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Vuvuzela | The vuvuzela is a horn, with an inexpensive injection-moulded plastic shell about 65 centimetres (2 ft) long, which produces a loud monotone note, typically around B♭ 3 (the first B♭ below middle C). Some models are made in two parts to facilitate storage, and this design also allows pitch variation. Many types of vuvuzela, made by several manufacturers, may produce various intensity and frequency outputs. The intensity of these outputs depends on the blowing technique and pressure exerted.The vuvuzela is commonly used at football matches in South Africa, and it has become a symbol of South African football as the stadiums are filled with its sound. The intensity of the sound caught the attention of the global football community during the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup in anticipation of South Africa hosting the 2010 FIFA World Cup.The vuvuzela has been the subject of controversy when used by spectators at football matches. Its high volume can lead to permanent hearing loss for unprotected ears after close-range exposure, with a sound level of 120 dB(A) (the threshold of pain) at one metre (3.3 ft) from the device opening. |
Unisolvent point set | In approximation theory, a finite collection of points X⊂Rn is often called unisolvent for a space W if any element w∈W is uniquely determined by its values on X .X is unisolvent for Πnm (polynomials in n variables of degree at most m) if there exists a unique polynomial in Πnm of lowest possible degree which interpolates the data X Simple examples in R would be the fact that two distinct points determine a line, three points determine a parabola, etc. It is clear that over R , any collection of k + 1 distinct points will uniquely determine a polynomial of lowest possible degree in Πk |
Android Mini PC MK802 | The MK802 is a PC-on-a-stick produced by Rikomagic, a Chinese company using mostly two series of Systems on a chip architectures: AllWinner A1X SoC, based on an ARM architecture, composed of an ARM V7 based Cortex-A8 1 GHz processor, a Mali-400 MP GPU, Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n, and a VPU CedarX capable of displaying up to 1080p video.
Rockchip RK3xxx SoC, based on an ARM architecture, composed of an ARM V7 based (Cortex-A8, Cortex-A9 and then, Cortex-A17 CPU for Rikomagic Mini PC MK902 series) beside Mali-400 (and Mali-T764 for MK902). |
Epigenetic controls in ciliates | Epigenetic controls in ciliates is about the unique characteristic of Ciliates, which is that they possess two kinds of nuclei (this phenomenon is called nuclear dimorphism): a micronucleus used for inheritance, and a macronucleus, which controls the metabolism. The micronucleus contains the entirety of the genome whereas the macronucleus only contains the DNA necessary for vegetative growth. The macronucleus divides via amitosis, whereas the micronucleus undergoes typical mitosis. During sexual development a new macronucleus is formed from the meiosis of the micronucleus, where the removal of transposons occurs. On the division or reproduction of ciliates, the two nuclei are under several epigenetic controls. |
GenoCAD | GenoCAD is one of the earliest computer assisted design tools for synthetic biology. The software is a bioinformatics tool developed and maintained by GenoFAB, Inc.. GenoCAD facilitates the design of protein expression vectors, artificial gene networks and other genetic constructs for genetic engineering and is based on the theory of formal languages. |
Tuck rule (ice hockey) | The tuck rule is a rule by the National Hockey League (NHL) that stipulates how jerseys must be worn over protective equipment. Notable players who have previously tucked in their jerseys include Alexander Ovechkin, Evgeni Malkin, Patrice Bergeron, Kris Letang, Pavel Datsyuk, Wayne Gretzky and Jaromir Jagr. However, the rule has not been strictly enforced since its introduction to the NHL, as some players, such as Connor McDavid, Evgeni Malkin and Wayne Simmonds have been seen with a slight tuck in their jersey. The Seattle Kraken's winger Daniel Sprong continues to tuck his jersey during play. |
Pig iron | Pig iron, also known as crude iron, is an intermediate good used by the iron industry in the production of steel, which is developed by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Pig iron has a high carbon content, typically 3.8–4.7%, along with silica and other constituents of dross, which makes it brittle and not useful directly as a material except for limited applications.The traditional shape of the molds used for pig iron ingots is a branching structure formed in sand, with many individual ingots at right angles to a central channel or "runner", resembling a litter of piglets being nursed by a sow. When the metal had cooled and hardened, the smaller ingots (the "pigs") were simply broken from the runner (the "sow"), hence the name "pig iron". As pig iron is intended for remelting, the uneven size of the ingots and the inclusion of small amounts of sand are insignificant issues when compared to the ease of casting and handling. |
Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir | Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir, sold under the brand name Vosevi, is a fixed-dose combination medication for the treatment of hepatitis C. It combines three drugs that each act by a different mechanism of action against the hepatitis C virus: sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir.Vosevi was approved for medical use in the United States and in the European Union in July 2017. Vosevi is sold by Gilead Sciences. |
Barrier cone | In mathematics, specifically functional analysis, the barrier cone is a cone associated to any non-empty subset of a Banach space. It is closely related to the notions of support functions and polar sets. |
Double heterostructure | A double heterostructure, sometimes called double heterojunction, is formed when two semiconductor materials are grown into a "sandwich". One material (such as AlGaAs) is used for the outer layers (or cladding), and another of smaller band gap (such as GaAs) is used for the inner layer. In this example, there are two AlGaAs-GaAs junctions (or boundaries), one at each side of the inner layer. There must be two boundaries for the device to be a double heterostructure. If there was only one side of cladding material, the device would be a simple, or single, heterostructure. |
NIST RBAC model | The NIST RBAC model is a standardized definition of role-based access control. Although originally developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the standard was adopted and is copyrighted and distributed as INCITS 359-2004 by the International Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS). The latest version is INCITS 359-2012.
