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DOGMA | DOGMA, short for Developing Ontology-Grounded Methods and Applications, is the name of research project in progress at Vrije Universiteit Brussel's STARLab, Semantics Technology and Applications Research Laboratory. It is an internally funded project, concerned with the more general aspects of extracting, storing, representing and browsing information. |
Dehydrogenation | In chemistry, dehydrogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the removal of hydrogen, usually from an organic molecule. It is the reverse of hydrogenation. Dehydrogenation is important, both as a useful reaction and a serious problem. At its simplest, it is useful way of converting alkanes, which are relatively inert and thus low-valued, to olefins, which are reactive and thus more valuable. Alkenes are precursors to aldehydes (R−CH=O), alcohols (R−OH), polymers, and aromatics. As a problematic reaction, the fouling and inactivation of many catalysts arises via coking, which is the dehydrogenative polymerization of organic substrates.Enzymes that catalyze dehydrogenation are called dehydrogenases. |
Genital papilla | The genital papilla is an anatomical feature of the external genitalia of some animals. |
Replacement product | In graph theory, the replacement product of two graphs is a graph product that can be used to reduce the degree of a graph while maintaining its connectivity.Suppose G is a d-regular graph and H is an e-regular graph with vertex set {0, …, d – 1}. Let R denote the replacement product of G and H. The vertex set of R is the Cartesian product V(G) × V(H). For each vertex u in V(G) and for each edge (i, j) in E(H), the vertex (u, i) is adjacent to (u, j) in R. Furthermore, for each edge (u, v) in E(G), if v is the ith neighbor of u and u is the jth neighbor of v, the vertex (u, i) is adjacent to (v, j) in R. |
Neutralino | In supersymmetry, the neutralino: 71–74 is a hypothetical particle. In the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), a popular model of realization of supersymmetry at a low energy, there are four neutralinos that are fermions and are electrically neutral, the lightest of which is stable in an R-parity conserved scenario of MSSM. They are typically labeled N͂01 (the lightest), N͂02, N͂03 and N͂04 (the heaviest) although sometimes χ~10,…,χ~40 is also used when χ~i± is used to refer to charginos. |
Interoceptive exposure | Interoceptive exposure is a cognitive behavioral therapy technique used in the treatment of panic disorder. It refers to carrying out exercises that bring about the physical sensations of a panic attack, such as hyperventilation and high muscle tension, and in the process removing the patient's conditioned response that the physical sensations will cause an attack to happen. |
Kenko (company) | Kenko Co., Ltd. (株式会社ケンコー, Kabushiki-gaisha Kenkō) is a Japanese manufacturer and trading company of photographic accessories, especially known for its teleconverters and filters. Located in Tokyo, it has been producing conversion lenses since the 1960s. It produces camera lenses under the Kenko and Tokina brand names. It also manufactures a beginner's 35 mm SLR camera (using the Nikon F-mount) under the Kenko name. On June 22, 2011, Tokina announces its merger with Kenko. |
Elements CRM iOS | Elements CRM iOS is a Mac Customer Relationship Management (Mac CRM) solution built by Ntractive for Apple business using Apple devices. Offered as a Cloud computing subscription-based service, Elements CRM iOS is a universal mobile app for the iPhone and iPad. Elements CRM iOS is an add-on to the Elements CRM desktop app. The iPad CRM version of Elements CRM iOS looks, works and feels like the desktop app. The iPhone CRM app is a limited version of the most important functions of the desktop app. |
Type Allocation Code | The Type Allocation Code (TAC) is the initial eight-digit portion of the 15-digit IMEI and 16-digit IMEISV codes used to uniquely identify wireless devices.
The Type Allocation Code identifies a particular model (and often revision) of wireless telephone for use on a GSM, UMTS or other IMEI-employing wireless network.
The first two digits of the TAC are the Reporting Body Identifier. This indicates the GSMA-approved group that allocated the TAC.
Prior to January 1, 2003, the global standard for the IMEI started with a six-digit Type Approval Code followed by a two-digit Final Assembly Code (FAC).
The Type Approval Code (also known as TAC) indicated that the particular device was approved by a national GSM approval body and the FAC identified the company that had built and assembled the device (which is not always the same as the brand name stamped on the device). |
Hjelmslev transformation | In mathematics, the Hjelmslev transformation is an effective method for mapping an entire hyperbolic plane into a circle with a finite radius. The transformation was invented by Danish mathematician Johannes Hjelmslev. It utilizes Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky's 23rd theorem from his work Geometrical Investigations on the Theory of Parallels. |
RGS18 | Regulator of G-protein signaling 18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RGS18 gene. |
Nano- | Nano (symbol n) is a unit prefix meaning one billionth. Used primarily with the metric system, this prefix denotes a factor of 10−9 or 0.000000001. It is frequently encountered in science and electronics for prefixing units of time and length.
Examples Three gold atoms lined up are about one nanometer (nm) long.
If a toy marble were scaled down to one nanometer wide, Earth would scale to about 1 meter (3.3 ft) wide.
One nanosecond (ns) is about the time required for light to travel 30 cm in air, or 20 cm in an optical fiber.
One nanometer per second (nm/s) is approximately the speed that a fingernail grows.The prefix derives from the Greek νᾶνος (Latin nanus), meaning "dwarf". The General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) officially endorsed the usage of nano as a standard prefix in 1960.
