source stringlengths 1 149 ⌀ | text stringlengths 18 204k |
|---|---|
File eXchange Protocol | File eXchange Protocol (FXP or FXSP) is a method of data transfer which uses FTP to transfer data from one remote server to another (inter-server) without routing this data through the client's connection. Conventional FTP involves a single server and a single client; all data transmission is done between these two. In the FXP session, a client maintains a standard FTP connection to two servers, and can direct either server to connect to the other to initiate a data transfer. The advantage of using FXP over FTP is evident when a high-bandwidth server demands resources from another high-bandwidth server, but only a low-bandwidth client, such as a network administrator working away from location, has the authority to access the resources on both servers. |
Bathybius haeckelii | Bathybius haeckelii was a substance that British biologist Thomas Henry Huxley discovered and initially believed to be a form of primordial matter, a source of all organic life. He later admitted his mistake when it proved to be just the product of an inorganic chemical process (precipitation).
In 1868 Huxley studied an old sample of mud from the Atlantic seafloor taken in 1857. When he first examined it, he had found only protozoan cells and placed the sample into a jar of alcohol to preserve it. Now he noticed that the sample contained an albuminous slime that appeared to be criss-crossed with veins.
Huxley thought he had discovered a new organic substance and named it Bathybius haeckelii, in honor of German biologist Ernst Haeckel. Haeckel had theorized about Urschleim ("primordial slime"), a protoplasm from which all life had originated. Huxley thought Bathybius could be that protoplasm, a missing link (in modern terms) between inorganic matter and organic life. |
Tephrochronology | Tephrochronology is a geochronological technique that uses discrete layers of tephra—volcanic ash from a single eruption—to create a chronological framework in which paleoenvironmental or archaeological records can be placed. Such an established event provides a "tephra horizon". The premise of the technique is that each volcanic event produces ash with a unique chemical "fingerprint" that allows the deposit to be identified across the area affected by fallout. Thus, once the volcanic event has been independently dated, the tephra horizon will act as time marker. It is a variant of the basic geological technique of stratigraphy. |
TAP1 | Transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAP1 gene. A member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter family, it is also known as ABCB2. |
DeepStack | DeepStack is an artificial intelligence computer program designed to play two-player poker, specifically heads up no-limit Texas hold 'em. It is the first computer program to outplay human professionals in this game. |
Kraton (polymer) | Kraton is the trade name given to a number of high-performance elastomers manufactured by Kraton Polymers, and used as synthetic replacements for rubber. Kraton polymers offer many of the properties of natural rubber, such as flexibility, high traction, and sealing abilities, but with increased resistance to heat, weathering, and chemicals. |
Lilo Pozzo | Lilo Danielle Pozzo is an American chemical engineer who is a professor of chemical engineering at the University of Washington. Her research considers the development, measurement and control of molecular self-assembly. She is interested in the realization of materials for energy storage and conversion. Pozzo serves on the editorial board of the Royal Society of Chemistry journal Digital Discovery. |
Riffle shuffle permutation | In the mathematics of permutations and the study of shuffling playing cards, a riffle shuffle permutation is one of the permutations of a set of n items that can be obtained by a single riffle shuffle, in which a sorted deck of n cards is cut into two packets and then the two packets are interleaved (e.g. by moving cards one at a time from the bottom of one or the other of the packets to the top of the sorted deck). Beginning with an ordered set (1 rising sequence), mathematically a riffle shuffle is defined as a permutation on this set containing 1 or 2 rising sequences. The permutations with 1 rising sequence are the identity permutations. |
Sensitive compartmented information | Sensitive compartmented information (SCI) is a type of United States classified information concerning or derived from sensitive intelligence sources, methods, or analytical processes. All SCI must be handled within formal access control systems established by the Director of National Intelligence.SCI is not a classification; SCI clearance has sometimes been called "above Top Secret", but information at any classification level may exist within an SCI control system. When "decompartmentalized", this information is treated the same as collateral information at the same classification level. |
Chiasmus | In rhetoric, chiasmus ( ky-AZ-məs) or, less commonly, chiasm (Latin term from Greek χίασμα, "crossing", from the Greek χιάζω, chiázō, "to shape like the letter Χ"), is a "reversal of grammatical structures in successive phrases or clauses – but no repetition of words".A similar device, antimetabole, also involves a reversal of grammatical structures in successive phrases or clauses in an A-B-B-A configuration, but unlike chiasmus, presents a repetition of words. |
Rheumatoid vasculitis | Rheumatoid vasculitis is skin condition that is a typical feature of rheumatoid arthritis, presenting as peripheral vascular lesions that are localized purpura, cutaneous ulceration, and gangrene of the distal parts of the extremities. |
Bicoid 3′-UTR regulatory element | The bicoid 3′-UTR regulatory element is an mRNA regulatory element that controls the gene expression of the bicoid protein in fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster.