It is managed by INCITS committee CS1. |
Polymatroid | In mathematics, a polymatroid is a polytope associated with a submodular function. The notion was introduced by Jack Edmonds in 1970. It is also described as the multiset analogue of the matroid. |
Switching time | For a frequency synthesizer, the switching time or more colloquially the switching speed is the amount of time from when the command for the next frequency is requested until the time that the synthesizer's output becomes usable and meets the specified requirements. Such requirements will vary depending on the design of the synthesizer. In the 1970s switching speeds ranged from 1 millisecond to 10 microseconds. A more general statement has been given by James A. Crawford: 50 reference cycles as a rule of thumb. IIIT-H is making a processor having clock speed higher than i7 processors having 16 cores. By this rule, a reference frequency of 50 kHz has a settling time of 1 millisecond. Two other authors state (Hamid Rategh and Thomas H. Lee) that the switching time (i.e., settling time) is a function of the percentage change in the feedback division ratio. So according to them, the delta N over N itself determines the switching time, where N is the frequency synthesizer's feedback divisor. |
Chorismate mutase | In enzymology, chorismate mutase (EC 5.4.99.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction for the conversion of chorismate to prephenate in the pathway to the production of phenylalanine and tyrosine, also known as the shikimate pathway. |
We | In Modern English, we is a plural, first-person pronoun. |
PIKO | Piko (stylized PIKO, pronounced "peek-oh") is a German model train brand in Europe that also exports to the United States and other parts of the world. |
Visual field test | A visual field test is an eye examination that can detect dysfunction in central and peripheral vision which may be caused by various medical conditions such as glaucoma, stroke, pituitary disease, brain tumours or other neurological deficits. Visual field testing can be performed clinically by keeping the subject's gaze fixed while presenting objects at various places within their visual field. Simple manual equipment can be used such as in the tangent screen test or the Amsler grid. When dedicated machinery is used it is called a perimeter. |
BioCyc database collection | The BioCyc database collection is an assortment of organism specific Pathway/Genome Databases (PGDBs) that provide reference to genome and metabolic pathway information for thousands of organisms. As of July 2023, there were over 20,040 databases within BioCyc. SRI International, based in Menlo Park, California, maintains the BioCyc database family. |
Creatine methyl ester | Creatine methyl ester is the methyl ester derivative of the amino acid creatine. It can be prepared by the esterification of creatine with methanol. |
(Trimethylsilyl)methyl chloride | (Trimethylsilyl)methyl chloride is the organosilicon compound with the formula (CH3)3SiCH2Cl. A colorless, volatile liquid, it is an alkylating agent that is employed in organic synthesis, especially as a precursor to (trimethylsilyl)methyllithium. In the presence of triphenylphosphine, it olefinates benzophenones: (CH3)3SiCH2Cl + PPh3 + Ar2C=O → Ar2C=CH2 + OPPh3 + (CH3)3SiCl |
TPA-023 | TPA-023 (MK-0777) is an anxiolytic drug with a novel chemical structure, which is used in scientific research. It has similar effects to benzodiazepine drugs, but is structurally distinct and so is classed as a nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic. It is a subtype-selective, mixed allosteric modular at the benzodiazepine location on GABAA receptors, where it acts as a partial agonist at the α2 and α3 subtypes, but as a silent antagonist at α1 and α5 subtypes. It has primarily anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects in animal tests, but with no sedative effects even at 50 times the effective anxiolytic dose.In human trials on healthy volunteers, TPA-023 was comparable to lorazepam, but had much less side effects on cognition, memory, alertness or coordination. In Phase II trials, the compound was significantly superior to placebo without inducing sedation. The clinical development was halted due to preclinical toxicity (cataract) in long term dosing studies. TPA-023 is well absorbed following oral administration and extensively metabolised by the liver, with a half-life of 6.7 hours. The main enzyme involved in its metabolism is CYP3A4, with some contribution by CYP3A5. |
Test money | Test money (or test notes, test bills, funny money, Monopoly money) are a part of the test apparatus that are often used with currency handling equipment, such as automatic teller machines. While it is often desirable to use actual banknotes or coins in the process of testing currency handling equipment, the inherent value of the objects being used means that security procedures must be put in place during the testing period that they are used. If the testing includes destructive testing, where the currency is purposefully damaged or destroyed to see how the machinery will react, further concern will be raised about the subsequent loss in value of the objects. To remove these concerns, test money is often used in place of real currency. |
Minimal instruction set computer | Minimal instruction set computer (MISC) is a central processing unit (CPU) architecture, usually in the form of a microprocessor, with a very small number of basic operations and corresponding opcodes, together forming an instruction set. Such sets are commonly stack-based rather than register-based to reduce the size of operand specifiers.
Such a stack machine architecture is inherently simpler since all instructions operate on the top-most stack entries.
One result of the stack architecture is an overall smaller instruction set, allowing a smaller and faster instruction decode unit with overall faster operation of individual instructions. |
GNOME Character Map | GNOME Character Map, formerly known as Gucharmap, is a free and open-source software Unicode character map program, part of GNOME. This program allows characters to be displayed by Unicode block or script type. It includes brief descriptions of related characters and occasionally meanings of the character in question. Gucharmap can also be used to input or enter characters (by copy and paste). The search functionality allows the use of several search methods, including by Unicode name or code point of the character. It is built on the GTK toolkit and can be run on any platform supported by GTK. A number of text programs use Gucharmap for character input. |
Aquapet | Aquapets are interactive, electronic toys that were introduced in the US in 2004 by Wild Planet. They consist of a transparent, water-filled case housing a thumb-sized figure, and a base with a microchip, microphone, and speaker to register and respond to sounds made by kids or by other Aquapets. Each character has its own look, sounds and songs and responds with movement and melody. The more a child plays with their Aquapets, the more songs they will perform and the livelier they will become. |
Fragment (logic) | In mathematical logic, a fragment of a logical language or theory is a subset of this logical language obtained by imposing syntactical restrictions on the language. Hence, the well-formed formulae of the fragment are a subset of those in the original logic. However, the semantics of the formulae in the fragment and in the logic coincide, and any formula of the fragment can be expressed in the original logic. |
Title (animal) | In animal husbandry and animal fancy, animals can compete in various shows and sports for titles signifying excellence. These titles vary depending on the species of the animal, the kind of show, and the country the event is held in. |
Aridification | Aridification is the process of a region becoming increasingly arid, or dry. It refers to long term change, rather than seasonal variation.