When used as a prefix for something other than a unit of measure (as for example in words like "nanoscience"), nano refers to nanotechnology, or means "on a scale of nanometres" (nanoscale). |
Hold-And-Modify | Hold-And-Modify, usually abbreviated as HAM, is a display mode of the Commodore Amiga computer. It uses a highly unusual technique to express the color of pixels, allowing many more colors to appear on screen than would otherwise be possible. HAM mode was commonly used to display digitized photographs or video frames, bitmap art and occasionally animation. At the time of the Amiga's launch in 1985, this near-photorealistic display was unprecedented for a home computer and it was widely used to demonstrate the Amiga's graphical capability. However, HAM has significant technical limitations which prevent it from being used as a general purpose display mode. |
Spotter Network | The Spotter Network (SN) is a system that utilizes storm spotter and chaser reports of location and severe weather in a centralized framework for use by coordinators such as emergency managers, Skywarn and related spotter organizations, and the National Weather Service. It uses GPS to provide accurate and automated position data of storm spotters and chasers for coordination and reporting, which in turn provides ground truth to public servants engaged in the protection of life and property. The network is a combination of locally installed software for position and status reporting and web-based processing, mapping, and reporting. |
Objective-C | Objective-C is a high-level general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that adds Smalltalk-style messaging to the C programming language. Originally developed by Brad Cox and Tom Love in the early 1980s, it was selected by NeXT for its NeXTSTEP operating system. Due to Apple macOS’s direct lineage from NeXTSTEP, Objective-C was the standard programming language used, supported, and promoted by Apple for developing macOS and iOS applications (via their respective APIs, Cocoa and Cocoa Touch) until the introduction of the Swift programming language in 2014.Objective-C programs developed for non-Apple operating systems or that are not dependent on Apple's APIs may also be compiled for any platform supported by GNU GCC or LLVM/Clang. |
Mapping Asia | Mapping Asia was an art exhibition presented in the Asia Art Archive library in Hong Kong from May 12 to August 29, 2014. A physical unfolding of the Mapping Asia book, the exhibition manifested itself in space through artworks, objects, documentation, and videos and material from AAA's collection, considering one of the most frequently posed questions at Asia Art Archive: how is “Asia” defined? |
TLN2 | Talin 2 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the TLN2 gene. It belongs to the talin protein family. This gene encodes a protein related to talin 1, a cytoskeletal protein that plays a significant role in the assembly of actin filaments. Talin-2 is expressed at high levels in cardiac muscle and functions to provide linkages between the extracellular matrix and actin cytoskeleton at costamere structures to transduce force laterally. |
Imagin (studio) | Imagin Co., Ltd (イマジン株式会社, Imajin kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese anime studio located in Nerima, Tokyo, Japan. The company was established on June 15, 1992, by Akio Sakai, the current president, who had previously worked for Mushi Production, and Madhouse. The studio left the main television animation industry in 2011, but continues to produce animated works under its subsidiary A1C, which consists of several sub-labels, almost all of which are adult animation brands. Biscotti, ChuChu, Collaboration Works, Dark Shelf, Grand Cru, Grand Cru Borugeois, Grand Cru Noir, Majin, Nikihime no Dozeu, Nur, PoRO, Prime Time, Shelf, An DerCen and Suzuki Mirano are all labels owned by A1C and Imagin. Imagin's CEO, Akio Sakai, serves as the CEO of A1C, as well. In 1999, the studio also established Korean animation studio ANIK as a subsidiary company. |
Ring spectrum | In stable homotopy theory, a ring spectrum is a spectrum E together with a multiplication map μ: E ∧ E → Eand a unit map η: S → E,where S is the sphere spectrum. These maps have to satisfy associativity and unitality conditions up to homotopy, much in the same way as the multiplication of a ring is associative and unital. That is, μ (id ∧ μ) ∼ μ (μ ∧ id)and μ (id ∧ η) ∼ id ∼ μ(η ∧ id).Examples of ring spectra include singular homology with coefficients in a ring, complex cobordism, K-theory, and Morava K-theory. |
Solved game | A solved game is a game whose outcome (win, lose or draw) can be correctly predicted from any position, assuming that both players play perfectly.
This concept is usually applied to abstract strategy games, and especially to games with full information and no element of chance; solving such a game may use combinatorial game theory and/or computer assistance. |
National Ocean Sciences Bowl | The National Ocean Sciences Bowl (NOSB) is a national high-school science competition managed by the Consortium for Ocean Leadership. It follows a quiz-bowl format, with lockout buzzers and extended team challenge questions to test students on their knowledge of oceanography. Questions cover the fields of biology, chemistry, geology, geography, social science, technology, and physics. The purpose of the event is to increase knowledge of the ocean among high school students and, ultimately, magnify public understanding of ocean research. The annual competition was first held in 1998, the International Year of the Ocean. Twenty-five U.S. regions compete in the NOSB, each with its own regional competitions. The regional competitions are coordinated by Regional Coordinators, who are typically affiliated with a university in their region. Each year, approximately 2,000 students from 300 schools across the nation compete for prizes and a trip to the national competition. Students who participate are eligible to apply for the National Ocean Scholar Program.The NOSB is a creation of oceanographer Rick Spinrad. |
Streptomyces-metKH RNA motif | A Streptomyces-metKH RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered by bioinformatics. |
Round-trip delay | In telecommunications, round-trip delay (RTD) or round-trip time (RTT) is the amount of time it takes for a signal to be sent plus the amount of time it takes for acknowledgement of that signal having been received. This time delay includes propagation times for the paths between the two communication endpoints. In the context of computer networks, the signal is typically a data packet. RTT is also known as ping time, and can be determined with the ping command. |
Prostatic urethra | The prostatic urethra, the widest and most dilatable part of the urethra canal, is about 3 cm long.
