diet | A gluten-free diet (GFD) is a nutritional plan that strictly excludes gluten, which is a mixture of proteins found in wheat (and all of its species and hybrids, such as spelt, kamut, and triticale), as well as barley, rye, and oats. The inclusion of oats in a gluten-free diet remains controversial, and may depend on the oat cultivar and the frequent cross-contamination with other gluten-containing cereals.Gluten may cause both gastrointestinal and systemic symptoms for those with gluten-related disorders, including coeliac disease (CD), non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), gluten ataxia, dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), and wheat allergy. In these people, the gluten-free diet is demonstrated as an effective treatment, but several studies show that about 79% of the people with coeliac disease have an incomplete recovery of the small bowel, despite a strict gluten-free diet. This is mainly caused by inadvertent ingestion of gluten. People with a poor understanding of a gluten-free diet often believe that they are strictly following the diet, but are making regular errors.In addition, a gluten-free diet may, in at least some cases, improve gastrointestinal or systemic symptoms in diseases like irritable bowel syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, or HIV enteropathy, among others. There is no good evidence that gluten-free diets are an alternative medical treatment for people with autism.Gluten proteins have low nutritional and biological value and the grains that contain gluten are not essential in the human diet. However, an unbalanced selection of food and an incorrect choice of gluten-free replacement products may lead to nutritional deficiencies. Replacing flour from wheat or other gluten-containing cereals with gluten-free flours in commercial products may lead to a lower intake of important nutrients, such as iron and B vitamins. Some gluten-free commercial replacement products are not as enriched or fortified as their gluten-containing counterparts, and often have greater lipid/carbohydrate content. Children especially often over-consume these products, such as snacks and biscuits. Nutritional complications can be prevented by a correct dietary education.A gluten-free diet may be based on gluten-free foods, such as meat, fish, eggs, milk and dairy products, legumes, nuts, fruits, vegetables, potatoes, rice, and corn. Gluten-free processed foods may be used. Pseudocereals (quinoa, amaranth, and buckwheat) and some minor cereals are alternative choices. |
Skateboard | A skateboard is a type of sports equipment used for skateboarding. It is usually made of a specially designed 7–8-ply maple plywood deck and has polyurethane wheels attached to the underside by a pair of skateboarding trucks. |
Canadian Shift | The Canadian Shift is a chain shift of vowel sounds found in Canadian English, beginning among speakers in the last quarter of the 20th century and most significantly involving the lowering and backing of the front vowels. This lowering and backing is structurally identical to the California Shift reported in California English and some younger varieties of Western New England English, Western American English, Pacific Northwest English, and Midland American English; whether the similarly structured shifts in these regional dialects have a single unified cause or not is still not entirely clear. Similar, though not identical, changes to the short front vowels are attested in many English dialects as of 21st-century research, including RP, Indian English, Hiberno-English, South African English, and Australian English (the last two dialects traditionally defined by a chain shift moving in the opposite direction of the Canadian Shift). |
Strontium oxalate | Strontium oxalate is a compound with the chemical formula SrC2O4. Strontium oxalate can exist either in a hydrated form (SrC2O4•nH2O) or as the acidic salt of strontium oxalate (SrC2O4•mH2C2O4•nH2O). |
Bánh mì | In Vietnamese cuisine, bánh mì or banh mi (, ; Vietnamese: [ɓǎjŋ̟ mì], 'bread') is a short baguette with thin, crisp crust and soft, airy texture. It is often split lengthwise and filled with savory ingredients like a submarine sandwich and served as a meal, called bánh mì thịt. Plain bánh mì is also eaten as a staple food. |
Solutions for cavitation in marine propellers | With the introduction of the marine propeller in the early 19th century, cavitation during operation has always been a limiting factor in the efficiency of ships. Cavitation in marine propellers develops when the propeller operates at a high speed and reduces the efficiency of the propeller. Ever since the introduction of the propeller, solutions for cavitation have been developed and tested. |
Simplified Cangjie | Simplified Cangjie, known as Quick (Chinese: 簡易) or Sucheng (Chinese: 速成) is a stroke based keyboard input method based on the Cangjie IME (倉頡輸入法) but simplified with select lists.