The structured RNA element consists of four domains (denoted as II, III, IV and V) in the 3′UTR of the mRNA. It is essential for the correct transport and localisation of bicoid mRNA during oocyte and embryo differentiation, which has been studied most thoroughly in the development of Drosophila melanogaster (fruitfly) larvae. |
Ruth Stephens Gani Medal | The Ruth Stephens Gani Medal is awarded annually by the Australian Academy of Science to recognise research in human genetics.The award honours the contributions by Ruth Stephens Gani to human cytogenetics.It is an early career award normally for Australian resident nominees up to ten years work post doctorate.Below are a list of recipients from 2008-2018 in the field: |
FLEPia | The Fujitsu FLEPia is a discontinued e-reader capable of displaying up to 260,000 colors. Released in Japan in 2009. |
OpenEV | OpenEV is an open-source geospatial toolkit and a frontend to that toolkit. OpenEV was developed using Python and uses the GDAL library to display georeferenced images and elevation data. The application also has image editing capabilities and uses OpenGL to display elevation data in three-dimensions. |
11β-Hydroxyandrostenedione | 11β-Hydroxyandrostenedione (11β-OHA4), also known as 11β-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, is an endogenous, naturally occurring steroid and androgen prohormone that is produced primarily, if not exclusively, in the adrenal glands. It is closely related to adrenosterone (11-ketoandrostenedione; 11-KA4), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), and 11-ketodihydrotestosterone (11-KDHT), which are also produced in the adrenal glands.It can be used as a biomarker for guiding primary aldosteronism subtyping in adrenal vein sampling where blood samples are taken from both adrenal glands to compare the amount of hormone made by each gland. |
Zebra Technologies | Zebra Technologies Corporation is an American mobile computing company specializing in technology used to sense, analyze, and act in real time, sometimes known as smart data capture. The company manufactures and sells marking, tracking, and computer printing technologies. Its products include mobile computers and tablets, software, thermal barcode label and receipt printers, RFID smart label printers/encoders/fixed & handheld readers/antennas, autonomous mobile robots (AMR’s) & machine vision (MV), and fixed industrial scanning hardware & software. |
Van der Corput inequality | In mathematics, the van der Corput inequality is a corollary of the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality that is useful in the study of correlations among vectors, and hence random variables. It is also useful in the study of equidistributed sequences, for example in the Weyl equidistribution estimate. Loosely stated, the van der Corput inequality asserts that if a unit vector v in an inner product space V is strongly correlated with many unit vectors u1,…,un∈V , then many of the pairs ui,uj must be strongly correlated with each other. Here, the notion of correlation is made precise by the inner product of the space V : when the absolute value of ⟨u,v⟩ is close to 1 , then u and v are considered to be strongly correlated. (More generally, if the vectors involved are not unit vectors, then strong correlation means that |⟨u,v⟩|≈‖u‖‖v‖ .) |
T-antenna | A ‘T’-antenna, ‘T’-aerial, or flat-top antenna is a monopole radio antenna consisting of one or more horizontal wires suspended between two supporting radio masts or buildings and insulated from them at the ends. A vertical wire is connected to the center of the horizontal wires and hangs down close to the ground, connected to the transmitter or receiver. Combined, the top and vertical sections form a ‘T’ shape, hence the name. The transmitter power is applied, or the receiver is connected, between the bottom of the vertical wire and a ground connection. |
Floral Jamming | Floral Jamming is a floral design activity originating from Hong Kong, where participants design their own original sculpture with floral materials. The floral designer provides all materials required for the floral display including flowers and foliage. Participants select the materials to create their own floral creation within a set time.
Floral Jamming The mission of Floral Jamming is to promote floral art to the general public. Participants of Floral Jamming are usually beginners who have little to no experience in floral arrangement or floral design. A key feature of Floral Jamming is that the sessions must be conducted by a floral designer with professional certification.
Through Floral Jamming, these participants can assemble a final floral product under professional guidance without having taken any classes. During a Floral Jamming session, the floral designer only provides guidance upon participants’ request. Based on the individual participants’ design, the floral designer could make suggestions on how to refine the arrangement.
Floral Jamming is also educational. It can introduce concepts of nature and design to young participants. It is an activity that can enhance family bonding and interpersonal skills.
Many Floral Jammers have commented that the process of focusing on producing their own individual creation has helped them to distress.
Origin The first Floral Jamming was held at Tallensia Floral Art, Hong Kong on July 1, 2011.
Founder Floral Jamming was founded by Lowdi Kwan, a floral designer with certification from the American Institute of Floral Designers in 1996.
Benefits of Floral Jamming Psychological research has shown that the art of floral arrangement can help relieve mood swings, improve cognitive and perceptive functions and enhance social skills.Bearing this in mind Kwan thought of the concept of Floral Jamming. |
Single-minded agent | In computational economics, a single-minded agent is an agent who wants only a very specific combination of items. The valuation function of such an agent assigns a positive value only to a specific set of items, and to all sets that contain it. It assigns a zero value to all other sets. A single-minded agent regards the set of items he wants as purely complementary goods. Various computational problems related to allocation of items are easier when all the agents are known to be single-minded. For example: Revenue-maximizing auctions. |
Menthol | Menthol is an organic compound, more specifically a monoterpenoid, made synthetically or obtained from the oils of corn mint, peppermint, or other mints. It is a waxy, clear or white crystalline substance, which is solid at room temperature and melts slightly above.
The main form of menthol occurring in nature is (−)-menthol, which is assigned the (1R,2S,5R) configuration. Menthol has local anesthetic and counterirritant qualities, and it is widely used to relieve minor throat irritation. Menthol also acts as a weak κ-opioid receptor agonist. |
Exchange transfusion | An exchange transfusion is a blood transfusion in which the patient's blood or components of it are exchanged with (replaced by) other blood or blood products. The patient's blood is removed and replaced by donated blood or blood components. This exchange transfusion can be performed manually or using a machine (apheresis).Most blood transfusions involve adding blood or blood products without removing any blood, these are also known as simple transfusions or top-up transfusions.Exchange transfusion is used in the treatment of a number of diseases, including sickle-cell disease and hemolytic disease of the newborn. Partial exchange might be required for polycythemia. |
Ixazomib | Ixazomib (trade name Ninlaro) is a drug for the treatment of multiple myeloma, a type of white blood cell cancer, in combination with other drugs. It is taken by mouth in the form of capsules.
Common side effects include diarrhea, constipation and low platelet count. Like the older bortezomib (which can only be given by injection), it acts as a proteasome inhibitor, has orphan drug status in the US and Europe, and is a boronic acid derivative.