It runs almost vertically through the prostate from its base to its apex, lying nearer its anterior than its posterior surface; the form of the canal is spindle-shaped, being wider in the middle than at either extremity, and narrowest below, where it joins the membranous portion.
A transverse section of the canal as it lies in the prostate is horse-shoe-shaped, with the convexity directed forward.
The keyhole sign, in ultrasound, is associated with a dilated bladder and prostatic urethra. |
Arsenite methyltransferase | Arsenite methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.137, S-adenosyl-L-methionine:arsenic(III) methyltransferase, S-adenosyl-L-methionine:methylarsonite As-methyltransferase, methylarsonite methyltransferase) is an enzyme with systematic name S-adenosyl-L-methionine:arsenite As-methyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction (1) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + arsenite ⇌ S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methylarsonate (2) S-adenosyl-L-methionine + methylarsonite ⇌ S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dimethylarsinateAn enzyme of the biotransformation pathway that forms dimethylarsinate from inorganic arsenite and arsenate. |
Nucleic Acids Research | Nucleic Acids Research is an open-access peer-reviewed scientific journal published since 1974 by the Oxford University Press. The journal covers research on nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, and related work. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal's 2021 impact factor is 19.160. The journal publishes two yearly special issues, the first issue of each year is dedicated to biological databases, published in January since 1993, and the other is devoted to papers describing web-based software resources of value to the biological community (web servers), published in July since 2003. |
Glossary of differential geometry and topology | This is a glossary of terms specific to differential geometry and differential topology. The following three glossaries are closely related: Glossary of general topology Glossary of algebraic topology Glossary of Riemannian and metric geometry.See also: List of differential geometry topicsWords in italics denote a self-reference to this glossary. |
Thought broadcasting | In psychiatry, thought broadcasting is the belief that others can hear or are aware of an individual's thoughts. The person experiencing this symptom can also think that their thoughts are being broadcast through different media, such as the television or the radio. Different people can experience thought broadcasting in different ways. Thought broadcasting is most commonly found among people that have schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder. People with thought broadcasting rarely admit to having this symptom or to the severity of the symptom. Thought broadcasting is treated with the use of an atypical antipsychotic and in certain cases cognitive behavioral therapy. |
Circular error probable | In the military science of ballistics, circular error probable (CEP) (also circular error probability or circle of equal probability) is a measure of a weapon system's precision. It is defined as the radius of a circle, centered on the mean, whose perimeter is expected to include the landing points of 50% of the rounds; said otherwise, it is the median error radius. That is, if a given munitions design has a CEP of 100 m, when 100 munitions are targeted at the same point, 50 will fall within a circle with a radius of 100 m around their average impact point. (The distance between the target point and the average impact point is referred to as bias.) There are associated concepts, such as the DRMS (distance root mean square), which is the square root of the average squared distance error, and R95, which is the radius of the circle where 95% of the values would fall in. |
Ovulatory shift hypothesis | The ovulatory shift hypothesis holds that women experience evolutionarily adaptive changes in subconscious thoughts and behaviors related to mating during different parts of the ovulatory cycle. It suggests that what women want, in terms of men, changes throughout the menstrual cycle. Two meta-analyses published in 2014 reached opposing conclusions on whether the existing evidence was robust enough to support the prediction that women's mate preferences change across the cycle. A newer 2018 review does not show women changing the type of men they desire at different times in their fertility cycle. |
Greaseproof paper | Greaseproof paper is paper that is impermeable to oil or grease, and is normally used in cooking or food packaging. It is usually produced by refining the paper stock and thus creating a sheet with very low porosity. This is then passed between hard pressure rollers (supercalendered) to further increase the density, creating a paper called glassine. The glassine is treated with starches, alginates or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a size press to fill pores or treat the paper chemically to make it fat repellent. Basis weights are usually 30–50 g/m2. |
JumpStart SpyMasters: Unmask the Prankster | JumpStart SpyMasters: Unmask the Prankster is a personal computer game made by Knowledge Adventure where the user must stop the Prankster. As in other JumpStart games, one has to solve educational problems to complete the game. |
Metal L-edge | Metal L-edge spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique used to study the electronic structures of transition metal atoms and complexes. This method measures X-ray absorption caused by the excitation of a metal 2p electron to unfilled d orbitals (e.g. 3d for first-row transition metals), which creates a characteristic absorption peak called the L-edge. Similar features can also be studied by Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy. According to the selection rules, the transition is formally electric-dipole allowed, which not only makes it more intense than an electric-dipole forbidden metal K pre-edge (1s → 3d) transition, but also makes it more feature-rich as the lower required energy (~400-1000 eV from scandium to copper) results in a higher-resolution experiment.In the simplest case, that of a cupric (CuII) complex, the 2p → 3d transition produces a 2p53d10 final state. The 2p5 core hole created in the transition has an orbital angular momentum L=1 which then couples to the spin angular momentum S=1/2 to produce J=3/2 and J=1/2 final states. These states are directly observable in the L-edge spectrum as the two main peaks (Figure 1). The peak at lower energy (~930 eV) has the greatest intensity and is called the L3-edge, while the peak at higher energy (~950 eV) has less intensity and is called the L2-edge. |