Unlike full Cangjie, the user enters only the first and last keystrokes used in the Cangjie system, and then chooses the desired character from a list of candidate Chinese characters that pops up. This method is popular in Taiwan and Hong Kong, the latter in particular.
Simplified Cangjie is one of the few input methods which has an IME pre-installed on Traditional Chinese-capable personal computers. |
Braille Challenge | The Braille Challenge is an annual two-stage Braille literacy competition designed to motivate blind students to emphasize their study of Braille. The program parallels with the importance and educational purpose of a spelling bee for sighted children. Braille is a reading and writing method that breaks language into a code of raised dots. There are three grades of braille: Grade 1, which consists of the 26 standard letters of the alphabet and punctuation. |
BIAS Peak | Peak is a digital audio editing application for the Macintosh, used primarily for stereo/mono recording, sample editing, loop creation, and CD mastering. It is commonly used by amateur and professional audio and video editors, mastering engineers, musicians, sound designers, artists, educators, and hobbyists.It was published by the now defunct company BIAS Inc. in several editions, with varying levels of features. |
Maize (video game) | Maize is a video game by Finish Line Games in Toronto. It was released on December 1, 2016. |
Intermediate filament | Intermediate filaments (IFs) are cytoskeletal structural components found in the cells of vertebrates, and many invertebrates. Homologues of the IF protein have been noted in an invertebrate, the cephalochordate Branchiostoma.Intermediate filaments are composed of a family of related proteins sharing common structural and sequence features. Initially designated 'intermediate' because their average diameter (10 nm) is between those of narrower microfilaments (actin) and wider myosin filaments found in muscle cells, the diameter of intermediate filaments is now commonly compared to actin microfilaments (7 nm) and microtubules (25 nm). Animal intermediate filaments are subcategorized into six types based on similarities in amino acid sequence and protein structure. Most types are cytoplasmic, but one type, Type V is a nuclear lamin. Unlike microtubules, IF distribution in cells show no good correlation with the distribution of either mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum. |
Lipid IVA 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinosyltransferase | Lipid IVA 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.43, undecaprenyl phosphate-alpha-L-Ara4N transferase, 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose lipid A transferase, polymyxin resistance protein PmrK, arnT (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl ditrans, octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate:lipid IVA 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinopyranosyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction (1) 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl ditrans, octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate + alpha-Kdo-(2->4)-alpha-Kdo-(2->6)-lipid A ⇌ alpha-Kdo-(2->4)-alpha-Kdo-(2->6)-[4-P-L-Ara4N]-lipid A + ditrans, octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate (2) 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl ditrans, octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate + lipid IVA ⇌ lipid IIA + ditrans, octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate (3) 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl ditrans, octacis-undecaprenyl phosphate + alpha-Kdo-(2->4)-alpha-Kdo-(2->6)-lipid IVA ⇌ 4'-alpha-L-Ara4N-alpha-Kdo-(2->4)-alpha-Kdo-(2->6)-lipid IVA + ditrans, octacis-undecaprenyl phosphateThis integral membrane protein is present in the inner membrane of certain Gram negative endobacteria. |
Neuro (video game) | Neuro is a cyberpunk first-person shooter video game developed by Revolt Games and published by Russobit-M. It was released on 10 March 2006.The game's plot and world is tech-noir and cyberpunk-themed, as well as dystopian, with inspiration drawn from Blade Runner and Akira, and the works of writers such as William Gibson and Philip K. Dick. |
ABS methods | ABS methods, where the acronym contains the initials of Jozsef Abaffy, Charles G. Broyden and Emilio Spedicato, have been developed since 1981 to generate a large class of algorithms for the following applications: solution of general linear algebraic systems, determined or underdetermined, full or deficient rank; solution of linear Diophantine systems, i.e. equation systems where the coefficient matrix and the right hand side are integer valued and an integer solution is sought; this is a special but important case of Hilbert's tenth problem, the only one in practice soluble; solution of nonlinear algebraic equations; solution of continuous unconstrained or constrained optimization.At the beginning of 2007 ABS literature consisted of over 400 papers and reports and two monographs, one due to Abaffy and Spedicato and published in 1989, one due to Xia and Zhang and published, in Chinese, in 1998. Moreover, three conferences had been organized in China. |
