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Hydroxytyrosol | Hydroxytyrosol is an organic compound with the formula (HO)2C6H3CH2CH2OH. Classified as a phenylethanoid, i.e. a relative of phenethyl alcohol. Its derivatives are found in a variety of natural sources, notably olive oils and wines. Hydroxytyrosol is a colorless solid, although samples often turn beige during storage. It is a derivative, formally speaking, of catechol.
It or its derivatives occurs in olives and in wines |
Bryant's triangle | A surface marking of clinical importance is Bryant's triangle (or iliofemoral triangle), which is mapped out thus: the hypotenuse of the right angled triangle is a line from the anterior superior iliac spine to the top of the greater trochanter.
its sides are formed respectively by: a vertical line from the anterior superior iliac spine a perpendicular line from the top of the greater trochanter. |
Combustion models for CFD | Combustion models for CFD refers to combustion models for computational fluid dynamics. Combustion is defined as a chemical reaction in which a hydrocarbon fuel reacts with an oxidant to form products, accompanied with the release of energy in the form of heat. Being the integral part of various engineering applications like: internal combustion engines, aircraft engines, rocket engines, furnaces, and power station combustors, combustion manifests itself as a wide domain during the design, analysis and performance characteristics stages of the above-mentioned applications. With the added complexity of chemical kinetics and achieving reacting flow mixture environment, proper modeling physics has to be incorporated during computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations of combustion. Hence the following discussion presents a general outline of the various adequate models incorporated with the Computational fluid dynamic code to model the process of combustion. |
Honey super | A honey super is a part of a commercial or other managed (such as by a hobbyist) beehive that is used to collect honey. The most common variety is the "Illinois" or "medium" super with a depth of 65⁄8 inches, in the length and width dimensions of a Langstroth hive.
A honey super consists of a box in which 8–10 frames are hung. Western honeybees collect nectar and store the processed nectar in honeycomb, which they build on the frames. When the honeycomb is full, the bees will reduce the moisture content of the honey to 17-18% moisture content before capping the comb with beeswax.
Beekeepers will take the full honey supers and extract the honey. Periods when there is an abundant nectar source available and bees are quickly bringing back the nectar, are called a honey flow. During a honey flow, beekeepers may put several honey supers onto a hive so the bees have enough storage space.
Honey supers are removed in the fall when the honey is extracted, and before the hive is winterized, but enough honey is left for the bees to consume during winter. |
Spectral regrowth | Spectral regrowth is the intermodulation products generated in the presence of a digital transmitter added to an analog communication system. |
Polycon | In geometry, a polycon is a kind of a developable roller. It is made of identical pieces of a cone whose apex angle equals the angle of an even sided regular polygon. In principle, there are infinitely many polycons, as many as there are even sided regular polygons. Most members of the family have elongated spindle like shapes. The polycon family generalizes the sphericon. It was discovered by the Israeli inventor David Hirsch in 2017 |
SplitsTree | SplitsTree is a popular freeware program for inferring phylogenetic trees, phylogenetic networks, or, more generally, splits graphs, from various types of data such as a sequence alignment, a distance matrix or a set of trees. SplitsTree implements published methods such as split decomposition, neighbor-net, consensus networks, super networks methods or methods for computing hybridization or simple recombination networks. It uses the NEXUS file format. The splits graph is defined using a special data block (SPLITS block). |
Phrase chunking | Phrase chunking is a phase of natural language processing that separates and segments a sentence into its subconstituents, such as noun, verb, and prepositional phrases, abbreviated as NP, VP, and PP, respectively. Typically, each subconstituent or chunk is denoted by brackets. |
Creational pattern | In software engineering, creational design patterns are design patterns that deal with object creation mechanisms, trying to create objects in a manner suitable to the situation. The basic form of object creation could result in design problems or in added complexity to the design. Creational design patterns solve this problem by somehow controlling this object creation. |
Shovel test pit | A shovel test pit (STP) is a standard method for Phase I of an archaeological survey. It is usually a part of the Cultural Resources Management (CRM) methodology and a popular form of rapid archaeological survey in the United States of America and Canada. It designates a series of (c. 0.50 m or less) test holes, usually dug out by a shovel (hence the name) in order to determine whether the soil contains any cultural remains that are not visible on the surface. The soil is sifted or screened through 1/4" or 6 mm wire mesh to recover the artifacts. |
Aureole effect | The aureole effect or water aureole is an optical phenomenon similar to Heiligenschein, creating sparkling light and dark rays radiating from the shadow of the viewer's head. This effect is seen only over a rippling water surface. The waves act as lenses to focus and defocus sunlight: focused sunlight produces the lighter rays, while defocused sunlight produces the darker rays. Suspended particles in the water help make the aureole effect more pronounced. The effect extends a greater angular distance from the viewer's shadow when the viewer is higher above the water, and can sometimes be seen from a plane.Although the focused (light) ray cones are actually more or less parallel to each other, the rays from the aureole effect appear to be radiating from the shadow of the viewer’s head due to perspective effects. The viewer's line of sight is parallel and lies within the cones, so from the viewer's perspective the rays seem to be radiating from the antisolar point, within the viewer's shadow.As in similar antisolar optical effects (such as a glory or Heiligenschein), each observer will see an aureole effect radiating only from their own head’s shadow. Similarly, if a photographer holds their camera at arm's length, the aureole effect appearing in the picture will be seen radiating from the shadow of the camera, although the photographer would still see it around their head's shadow while taking the picture. This happens because the aureole effect always appears directly opposite the sun, centered at the antisolar point. The antisolar point itself is located within the shadow of the viewer, whatever this is: the eyes of the viewer or the camera's lens. As a matter of fact, when aureole effects are photographed from a plane, it is possible to tell where the photographer was seated. |
Biogas | Biogas is a gaseous renewable energy source produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste, wastewater, and food waste. Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion with anaerobic organisms or methanogens inside an anaerobic digester, biodigester or a bioreactor. |
Camel loin | Camel loin is a cut of meat from a camel, created from the tissue along the dorsal side of the rib cage.