Cadmium-free quantum dot | Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanoparticles with a size less than 10 nm. They exhibited size-dependent properties especially in the optical absorption and the photoluminescence (PL). Typically, the fluorescence emission peak of the QDs can be tuned by changing their diameters. So far, QDs were consisted of different group elements such as CdTe, CdSe, CdS in the II-VI category, InP or InAs in the III-V category, CuInS2 or AgInS2 in the I–III–VI2 category, and PbSe/PbS in the IV-VI category. These QDs are promising candidates as fluorescent labels in various biological applications such as bioimaging, biosensing and drug delivery. |
Median | In statistics and probability theory, the median is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution. For a data set, it may be thought of as "the middle" value. The basic feature of the median in describing data compared to the mean (often simply described as the "average") is that it is not skewed by a small proportion of extremely large or small values, and therefore provides a better representation of the center. Median income, for example, may be a better way to describe center of the income distribution because increases in the largest incomes alone have no effect on median. For this reason, the median is of central importance in robust statistics. |
Riccardo Lanari | Riccardo Lanari is an electrical engineer at Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) in Naples, Italy. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2013 for his contributions to synthetic aperture radar processing. |
SpyEye | SpyEye is a malware program that attacks users running Google Chrome, Opera, Firefox and Internet Explorer on Microsoft Windows operating systems. This malware uses keystroke logging and form grabbing to steal user credentials for malicious use. SpyEye allows hackers to steal money from online bank accounts and initiate transactions even while valid users are logged into their bank account and create bad limitSpyEye has the ability to insert new fields and alter existing fields when a compromised user's browser displays a web page, allowing it to prompt for user names, passwords, or card numbers, thereby giving hackers information that allows them to steal money without account holders ever noticing. It can save the user's false balance (with fraudulent transactions hidden) so that the next time the user logs in, the fraudulent transactions and real balance are not displayed in the user's browser (though the bank still sees the fraudulent transactions.)SpyEye emanated from Russia in 2009 and was sold in underground forums for $500+ in which SpyEye advertised features such as keyloggers, auto-fill credit card modules, email backups, config files (encrypted), Zeus killer, HTTP access, POP3 grabbers and FTP grabbers.Target users and institutions in the United States, United Kingdom, Mexico, Canada and India were the largest victims of SpyEye; the United States made up 97% of the institutions that fell victim of this malware. |
LRRC8D | Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 8D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRRC8D gene. Researchers have found out that this protein, along with the other LRRC8 proteins LRRC8A, LRRC8B, LRRC8C, and LRRC8E, is a subunit of the heteromer protein Volume-Regulated Anion Channel. Volume-Regulated Anion Channels (VRACs) are crucial to the regulation of cell size by transporting chloride ions and various organic osmolytes, such as taurine or glutamate, across the plasma membrane, and that is not the only function these channels have been linked to. |
Précoce | Précoce is a French term meaning precocial but which when used in viticulture is a term for "early ripening". This term is used in the names (or synonyms) of a number of more-or-less early ripening grape varieties.
Grape varieties with "Précoce" as part of their name include: Malingre Précoce Muscat Précoce de Saumur Pinot Noir Précoce |
Arbekacin | Arbekacin (INN) is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic which was derived from kanamycin. It is primarily used for the treatment of infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Arbekacin was originally synthesized from dibekacin in 1973 by Hamao Umezawa and collaborators. It has been registered and marketed in Japan since 1990 under the trade name Habekacin. Arbekacin is no longer covered by patent and generic versions of the drug are also available under such trade names as Decontasin and Blubatosine. |
Iroquois homeobox factor | Iroquois homeobox factors are a family of homeodomain transcription factors that play a role in many developmental processes. The loci were named for the flies carrying mutations in one of these genes, which are devoid of all bristles in the lateral part of the notum, leaving only a median stripe of bristles, similar to the Iroquois tribes which shaved all but a medial stripe of hairs on the head.Human genes that encode Iroquois homeobox factors include: IrxA sub-group: IRX1, IRX2, IRX4 IrxB sub-group: IRX3, IRX5, IRX6 Iroquois-like gene: MKX |
GDF1 | Growth differentiation factor 1 (GDF1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GDF1 gene.GDF1 belongs to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily that has a role in left-right patterning and mesoderm induction during embryonic development. It is found in the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves of embryos. |
Glycine N-methyltransferase | In enzymology, a glycine N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.20) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction S-adenosyl-L-methionine + glycine ⇌ S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + sarcosineThus, the substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and glycine, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and sarcosine.