Binomial regression | In statistics, binomial regression is a regression analysis technique in which the response (often referred to as Y) has a binomial distribution: it is the number of successes in a series of n independent Bernoulli trials, where each trial has probability of success p . In binomial regression, the probability of a success is related to explanatory variables: the corresponding concept in ordinary regression is to relate the mean value of the unobserved response to explanatory variables. |
Reputation system | Reputation systems are programs or algorithms that allow users to rate each other in online communities in order to build trust through reputation. Some common uses of these systems can be found on E-commerce websites such as eBay, Amazon.com, and Etsy as well as online advice communities such as Stack Exchange. These reputation systems represent a significant trend in "decision support for Internet mediated service provisions". With the popularity of online communities for shopping, advice, and exchange of other important information, reputation systems are becoming vitally important to the online experience. The idea of reputation systems is that even if the consumer can't physically try a product or service, or see the person providing information, that they can be confident in the outcome of the exchange through trust built by recommender systems.Collaborative filtering, used most commonly in recommender systems, are related to reputation systems in that they both collect ratings from members of a community. The core difference between reputation systems and collaborative filtering is the ways in which they use user feedback. In collaborative filtering, the goal is to find similarities between users in order to recommend products to customers. The role of reputation systems, in contrast, is to gather a collective opinion in order to build trust between users of an online community. |
4Pi microscope | A 4Pi microscope is a laser scanning fluorescence microscope with an improved axial resolution. With it the typical range of the axial resolution of 500–700 nm can be improved to 100–150 nm, which corresponds to an almost spherical focal spot with 5–7 times less volume than that of standard confocal microscopy. |
Electric dipole moment | The electric dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative electrical charges within a system, that is, a measure of the system's overall polarity. The SI unit for electric dipole moment is the coulomb-meter (C⋅m). The debye (D) is another unit of measurement used in atomic physics and chemistry.
Theoretically, an electric dipole is defined by the first-order term of the multipole expansion; it consists of two equal and opposite charges that are infinitesimally close together, although real dipoles have separated charge. |
Cilansetron | Cilansetron is an experimental drug that is a 5-HT3 antagonist under development by Solvay Pharmaceuticals.5-HT3 receptors are responsible for causing many things from nausea to excess bowel movements. In conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), the receptors have become faulty or oversensitive. 5-HT3 antagonists work by blocking the nervous and chemical signals from reaching these receptors. |
COVID-19 pandemic in Guyana | The COVID-19 pandemic in Guyana was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have reached Guyana on 11 March 2020. The first case was a woman who travelled from New York, a 52-year-old woman with underlying health conditions, including diabetes and hypertension. The woman died at the Georgetown Public Hospital. |
Crop rotation | Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area across a sequence of growing seasons. This practice reduces the reliance of crops on one set of nutrients, pest and weed pressure, along with the probability of developing resistant pests and weeds. |
Pivot point (technical analysis) | In financial markets, a pivot point is a price level that is used by traders as a possible indicator of market movement. A pivot point is calculated as an average of significant prices (high, low, close) from the performance of a market in the prior trading period. If the market in the following period trades above the pivot point it is usually evaluated as a bullish sentiment, whereas trading below the pivot point is seen as bearish. |
Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma | Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma, abbreviated PMBL, is a rare type of lymphoma that forms in the mediastinum (the space in between the lungs) and predominantly affects young adults.It is a subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; however, it generally has a significantly better prognosis. |
Link margin | In a wireless communication system, the link margin (LKM), measured in dB, is the difference between the minimum expected power received at the receiver's end, and the receiver's sensitivity (i.e., the received power at which the receiver will stop working). A 15 dB link margin means that the system could tolerate an additional 15 dB of attenuation between the transmitter and the receiver, and it would still just barely work. |