The brisket, ribs and loin are among the preferred parts. The method of cooking varies from country to country; the Saudis prefer to cook the kabsa by using pressure cooking. |
Cold-cranking simulator | The cold-cranking simulator (CCS) is a device used to determine the low temperature performance of lubricants, when starting a cold engine (i.e. cold-cranking). In this condition, the only energy available to turn the engine comes from the starter motor and the battery, and it has been widely assumed that the system acts as a constant power viscometer. The use of this device for this purpose is standardized as ASTM D5293. |
Improvisational Team Synchronization | Improvisational Team Synchronization, Improv Team Sync, or ITS (formerly Improvisational Tribal Style) belly dance is a style of group dance improvisation, often associated with Tribal Fusion and belly dance. ITS is performed by a group of dancers consisting of one of more leaders and followers. The dance relies on a shared vocabulary of movements, each initiated by the leader using a distinct cue movement. After the cue, a short choreographed movement sequence, or combo, is performed by the group. The leader chooses the combo based on their interpretation of the music, which is often done spontaneously during the performance. The result is a dance that appears choreographed, but is in fact structured improvisation. This format of structured group improvisation was first developed by Carolena Nericcio-Bohlman, the founder of American Tribal Style. |
Principles of Compiler Design | Principles of Compiler Design, by Alfred Aho and Jeffrey Ullman, is a classic textbook on compilers for computer programming languages. Both of the authors won the 2020 Turing award for their work on compilers. |
Ultraviolet fixed point | In a quantum field theory, one may calculate an effective or running coupling constant that defines the coupling of the theory measured at a given momentum scale. One example of such a coupling constant is the electric charge.
In approximate calculations in several quantum field theories, notably quantum electrodynamics and theories of the Higgs particle, the running coupling appears to become infinite at a finite momentum scale. This is sometimes called the Landau pole problem. |
Quantum signal processing | Quantum Signal Processing is a Hamiltonian simulation algorithm with optimal lower bounds in query complexity. It linearizes the operator of a quantum walk using eigenvalue transformation. The quantum walk takes a constant number of queries. So quantum signal processing's cost depends on the constant number of calls to the quantum walk operator, number of single qubit quantum gates that aid in the eigenvalue transformation and an ancilla qubit. |
Virtual black hole | In quantum gravity, a virtual black hole is a hypothetical micro black hole that exists temporarily as a result of a quantum fluctuation of spacetime. It is an example of quantum foam and is the gravitational analog of the virtual electron–positron pairs found in quantum electrodynamics. Theoretical arguments suggest that virtual black holes should have mass on the order of the Planck mass, lifetime around the Planck time, and occur with a number density of approximately one per Planck volume.The emergence of virtual black holes at the Planck scale is a consequence of the uncertainty relation ΔRμΔxμ≥ℓP2=ℏGc3 where Rμ is the radius of curvature of spacetime small domain, xμ is the coordinate of the small domain, ℓP is the Planck length, ℏ is the reduced Planck constant, G is the Newtonian constant of gravitation, and c is the speed of light. These uncertainty relations are another form of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle at the Planck scale. |
Ent-isokaurene C2-hydroxylase | Ent-isokaurene C2-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.143, CYP71Z6) is an enzyme with systematic name ent-isokaurene,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction ent-isokaurene + O2 + NADPH + H+ ⇌ ent-2alpha-hydroxyisokaurene + H2O + NADP+Ent-isokaurene C2-hydroxylase performs the initial step in the conversion of ent-isokaurene to the antibacterial oryzalides in rice, Oryza sativa. |
Fatigue testing | Fatigue testing is a specialised form of mechanical testing that is performed by applying cyclic loading to a coupon or structure. These tests are used either to generate fatigue life and crack growth data, identify critical locations or demonstrate the safety of a structure that may be susceptible to fatigue. Fatigue tests are used on a range of components from coupons through to full size test articles such as automobiles and aircraft. |
Oudemansin A | Oudemansin A is a natural product first isolated from the basidiomycete fungus Oudemansiella mucida. Its chemical structure was determined by X-ray crystallography in 1979 and absolute stereochemistry by total synthesis. Two closely related derivatives, oudemansin B and X have also been isolated from other basidiomycetes. They are all biologically active against many filamentous fungi and yeasts but with insufficient potency and stability to become useful commercial products. However, their discovery, together with the strobilurins led to agricultural fungicides including azoxystrobin with the same mechanism of action. |
Locked-in syndrome | Locked-in syndrome (LIS), also known as pseudocoma, is a condition in which a patient is aware but cannot move or communicate verbally due to complete paralysis of nearly all voluntary muscles in the body except for vertical eye movements and blinking. The individual is conscious and sufficiently intact cognitively to be able to communicate with eye movements. Electroencephalography results are normal in locked-in syndrome. |
SPG23 | Spastic paraplegia 23 (SPG autosomal recessive) is a 25cM gene locus at 1q24-q32. A genome-wide linkage screen has associated this locus with a type of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). |
Cysmethynil | Cysmethynil is a chemical compound that is reported to inhibit Icmt, a protein that methylates a Ras protein, which then triggers uncontrolled cell growth. If Icmt no longer activates Ras, cell growth and proliferatation remains under normal control. As such, this small molecule has been investigated as a treatment for cancer. In animal models containing multiple human tumor growths, treatment with cysmethynil causes autophagy in the cell and results in cell death and reduced tumor burden. In prostate cancer cells, cysmethynil inhibits Icmt such that the cell is stuck in the G1 phase, and this leads to the autophagic cell death. |
Lipscombite | Lipscombite (Fe2+,Mn2+)(Fe3+)2(PO4)2(OH)2 is a green gray, olive green, or black. phosphate-based mineral containing iron, manganese, and iron phosphate.