Glycine N-methyltransferase belongs to the family of methyltransferase enzymes. The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine N-methyltransferase. Other names in common use include glycine methyltransferase, S-adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine methyltransferase, and GNMT. This family of enzymes participates in the metabolism of multiple amino acids. |
Herkinorin | Herkinorin is an opioid analgesic that is an analogue of the natural product salvinorin A. It was discovered in 2005 during structure-activity relationship studies into neoclerodane diterpenes, the family of chemical compounds of which salvinorin A is a member.Unlike salvinorin A, which is a selective κ-opioid receptor agonist with no significant μ-opioid receptor affinity, herkinorin is predominantly a μ-opioid receptor agonist. Compared to salvinorin A, herkinorin has 47× lower affinity for κ-opioid receptors (Ki ＝ 90 nM vs Ki ＝ 1.9 nM), and at least 25× higher affinity for μ-opioid receptors (Ki ＝ 12 nM vs Ki > 1000 nM), where it acts as a full agonist (IC50 ＝ 0.5 μM, Emax ＝ 130% vs DAMGO). Herkinorin is a semi-synthetic compound, made from salvinorin B, which is most conveniently made from salvinorin A by deacetylation, since, while both salvinorin A and salvinorin B are found in the plant Salvia divinorum, salvinorin A is present in larger quantities.A study in primates showed it to act peripherally as both a μ- and κ-opioid receptor agonist with a fast onset of action. The study did not find any evidence of central activity in primates and questions whether herkinorin's effects are due entirely to peripheral binding. Unlike most μ-opioid receptor agonists, herkinorin does not promote the recruitment of β-arrestin 2 to the intracellular domain of the μ-opioid receptor, or induce receptor internalization. This means that herkinorin may not produce tolerance and dependence in the same way as other opioids, although some development of tolerance through other mechanisms has been observed, and some other analogues related to herkinorin can recruit β-arrestins. |
UDF 423 | UDF 423 is the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (UDF) identifier for a distant spiral galaxy. With an apparent magnitude of 20, UDF 423 is one of the brightest galaxies in the HUDF and also has one of the largest apparent sizes in the HUDF. |
Pub crawl | A pub crawl (sometimes called a bar tour, bar crawl or bar-hopping) is the act of visiting multiple pubs or bars in a single session. |
Solidscape | Solidscape, Inc. is a company that designs, develops and manufactures 3D printers for rapid prototyping and rapid manufacturing, able to print solid models created in CAD. |
Peter J. Webster | Peter John Webster is a meteorologist and climate dynamicist relating to the dynamics of large-scale coupled ocean-atmosphere systems of the tropics, notably the Asian monsoon. Webster holds degrees in applied physics, mathematics and meteorology. Webster studies the basic dynamics of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system in the tropics and has applied this basic knowledge to developing warning systems for extreme weather events in Asia. He has served on a number of prestigious national and international committees including the World Climate Research Program's Joint Scientific Committee (1983-1987), chaired the international Tropical Ocean Global Atmospheric (TOGA) organizing committee (1988–94) and was co-organizer of the multinational TOGA Couple Ocean-Atmosphere (1993). He is Emeritus Professor in Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at Georgia Institute of Technology and co-founder and Chief Scientist of Climate Forecast Applications Network LLC, a weather and climate services company. |
Arcade video game | An arcade video game takes player input from its controls, processes it through electrical or computerized components, and displays output to an electronic monitor or similar display. All arcade video games are coin-operated or accept other means of payment, housed in an arcade cabinet, and located in amusement arcades alongside other kinds of arcade games. Until the early 2000s, arcade video games were the largest and most technologically advanced segment of the video game industry. |
Huangguanyin | Huang Guanyin tea (simplified Chinese: 黄观音茶; traditional Chinese: 黄觀音茶; pinyin: Huáng Guānyīn chá; pronounced [kwán.ín ʈʂʰǎ]) is a Wuyi oolong with a creamy taste. It can be either tightly rolled like Anxi Oolongs or in strips like conventional Wuyi Oolong.
In China, Guanyin leaves are harvested fresh and green, then soaked, beaten, milled, and the sieved puree set up to make GuanYin LiangFen grass jelly. |
Ascending lumbar vein | The ascending lumbar vein is a vein that runs up through the lumbar region on the side of the vertebral column. |
OR10A4 | Olfactory receptor 10A4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR10A4 gene.Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. |
Miller Lite Comedy Search | The Miller Lite Comedy Search Contest was a nationally known contest which identified up-and-coming comedians in the Chicago metropolitan area as well as nationwide.Even though the contest was not limited to African-American contestants, the vast majority of those who competed were African-American. Miller Brewing Company usually collaborated with Chicago radio station WGCI-FM to host the event at various venues. Redd Foxx was the host of the event the first year, and later comedians such as Damon Wayans, Eddie Griffin, Mo'Nique and Steve Harvey acted as hosts. |
Energy–maneuverability theory | Energy–maneuverability theory is a model of aircraft performance. It was developed by Col. John Boyd, a fighter pilot, and Thomas P. Christie, a mathematician with the United States Air Force, and is useful in describing an aircraft's performance as the total of kinetic and potential energies or aircraft specific energy. It relates the thrust, weight, aerodynamic drag, wing area, and other flight characteristics of an aircraft into a quantitative model. This allows combat capabilities of various aircraft or prospective design trade-offs to be predicted and compared. |
C++ Report | C++ Report was a bi-monthly professional computer magazine published by SIGS Publications Group. It was edited by Robert Murray, Stanley B. Lippman, Douglas C. Schmidt, Brad Appleton, Robert Cecil Martin, and Herb Sutter and aimed to cover various issues related to C++ programming language. It was recognized as an important publication related to C++. |
Bromisoval | Bromisoval (INN), commonly known as bromovalerylurea, is a hypnotic and sedative of the bromoureide group discovered by Knoll in 1907 and patented in 1909. It is marketed over the counter in Asia under various trade names (such as Brovarin), usually in combination with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Chronic use of bromisoval has been associated with bromine poisoning.Bromisoval can be prepared by bromination of isovaleric acid by the Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction followed by reaction with urea. |
Head-up display | A head-up display, or heads-up display, also known as a HUD () or Head-up Guidance System (HGS), is any transparent display that presents data without requiring users to look away from their usual viewpoints. The origin of the name stems from a pilot being able to view information with the head positioned "up" and looking forward, instead of angled down looking at lower instruments. A HUD also has the advantage that the pilot's eyes do not need to refocus to view the outside after looking at the optically nearer instruments. |
2+2 road | A 2+2 road is a specific type of dual-carriageway that exists primarily in Ireland, Sweden, Estonia and Finland, consisting of two lanes in each direction separated by a steel cable barrier. |
Duodenitis | Duodenitis is inflammation of the duodenum. It may persist acutely or chronically. |
TV Everywhere | TV Everywhere (also known as authenticated streaming or authenticated video on-demand) refers to a type of subscription business model wherein access to streaming video content from a television channel requires users to "authenticate" themselves as current subscribers to the channel, via an account provided by their participating pay television provider, in order to access the content. |
Mirror support cell | In astronomy, a mirror support cell - more commonly mirror cell - is a component of a reflecting telescope that supports the mirror in place to hold optical alignment, allow collimation adjustment, and protect it from falling out. The common usage of the word denotes the cell that holds the primary mirror (M1), however technically it could also be used to denote the support assembly (usually called a spider or strut) for the secondary mirror (M2) or other mirrors. |
C Object Processor | The C Object Processor (COP) was a superset of the C programming language. It was used in the Vbase object-oriented database management system developed by Ontologic, Inc. The data model for Vbase was specified by a Type Definition Language (TDL). COP and TDL were influenced by CLU. By 1989, COP and TDL were replaced by C++ in Ontologic's second generation product, ONTOS. The company was also renamed ONTOS, Inc. |
F.R.I.D.A.Y. | F.R.I.D.A.Y. (Female Replacement Intelligent Digital Assistant Youth) is a fictional artificial intelligence appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, usually depicted as the personal assistant and ally of the superhero Iron Man (Tony Stark).