The drug was developed by Takeda. In the US, it is approved since November 2015, and in the EU since November 2016. |
Y-SNP | A Y-SNP is a single-nucleotide polymorphism on the Y chromosome. Y-SNPs are often used in paternal genealogical DNA testing. |
CM Browser | CM Browser (Chinese: 猎豹安全浏览器) was a web browser developed by Cheetah Mobile. The browser is based on Chromium and supports both the WebKit and Trident browser engines. Jinshan Network claims that CM Browser is the first secure dual-engine browser with a "browser intrusion prevention system".On June 3, 2013, CM Browser was released on Android and iOS. |
Leyla Soleymani | Leyla Soleymani is a scientist and Canada Research Chair at McMaster University's faculty of engineering. Her research includes the development of advanced materials for biosensing and repellent surfaces. |
Curvature of Space and Time, with an Introduction to Geometric Analysis | Curvature of Space and Time, with an Introduction to Geometric Analysis is an undergraduate-level textbook for mathematics and physics students on differential geometry, focusing on applications to general relativity. It was written by Iva Stavrov, based on a course she taught at the 2013 Park City Mathematics Institute and subsequently at Lewis & Clark College, and was published in 2020 by the American Mathematical Society, as part of their Student Mathematical Library book series. |
Leukocyte adhesion molecule deficiency | Leukocyte adhesion molecule deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by recurrent bacterial and fungal infections and impaired neutrophil migration.: 87 |
Braking action | Braking action in aviation is a description of how easily an aircraft can stop after landing on a runway. Either pilots or airport management can report the braking action according to the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration.When reporting braking action, any of the following terms may be used: Good; Medium; Poor; Nil - bad or no braking action. If an air traffic controller receives a braking action report worse than good, a Pilot Report (PIREP) must be completed and an advisory must be included in the Automatic Terminal Information Service ("Braking Action Advisories are in effect"). As of October 2019, the FAA has used mu values to describe braking conditions |
National coat of arms | A national coat of arms is a symbol which denotes an independent state in the form of a heraldic achievement. While a national flag is usually used by the population at large and is flown outside and on ships, a national coat of arms is normally considered a symbol of the government or (especially in monarchies) the head of state personally and tends to be used in print, on armorial ware, and as a wall decoration in official buildings. The royal arms of a monarchy, which may be identical to the national arms, are sometimes described as arms of dominion or arms of sovereignty.An important use for national coats of arms is as the main symbol on the covers of passports, the document used internationally to prove the citizenship of a person. Another use for national coats of arms is as a symbol on coins of the associated state for general circulation. |
Swingman | A swingman is an athlete capable of playing multiple positions in their sport. |
Unchained camera technique | The unchained camera technique (entfesselte Kamera in German) was an innovation by cinematographer Karl Freund that allowed for filmmakers to get shots from cameras in motion enabling them to use pan shots, tracking shots, tilts, crane shots, etc.Though films such as 1923's Sylvester: Tragödie einer Nach pre-date it, the technique was expanded and popularized by Freund in the 1924 silent film, The Last Laugh, and is arguably the most important stylistic innovation of the 20th century, setting the stage for some of the most commonly used cinematic techniques of modern contemporary cinema. |
Software token | A software token (a.k.a. soft token) is a piece of a two-factor authentication security device that may be used to authorize the use of computer services. Software tokens are stored on a general-purpose electronic device such as a desktop computer, laptop, PDA, or mobile phone and can be duplicated. (Contrast hardware tokens, where the credentials are stored on a dedicated hardware device and therefore cannot be duplicated — absent physical invasion of the device) Because software tokens are something one does not physically possess, they are exposed to unique threats based on duplication of the underlying cryptographic material - for example, computer viruses and software attacks. Both hardware and software tokens are vulnerable to bot-based man-in-the-middle attacks, or to simple phishing attacks in which the one-time password provided by the token is solicited, and then supplied to the genuine website in a timely manner. Software tokens do have benefits: there is no physical token to carry, they do not contain batteries that will run out, and they are cheaper than hardware tokens. |
Web-Based Enterprise Management | In computing, Web-Based Enterprise Management (WBEM) comprises a set of systems-management technologies developed to unify the management of distributed computing environments. The WBEM initiative, initially sponsored in 1996 by BMC Software, Cisco Systems, Compaq Computer, Intel, and Microsoft, is now widely adopted. WBEM is based on Internet standards and Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) open standards: Common Information Model (CIM) infrastructure and schema CIM-XML CIM operations over HTTP WS-Management for web services CIM Operations over RESTful ServicesAlthough the name labels WBEM as "web-based", it is not necessarily dependent on any particular user interface (see below). Other systems-management approaches include remote shells, proprietary solutions and IETF standardized network-management architectures like the SNMP and Netconf. |
Flame of Hope (Special Olympics) | The Flame of Hope is the symbol of the Special Olympics Games. |
Virtual design and construction | Virtual design and construction (VDC) is the management of integrated multi-disciplinary performance models of design–construction projects, including the product (facilities), work processes, and organization of the design – construction – operation team to support explicit and public business objectives. This is usually achieved creating a digital twin of the project, in where to manage the information. |
Pseudo Stirling cycle | The pseudo Stirling cycle, also known as the adiabatic Stirling cycle, is a thermodynamic cycle with an adiabatic working volume and isothermal heater and cooler, in contrast to the ideal Stirling cycle with an isothermal working space. The working fluid has no bearing on the maximum thermal efficiencies of the pseudo Stirling cycle.Practical Stirling engines usually use a adiabatic Stirling cycle as the ideal Stirling cycle can not be practically implemented. |
Sump buster | A sump buster is a device installed within a bus route to limit that thoroughfare to buses. It discourages traffic from entering a lane by promising to destroy the oil pan of any vehicle with insufficient ground clearance to get over it, making them similar in use (but not design) to rising bollards. A sump buster can also be known as a "sump breaker" or "sump trap". Sump busters were first used in the 1980s. |
Endopeptidase La | Endopeptidase La (EC 3.4.21.53, ATP-dependent serine proteinase, lon proteinase, protease La, proteinase La, ATP-dependent lon proteinase, ATP-dependent protease La, Escherichia coli proteinase La, Escherichia coli serine proteinase La, gene lon protease, gene lon proteins, PIM1 protease, PIM1 proteinase, serine protease La) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses hydrolysis of proteins in the presence of ATP.