Lipscombite is often formed at meteorite impact sites where its crystals are microscopically small, because crystal-forming conditions of pressure and temperature are brief.
In the Classification of non-silicate minerals lipscombite is in the lipscombite group, which also includes zinclipscombite. This group is within the non-silicate, category 8, anhydrous phosphates, lazulite supergroup. |
Lithium niobate | Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is a synthetic salt consisting of niobium, lithium, and oxygen. Its single crystals are an important material for optical waveguides, mobile phones, piezoelectric sensors, optical modulators and various other linear and non-linear optical applications. Lithium niobate is sometimes referred to by the brand name linobate. |
Controlled language in machine translation | Using controlled language in machine translation poses several problems.
In an automated translation, the first step in order to understand the controlled language is to know what it is and to distinguish between natural language and controlled language.
The main problem in machine translation is a linguistic problem. Language is ambiguous and the system tries to model a language on lexical and grammatical way. In order to solve this problem there are a lot of alternatives, e.g. a glossary related with the text’s topic can be used. |
Alpha Delta Theta (professional) | Alpha Delta Theta (ΑΔΘ) is a professional fraternity in the field of medical technology, originally for women. |
Syncoilin | == Discovery == Syncoilin is a muscle-specific atypical type III intermediate filament protein encoded in the human by the gene SYNC. It was first isolated as a binding partner to α-dystrobrevin, as determined by a yeast two-hybrid assay.Later, a yeast two-hybrid method was used to demonstrate that syncoilin is a binding partner of desmin. These binding partners suggest that syncoilin acts as a mechanical "linker" between the sarcomere Z-disk (where desmin is localized) and the dystrophin-associated protein complex (where α-dystrobrevin is localized). However, the specific in vivo functions of syncoilin have not yet been determined. |
IBM 1401 Symbolic Programming System | The IBM 1401 Symbolic Programming System (SPS) was an assembler that was developed by Gary Mokotoff, IBM Applied Programming Department, for the IBM 1401 computer, the first of the IBM 1400 series. One source indicates that "This programming system was announced by IBM with the machine."SPS-1 could run on a low-end machine with 1.4K memory, SPS-2 required at least 4K memory. |
Furoshiki | Furoshiki (風呂敷) are traditional Japanese wrapping cloths traditionally used to wrap and/or to transport goods. Consideration is placed on the aesthetics of furoshiki, which may feature hemmed edges, thicker and more expensive materials, and hand-painted designs; however, furoshiki are much less formal than fukusa, and are not generally used to present formal gifts.
While they come in a variety of sizes, they are typically almost square: the height is slightly greater than the width.Traditional materials include silk or cotton, but modern furoshiki are available in synthetic materials like rayon, nylon, or polyester. |
Gazumping | Gazumping occurs when a seller (especially of property) accepts a verbal offer (a promise to purchase) on the property from one potential buyer, but then accepts a higher offer from someone else. It can also refer to the seller raising the asking price or asking for more money at the last minute, after previously verbally agreeing to a lower one. In either case, the original buyer is left in a bad situation, and either has to offer a higher price or lose the purchase. The term gazumping is most commonly used in the United Kingdom and Ireland, although similar practices can be found in some other jurisdictions. |
Christmas tree stand | A Christmas tree stand is an object designed to support a cut, natural or an artificial Christmas tree. Christmas tree stands appeared as early as 1876 and have had various designs over the years. Those stands designed for natural trees have a water-well, which, in many cases may not hold enough water to adequately supply the cut tree. Some specialty Christmas tree stands have value on the secondary antiques market. |
Fitoterapia | Fitoterapia is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering research on the use of medicinal plants and bioactive natural products of plant origin in pharmacotherapy.
According to the Journal Citation Reports, Fitoterapia has a 2022 impact factor of 3.4. Since 2023 the Editor in Chief is prof. Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati. |
Three thirteen | Three thirteen is a variation of the card game Rummy. It is an eleven-round game played with two or more players. It requires two decks of cards with the jokers removed. Like other Rummy games, once the hands are dealt, the remainder of the cards are placed face down on the table. The top card from the deck is flipped face up and put beside the deck to start the discard pile. |
Frameless construction | In cabinetmaking, frameless construction of cabinets uses flat panels of engineered wood — usually particle board, plywood or medium-density fibreboard — rather than the older frame and panel construction. |
Inclusion (taxonomy) | In taxonomy, inclusion is the process whereby two species that were believed to be distinct are found in fact to be the same and are thus combined as one species. Which name is kept for this unified species is sometimes a cause of debate, but generally it is the earlier-named one, and the other species is said to be "included" within this one. |
TIP TIG | TIP TIG is a subset of gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), using a mechanism called filler wire agitation to enhance molten weld pool dynamics. This agitation has been found to enhance the weld puddle fluidity and release evolving gases, reducing the chances of inclusions and porosity, and also separate impurities.Welding systems that employ the TIP TIG method are in fact GTAW systems, simply wire fed, that additionally induce a vibratory effect on the wire and apply hot wire current on the filler metal before it even enters the weld pool. The vibration comes from a linear forward and backward motion applied mechanically using a custom wire feeder system. A secondary power, on the other hand, creates the hot wire current.The TIP TIG process was invented and patented 1999 by the Austrian engineer, Siegfried Plasch with the intention of a higher deposition rate compared to the regular GTAW process. |
Perceptual learning | Perceptual learning is learning better perception skills such as differentiating two musical tones from one another or categorizations of spatial and temporal patterns relevant to real-world expertise. Examples of this may include reading, seeing relations among chess pieces, and knowing whether or not an X-ray image shows a tumor.