In the Marvel Cinematic Universe, F.R.I.D.A.Y. was voiced by Kerry Condon in the films Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016), Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and Avengers: Endgame (2019). |
Computer Vision Annotation Tool | Computer Vision Annotation Tool (CVAT) is a free, open source, web-based image and video annotation tool which is used for labeling data for computer vision algorithms. Originally developed by Intel, CVAT is designed for use by a professional data annotation team, with a user interface optimized for computer vision annotation tasks.CVAT supports the primary tasks of supervised machine learning: object detection, image classification, and image segmentation. CVAT allows users to annotate data for each of these cases.CVAT has many powerful features, including interpolation of shapes between key frames, semi-automatic annotation using deep learning models, shortcuts for most critical actions, a dashboard with a list of annotation projects and tasks, LDAP and basic access authentication, etc.CVAT is written mainly in TypeScript, React, Ant Design, CSS, Python, and Django. It is distributed under the MIT License, and its source code is available on GitHub. |
Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures | SPAA, the ACM Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures, is an academic conference in the fields of parallel computing and distributed computing. It is sponsored by the Association for Computing Machinery special interest groups SIGACT and SIGARCH, and it is organized in cooperation with the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science (EATCS). |
Inner ear regeneration | Inner ear regeneration is the biological process by which the hair cells and supporting cells (i.e. Hensen's cells and Deiters cells) of the ear proliferate (cell proliferation) and regrow after hair cell injury. This process depends on communication between supporting cells and the brain. Because of the volatility of the inner ear's hair cells, regeneration is crucial to the functioning of the inner ear. It is also a limited process, which contributes to the irreversibility of hearing loss in humans and other mammals. |
H4K12ac | H4K12ac is an epigenetic modification to the DNA packaging protein histone H4. It is a mark that indicates the acetylation at the 12th lysine residue of the histone H4 protein. H4K12ac is involved in learning and memory. It is possible that restoring this modification could reduce age-related decline in memory. |
Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry | The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering biochemical and molecular biological aspects of nutrition science. The journal was established in 1970 as Nutrition Reports International and obtained its current title in 1990, with volume numbering restarting at 1. It is published by Elsevier and the editor-in-chief is Bernhard Hennig (University of Kentucky). |
Shooting target | Shooting targets are objects in various forms and shapes that are used for pistol, rifle, shotgun and other shooting sports, as well as in darts, target archery, crossbow shooting and other non-firearm related sports. The center is often called the bullseye. Targets can for instance be made of paper, "self healing" rubber or steel. There are also electronic targets that electronically can provide the shooter with precise feedback of the shot placement. |
Daprodustat | Daprodustat, sold under the brand name Duvroq among others, is a medication that is used for the treatment of anemia due to chronic kidney disease. It is a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor. It is taken by mouth.The most common side effects include high blood pressure, thrombotic vascular events, abdominal pain, dizziness and allergic reactions. Daprodustat was approved for medical use in Japan in June 2020, and in the United States in February 2023. It is the first oral treatment for anemia caused by chronic kidney disease for adults. |
Zero-truncated Poisson distribution | In probability theory, the zero-truncated Poisson (ZTP) distribution is a certain discrete probability distribution whose support is the set of positive integers. This distribution is also known as the conditional Poisson distribution or the positive Poisson distribution. It is the conditional probability distribution of a Poisson-distributed random variable, given that the value of the random variable is not zero. Thus it is impossible for a ZTP random variable to be zero. Consider for example the random variable of the number of items in a shopper's basket at a supermarket checkout line. Presumably a shopper does not stand in line with nothing to buy (i.e., the minimum purchase is 1 item), so this phenomenon may follow a ZTP distribution.Since the ZTP is a truncated distribution with the truncation stipulated as k > 0, one can derive the probability mass function g(k;λ) from a standard Poisson distribution f(k;λ) as follows: g(k;λ)=P(X=k∣X>0)=f(k;λ)1−f(0;λ)=λke−λk!(1−e−λ)=λk(eλ−1)k! The mean is E[X]=λ1−e−λ=λeλeλ−1 and the variance is Var [X]=λ+λ21−e−λ−λ2(1−e−λ)2=E[X](1+λ−E[X]) |
Prince Albert (genital piercing) | The Prince Albert (PA) is a penis piercing which extends from the urethra to the underside of the glans. It is one of the most common male genital piercings. The related reverse Prince Albert piercing enters through the urethra and exits through a hole pierced in the top of the glans.