It is often measured as the reduction of average soil moisture content.
It can be caused by reduced precipitation, increased evaporation, lowering of water tables, and changes in ground cover acting individually or in combination.
Its major consequences include reduced agricultural production, soil degradation, ecosystem changes and decreased water catchment runoff.Some researchers have found that the Colorado River basin and other parts of western North America are currently undergoing aridification. |
Buffer analysis | In geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial analysis, buffer analysis is the determination of a zone around a geographic feature containing locations that are within a specified distance of that feature, the buffer zone (or just buffer). A buffer is likely the most commonly used tool within the proximity analysis methods. |
4-HO-DPT | 4-HO-DPT (4-hydroxy-N,N-dipropyltryptamine, Deprocin) is a substituted tryptamine with psychedelic effects. It is the 4-hydroxyl analog of dipropyltryptamine (DPT).
In 2019, Chadeayne et al. solved the crystal structure of the fumarate salt of 4-HO-DPT. The authors describe the structure as follows: "The asymmetric unit contains one 4-HO-DPT cation, protonated at the dipropylamine N atom. There are also two independent water molecules, and half of a fumarate ion present." |
2-phosphosulfolactate phosphatase | The enzyme 2-phosphosulfolactate phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.71) catalyzes the reaction (2R)-2-phospho-3-sulfolactate + H2O ⇌ (2R)-3-sulfolactate + phosphateThis enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on phosphoric monoester bonds. The systematic name (R)-2-phospho-3-sulfolactate phosphohydrolase. Other names in common use include (2R)-phosphosulfolactate phosphohydrolase, and ComB phosphatase. |
Hypersurface | In geometry, a hypersurface is a generalization of the concepts of hyperplane, plane curve, and surface. A hypersurface is a manifold or an algebraic variety of dimension n − 1, which is embedded in an ambient space of dimension n, generally a Euclidean space, an affine space or a projective space.
Hypersurfaces share, with surfaces in a three-dimensional space, the property of being defined by a single implicit equation, at least locally (near every point), and sometimes globally. |
Limbic resonance | Limbic resonance is the idea that the capacity for sharing deep emotional states arises from the limbic system of the brain. These states include the dopamine circuit-promoted feelings of empathic harmony, and the norepinephrine circuit-originated emotional states of fear, anxiety and anger.The concept was advanced in the book A General Theory of Love (2000), and is one of three interrelated concepts central to the book's premise: that our brain chemistry and nervous systems are measurably affected by those closest to us (limbic resonance); that our systems synchronize with one another in a way that has profound implications for personality and lifelong emotional health (limbic regulation); and that these set patterns can be modified through therapeutic practice (limbic revision).: 170 In other words, it refers to the capacity for empathy and non-verbal connection that is present in mammals, and that forms the basis of our social connections as well as the foundation for various modes of therapy and healing. According to the authors (Thomas Lewis, M.D, Fari Amini, M.D. and Richard Lannon, M.D.), our nervous systems are not self-contained, but rather demonstrably attuned to those around us with whom we share a close connection. "Within the effulgence of their new brain, mammals developed a capacity we call 'limbic resonance' — a symphony of mutual exchange and internal adaptation whereby two mammals become attuned to each other's inner states."This notion of limbic resonance builds on previous formulations and similar ideas. For example, the authors retell at length the notorious experiments of Harry Harlow establishing the importance of physical contact and affection in social and cognitive development of rhesus monkeys. They also make extensive use of subsequent research by Tiffany Field in mother/infant contact, Paul D. MacLean on the triune brain (reptilian, limbic, and neocortex), and the work of G.W. Kraemer. |
Nasal septum perforation | A nasal septum perforation is a medical condition in which the nasal septum, the bony/cartilaginous wall dividing the nasal cavities, develops a hole or fissure. |
ZooMS | Zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry, commonly referred to by the abbreviation ZooMS, is a scientific method that identifies animal species by means of characteristic peptide sequences in the protein collagen. ZooMS is the most common archaeological application of peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) and can be used for species identification of bones, teeth, skin and antler. It is commonly used to identify objects that cannot be identified morphologically. In an archaeological context this usually means that the object is too fragmented or that it has been shaped into an artefact. Archaeologists use these species identification to study among others past environments, diet and raw material selection for the production of tools. |
Directory (OpenVMS command) | In computer software, specifically the DCL command-line interface of the OpenVMS operating system, the DIRECTORY command (often abbreviated as DIR) is used to list the files inside a directory. It is analogous to the DOS dir and Unix ls commands. |
Pairs trade | A pairs trade or pair trading is a market neutral trading strategy enabling traders to profit from virtually any market conditions: uptrend, downtrend, or sideways movement. This strategy is categorized as a statistical arbitrage and convergence trading strategy. Pair trading was pioneered by Gerry Bamberger and later led by Nunzio Tartaglia's quantitative group at Morgan Stanley in the 1980s.The strategy monitors performance of two historically correlated securities. When the correlation between the two securities temporarily weakens, i.e. one stock moves up while the other moves down, the pairs trade would be to short the outperforming stock and to long the underperforming one, betting that the "spread" between the two would eventually converge. The divergence within a pair can be caused by temporary supply/demand changes, large buy/sell orders for one security, reaction for important news about one of the companies, and so on. |
MTERF1 | Mitochondrial transcription termination factor 1, also known as MTERF1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the MTERF gene.This gene encodes a mitochondrial transcription termination factor. This protein participates in attenuating transcription from the mitochondrial genome; this attenuation allows higher levels of expression of 16S ribosomal RNA relative to the tRNA gene downstream. The product of this gene has three leucine zipper motifs bracketed by two basic domains that are all required for DNA binding. There is evidence that, for this protein, the zippers participate in intramolecular interactions that establish the three-dimensional structure required for DNA binding. |
Dead Sea salt | Dead Sea salt refers to salt and other mineral deposits extracted or taken from the Dead Sea. The composition of this material differs significantly from oceanic salt. |
Video interlude | A video interlude is an interlude during a performance that shows a video. Video interludes are often played in concerts, showing a music video (often made specifically for the show), usually featuring the artists while the artist takes a break or costume change.