Sensory modalities may include visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, and taste. Perceptual learning forms important foundations of complex cognitive processes (i.e., language) and interacts with other kinds of learning to produce perceptual expertise. Underlying perceptual learning are changes in the neural circuitry. The ability for perceptual learning is retained throughout life. |
Triazane | Triazane is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NH2NHNH2 or N3H5. Triazane is the third simplest acyclic azane after ammonia and hydrazine. It can be synthesized from hydrazine but is unstable and cannot be isolated in the free base form, only as salt forms such as triazanium sulfate. Attempts to convert triazanium salts to the free base release only diazene and ammonia. Triazane was first synthesized as a ligand of the silver complex ion: tris(μ2-triazane-κ2N1,N3)disilver(2+). Triazane has also been synthesized in electron-irradiated ammonia ices and detected as a stable gas-phase product after sublimation. |
Achondrogenesis type 1B | Achondrogenesis, type 1B is a severe autosomal recessive skeletal disorder, invariably fatal in the perinatal period. It is characterized by extremely short limbs, a narrow chest and a prominent, rounded abdomen. The fingers and toes are short and the feet may be rotated inward. Affected infants frequently have a soft out-pouching around the belly-button (an umbilical hernia) or near the groin (an inguinal hernia).Achondrogenesis, type 1B is a rare genetic disorder; its incidence is unknown. Achondrogenesis, type 1B is the most severe condition in a spectrum of skeletal disorders caused by mutations in the SLC26A2 gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein that is essential for the normal development of cartilage and for its conversion to bone. Mutations in the SLC26A2 gene disrupt the structure of developing cartilage, preventing bones from forming properly and resulting in the skeletal problems characteristic of achondrogenesis, type 1B.Achondrogenesis, type 1B is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means two copies of the gene in each cell are altered. Most often, the parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive disorder are carriers of one copy of the altered gene but do not show signs and symptoms of the disorder. |
Exponential decay | A quantity is subject to exponential decay if it decreases at a rate proportional to its current value. Symbolically, this process can be expressed by the following differential equation, where N is the quantity and λ (lambda) is a positive rate called the exponential decay constant, disintegration constant, rate constant, or transformation constant: dNdt=−λN.
The solution to this equation (see derivation below) is: N(t)=N0e−λt, where N(t) is the quantity at time t, N0 = N(0) is the initial quantity, that is, the quantity at time t = 0. |
Long intergenic non-protein coding rna 483 | Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 483 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LINC00483 gene. |
Rete pegs | Rete pegs (also known as rete processes or rete ridges) are the epithelial extensions that project into the underlying connective tissue in both skin and mucous membranes.
In the epithelium of the mouth, the attached gingiva exhibit rete pegs, while the sulcular and junctional epithelia do not. Scar tissue lacks rete pegs and scars tend to shear off more easily than normal tissue as a result.Also known as papillae, they are downward thickenings of the epidermis between the dermal papillae. |
Calculus on Manifolds (book) | Calculus on Manifolds: A Modern Approach to Classical Theorems of Advanced Calculus (1965) by Michael Spivak is a brief, rigorous, and modern textbook of multivariable calculus, differential forms, and integration on manifolds for advanced undergraduates. |
Subtract a square | Subtract-a-square (also referred to as take-a-square) is a two-player mathematical subtraction game. It is played by two people with a pile of coins (or other tokens) between them. The players take turns removing coins from the pile, always removing a non-zero square number of coins. The game is usually played as a normal play game, which means that the player who removes the last coin wins. It is an impartial game, meaning that the set of moves available from any position does not depend on whose turn it is. Solomon W. Golomb credits the invention of this game to Richard A. Epstein. |
Earth's shadow | Earth's shadow (or Earth shadow) is the shadow that Earth itself casts through its atmosphere and into outer space, toward the antisolar point. During the twilight period (both early dusk and late dawn), the shadow's visible fringe – sometimes called the dark segment or twilight wedge – appears as a dark and diffuse band just above the horizon, most distinct when the sky is clear. |
Maxillary artery | The maxillary artery supplies deep structures of the face. It branches from the external carotid artery just deep to the neck of the mandible. |
Novokhopyorsky | Novokhopyorsky/Novokhopersky (masculine), Novokhopyorskaya/Novokhoperskaya (feminine), or Novokhopyorskoye/Novokhoperskoye (neuter) may refer to: Novokhopyorsky District, a district of Voronezh Oblast, Russia Novokhopyorsky (urban locality), an urban locality (a work settlement) in Voronezh Oblast, Russia |
Common ISDN Application Programming Interface | The Common ISDN Application Programming Interface (short CAPI) is an ISDN-conformant standardized software interface. With the help of CAPI, computer software intended for the use with ISDN can be provided, without knowledge of the deployed, proprietary ISDN card.
CAPI was designed from 1989 by German manufacturers (AVM, Systec, Stollmann). Since 1991, CAPI is being developed further by CAPI Association e.V. Implementations exist for different operating systems, including Linux and Microsoft Windows.