While some piercers may choose to avoid the nerve bundle that runs along the center of the frenulum altogether, others may choose otherwise. The piercing can be centred if the bearer is circumcised. Otherwise, the piercing must be done off-centre so that the surrounding skin can reposition itself. |
WeBWorK | WeBWorK is an online homework delivery system primarily used for mathematics and science. It allows students to complete their homework over the web, and receive instantaneous feedback as to the correctness of their responses. WeBWorK uses a Perl-based language called PG to specify exercises, which allows instructors a great deal of flexibility in how exercises are presented.WeBWorK was originally developed at the University of Rochester by professors Michael Gage and Arnold Pizer. It is now a free software project maintained by many contributors at several colleges and universities. It is made available under the Artistic License (the same license as Perl) and the GNU General Public License. WeBWorK is currently maintained by The WeBWorK Project.WeBWorK is currently used by many universities and high-schools around the world.WeBWorK is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Mathematical Association of America. |
Radioanalytical chemistry | Radioanalytical chemistry focuses on the analysis of sample for their radionuclide content. Various methods are employed to purify and identify the radioelement of interest through chemical methods and sample measurement techniques. |
HIST1H2BO | Histone H2B type 1-O is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HIST1H2BO gene.Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a member of the histone H2B family. Transcripts from this gene lack polyA tails but instead contain a palindromic termination element. This gene is found in the small histone gene cluster on chromosome 6p22-p21.3. |
Track brake | A magnetic track brake (Mg brake) is a brake for rail vehicles. It consists of brake magnets, pole shoes, a suspension, a power transmission and, in the case of mainline railroads, a track rod. When current flows through the magnet coil, the magnet is attracted to the rail, which presses the pole shoes against the rail, thereby decelerating the vehicle.While brakes such as disc brakes or shoe brakes depend on the frictional connection between wheel and rail, the magnetic track brake acts directly on the rail. Therefore, its brake effect is not limited by wheel-rail contact. Thus, environmental factors such as wetness or contamination of the rail have less influence on the brake force. |
Bicycle trainer | A bicycle trainer is a piece of equipment that makes it possible to ride a bicycle while it remains stationary. They are commonly used to warm up before races, or when riding conditions outside are not favorable. |
Natural hoof care | Natural hoof care is the practice of keeping horses so that their hooves are worn down naturally, or trimmed to emulate natural wear, so they do not suffer overgrowth, splitting and other disorders. Horseshoes are not used, but domesticated horses may still require trimming, exercise and other measures to maintain a natural shape and degree of wear.Within the natural hoof care philosophy, the term barefoot horses refers to horses which are kept barefoot, as opposed to horses who are fitted with horseshoes or hoof boots. The hooves of barefoot horses are trimmed with special consideration to a barefoot lifestyle. The barefoot horse movement advocates a generalized use of barefoot horses, both in non-competitive and competitive riding, often coupled with a more natural approach to horse care. Horses are kept barefoot in many parts of the world, including South America, Mongolia and other industrialized and non-industrialized cultures. |
BBCOR | BBCOR (Bat-ball coefficient of restitution) is a baseball bat performance standard created by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) to certify the performance of Composite baseball bats used in competition.From the standard: "To initiate the certification process for all baseball bats that are constructed with materials other than one-piece solid wood, an interested bat manufacturer must send one of the NCAA Certification Centers written notice of its intent to request certification testing on specific models it deems appropriate for testing." This standard went into effect on January 1, 2011 and all composite bats used in NCAA competition must meet the BBCOR standard. The standard is used to certify "all baseball bats that are constructed with materials other than one-piece solid wood". |
Crossbuck | A crossbuck is a traffic sign used to indicate a level railway crossing. It is composed of two slats of wood or metal of equal length, fastened together on a pole in a saltire formation (resembling the letter X). Crossbucks are sometimes supplemented by electrical warnings of flashing lights, a bell, or a boom barrier that descends to block the road and prevent traffic from crossing the tracks. |
Knight shift | The Knight shift is a shift in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) frequency of a paramagnetic substance first published in 1949 by the UC Berkeley physicist Walter D. Knight.For an ensemble of N spins in a magnetic induction field B→ , the nuclear Hamiltonian for the Knight shift is expressed in Cartesian form by: KS =−∑iNγi⋅I→^i⋅K^i⋅B→ , where for the ith spin γi is the gyromagnetic ratio, I→^i is a vector of the Cartesian nuclear angular momentum operators, the K^i=(KxxKxyKxzKyxKyyKyzKzxKzyKzz) matrix is a second-rank tensor similar to the chemical shift shielding tensor. |
Climate of Kosovo | Kosovo is a relatively small country. Because of the climatic position and complicated structure of the relief it has a variety of climate systems. |
F-Spot | F-Spot is a slowly maintained image organizer, designed to provide personal photo management for the GNOME desktop environment. The name is a play on the word F-Stop. |
Boccette | Boccette is a billiards-type game played in Italy. A variation of the game of five-pins, it is played on a pocketless (carom) billiard table with nine balls (typically four white, four red, and one blue). Cue sticks are not used; the balls are manipulated with the hands directly. The Game is very popular in countries colonized by Italy, specially in Eritrea |
First-class citizen | In a given programming language design, a first-class citizen is an entity which supports all the operations generally available to other entities. These operations typically include being passed as an argument, returned from a function, and assigned to a variable. |