Video interludes have been used by Madonna since at least 1990. |
College circuit | College circuit is a form of motion picture distribution where old films as well as new ones are shown on college campuses, usually in the evening. The selections range from art house fare to wide release films and cult classics (also see midnight movies for a similar practice). |
Redux (JavaScript library) | Redux is an open-source JavaScript library for managing and centralizing application state. It is most commonly used with libraries such as React or Angular for building user interfaces. Similar to (and inspired by) Facebook's Flux architecture, it was created by Dan Abramov and Andrew Clark.
Since mid-2016, the primary maintainers are Mark Erikson and Tim Dorr. |
InterVideo WinDVR | InterVideo WinDVR is a commercial digital video recorder (DVR) software package for Windows operating systems. It allows PCs to work as a TV set and a DVR at the same time, using a hardware-based TV turner card. It has an integrated electronic program guide (EPG) that is updated via the Internet. |
Interspinous plane | The interspinous plane (Planum interspinale) is an anatomical transverse plane that passes through the anterior superior iliac spines. It separates the lateral lumbar region from the inguinal region and the umbilical region from the pubic region. |
Tautology (rule of inference) | In propositional logic, tautology is either of two commonly used rules of replacement. The rules are used to eliminate redundancy in disjunctions and conjunctions when they occur in logical proofs. They are: The principle of idempotency of disjunction: P∨P⇔P and the principle of idempotency of conjunction: P∧P⇔P Where " ⇔ " is a metalogical symbol representing "can be replaced in a logical proof with." |
Soda bread | Soda bread is a variety of quick bread traditionally made in a variety of cuisines in which sodium bicarbonate (otherwise known as "baking soda", or in Ireland, "bread soda") is used as a leavening agent instead of the traditional yeast. The ingredients of traditional soda bread are flour, baking soda, salt, and buttermilk. The buttermilk in the dough contains lactic acid, which reacts with the baking soda to form tiny bubbles of carbon dioxide. Other ingredients can be added, such as butter, egg, raisins, or nuts. An advantage of quick breads is their ability to be prepared quickly and reliably, without requiring the time-consuming skilled labor and temperature control needed for traditional yeast breads. |
Dream argument | The dream argument is the postulation that the act of dreaming provides preliminary evidence that the senses we trust to distinguish reality from illusion should not be fully trusted, and therefore, any state that is dependent on our senses should at the very least be carefully examined and rigorously tested to determine whether it is in fact reality. |
Crew | A crew is a body or a class of people who work at a common activity, generally in a structured or hierarchical organization. A location in which a crew works is called a crewyard or a workyard. The word has nautical resonances: the tasks involved in operating a ship, particularly a sailing ship, providing numerous specialities within a ship's crew, often organised with a chain of command. Traditional nautical usage strongly distinguishes officers from crew, though the two groups combined form the ship's company. Members of a crew are often referred to by the title crewman or crew-member. |
Total curvature | In mathematical study of the differential geometry of curves, the total curvature of an immersed plane curve is the integral of curvature along a curve taken with respect to arc length: ∫abk(s)ds=2πN. |
Pacchionian foramen | Pacchionian foramen means: incisurae tentorii (aka tentorial notch) a thick opening in the center of the diaphragm of sella through which the infundibulum passesThe Pacchionian foramen (incisura tentorii) is important due to some types of brain herniation through it, i.e. supratentorial, infratentorial herniation. |
Glk (software) | Glk is a portable application programming interface (API) created by Andrew Plotkin for use by programs with a text interface; these programs mostly include interactive fiction (IF) interpreters for Z-machine, TADS, Glulx, and Hugo games, and IF games written in more obscure file formats such as those used by Level 9 Computing and Magnetic Scrolls.