Through the ETSI, CAPI 2.0 was introduced as standard ETS 300 324 (Profile B). |
Pension spiking | Pension spiking, sometimes referred to as "salary spiking", is the process whereby public sector employees are granted large raises, bonuses, incentives or otherwise artificially inflate their compensation in the time immediately preceding retirement in order to receive larger pensions than they otherwise would be entitled to receive. This artificially inflates the pension payments due to the retirees. |
Ream Al-Hasani | Ream Al-Hasani is a British neuroscientist and pharmacologist as well as an assistant professor of anesthesiology at Washington University in St. Louis. Al-Hasani studies the endogenous opioid system to understand how to target it therapeutically to treat addiction, affective disorders, and chronic pain. |
Sermorelin | Sermorelin acetate (INN; brand names Geref, Gerel), also known as GHRH (1-29), is a peptide analogue of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) which is used as a diagnostic agent to assess growth hormone (GH) secretion for the purpose of diagnosing growth hormone deficiency. It is a 29-amino acid polypeptide representing the 1–29 fragment from endogenous human GHRH, thought to be the shortest fully functional fragment of GHRH. |
Donsker's theorem | In probability theory, Donsker's theorem (also known as Donsker's invariance principle, or the functional central limit theorem), named after Monroe D. Donsker, is a functional extension of the central limit theorem. Let X1,X2,X3,… be a sequence of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables with mean 0 and variance 1. Let := ∑i=1nXi . The stochastic process := (Sn)n∈N is known as a random walk. Define the diffusively rescaled random walk (partial-sum process) by := S⌊nt⌋n,t∈[0,1]. |
Ensemble coding | Ensemble coding, also known as ensemble perception or summary representation, is a theory in cognitive neuroscience about the internal representation of groups of objects in the human mind. Ensemble coding proposes that such information is recorded via summary statistics, particularly the average or variance. Experimental evidence tends to support the theory for low-level visual information, such as shapes and sizes, as well as some high-level features such as face gender. Nonetheless, it remains unclear the extent to which ensemble coding applies to high-level or non-visual stimuli, and the theory remains the subject of active research. |
Humor styles | Humor styles are a subject of research in the field of personality psychology that focuses on the ways in which individuals differ in their use of humor. People of all ages and cultures respond to humor, but their use of it can vary greatly. There are multiple factors, such as culture, age, and political orientation, that play a role in determining what people find humorous. Although humor styles can be somewhat variable depending on social context, they tend to be a relatively stable personality characteristic among individuals. Humor can play an instrumental role in the formation of social bonds, enabling people to relate to peers or to attract a mate, and can help to release tension during periods of stress. There is a lack of current, reliable research that explores the impact of humor usages on others because it is difficult to distinguish a healthy humor usage from one that is unhealthy. Justifications for harmful versus benign humor styles are subjective and lead to varying definitions of either usage.The Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) has emerged as a different model for understanding the individual differences in humor styles. Humor can enhance individuals' self representation, and can also help to facilitate positive interactions with others. Humor can be both beneficial and detrimental to social relationships. The combination of these factors creates four distinct humor styles: self-enhancing, affiliative, aggressive, and self-defeating. Some styles of humor promote health and well-being, while other styles have the potential to negatively impact both mental and physical health. There are other humor scale surveys that are used to measure different aspects of humor, such as The Situational Humor Response Questionnaire, The Coping Humor Scale, The Sense of Humor Questionnaire, and The Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale. |
Offset Press Inc. | Offset Press Inc., Also known as OPI, is an Iranian corporation that develops, manufactures, and distributes analogue and digital products and systems for the making, processing, and reproduction of images.While the demographic of the corporation has changed with time, OPI initially started developing text books.The company operates publicly in Iran, being listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange since 1990. |
Contact binary (small Solar System body) | A contact binary is a small Solar System body such as a minor planet or a comet that is composed of two bodies that have gravitated toward each other until they touch, resulting in a bilobated, peanut-like overall shape. Contact binaries are often rubble piles but distinct from real binary systems such as binary asteroids. The term is also used for stellar contact binaries. |
224 (number) | 224 (two hundred [and] twenty-four) is the natural number following 223 and preceding 225. |
MainActor | MainActor was video editing software from MainConcept for Windows and since July 15, 2004, also for Linux. The last version was 5.5, being available for SuSE 10.1 and Ubuntu 6 distributions. In the beginning the software was written on the Amiga.
The software cost EUR€167.23 (US$199.00). A free demo version, that shows a watermark, was available.
MainActor was created and developed by Markus Moenig, the CEO of MainConcept at that time.