TiVo Media File System | The MFS or Media File System is a proprietary file system used on TiVo hard drives for fault tolerant real-time recording of live TV. |
Jamie A. Davies | Jamie A. Davies is a British scientist, Professor of Experimental Anatomy at the University of Edinburgh, and leader of a laboratory in its Centre for Integrative Physiology. He works in the fields of Developmental biology, Synthetic biology, and Tissue engineering. He is also Principal Investigator for the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology database. |
Eprint | In academic publishing, an eprint or e-print is a digital version of a research document (usually a journal article, but could also be a thesis, conference paper, book chapter, or a book) that is accessible online, usually as green open access, whether from a local institutional or a central digital repository.When applied to journal articles, the term "eprints" covers both preprints (before peer review) and postprints (after peer review). |
UFluids@Home | μFluids@Home is a computer simulation of two-phase flow behavior in microgravity and microfluidics problems at Purdue University, using the Surface Evolver program. |
Cantor distribution | The Cantor distribution is the probability distribution whose cumulative distribution function is the Cantor function. |
Swale (landform) | A swale is a shady spot, or a sunken or marshy place. In US usage in particular, it is a shallow channel with gently sloping sides. Such a swale may be either natural or human-made. Artificial swales are often infiltration basins, designed to manage water runoff, filter pollutants, and increase rainwater infiltration. Bioswales are swales that involve the inclusion of plants or vegetation in their construction, specifically. |
Complete Champion | Complete Champion is a supplement for the 3.5 edition of the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. |
Regummed stamp | In philately, a regummed stamp is any stamp without gum, or without full gum, that has had new gum applied to the back to increase its value.
Unused stamps with full original gum (OG) on the back are worth more than stamps without gum or complete gum, for instance those that have been mounted using a stamp hinge. |
Old-growth forest | An old-growth forest, sometimes synonymous with primary forest, virgin forest, late seral forest, primeval forest, first-growth forest, or mature forest—is a forest that has attained great age without significant disturbance, and thereby exhibits unique ecological features, and might be classified as a climax community. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations defines primary forests as naturally regenerated forests of native tree species where there are no clearly visible indications of human activity and the ecological processes are not significantly disturbed. Barely one-third (34 percent) of the world's forests are primary forests. Old-growth features include diverse tree-related structures that provide diverse wildlife habitats that increases the biodiversity of the forested ecosystem. Virgin or first-growth forests are old-growth forests that have never been logged. The concept of diverse tree structure includes multi-layered canopies and canopy gaps, greatly varying tree heights and diameters, and diverse tree species and classes and sizes of woody debris. |
Anyone for tennis? | The phrase "Anyone for tennis?" (also given as "Tennis, anyone?") is an English language idiom primarily of the 20th century. The phrase is used to invoke a stereotype of shallow, leisured, upper-class toffs (tennis was, particularly before the widespread advent of public courts in the later 20th century, seen as a posh game for the rich, with courts popular at country clubs and private estates). It's a stereotypical entrance or exit line given to a young man of this class in a superficial drawing-room comedy. |
Carboxy-lyases | Carboxy-lyases, also known as decarboxylases, are carbon–carbon lyases that add or remove a carboxyl group from organic compounds. These enzymes catalyze the decarboxylation of amino acids, beta-keto acids and alpha-keto acids. |
Frisk (confectionery) | Frisk is the name of a line of breath mint candies produced by Frisk International and distributed worldwide by Perfetti Van Melle. Frisk mints are small, pellet-like mint candies contained in a metal cartridge. |
Mind projection fallacy | The mind projection fallacy is an informal fallacy first described by physicist and Bayesian philosopher E. T. Jaynes. In a first, "positive" form, it occurs when someone thinks that the way they see the world reflects the way the world really is, going as far as assuming the real existence of imagined objects. That is, someone's subjective judgments are "projected" to be inherent properties of an object, rather than being related to personal perception. One consequence is that others may be assumed to share the same perception, or that they are irrational or misinformed if they do not. In a second "negative" form of the fallacy, as described by Jaynes, occurs when someone assumes that their own lack of knowledge about a phenomenon (a fact about their state of mind) means that the phenomenon is not or cannot be understood (a fact about reality; see also Map and territory.) Jaynes used this concept to argue against Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. He described the fallacy as follows: [I]n studying probability theory, it was vaguely troubling to see reference to "gaussian random variables", or "stochastic processes", or "stationary time series", or "disorder", as if the property of being gaussian, random, stochastic, stationary, or disorderly is a real property, like the property of possessing mass or length, existing in Nature. Indeed, some seek to develop statistical tests to determine the presence of these properties in their data... |
All-silica fiber | All-silica fiber, or silica-silica fiber, is an optical fiber whose core and cladding are made of silica glass. The refractive index of the core glass is higher than that of the cladding. These fibers are typically step-index fibers. The cladding of an all-silica fiber should not be confused with the polymer overcoat of the fiber.
All-silica fiber is usually used as the medium for the purpose of transmitting optical signals. It is of technical interest in the fields of communications, broadcasting and television, due to its physical properties of low transmission loss, large bandwidth and light weight. |
Alfred P. Wolf | Alfred P. Wolf (February 13, 1923 – December 17, 1998) was an American nuclear and organic chemist. |
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