This enzyme is a product of the lon gene in Escherichia coli. |
Michael Brin Prize in Dynamical Systems | The Michael Brin Prize in Dynamical Systems, abbreviated as the Brin Prize, is awarded to mathematicians who have made outstanding advances in the field of dynamical systems and are within 14 years of their PhD. The prize is endowed by and named after Michael Brin, whose son Sergey Brin, is a co-founder of Google. Michael Brin is a retired mathematician at the University of Maryland and a specialist in dynamical systems.The first prize was awarded in 2008, between 2009 and 2017 it has been awarded bi-annually, and since 2017 annually. Artur Avila, the 2011 awardee, went on to win the Fields Medal in 2014. |
History of radio | The early history of radio is the history of technology that produces and uses radio instruments that use radio waves. Within the timeline of radio, many people contributed theory and inventions in what became radio. Radio development began as "wireless telegraphy". Later radio history increasingly involves matters of broadcasting. |
Chmod | In Unix and Unix-like operating systems, chmod is the command and system call used to change the access permissions and the special mode flags (the setuid, setgid, and sticky flags) of file system objects (files and directories). Collectively these were originally called its modes, and the name chmod was chosen as an abbreviation of change mode. |
Antiparticle | In particle physics, every type of particle is associated with an antiparticle with the same mass but with opposite physical charges (such as electric charge). For example, the antiparticle of the electron is the positron (also known as an antielectron). While the electron has a negative electric charge, the positron has a positive electric charge, and is produced naturally in certain types of radioactive decay. The opposite is also true: the antiparticle of the positron is the electron. |
Internet Explorer 6 | Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 (IE6) is a graphical web browser developed by Microsoft for Windows operating systems. Released on August 24, 2001, it is the sixth, and by now discontinued, version of Internet Explorer and the successor to Internet Explorer 5. It was the default browser in Windows XP (later default was Internet Explorer 8) and Windows Server 2003 and can replace previous versions of Internet Explorer on Windows NT 4.0, Windows 98, Windows 2000 and Windows ME but unlike version 5, this version does not support Windows 95 or earlier versions. IE6 SP2+ and IE7 were only included in (IE6 SP2+) or available (IE7) for Windows XP SP2+. |
Play money | Play money is noticeably fake bills or coins intended to be used as toy currency, especially for classroom instruction or as an in-game currency in board games such as Monopoly, rather than currency in a legitimate exchange market. Play money coins and bills are collected widely. They can be found made from metals, cardboard or, more frequently today, plastic. For card games such as poker, casino tokens are commonly used instead. |
Blowhole (geology) | In geology, a blowhole or marine geyser is formed as sea caves grow landward and upward into vertical shafts and expose themselves toward the surface, which can result in hydraulic compression of seawater that is released through a port from the top of the blowhole. The geometry of the cave and blowhole along with tide levels and swell conditions determine the height of the spray. |
Mer (software distribution) | Mer was a free and open-source software distribution, targeted at hardware vendors to serve as a middleware for Linux kernel-based mobile-oriented operating systems. It is a fork of MeeGo. |
Photograph | A photograph (also known as a photo, image, or picture) is an image created by light falling on a photosensitive surface, usually photographic film or an electronic image sensor, such as a CCD or a CMOS chip. Most photographs are now created using a smartphone or camera, which uses a lens to focus the scene's visible wavelengths of light into a reproduction of what the human eye would see. The process and practice of creating such images is called photography. |
Phosphatidylinositol deacylase | The enzyme phosphatidylinositol deacylase (EC 3.1.1.52) catalyzes the reaction 1-phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol + H2O ⇌ 1-acylglycerophosphoinositol + a carboxylateThis enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds. The systematic name is 1-phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 2-acylhydrolase. Other names in common use include phosphatidylinositol phospholipase A2, and phospholipase A2. |
Lenos Trigeorgis | Lenos Trigeorgis is the Bank of Cyprus Chair Professor of Finance in the School of Economics and Management, University of Cyprus. He is considered a leading authority on capital budgeting and strategy, having pioneered the field of real options, and having authored several books on related topics. |
Insulin like 6 | Insulin like 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the INSL6 gene. |
Solipsism | Solipsism ( (listen); from Latin solus 'alone', and ipse 'self') is the philosophical idea that only one's mind is sure to exist. As an epistemological position, solipsism holds that knowledge of anything outside one's own mind is unsure; the external world and other minds cannot be known and might not exist outside the mind. |
Sarah Pallas | Sarah L. Pallas is an American neuroscientist and a Professor of biology at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. She is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Sciences (AAAS) known for her cross-modal plasticity work and map compression studies in the visual and auditory cortical pathways. |
Hydrocortisone/oxytetracycline | Hydrocortisone/oxytetracycline (trade name Terra-Cortril) is a combination drug, consisting of the anti-inflammatory drug hydrocortisone and the antibiotic drug oxytetracycline.