In May 2007, MainConcept decided to discontinue the supply and development of MainActor. In November 2007, MainConcept was taken over by DivX, Inc. The software is no longer officially available or supported. |
Qing Lan | Qing Lan is a Chinese physician-scientist and molecular epidemiologist who researches indoor air pollution, lung cancer, and occupational exposures. She is a senior investigator in the occupational and environmental epidemiology branch at the National Cancer Institute. |
Ion trap | An ion trap is a combination of electric and/or magnetic fields used to capture charged particles — known as ions — often in a system isolated from an external environment. Atomic and molecular ion traps have a number of applications in physics and chemistry such as precision mass spectrometry, improved atomic frequency standards, and quantum computing. In comparison to neutral atom traps, ion traps have deeper trapping potentials (up to several electronvolts) that do not depend on the internal electronic structure of a trapped ion. This makes ion traps more suitable for the study of light interactions with single atomic systems. The two most popular types of ion traps are the Penning trap, which forms a potential via a combination of static electric and magnetic fields, and the Paul trap which forms a potential via a combination of static and oscillating electric fields.Penning traps can be used for precise magnetic measurements in spectroscopy. Studies of quantum state manipulation most often use the Paul trap. This may lead to a trapped ion quantum computer and has already been used to create the world's most accurate atomic clocks. Electron guns (a device emitting high-speed electrons, used in CRTs) can use an ion trap to prevent degradation of the cathode by positive ions. |
Polymer degradation | Polymer degradation is the reduction in the physical properties of a polymer, such as strength, caused by changes in its chemical composition. Polymers and particularly plastics are subject to degradation at all stages of their product life cycle, including during their initial processing, use, disposal into the environment and recycling. The rate of this degradation varies significantly; biodegradation can take decades, whereas some industrial processes can completely decompose a polymer in hours. |
Cognitive computing | Cognitive computing refers to technology platforms that, broadly speaking, are based on the scientific disciplines of artificial intelligence and signal processing. These platforms encompass machine learning, reasoning, natural language processing, speech recognition and vision (object recognition), human–computer interaction, dialog and narrative generation, among other technologies. |
Power Management Bus | The Power Management Bus (PMBus) is a variant of the System Management Bus (SMBus) which is targeted at digital management of power supplies. Like SMBus, it is a relatively slow speed two wire communications protocol based on I²C. Unlike either of those standards, it defines a substantial number of domain-specific commands rather than just saying how to communicate using commands defined by the reader. |
SMURF1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SMURF1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SMURF1 gene. The SMURF1 Gene encodes a protein with a size of 757 amino acids and the molecular mass of this protein is 86114 Da. |
Ternary complex | A ternary complex is a protein complex containing three different molecules that are bound together. In structural biology, ternary complex can also be used to describe a crystal containing a protein with two small molecules bound, for example cofactor and substrate; or a complex formed between two proteins and a single substrate. In Immunology, ternary complex can refer to the MHC–peptide–T-cell-receptor complex formed when T cells recognize epitopes of an antigen. |
Propylphenidate | Propylphenidate (also known as PPH) is a piperidine based stimulant drug, closely related to methylphenidate, but with the methyl ester replaced by a propyl ester. It was banned in the UK as a Temporary Class Drug from April 2015 following its unapproved sale as a designer drug. |
Conductance quantum | The conductance quantum, denoted by the symbol G0, is the quantized unit of electrical conductance. It is defined by the elementary charge e and Planck constant h as: G0=2e2h = 7.748091729...×10−5 S.It appears when measuring the conductance of a quantum point contact, and, more generally, is a key component of the Landauer formula, which relates the electrical conductance of a quantum conductor to its quantum properties. It is twice the reciprocal of the von Klitzing constant (2/RK). |
Split-step method | In numerical analysis, the split-step (Fourier) method is a pseudo-spectral numerical method used to solve nonlinear partial differential equations like the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The name arises for two reasons. First, the method relies on computing the solution in small steps, and treating the linear and the nonlinear steps separately (see below). Second, it is necessary to Fourier transform back and forth because the linear step is made in the frequency domain while the nonlinear step is made in the time domain. |
Steep turn (aviation) | A steep turn in aviation, performed by an aircraft (usually fixed wing), is a turn that involves a bank of more than 30 degrees. This means the angle created by the axis running along both wings and the horizon is more than 30 degrees. Generally, for training purposes, steep turns are demonstrated and practiced at 45 degrees, sometimes more. The purpose of learning and practicing a steep turn is to train a pilot to maintain control of an aircraft in cases of emergency such as structural damage, loss of power in one engine etc. |
Triaugmented hexagonal prism | In geometry, the triaugmented hexagonal prism is one of the Johnson solids (J57). As the name suggests, it can be constructed by triply augmenting a hexagonal prism by attaching square pyramids (J1) to three of its nonadjacent equatorial faces.
A Johnson solid is one of 92 strictly convex polyhedra that is composed of regular polygon faces but are not uniform polyhedra (that is, they are not Platonic solids, Archimedean solids, prisms, or antiprisms). They were named by Norman Johnson, who first listed these polyhedra in 1966. |
Solar eclipse of June 13, 2132 | This is a list of solar eclipses that will occur in the 22nd century. During the period 2101 to 2200 there will be 235 solar eclipses of which 79 will be partial, 87 will be annular (five non-central), 65 will be total, and 4 will be hybrids. The greatest number of eclipses in one year will be four, in 11 different years: 2112, 2134, 2141, 2152, 2159, 2170, 2177, 2181, 2188, 2195, and 2199. |
Platinum fulminate | Platinum fulminate is a primary explosive which is a fulminate salt of platinum discovered by Edmund Davy. |
Beurre manié | Beurre manié (French "kneaded butter") is a paste, consisting of equal parts by volume of soft butter and flour, used to thicken soups and sauces. By kneading the flour and butter together, the flour particles are coated in butter. When the beurre manié is whisked into a hot or warm liquid, the butter melts, releasing the flour particles without creating lumps.Beurre manié is similar to, but should not be confused with a roux, which is also a thickener made of equal parts of sometimes clarified butter or many other oils and flour, but is cooked before use.Beurre manié is also used as a finishing step for sauces, imparting a smooth, shiny texture prior to service. |