Hantzsch ester | Hantzsch ester refers to an organic compound with the formula HN(MeC=C(CO2Et))2CH2 where Me = methyl (CH3) and Et = ethyl (C2H5). It is a light yellow solid. The compound is an example of a 1,4-dihydropyridine. It is named after Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch who described its synthesis in 1881. The compound is a hydride donor, e.g., for reduction of imines to amines. It is a synthetic analogue of NADH, a naturally occurring dihydropyridine. |
Content Protection for Recordable Media | Content Protection for Recordable Media and Pre-Recorded Media (CPRM / CPPM) is a mechanism for controlling the copying, moving, and deletion of digital media on a host device, such as a personal computer, or other player. It is a form of digital rights management (DRM) developed by The 4C Entity, LLC (consisting of IBM, Intel, Matsushita and Toshiba). |
Fructose 1-phosphate | Fructose-1-phosphate is a derivative of fructose. It is generated mainly by hepatic fructokinase but is also generated in smaller amounts in the small intestinal mucosa and proximal epithelium of the renal tubule. It is an important intermediate of glucose metabolism. Because fructokinase has a high Vmax fructose entering cells is quickly phosphorylated to fructose 1-phosphate. In this form it is usually accumulated in the liver until it undergoes further conversion by aldolase B (the rate limiting enzyme of fructose metabolism). |
HOT-2 | HOT-2 (2,5-dimethoxy-4-(β-ethylthio)-N-hydroxyphenethylamine) is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. It was presumably first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin and reported in his book PiHKAL. |
Laboratoire de Zététique | The Laboratoire de Zététique (English: Zetetic Laboratory) is a structure founded by professor Henri Broch in 1998. |
Trading strategy | In finance, a trading strategy is a fixed plan that is designed to achieve a profitable return by going long or short in markets. The main reasons that a properly researched trading strategy helps are its verifiability, quantifiability, consistency, and objectivity. |
Call capture | Call Capture technology is both a phone and text-based technology that captures personal data from persons who inquire for information on something; usually a property for sale or rent. After the call is placed, the system notifies a client of the name and phone number of the person calling. The system was designed to generate leads specifically for the real estate industry. |
Comparison of web server software | Web server software allows computers to act as web servers. The first web servers supported only static files, such as HTML (and images), but now they commonly allow embedding of server side applications.
Some web application frameworks include simple HTTP servers. For example the Django framework provides runserver, and PHP has a built-in server. These are generally intended only for use during initial development. A production server will require a more robust HTTP front-end such as one of the servers listed here. |
Activin and inhibin | Activin and inhibin are two closely related protein complexes that have almost directly opposite biological effects. Identified in 1986, activin enhances FSH biosynthesis and secretion, and participates in the regulation of the menstrual cycle. Many other functions have been found to be exerted by activin, including roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, metabolism, homeostasis, immune response, wound repair, and endocrine function. Conversely, inhibin downregulates FSH synthesis and inhibits FSH secretion. The existence of inhibin was hypothesized as early as 1916; however, it was not demonstrated to exist until Neena Schwartz and Cornelia Channing's work in the mid-1970s, after which both proteins were molecularly characterized ten years later.Activin is a dimer composed of two identical or very similar beta subunits. Inhibin is also a dimer wherein the first component is a beta subunit similar or identical to the beta subunit in activin. However, in contrast to activin, the second component of the inhibin dimer is a more distantly-related alpha subunit. Activin, inhibin and a number of other structurally related proteins such as anti-Müllerian hormone, bone morphogenetic protein, and growth differentiation factor belong to the TGF-β protein superfamily. |
7-PET | 7-PET is an opioid analgesic drug that has 300 times the potency of morphine by weight. It was discovered by K.W. Bentley and is related to the more well known oripavine derivative etorphine, which is used as a veterinary painkiller and anesthetic medication for the sedation of large animals such as elephants, giraffes, and rhinos. 7-PET itself has a 3-O-methyl ether which reduces potency, but the 3-OH derivative is around 2200 times more potent than morphine, almost the same potency as etorphine as a μ agonist, and unexpectedly the 3-hydrogen compound is also around the same potency of 2000 times morphine.Unlike etorphine, 7-PET is not controlled under the UN drug conventions, but it might still be considered to be a controlled substance analogue of etorphine on the grounds of its related chemical structure in some jurisdictions such as the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. |