It is indicated, for example, in steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions where bacterial infection or a risk of bacterial ocular infection exists. |
Bioelectromagnetics | Bioelectromagnetics, also known as bioelectromagnetism, is the study of the interaction between electromagnetic fields and biological entities. Areas of study include electromagnetic fields produced by living cells, tissues or organisms, the effects of man-made sources of electromagnetic fields like mobile phones, and the application of electromagnetic radiation toward therapies for the treatment of various conditions. |
Fast protein liquid chromatography | Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), is a form of liquid chromatography that is often used to analyze or purify mixtures of proteins. As in other forms of chromatography, separation is possible because the different components of a mixture have different affinities for two materials, a moving fluid (the mobile phase) and a porous solid (the stationary phase). In FPLC the mobile phase is an aqueous solution, or "buffer". The buffer flow rate is controlled by a positive-displacement pump and is normally kept constant, while the composition of the buffer can be varied by drawing fluids in different proportions from two or more external reservoirs. The stationary phase is a resin composed of beads, usually of cross-linked agarose, packed into a cylindrical glass or plastic column. FPLC resins are available in a wide range of bead sizes and surface ligands depending on the application. In the most common FPLC strategy, ion exchange, a resin is chosen that the protein of interest will bind to the resin by a charge interaction while in buffer A (the running buffer) but become dissociated and return to solution in buffer B (the elution buffer). A mixture containing one or more proteins of interest is dissolved in 100% buffer A and pumped into the column. The proteins of interest bind to the resin while other components are carried out in the buffer. The total flow rate of the buffer is kept constant; however, the proportion of buffer B (the "elution" buffer) is gradually increased from 0% to 100% according to a programmed change in concentration (the "gradient"). At some point during this process each of the bound proteins dissociates and appears in the eluant. The eluant passes through two detectors which measure salt concentration (by conductivity) and protein concentration (by absorption of ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 280nm). As each protein is eluted, it appears in the eluant as a "peak" in protein concentration, and can be collected for further use.FPLC was developed and marketed in Sweden by Pharmacia in 1982, and was originally called fast performance liquid chromatography to contrast it with HPLC or high-performance liquid chromatography. FPLC is generally applied only to proteins; however, because of the wide choice of resins and buffers it has broad applications. In contrast to HPLC, the buffer pressure used is relatively low, typically less than 5 bar, but the flow rate is relatively high, typically 1-5 ml/min. FPLC can be readily scaled from analysis of milligrams of mixtures in columns with a total volume of 5 ml or less to industrial production of kilograms of purified protein in columns with volumes of many liters. When used for analysis of mixtures, the eluant is usually collected in fractions of 1-5 ml which can be further analyzed (for example, by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry). When used for protein purification there may be only two collection containers: one for the purified product and one for waste. |
Injection mold construction | Injection mold construction is the process of creating molds that are used to perform injection molding operations using an injection molding machine. These are generally used to produce plastic parts using a core and a cavity. |
Travelling exhibition | A travelling exhibition, also referred to as a "travelling exhibit" or a "touring exhibition", is a type of exhibition that is presented at more than one venue. |
Studia Quaternaria | Studia Quaternaria is a peer-reviewed open access scholarly journal publishing research articles on quaternary science. It is a journal published by the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN). The current editor-in-chief is Leszek Marks. It changed name from Quaternary Studies in Poland to the current title in the year 2000. |
Hypotaurocyamine kinase | In enzymology, a hypotaurocyamine kinase (EC 2.7.3.6) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + hypotaurocyamine ⇌ ADP + Nomega-phosphohypotaurocyamineThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and hypotaurocyamine, whereas its two products are ADP and Nomega-phosphohypotaurocyamine.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with a nitrogenous group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:hypotaurocyamine N-phosphotransferase. |
Preoptic anterior hypothalamus | POAH is an acronym for preoptic anterior hypothalamus, the part of the brain that senses core body temperature and regulates it to about 36.8 °C (98.6 °F). |
Con Kolivas | Con Kolivas is a Greek-Australian anaesthetist. He has worked as a computer programmer on the Linux kernel and on the development of the cryptographic currency mining software CGMiner. His Linux contributions include patches for the kernel to improve its desktop performance, particularly reducing I/O impact. |
Valsalva device | The Valsalva device is a device used in spacesuits, some full face diving masks and diving helmets to allow astronauts and commercial divers to equalize the pressure in their ears by performing the Valsalva maneuver inside the suit without using their hands to block their nose. Astronaut Drew Feustel has described it as "a spongy device called a Valsalva that is typically used to block the nose in case a pressure readjustment is needed."In November 2011 ESA astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti posted on Twitter a picture of her demonstrating the use of the Valsalva device in the Sokol space suit during suit pressurization.The Valsalva device has also been used for other purposes. On 25 May 2011, NASA reported that during the second spacewalk of Space Shuttle mission STS-134, Feustel was able to clear tears from his eye by wiggling down far enough in his Extravehicular Mobility Unit to use the Valsalva device in his suit as a sponge to clear up tears caused because anti-fogging agent (liquid soap) came free from the inside of the helmet and floated into his eye. |
Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 downloadable content | Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 is a 2011 first-person shooter video game, jointly developed by Infinity Ward and Sledgehammer Games and published by Activision. The game was released worldwide in November 2011 for Microsoft Windows, the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii, and OS X. It is the sequel to Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 (2009), serving as the third and final installment in the original Modern Warfare trilogy and the eighth Call of Duty installment overall. A separate version for the Nintendo DS was developed by n-Space, while Treyarch developed the game's Wii port. In Japan, Square Enix published the game with a separate subtitled and dubbed version.The game's campaign follows Modern Warfare 2 and begins right after the events of its final mission. Similar to Modern Warfare 2, it is centered around Task Force 141, which contains Captain Price, Soap MacTavish, and a newly introduced playable character, Yuri. Alongside the Delta Force and Special Air Service, they hunt Vladimir Makarov (the main antagonist of the trilogy), a Russian terrorist who leads the Russian Ultranationalist party. He leads several terror attacks across Europe, triggering a large-scale war between the Ultranationalists and friendly forces. For the game's multiplayer mode, new mode types and killstreak choices were brought in. Improvements were also made to the mode that solved issues that appeared in Modern Warfare 2. |
Rayner (company) | Rayner designs and manufactures intraocular lenses and proprietary injection devices for use in cataract surgery. With Sir Harold Ridley, they were pioneers in the field from 1949 when Ridley successfully implanted the first intraocular lens (IOL) at St Thomas' Hospital, London. |
Unicity (data analysis) | Unicity ( εp ) is a risk metric for measuring the re-identifiability of high-dimensional anonymous data. First introduced in 2013, unicity is measured by the number of points p needed to uniquely identify an individual in a data set. The fewer points needed, the more unique the traces are and the easier they would be to re-identify using outside information. |
Looking Glass (UNIX desktop) | Looking Glass is a desktop environment for computers running the UNIX operating system. Developed by Visix Software, it was sold commercially until Visix went out of business.