The Glk API specification describes facilities for input, output, text formatting, graphics, sound, and file I/O. |
Mic in track | Mic in track (as well as Line in track and Mixer in track) was the default name of a file created after recording with the program MusicMatch Jukebox. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Mic in track files began appearing on file-sharing networks such as Napster, usually without the knowledge of their creators. Because of the unique name, voyeurs could easily search for the files and listen to audio of unknowing individuals performing karaoke or joking around with friends. Several websites are devoted to cataloging and featuring their favorite Mic in track files. |
Inclusion bodies | Inclusion bodies are aggregates of specific types of protein found in neurons, a number of tissue cells including red blood cells, bacteria, viruses, and plants. Inclusion bodies of aggregations of multiple proteins are also found in muscle cells affected by inclusion body myositis and hereditary inclusion body myopathy.Inclusion bodies in neurons may be accumulated in the cytoplasm or nucleus, and are associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. Inclusion bodies in neurodegenerative diseases are aggregates of misfolded proteins (aggresomes) and are hallmarks of many of these diseases, including Lewy bodies in Lewy body dementias, and Parkinson's disease, neuroserpin inclusion bodies called Collins bodies in familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies, inclusion bodies in Huntington's disease, Papp–Lantos bodies in multiple system atrophy, and various inclusion bodies in frontotemporal dementia including Pick bodies. Bunina bodies in motor neurons are a core feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Other usual cell inclusions are often temporary inclusions of accumulated proteins, fats, secretory granules or other insoluble components.Inclusion bodies are found in bacteria as particles of aggregated protein. They have a higher density than many other cell components but are porous. They typically represent sites of viral multiplication in a bacterium or a eukaryotic cell and usually consist of viral capsid proteins. |
Anthrone | Anthrone is a tricyclic aromatic ketone. It is used for a common cellulose assay and in the colorimetric determination of carbohydrates.Derivatives of anthrone are used in pharmacy as laxative. They stimulate the motion of the colon and reduce water reabsorption. Some anthrone derivatives can be extracted from a variety of plants, including Rhamnus frangula, Aloe ferox, Rheum officinale, and Cassia senna. Glycosides of anthrone are also found in high amounts in rhubarb leaves, and alongside concentrated amounts of oxalic acid are the reason for the leaves being inedible. |
Savoury (dish) | A savoury is the final course of a traditional British formal meal, following the sweet pudding or dessert course. The savoury is designed to "clear the palate" before the port is served. It generally consists of salty and plain elements. |
TEDMED | TEDMED is an annual conference focusing on health and medicine, with a year-round web-based community. TEDMED is an independent event operating under license from the nonprofit TED conference. |
F-test | An F-test is any statistical test in which the test statistic has an F-distribution under the null hypothesis. It is most often used when comparing statistical models that have been fitted to a data set, in order to identify the model that best fits the population from which the data were sampled. Exact "F-tests" mainly arise when the models have been fitted to the data using least squares. The name was coined by George W. Snedecor, in honour of Ronald Fisher. Fisher initially developed the statistic as the variance ratio in the 1920s. |
Level staff | A level staff, also called levelling rod, is a graduated wooden or aluminium rod, used with a levelling instrument to determine the difference in height between points or heights of points above a vertical datum.
When used for stadiametric rangefinding, the level staff is called a stadia rod. |
STEbus | The STEbus (also called the IEEE-1000 bus) is a non-proprietary, processor-independent, computer bus with 8 data lines and 20 address lines. It was popular for industrial control systems in the late 1980s and early 1990s before the ubiquitous IBM PC dominated this market. STE stands for STandard Eurocard.Although no longer competitive in its original market, it is valid choice for hobbyists wishing to make 'home brew' computer systems. The Z80 and probably the CMOS 65C02 are possible processors to use. The standardized bus allows hobbyists to interface to each other's designs. |
Chntpw | chntpw is a software utility for resetting or blanking local passwords used by Windows NT operating systems on Linux. It does this by editing the SAM database where Windows stores password hashes. |
Master data management | Master data management (MDM) is a technology-enabled discipline in which business and information technology work together to ensure the uniformity, accuracy, stewardship, semantic consistency and accountability of the enterprise's official shared master data assets. |
Rebound attack | The rebound attack is a tool in the cryptanalysis of cryptographic hash functions. The attack was first published in 2009 by Florian Mendel, Christian Rechberger, Martin Schläffer and Søren Thomsen. It was conceived to attack AES like functions such as Whirlpool and Grøstl, but was later shown to also be applicable to other designs such as Keccak, JH and Skein. |
Ducrete | DUCRETE (Depleted Uranium Concrete) is a high density concrete alternative investigated for use in construction of casks for storage of radioactive waste. It is a composite material containing depleted uranium dioxide aggregate instead of conventional gravel, with a Portland cement binder. |
XQuery | XQuery (XML Query) is a query and functional programming language that queries and transforms collections of structured and unstructured data, usually in the form of XML, text and with vendor-specific extensions for other data formats (JSON, binary, etc.). The language is developed by the XML Query working group of the W3C. The work is closely coordinated with the development of XSLT by the XSL Working Group; the two groups share responsibility for XPath, which is a subset of XQuery. |