Secular variation | The secular variation of a time series is its long-term, non-periodic variation (see decomposition of time series). Whether a variation is perceived as secular or not depends on the available timescale: a variation that is secular over a timescale of centuries may be a segment of what is, over a timescale of millions of years, a periodic variation. Natural quantities often have both periodic and secular variations. Secular variation is sometimes called secular trend or secular drift when the emphasis is on a linear long-term trend. |
Oyster cracker | Oyster crackers are small, salted crackers, typically rounds about 15 millimetres (5⁄8 inch) in diameter, although a slightly smaller hexagonal variety is also common. Oyster crackers are often served with oyster stew and clam chowder and have a flavor similar to saltine crackers. |
Egg shaker | An egg shaker or ganzá is a hand percussion instrument, in the idiophone category, that makes a noise when shaken. Functionally it is similar to a maraca. Typically the outer casing or container is ovoidal or egg-shaped. It is partially full of small, loose objects, such as seeds or beads, which create the percussive sounds as they collide, both with each other and with the inside surface of the container. The egg shaker is a Latin American instrument, cheap to buy and relatively simple to play. |
Regional Atmospheric Modeling System | The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) is a set of computer programs that simulate the atmosphere for weather and climate research and for numerical weather prediction (NWP). Other components include a data analysis and a visualization package.RAMS was developed in the 1980s at Colorado State University (CSU), spearheaded by William R. Cotton and Roger A. Pielke, for mesoscale meteorological modeling. Subsequent development is primarily done by Robert L. Walko and Craig J. Tremback under the supervision of Cotton and Pielke. It is a comprehensive non-hydrostatic model. It is written primarily in Fortran with some C code and it runs best under the Unix operating system. Version 6 was released in 2009.RAMS is the basis for a system simulating the Martian atmosphere that is named MRAMS. |
D-glutamate oxidase | In enzymology, a D-glutamate oxidase (EC 1.4.3.7) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction D-glutamate + H2O + O2 ⇌ 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + H2O2The 3 substrates of this enzyme are D-glutamate, H2O, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 2-oxoglutarate, NH3, and H2O2.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors with oxygen as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D-glutamate:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating). Other names in common use include D-glutamic oxidase, and D-glutamic acid oxidase. This enzyme participates in d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism. |
Samantabhadra Meditation Sutra | The Samantabhadra Meditation Sūtra (traditional Chinese: 觀普賢菩薩行法經; simplified Chinese: 观普贤菩萨行法经; pinyin: guān pǔxián púsà xíngfǎ jīng; Japanese: 普賢経; rōmaji fugen-kyō; Vietnamese: Kinh Quán Phổ Hiền Bồ Tát Hạnh Pháp; Korean: 관보현보살행법경; Gwanbohyeonbosalhaengbeop Gyeong), also known as the Sūtra of Meditation on the Bodhisattva Universal Virtue, is a Mahayana Buddhist sutra teaching meditation and repentance practices. |
Exponential factorial | The exponential factorial is a positive integer n raised to the power of n − 1, which in turn is raised to the power of n − 2, and so on in a right-grouping manner. That is, n(n−1)(n−2)⋯ The exponential factorial can also be defined with the recurrence relation a1=1,an=nan−1 The first few exponential factorials are 1, 2, 9, 262144, ... (OEIS: A049384 or OEIS: A132859). For example, 262144 is an exponential factorial since 262144 =4321 Using the recurrence relation, the first exponential factorials are: 21 = 2 32 = 9 49 = 262144 5262144 = 6206069878...8212890625 (183231 digits)The exponential factorials grow much more quickly than regular factorials or even hyperfactorials. The number of digits in the exponential factorial of 6 is approximately 5 × 10183 230. |
SCO1 | Protein SCO1 homolog, mitochondrial, also known as SCO1, cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCO1 gene. SCO1 localizes predominantly to blood vessels, whereas SCO2 is barely detectable, as well as to tissues with high levels of oxidative phosphorylation. The expression of SCO2 is also much higher than that of SCO1 in muscle tissue, while SCO1 is expressed at higher levels in liver tissue than SCO2. Mutations in both SCO1 and SCO2 are associated with distinct clinical phenotypes as well as tissue-specific cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) deficiency. |
EN 590 | EN 590 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization that describes the physical properties that all automotive diesel fuel must meet if it is to be sold in the European Union and several other European countries.
Based on 98/70/EG it allows the blending of up to 7% fatty acid methyl ester biodiesel with 'conventional' diesel - a 7:93 mix. |
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