Looking Glass was used as the desktop software bundled with INTERACTIVE UNIX System and Caldera OpenLinux. |
Google Translator Toolkit | Google Translator Toolkit was an online computer-assisted translation tool (CAT)—a web application designed to permit translators to edit the translations that Google Translate automatically generated using its own and/or user-uploaded files of appropriate glossaries and translation memory. The toolkit was designed to let translators organize their work and use shared translations, glossaries and translation memories, and was compatible with Microsoft Word, HTML, and other formats. |
Maltokinase | Maltokinase (EC 2.7.1.175) is an enzyme with systematic name ATP:alpha-maltose 1-phosphotransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction ATP + maltose ⇌ ADP + alpha-maltose 1-phosphateThis enzyme requires Mg2+ for activity. |
Simmondsin | Simmondsin is a component of jojoba seeds (pronounced "ho-HO-bah") (Simmondsia chinensis). While it had been considered toxic due to jojoba seed meal causing weight loss in animals, in recent years its appetite suppressant effect has also been researched as a potential treatment for obesity. It is thought to reduce appetite by increasing levels of cholecystokinin. |
Cornell's sign | Cornell's sign is a clinical sign in which scratching along the inner side of the extensor hallucis longus tendon elicits an extensor plantar reflex. It is found in patients with pyramidal tract lesions, and is one of a number of Babinski-like responses. |
Free monoid | In abstract algebra, the free monoid on a set is the monoid whose elements are all the finite sequences (or strings) of zero or more elements from that set, with string concatenation as the monoid operation and with the unique sequence of zero elements, often called the empty string and denoted by ε or λ, as the identity element. The free monoid on a set A is usually denoted A∗. The free semigroup on A is the subsemigroup of A∗ containing all elements except the empty string. It is usually denoted A+.More generally, an abstract monoid (or semigroup) S is described as free if it is isomorphic to the free monoid (or semigroup) on some set.As the name implies, free monoids and semigroups are those objects which satisfy the usual universal property defining free objects, in the respective categories of monoids and semigroups. It follows that every monoid (or semigroup) arises as a homomorphic image of a free monoid (or semigroup). The study of semigroups as images of free semigroups is called combinatorial semigroup theory. |
Pulmonary hypoplasia | Pulmonary hypoplasia is incomplete development of the lungs, resulting in an abnormally low number or small size of bronchopulmonary segments or alveoli. A congenital malformation, it most often occurs secondary to other fetal abnormalities that interfere with normal development of the lungs. Primary (idiopathic) pulmonary hypoplasia is rare and usually not associated with other maternal or fetal abnormalities.
Incidence of pulmonary hypoplasia ranges from 9–11 per 10,000 live births and 14 per 10,000 births. Pulmonary hypoplasia is a relatively common cause of neonatal death. It also is a common finding in stillbirths, although not regarded as a cause of these. |
Regression diagnostic | In statistics, a regression diagnostic is one of a set of procedures available for regression analysis that seek to assess the validity of a model in any of a number of different ways. This assessment may be an exploration of the model's underlying statistical assumptions, an examination of the structure of the model by considering formulations that have fewer, more or different explanatory variables, or a study of subgroups of observations, looking for those that are either poorly represented by the model (outliers) or that have a relatively large effect on the regression model's predictions. |
Dephasing rate SP formula | The SP formula for the dephasing rate Γφ of a particle that moves in a fluctuating environment unifies various results that have been obtained, notably in condensed matter physics, with regard to the motion of electrons in a metal. The general case requires to take into account not only the temporal correlations but also the spatial correlations of the environmental fluctuations. These can be characterized by the spectral form factor S~(q,ω) , while the motion of the particle is characterized by its power spectrum P~(q,ω) . Consequently, at finite temperature the expression for the dephasing rate takes the following form that involves S and P functions: Γφ=∫dq∫dω2πS~(q,ω)P~(−q,−ω) Due to inherent limitations of the semiclassical (stationary phase) approximation, the physically correct procedure is to use the non-symmetrized quantum versions of S~(q,ω) and P~(q,ω) . The argument is based on the analogy of the above expression with the Fermi-golden-rule calculation of the transitions that are induced by the system-environment interaction. |
Schwartz–Bruhat function | In mathematics, a Schwartz–Bruhat function, named after Laurent Schwartz and François Bruhat, is a complex valued function on a locally compact abelian group, such as the adeles, that generalizes a Schwartz function on a real vector space. A tempered distribution is defined as a continuous linear functional on the space of Schwartz–Bruhat functions. |
Modern psychoanalysis | Modern psychoanalysis is the term used by Hyman Spotnitz to describe the techniques he developed for the treatment of narcissistic (also called preverbal or preoedipal) disorders. |
Secure Shell | The Secure Shell Protocol (SSH) is a cryptographic network protocol for operating network services securely over an unsecured network. Its most notable applications are remote login and command-line execution. |