Type-1.5 superconductor | Type-1.5 superconductors are multicomponent superconductors characterized by two or more coherence lengths, at least one of which is shorter than the magnetic field penetration length λ , and at least one of which is longer. This is in contrast to single-component superconductors, where there is only one coherence length ξ and the superconductor is necessarily either type 1 ( ξ>λ ) or type 2 ( ξ<λ ) (often a coherence length is defined with extra 21/2 factor, with such a definition the corresponding inequalities are ξ>2λ and ξ<2λ ). When placed in magnetic field, type-1.5 superconductors should form quantum vortices: magnetic-flux-carrying excitations. They allow magnetic field to pass through superconductors due to a vortex-like circulation of superconducting particles (electronic pairs). In type-1.5 superconductors these vortices have long-range attractive, short-range repulsive interaction. As a consequence a type-1.5 superconductor in a magnetic field can form a phase separation into domains with expelled magnetic field and clusters of quantum vortices which are bound together by attractive intervortex forces. The domains of the Meissner state retain the two-component superconductivity, while in the vortex clusters one of the superconducting components is suppressed. Thus such materials should allow coexistence of various properties of type-I and type-II superconductors. |
Auth-Code | An Auth-Code, also known as an EPP code, authorization code, transfer code, or Auth-Info Code, is a generated passcode required to transfer an Internet domain name between domain registrars; the code is intended to indicate that the domain name owner has authorized the transfer.Auth-Codes are created by the current registrar of the domain. The registrar is required to provide the Auth-Code to the domain name owner within five calendar days of the owner's request, and ICANN accepts complaints about registrars that do not. Some registrars allow Auth-Codes to be generated by the domain owners through the registrar's website. All Generic top-level domains use an Auth-Code in their transfer process.The .nz domain registry used an eight-character Auth-Code called Unique Domain Authentication Identifier (UDAI) for domain transfers and name conflict procedures. The UDAI was provided to the domain owner by the domain's current registrar, and expired after 30 days. With the .nz registry update in 2022 the term UDAI was retired, and the passcode is now also referred to as an Auth-Code. |
PPGI | PPGI is pre-painted galvanised iron, also known as pre-coated steel, coil coated steel, color coated steel etc., typically with a hot dip zinc coated steel substrate. |
Crystallographic image processing | Crystallographic image processing (CIP) is traditionally understood as being a set of key steps in the determination of the atomic structure of crystalline matter from high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) images obtained in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) that is run in the parallel illumination mode. The term was created in the research group of Sven Hovmöller at Stockholm University during the early 1980s and became rapidly a label for the "3D crystal structure from 2D transmission/projection images" approach. Since the late 1990s, analogous and complementary image processing techniques that are directed towards the achieving of goals with are either complementary or entirely beyond the scope of the original inception of CIP have been developed independently by members of the computational symmetry/geometry, scanning transmission electron microscopy, scanning probe microscopy communities, and applied crystallography communities. |
Protruding ear | Prominent ear, otapostasis or bat ear is an abnormally protruding human ear. It may be unilateral or bilateral. The concha is large with poorly developed antihelix and scapha. It is the result of malformation of cartilage during primitive ear development in intrauterine life. The deformity can be corrected anytime after five years of age. The surgery is preferably done at the earliest possible age in order to avoid psychological distress. Correction by otoplasty involves changing the shape of the ear cartilage so that the ear is brought closer to the side of the head. The skin is not removed, but the shape of the cartilage is altered. The surgery does not affect hearing. It is done for cosmetic purposes only. The complications of the surgery, though rare, are keloid formation, hematoma formation, infection and asymmetry between the ears. |
Ceinture | Ceinture (French, 'belt' or 'girdle', and may refer to a ring road) may refer to: |
Chuang Yin-ching | Kenneth Chuang Yin-ching (Chinese: 莊銀清) is a Taiwanese epidemiologist. As of January 2020, he leads the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (TCDC) Communicable Disease Control Medical Network. |
1,3-Benzodioxolyl-N-ethylbutanamine | Ethylbenzodioxolylbutanamine (EBDB; Ethyl-J) is a lesser-known entactogen, stimulant, and psychedelic. It is the N-ethyl analogue of benzodioxylbutanamine (BDB; "J"), and also the α-ethyl analogue of methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA; "Eve"). |
Hypercyclic morphogenesis | Hypercyclic morphogenesis refers to the emergence of a higher order of self-reproducing structure or organization or hierarchy within a system, first introduced by J. Barkley Rosser, Jr. in 1991 (Chap. 12). It involves combining the idea of the hypercycle, an idea due to Manfred Eigen and Peter Schuster (1979) with that of morphogenesis, an idea due to D’Arcy W.Thompson (1917). The hypercycle involves the problem in biochemistry of molecules combining in a self-reacting group that is able to stay together, posited by Eigen and Schuster as the foundation for the emergence of multi-cellular organisms. Thompson saw morphogenesis as a central part of the development of an organism as cell differentiation led to new organs appearing as it develops and grows. Alan Turing (1952) would study the chemistry and mathematics involved in such a process, which would also be studied mathematically by René Thom (1972) in his formulation of catastrophe theory. |
Heligimbal | The Cineflex Heligimbal is a form of gimbal technology consisting of a motion-stabilized helicopter mount for motion picture cameras.
The technology, originally developed by the military, provides a high degree of motion stabilization and telephoto capabilities to achieve high-quality aerial shots despite the vibration inherent in helicopter flights which makes capturing high-definition video otherwise impossible. The gyro-stabilized system works with the operator using a joystick from within the helicopter to control the camera movements.