Discovery and development of direct Xa inhibitors | Four drugs from the class of direct Xa inhibitors are marketed worldwide. Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) was the first approved FXa inhibitor to become commercially available in Europe and Canada in 2008. The second one was apixaban (Eliquis), approved in Europe in 2011 and in the United States in 2012. The third one edoxaban (Lixiana, Savaysa) was approved in Japan in 2011 and in Europe and the US in 2015. Betrixaban (Bevyxxa) was approved in the US in 2017. |
Transfer RNA | Transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA and formerly referred to as sRNA, for soluble RNA) is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 76 to 90 nucleotides in length (in eukaryotes), that serves as the physical link between the mRNA and the amino acid sequence of proteins. Transfer RNA (tRNA) does this by carrying an amino acid to the protein synthesizing machinery of a cell called the ribosome. Complementation of a 3-nucleotide codon in a messenger RNA (mRNA) by a 3-nucleotide anticodon of the tRNA results in protein synthesis based on the mRNA code. As such, tRNAs are a necessary component of translation, the biological synthesis of new proteins in accordance with the genetic code. |
Probabilistic method | In mathematics, the probabilistic method is a nonconstructive method, primarily used in combinatorics and pioneered by Paul Erdős, for proving the existence of a prescribed kind of mathematical object. It works by showing that if one randomly chooses objects from a specified class, the probability that the result is of the prescribed kind is strictly greater than zero. Although the proof uses probability, the final conclusion is determined for certain, without any possible error. |
Short Code (computer language) | Short Code was one of the first higher-level languages developed for an electronic computer. Unlike machine code, Short Code statements represented mathematic expressions rather than a machine instruction. Also known as an automatic programming, the source code was not compiled but executed through an interpreter to simplify the programming process; the execution time was much slower though. |
HPGD | Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15-(NAD) (the HUGO-approved official symbol = HPGD; HGNC ID, HGNC:5154), also called 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD+], is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HPGD gene.In melanocytic cells HPGD gene expression may be regulated by MITF. |
Héctor Chang | Héctor Chang Lara is a Venezuelan mathematician working at CIMAT, Guanajuato unit, in Mexico. Chang received his BA in Mathematics from Simon Bolivar University in Venezuela, his MS from the University of New Mexico and his PhD in mathematics from the University of Texas at Austin, advised by Luis Caffarelli. Chang works in partial differential equations, specializing in elliptic and parabolic differential equations as well as integro-differential equations and free boundary problems. |
2-Deoxy-scyllo-inosamine dehydrogenase | 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosamine dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.329, neoA (gene name), kanK (gene name)) is an enzyme with systematic name 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosamine:NAD(P)+ 1-oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosamine + NAD(P)+ ⇌ 3-amino-2,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inosose + NAD(P)H + H+This enzyme requires zinc. |
Stress (mechanics) | In continuum mechanics, stress is a physical quantity that describes forces present during deformation. An object being pulled apart, such as a stretched elastic band, is subject to tensile stress and may undergo elongation. An object being pushed together, such as a crumpled sponge, is subject to compressive stress and may undergo shortening. The greater the force and the smaller the cross-sectional area of the body on which it acts, the greater the stress. Stress has units of force per area, such as newtons per square meter (N/m2) or pascal (Pa). |
Microearthquake | A microearthquake (or microquake) is a very low-intensity earthquake that is 2.0 or less in magnitude. They are very rarely felt beyond 8 km (5 mi) from their epicenter. In addition to having natural tectonic causes, they may also be seen as a result of underground nuclear testing or even large detonations of conventional explosives for producing excavations. They normally cause no damage to life or property, and are very rarely felt by people.Microquakes occur often near volcanoes as they approach an eruption, and frequently in certain regions exploited for geothermal energy, such as near Geyserville in Northern California. These occur so continuously that the current USGS event map for that location usually shows a substantial number of small earthquakes at that location. |
Archaeogenetics | Archaeogenetics is the study of ancient DNA using various molecular genetic methods and DNA resources. This form of genetic analysis can be applied to human, animal, and plant specimens. Ancient DNA can be extracted from various fossilized specimens including bones, eggshells, and artificially preserved tissues in human and animal specimens. In plants, ancient DNA can be extracted from seeds and tissue. Archaeogenetics provides us with genetic evidence of ancient population group migrations, domestication events, and plant and animal evolution. The ancient DNA cross referenced with the DNA of relative modern genetic populations allows researchers to run comparison studies that provide a more complete analysis when ancient DNA is compromised.Archaeogenetics receives its name from the Greek word arkhaios, meaning "ancient", and the term genetics, meaning "the study of heredity". The term archaeogenetics was conceived by archaeologist Colin Renfrew.In February 2021, scientists reported the oldest DNA ever sequenced was successfully retrieved from a mammoth dating back over a million years. |
Porphyritic | Porphyritic is an adjective used in geology to describe igneous rocks with a distinct difference in the size of mineral crystals, with the larger crystals known as phenocrysts. Both extrusive and intrusive rocks can be porphyritic, meaning all types of igneous rocks can display some degree of porphyritic texture. Most porphyritic rocks have bimodal size ranges, meaning the rock is composed of two distinct sizes of crystal.In extrusive rocks, the phenocrysts are surrounded by a fine-grained (aphanitic) matrix or groundmass of volcanic glass or non-visible crystals, commonly seen in porphyritic basalt. Porphyritic intrusive rocks have a matrix with individual crystals easily distinguished with the eye, but one group of crystals appearing clearly much bigger than the rest, as in a porphyritic granite. |
Coordination isomerism | Coordination isomerism is a form of structural isomerism in which the composition of the coordination complex ion varies. In a coordination isomer the total ratio of ligand to metal remains the same, but the ligands attached to a specific metal ion change. Examples of a complete series of coordination isomers require at least two metal ions and sometimes more.