Human jaw shrinkage | Human jaw shrinkage is the phenomenon of continued size reduction of the human mandible and maxilla over the past 12,000 to 15,000 years. Modern human lifestyles and diets are vastly different now from what they were for most of human evolutionary history. Human jaws, as well as oral cavities, have been shrinking ever since the Neolithic agricultural revolution (approximately 12,000 years ago). This has been confirmed by bone remains dated to this time period. Researchers are able to infer the basic lifestyle practices of past cultures, enabling them to link jaw size with lifestyle practice/behaviors. Bones from burial sites of past hunter-gatherer societies are associated with larger jaws and mouths, while bones retrieved from former farming cultures have decreased jaw size. Bones from farming societies also indicate the presence of dental malocclusions, commonly known as non-straight teeth. Within recent centuries, as food has become more processed and soft in form, a rapid increase in non-straight teeth, smaller jaws, and mouths; a lack of space for wisdom teeth; and associated health conditions have been observed. Such conditions include sleep apnea, constricted airways, and decreased respiratory fitness. Medical professionals have been making similar observations and documenting them for hundreds of years. Changes in diet, lifestyle, and breathing patterns have led to maladaptive phenotypic expression in terms of morphological craniofacial development that starts in childhood but persists throughout the lifespan. |
Baby bumper headguard cap | A baby bumper headguard cap, also known as a falling cap, or pudding hat, is a protective hat worn by children learning to walk, to protect their heads in case of falls.Known as a pudding or black pudding, a version used during the early 17th century until the late 18th century was usually open at the top and featured a sausage-shaped bumper roll that circled the head like a crown. It was fastened with straps under the chin. |
Plant LED incubator | A plant LED incubator is a chamber which can automatically control the environment of the plant. It can control the temperature, moisture, and especially light regime of the plant based on light emitting diodes (LEDs). LEDs have efficient electric lighting with desired wavelengths (Red+Blue) which support greenhouse production in a minimum time and with high quality and quantity. As LEDs are cool it helps plants to be placed as close as possible to light sources without overheating or scorching. This saves space for intense cultivation. It could provide the opportunity of greenhouse-produced fruits and vegetable to be available for the market more quickly and less expensively due to the effect of LED lighting on earliness, compactness and quality of products. |
Durham tube | Durham tubes are used in microbiology to detect production of gas by microorganisms. They are simply smaller test tubes inserted upside down in another test tube so they are freely movable. The culture media to be tested is then added to the larger tube and sterilized, which also eliminates the initial air gap produced when the tube is inserted upside down. The culture media typically contains a single substance to be tested with the organism, such as to determine whether an organism can ferment a particular carbohydrate. After inoculation and incubation, any gas that is produced will form a visible gas bubble inside the small tube. Litmus solution can also be added to the culture media to give a visual representation of pH changes that occur during the production of gas. The method was first reported in 1898 by British microbiologist Herbert Durham.One limitation of the Durham tube is that it does not allow for precise determination of the type of gas that is produced within the inner tube, or measurements of the quantity of gas produced. However, Durham argued that quantitive measurements are of limited value because of the culture solution will absorb some of the gas in unknown, variable proportions. Additionally, using Durham tubes to provide evidence of fermentation may not be able to detect slow- or weakly-fermenting organisms when the resultant carbon dioxide diffuses back into the solution as quickly as it is formed, so a negative test using Durham tubes does not indicate decisive physiological significance. |
C-clamp | A C-clamp or G-clamp or G-cramp is a type of clamp device typically used to hold a wood or metal workpiece, and often used in, but are not limited to, carpentry and welding. Often believed that these clamps are called "C" clamps because of their C-shaped frame, or also often called C-clamps or G-clamps because including the screw part, they are shaped like an uppercase letter G. However, in fact, they were originally called a carriage maker's clamp, or Carriage Clamp. |
Music technology (electronic and digital) | Digital music technology encompasses digital instruments, computers, electronic effects units, software, or digital audio equipment by a performer, composer, sound engineer, DJ, or record producer to produce, perform or record music. The term refers to electronic devices, instruments, computer hardware, and software used in performance, playback, recording, composition, mixing, analysis, and editing of music. |
Linear B Syllabary | Linear B Syllabary is a Unicode block containing characters for the syllabic writing of Mycenaean Greek. |
Verbosus | Verbosus is a browser-based LaTeX editor which allows a user to create and handle LaTeX projects in a browser. The graphical user interface (GUI) does deliberately not resemble non-browser-based Editors such as TeXworks. It was designed to function and being used in a browser.
Verbosus requires no installation of any software packages like MiKTeX, TeX Live, etc.
As it is the case in other non-browser-based Latex tools a PDF-Viewer is integrated which allows to generate a .pdf out of the Latex-Code. A preview is displayed on the side of the Latex Code. Additionally, the editor supports syntax highlighting which increases the readability as well as code completion.