The BBC introduced the general public to this technology in the production of the first episode of its 2006 television series Planet Earth: "An innovative heli-gimbal (sic) stabilizing device supporting a tiny high definition camera on a helicopter delivers extensive rock-steady aerial footage of animals in remote landscapes, and allows for cutting and zooming between close-ups and extreme longshots". |
Gravitation (book) | Gravitation is a widely adopted textbook on Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, written by Charles W. Misner, Kip S. Thorne, and John Archibald Wheeler. It was originally published by W. H. Freeman and Company in 1973 and reprinted by Princeton University Press in 2017. It is frequently abbreviated MTW (for its authors' last names). The cover illustration, drawn by Kenneth Gwin, is a line drawing of an apple with cuts in the skin to show the geodesics on its surface. The book contains 10 parts and 44 chapters, each beginning with a quotation. The bibliography has a long list of original sources and other notable books in the field. While this may not be considered the best introductory text because its coverage may overwhelm a newcomer, and even though parts of it are now out of date, it remains a highly valued reference for advanced graduate students and researchers. |
Alpha-N-acetylneuraminate alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase | In enzymology, an alpha-N-acetylneuraminate alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (EC 2.4.99.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-R ⇌ CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,8-alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D- galactosyl-RThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are CMP-N-acetylneuraminate and alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-galactosyl-R, whereas its 3 products are CMP, alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,8-alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-2,3-beta-D-, and galactosyl-R. This enzyme participates in 4 metabolic pathways: glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - neo-lactoseries, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - globoseries, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - ganglioseries, and glycan structures - biosynthesis 2. |
Pyloric stenosis | Pyloric stenosis is a narrowing of the opening from the stomach to the first part of the small intestine (the pylorus). Symptoms include projectile vomiting without the presence of bile. This most often occurs after the baby is fed. The typical age that symptoms become obvious is two to twelve weeks old.The cause of pyloric stenosis is unclear. Risk factors in babies include birth by cesarean section, preterm birth, bottle feeding, and being first born. The diagnosis may be made by feeling an olive-shaped mass in the baby's abdomen. This is often confirmed with ultrasound.Treatment initially begins by correcting dehydration and electrolyte problems. This is then typically followed by surgery, although some treat the condition without surgery by using atropine. Results are generally good both in the short term and in the long term.About one to two per 1,000 babies are affected, and males are affected about four times more often than females. The condition is very rare in adults. The first description of pyloric stenosis was in 1888 with surgery management first carried out in 1912 by Conrad Ramstedt. Before surgical treatment most babies died. |
Battery (baseball) | In baseball, the battery is the pitcher and the catcher, who may also be called batterymen, or batterymates in relation to one another. |
Carbon subsulfide | Carbon subsulfide is an organic, sulfur-containing chemical compound with the formula C3S2 and structure S=C=C=C=S. This deep red liquid is immiscible with water but soluble in organic solvents. It readily polymerizes at room temperature to form a hard black solid. |
2-Methoxybenzaldehyde | 2-Methoxybenzaldehyde is an organic compound with the formula CH3OC6H4CHO. It is also commonly referred to as o-anisaldehyde. As a methylated version of salicylaldehyde, the molecule consists of a benzene ring with adjacent formyl and a methoxy groups. It is a colorless solid with a pleasant aroma. The related isomer 4-anisaldehyde is better known, being a commercial flavorant. 2-Anisaldehyde is prepared commercially by formylation of anisole. |
Cyprenorphine | Cyprenorphine (M285), N-cyclo-propylmethyl-6,14-endoetheno-7α-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-6,7,8,14-tetrahydronororipavine, is an opioid drug. It is related to more well-known opioids such as buprenorphine, which is used as an analgesic and for the treatment of opioid addiction, and diprenorphine, which is used as an antidote to reverse the effects of other opioids. It is roughly 35 times as strong as nalorphine.Cyprenorphine is a powerful antagonist of opioid receptors and a highly potent specific antagonist. It blocks the binding of morphine and etorphine to these receptors.Cyprenorphine has mixed agonist–antagonist effects at opioid receptors, like those of buprenorphine. However the effects of cyprenorphine are somewhat different, as it produces pronounced dysphoric and hallucinogenic effects which limit its potential use as an analgesic.Cyprenorphine also has been shown to suppress the intake of sweet solution but doesn't suppress the increase in food consumption that is produced by the alpha-2-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan. Idazoxan may lead to the release of endogenous opioid peptides and increase food intake, this effect is attenuated by (-)-naloxone but not by the mu/delta-antagonist cyprenorphine. |
Wind advisory | A wind advisory is generally issued by the National Weather Service of the United States when there are sustained thunderstorm winds of 31–39 miles per hour (50–63 km/h) and/or gusts of 46–57 miles per hour (74–92 km/h) over land. Winds over the said cap will trigger high wind alerts rather than a wind advisory. The advisory is site specific, but winds of this magnitude occurring over an area that frequently experiences such wind speeds on a basis will not trigger a wind advisory. A slightly lower wind speed in areas around lakes may trigger a Lake wind advisory instead. |
2010 AU118 | 2010 AU118 (also written 2010 AU118) is a potential Amor near-Earth asteroid with an observation arc of only 1.4 days and thus a poorly determined orbit. It was announced on 27 May 2010 based on images taken by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) on 13–15 January 2010. It was removed from the Sentry Risk Table on 14 June 2014 as a result of an update to the Sentry software. Another software update restored it to the Sentry Risk Table in 2017. It was again removed from the sentry list on 3 October 2018. |
Geometric abstraction | Geometric abstraction is a form of abstract art based on the use of geometric forms sometimes, though not always, placed in non-illusionistic space and combined into non-objective (non-representational) compositions. Although the genre was popularized by avant-garde artists in the early twentieth century, similar motifs have been used in art since ancient times. |
Intermezzo | In music, an intermezzo (, Italian pronunciation: [interˈmɛddzo], plural form: intermezzi), in the most general sense, is a composition which fits between other musical or dramatic entities, such as acts of a play or movements of a larger musical work. In music history, the term has had several different usages, which fit into two general categories: the opera intermezzo and the instrumental intermezzo. |
Toxic cough syrup | Since the 1990s, several mass poisonings from toxic cough syrup have occurred in developing countries. In these cases, an ingredient in cough syrup, glycerine (glycerol), was replaced with diethylene glycol, a cheaper alternative to glycerine for industrial applications. Diethylene glycol is nephrotoxic and can result in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), especially in children. |
Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator | The Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator (MSDTC) service is a component of Microsoft Windows that is responsible for coordinating transactions that span multiple resource managers, such as databases, message queues, and file systems. MSDTC is included in Windows 2000 and later operating systems, and is also available for Windows NT 4.0.
MSDTC performs the transaction coordination role for components, usually with COM and .NET architectures. In MSDTC terminology, the director is called the transaction manager.