For example, a solution containing ([Co(NH3)6]3+ and [Cr(CN)6]3−) is a coordination isomer with a solution containing [Cr(NH3)6]3+ and [Co(CN)6]3−. |
Bodystorming | Bodystorming is a technique sometimes used in interaction design or as a creativity technique. It has also been cited as catalyzing scientific research when used as a modeling tool.The idea is to imagine what it would be like if the product existed, and act as though it exists, ideally in the place it would be used. It is going through an idea with improvised artifacts and physical activities to envision a solution. This User Experience Design (UXD) technique is ideal to design physical spaces (e.g. the interior design of a shop) but can also be used to design physical products or software. |
ISO 860 | ISO 860 Terminology work – Harmonization of concepts and terms is an ISO standard that deals with the principles which are the basis upon which concept systems can be harmonized and with the development of harmonized terminologies, in order to improve the efficiency in interlinguistic communication.
This standard specifies a methodology for the harmonization of concepts, definitions, terms, concept systems, and term systems. It is a natural extension of ISO 704. |
Mirapoint Email Appliance | Mirapoint Email Appliance is a Unix-like standards-compliant black-box e-mail server, with built-in anti-spam, anti-virus, webmail, POP, IMAP, calendar, and LDAP routing options available.
System configuration and maintenance is done through a web interface, or through SSH or telnet access to a command line interpreter (CLI). Full access to the Unix-like Messaging Operating System (MOS) is not available. Depending on the model and configuration the appliances can be used as email routers, user mail servers, or as an all-in-one server. |
Adult album alternative | Adult album alternative (also triple-A, AAA, or adult alternative) is a radio format. Its roots trace to both the "classic album stations of the ’70s as well as the alternative rock format that developed in the ’80s." |
Autoload | In computer programming, autoloading is the capability of loading and linking portions of a program from mass storage automatically when needed, so that the programmer is not required to define or include those portions of the program explicitly. Many high-level programming languages include autoload capabilities, which sacrifice some run-time speed for ease of coding and speed of initial compilation/linking. |
Tropospheric scatter | Tropospheric scatter, also known as troposcatter, is a method of communicating with microwave radio signals over considerable distances – often up to 500 kilometres (310 mi) and further depending on frequency of operation, equipment type, terrain, and climate factors. This method of propagation uses the tropospheric scatter phenomenon, where radio waves at UHF and SHF frequencies are randomly scattered as they pass through the upper layers of the troposphere. Radio signals are transmitted in a narrow beam aimed just above the horizon in the direction of the receiver station. As the signals pass through the troposphere, some of the energy is scattered back toward the Earth, allowing the receiver station to pick up the signal.Normally, signals in the microwave frequency range travel in straight lines, and so are limited to line-of-sight applications, in which the receiver can be 'seen' by the transmitter. Communication distances are limited by the visual horizon to around 48–64 kilometres (30–40 mi). Troposcatter allows microwave communication beyond the horizon. It was developed in the 1950s and used for military communications until communications satellites largely replaced it in the 1970s. |
Edwards equation | The Edwards equation in organic chemistry is a two-parameter equation for correlating nucleophilic reactivity, as defined by relative rate constants, with the basicity of the nucleophile (relative to protons) and its polarizability. This equation was first developed by John O. Edwards in 1954 and later revised based on additional work in 1956.The general idea is that most nucleophiles are also good bases because the concentration of negatively charged electron density that defines a nucleophile will strongly attract positively charged protons, which is the definition of a base according to Brønsted–Lowry acid-base theory. Additionally, highly polarizable nucleophiles will have greater nucleophilic character than suggested by their basicity because their electron density can be shifted with relative ease to concentrate in one area. |
Eating your own dog food | Eating your own dog food or "dogfooding" is the practice of using one's own products or services. This can be a way for an organization to test its products in real-world usage using product management techniques. Hence dogfooding can act as quality control, and eventually a kind of testimonial advertising. Once in the market, dogfooding can demonstrate developers' confidence in their own products. |
Proceedings of the Combustion Institute | The Proceedings of the Combustion Institute are the proceedings of the biennial Combustion Symposium put on by The Combustion Institute. The publication contains the most significant contributions in fundamentals and applications fundamental research of combustion science combustion phenomena. Research papers and invited topical reviews are included on topics of reaction kinetics, soot, PAH and other large molecules, diagnostics, laminar flames, turbulent flames, heterogenous combustion, spray and droplet combustion, detonations, explosions & supersonic combustion, fire research, stationary combustion systems, internal combustion engine and gas turbine combustion, and new technology concepts. The editors-in-chief are Daniel C. Haworth (Pennsylvania State University) and Terese Løvås (no) (Norwegian University of Science and Technology). |
Indoor venues in Sweden | These venues are multi-used for indoor games, such as ice hockey, bandy, handball and floorball. Concerts and exhibitions are shown when the venues are not in use. Some of the venues are used in the national league in respectively sport.
== Venues == |
Retarded position | Einstein's equations admit gravity wave-like solutions. In the case of a moving point-like mass and in the linearized limit of a weak-gravity approximation these solutions of the Einstein equations are known as the Liénard–Wiechert gravitational potentials. Wave-like solutions (variations) in gravitational field at any point of space at some instant of time t are generated by the mass taken in the preceding (or retarded) instant of time s < t on its world-line at a vertex of the null cone connecting the mass and the field point. The position of the mass that generates the field is called the retarded position and the Liénard–Wiechert potentials are called the retarded potentials. Gravitational waves caused by acceleration of a mass appear to come from the position and direction of the mass at the time it was accelerated (the retarded time and position). The retarded time and the retarded position of the mass are a direct consequence of the finite value of the speed of gravity, the speed with which gravitational waves propagate in space. |
Devil's torture chamber | The Devil's Torture Chamber is a magic stage illusion of the classic type involving a female magician's assistant in a large box and is probably best categorised as a penetration or restoration-type illusion. |
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