The connection between the web browser and server is secured by using the HTTPS protocol which provides encryption and secure identification of the server. |
Khmaladze transformation | In statistics, the Khmaladze transformation is a mathematical tool used in constructing convenient goodness of fit tests for hypothetical distribution functions. More precisely, suppose X1,…,Xn are i.i.d., possibly multi-dimensional, random observations generated from an unknown probability distribution. A classical problem in statistics is to decide how well a given hypothetical distribution function F , or a given hypothetical parametric family of distribution functions {Fθ:θ∈Θ} , fits the set of observations. The Khmaladze transformation allows us to construct goodness of fit tests with desirable properties. It is named after Estate V. Khmaladze. |
Thermoreceptor | A thermoreceptor is a non-specialised sense receptor, or more accurately the receptive portion of a sensory neuron, that codes absolute and relative changes in temperature, primarily within the innocuous range. In the mammalian peripheral nervous system, warmth receptors are thought to be unmyelinated C-fibres (low conduction velocity), while those responding to cold have both C-fibers and thinly myelinated A delta fibers (faster conduction velocity). The adequate stimulus for a warm receptor is warming, which results in an increase in their action potential discharge rate. Cooling results in a decrease in warm receptor discharge rate. For cold receptors their firing rate increases during cooling and decreases during warming. Some cold receptors also respond with a brief action potential discharge to high temperatures, i.e. typically above 45 °C, and this is known as a paradoxical response to heat. The mechanism responsible for this behavior has not been determined. |
Software as a service | Software as a service (SaaS ) is a software licensing and delivery model in which software is licensed on a subscription basis and is centrally hosted. SaaS is also known as on-demand software, web-based software, or web-hosted software.SaaS is considered to be part of cloud computing, along with several other as a service business models. SaaS apps are typically accessed by users of a web browser (a thin client). SaaS became a common delivery model for many business applications, including office software, messaging software, payroll processing software, DBMS software, management software, CAD software, development software, gamification, virtualization, accounting, collaboration, customer relationship management (CRM), management information systems (MIS), enterprise resource planning (ERP), invoicing, field service management, human resource management (HRM), talent acquisition, learning management systems, content management (CM), geographic information systems (GIS), and service desk management. |
Turing degree | In computer science and mathematical logic the Turing degree (named after Alan Turing) or degree of unsolvability of a set of natural numbers measures the level of algorithmic unsolvability of the set. |
Multiple baseline design | A multiple baseline design is used in medical, psychological, and biological research. The multiple baseline design was first reported in 1960 as used in basic operant research. It was applied in the late 1960s to human experiments in response to practical and ethical issues that arose in withdrawing apparently successful treatments from human subjects. In it two or more (often three) behaviors, people or settings are plotted in a staggered graph where a change is made to one, but not the other two, and then to the second, but not the third behavior, person or setting. Differential changes that occur to each behavior, person or in each setting help to strengthen what is essentially an AB design with its problematic competing hypotheses. |
Statistics education | Statistics education is the practice of teaching and learning of statistics, along with the associated scholarly research. |
Stimulant psychosis | Stimulant psychosis is a mental disorder characterized by psychotic symptoms (such as hallucinations, paranoid ideation, delusions, disorganized thinking, grossly disorganized behaviour). It involves and typically occurs following an overdose or several day 'binge' on psychostimulants; however, one study reported occurrences at regularly prescribed doses in approximately 0.1% of individuals within the first several weeks after starting amphetamine or methylphenidate therapy. Methamphetamine psychosis, or long-term effects of stimulant use in the brain (at the molecular level), depend upon genetics and may persist for some time.The most common causative agents are substituted amphetamines, including substituted cathinones, as well as certain dopamine reuptake inhibitors such as cocaine and phenidates. |
Service provider interface | Service provider interface (SPI) is an API intended to be implemented or extended by a third party. It can be used to enable framework extension and replaceable components. |
Contiguity (probability theory) | In probability theory, two sequences of probability measures are said to be contiguous if asymptotically they share the same support. Thus the notion of contiguity extends the concept of absolute continuity to the sequences of measures.
The concept was originally introduced by Le Cam (1960) as part of his foundational contribution to the development of asymptotic theory in mathematical statistics. He is best known for the general concepts of local asymptotic normality and contiguity. |
Angioplasty | Angioplasty, also known as balloon angioplasty and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), is a minimally invasive endovascular procedure used to widen narrowed or obstructed arteries or veins, typically to treat arterial atherosclerosis. A deflated balloon attached to a catheter (a balloon catheter) is passed over a guide-wire into the narrowed vessel and then inflated to a fixed size. The balloon forces expansion of the blood vessel and the surrounding muscular wall, allowing an improved blood flow. A stent may be inserted at the time of ballooning to ensure the vessel remains open, and the balloon is then deflated and withdrawn. Angioplasty has come to include all manner of vascular interventions that are typically performed percutaneously. |
Police uniforms in the United States | Police uniforms in the United States vary widely due to the nation's tradition of highly decentralized law enforcement. Over time, however, a number of general conventions and styles have become representative of American police fashion. Police officers wear uniforms to deter crime by establishing a visible presence while on patrol, to make themselves easily identifiable to non-police officers or to their colleagues who require assistance, and to quickly identify each other at crime scenes for ease of coordination. |
Muffin tin | A muffin or cupcake tray is a mold in which muffins or cupcakes are baked. A single cup within a regular muffin tin is 100 millilitres (3.5 US fl oz) and most often has room for 12 muffins, although tins holding 6, 8, 11, 24, and 35 muffins do exist. A single cup within a mini muffin tin is 62.8 millilitres (2.125 US fl oz), and because these are less common, there are several standard numbers of cups per tin, including 6, 12, and 24 cups per tin. A single cup within a jumbo muffin tin is 242.13 millilitres (8.1875 US fl oz), and again because these are uncommon, there are several standard numbers of cups per tin, including 4, 6, and 12 cups per tin.Muffin tins can be made out of aluminum, stainless steel, cast iron, or silicone. In addition, aluminum and stainless steel muffin tins may be coated with Teflon or other non-stick coatings. Historically, galvanized steel has been used for muffin tins but this is no longer common. |
Debian Conference | DebConf, the Debian developers conference is the yearly conference where developers of the Debian operating system meet to discuss further development of the system.
Besides the scheduled workshops and talks, Debian developers take the opportunity to hack on the Debian system in a more informal setting. This has been institutionalised by introducing the DebCamp in the Oslo DebConf in 2003: a room is set aside and computing infrastructure provided. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.