By default, the Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator (MSDTC) service is installed with Windows 2000. It cannot be uninstalled through Add/Remove Programs. |
Chandrashekhar S. Jog | Chandrashekhar S. Jog is a professor in the department of mechanical engineering at Indian Institute of Science. He works in the areas of Solid mechanics, Continuum mechanics, and Finite element methods. He has authored books on Continuum mechanics, and Fluid mechanics. |
Human–animal communication | Human–animal communication is the communication observed between humans and other animals, ranging from non-verbal cues and vocalizations to the use of language. |
Fiddlehead | Fiddleheads or fiddlehead greens are the furled fronds of a young fern, harvested for use as a vegetable. |
Nonlinear optics | Nonlinear optics (NLO) is the branch of optics that describes the behaviour of light in nonlinear media, that is, media in which the polarization density P responds non-linearly to the electric field E of the light. The non-linearity is typically observed only at very high light intensities (when the electric field of the light is >108 V/m and thus comparable to the atomic electric field of ~1011 V/m) such as those provided by lasers. Above the Schwinger limit, the vacuum itself is expected to become nonlinear. In nonlinear optics, the superposition principle no longer holds. |
Tulle gras | Tulle gras (French, "oily tulle") or tulle gras dressing is a type of bandage commonly used in France, although the term is also used in English. It consists of fabric impregnated with soft paraffin oil (98 parts), balsam of Peru (1 part), and olive oil (1 part), which prevents its sticking to wounds, but means that it needs to be used in combination with another absorbent dressing. |
Zero element | In mathematics, a zero element is one of several generalizations of the number zero to other algebraic structures. These alternate meanings may or may not reduce to the same thing, depending on the context. |
CGNS | CGNS stands for CFD General Notation System. It is a general, portable, and extensible standard for the storage and retrieval of CFD analysis data. It consists of a collection of conventions, and free and open software implementing those conventions. It is self-descriptive, cross-platform also termed platform or machine independent, documented, and administered by an international steering committee. It is also an American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) recommended practice. The CGNS project originated in 1994 as a joint effort between Boeing and NASA, and has since grown to include many other contributing organizations worldwide. In 1999, control of CGNS was completely transferred to a public forum known as the CGNS Steering Committee. This Committee is made up of international representatives from government and private industry. |
Back-rank checkmate | In chess, a back-rank checkmate (also known as a corridor mate) is a checkmate delivered by a rook or queen along the opponent's back rank (that is, the row closest to them) in which the mated king is unable to move up the board because the king is blocked by friendly pieces (usually pawns) on the second rank. |
Nomenclature | Nomenclature (UK: , US: ) is a system of names or terms, or the rules for forming these terms in a particular field of arts or sciences. The principles of naming vary from the relatively informal conventions of everyday speech to the internationally agreed principles, rules and recommendations that govern the formation and use of the specialist terminology used in scientific and any other disciplines.Naming "things" is a part of general human communication using words and language: it is an aspect of everyday taxonomy as people distinguish the objects of their experience, together with their similarities and differences, which observers identify, name and classify. The use of names, as the many different kinds of nouns embedded in different languages, connects nomenclature to theoretical linguistics, while the way humans mentally structure the world in relation to word meanings and experience relates to the philosophy of language. |
Wave propagation | In physics, mathematics, engineering, and related fields, a wave is a propagating dynamic disturbance (change from equilibrium) of one or more quantities. Waves can be periodic, in which case those quantities oscillate repeatedly about an equilibrium (resting) value at some frequency. When the entire waveform moves in one direction, it is said to be a traveling wave; by contrast, a pair of superimposed periodic waves traveling in opposite directions makes a standing wave. In a standing wave, the amplitude of vibration has nulls at some positions where the wave amplitude appears smaller or even zero. Waves are often described by a wave equation (standing wave field of two opposite waves) or a one-way wave equation for single wave propagation in a defined direction. Two types of waves are most commonly studied in classical physics. In a mechanical wave, stress and strain fields oscillate about a mechanical equilibrium. A mechanical wave is a local deformation (strain) in some physical medium that propagates from particle to particle by creating local stresses that cause strain in neighboring particles too. For example, sound waves are variations of the local pressure and particle motion that propagate through the medium. Other examples of mechanical waves are seismic waves, gravity waves, surface waves and string vibrations. In an electromagnetic wave (such as light), coupling between the electric and magnetic fields sustains propagation of waves involving these fields according to Maxwell's equations. Electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum and through some dielectric media (at wavelengths where they are considered transparent). Electromagnetic waves, according to their frequencies (or wavelengths) have more specific designations including radio waves, infrared radiation, terahertz waves, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays. |
Smart Keyboard | Apple Inc. has designed and developed many external keyboard models for use with families of Apple computers, such as the Apple II, Mac, and iPad. The Magic Keyboard and Magic Keyboard with Numeric Keypad designed to be used via either Bluetooth and USB connectivity, and have integrated rechargeable batteries; The Smart Keyboard and Magic Keyboard accessories for iPads are designed to be directly attached to and powered by a host iPad. All current Apple keyboards utilize low-profile key designs, and common modifier keys. |
Weighted-average life | In finance, the weighted-average life (WAL) of an amortizing loan or amortizing bond, also called average life, is the weighted average of the times of the principal repayments: it's the average time until a dollar of principal is repaid. |
Education for Chemical Engineers | Education for Chemical Engineers is a peer-reviewed academic journal published quarterly by Elsevier on behalf of the Institution of Chemical Engineers. The journal's scope covers all aspects of chemical engineering education. The journal was established in 2006 and publishes educational research papers, teaching and learning notes, and resource reviews. It is an official Journal of the European Federation of Chemical Engineering. |
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