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Structural variation | Genomic structural variation is the variation in structure of an organism's chromosome. It consists of many kinds of variation in the genome of one species, and usually includes microscopic and submicroscopic types, such as deletions, duplications, copy-number variants, insertions, inversions and translocations. Originally, a structure variation affects a sequence length about 1kb to 3Mb, which is larger than SNPs and smaller than chromosome abnormality (though the definitions have some overlap). However, the operational range of structural variants has widened to include events > 50bp. The definition of structural variation does not imply anything about frequency or phenotypical effects. Many structural variants are associated with genetic diseases, however many are not. Recent research about SVs indicates that SVs are more difficult to detect than SNPs. Approximately 13% of the human genome is defined as structurally variant in the normal population, and there are at least 240 genes that exist as homozygous deletion polymorphisms in human populations, suggesting these genes are dispensable in humans. Rapidly accumulating evidence indicates that structural variations can comprise millions of nucleotides of heterogeneity within every genome, and are likely to make an important contribution to human diversity and disease susceptibility. |
Miliary fever | Miliary fever was a medical term in the past (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's death report showed this term), used to indicate a general cause of infectious disease that cause an acute fever and skin rashes similar to the cereal grain called proso millet.
After subsequent advances in medicine, this term fell into disuse, supplanted by other more specific names of diseases, for example the modern miliary tuberculosis. |
Hyperhidrosis | Hyperhidrosis is a condition characterized by abnormally increased sweating, in excess of that required for regulation of body temperature. Although primarily a benign physical burden, hyperhidrosis can deteriorate quality of life from a psychological, emotional, and social perspective. In fact, hyperhidrosis almost always leads to psychological as well as physical and social consequences. People suffering from it present difficulties in the professional field, more than 80% experiencing a moderate to severe emotional impact from the disease and half are subject to depression. |
Postural restoration | Postural restoration is a posture based approach to physical medicine. Its advocates claim that it improves postural adaptations, the function of the respiratory system and asymmetrical patterns. They claim that the treatment aims to maximize neutrality in the body through manual and non-manual exercise techniques designed to reposition, retrain, and restore these asymmetrical patterned positions. It is used by some physical therapy and athletic trainers.Despite common preferences among physiotherapists for certain postures, there is little strong evidence that any specific posture leads to better medical outcomes. |
Microsatellite | A microsatellite is a tract of repetitive DNA in which certain DNA motifs (ranging in length from one to six or more base pairs) are repeated, typically 5–50 times. Microsatellites occur at thousands of locations within an organism's genome. They have a higher mutation rate than other areas of DNA leading to high genetic diversity. Microsatellites are often referred to as short tandem repeats (STRs) by forensic geneticists and in genetic genealogy, or as simple sequence repeats (SSRs) by plant geneticists.Microsatellites and their longer cousins, the minisatellites, together are classified as VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) DNA. The name "satellite" DNA refers to the early observation that centrifugation of genomic DNA in a test tube separates a prominent layer of bulk DNA from accompanying "satellite" layers of repetitive DNA.They are widely used for DNA profiling in cancer diagnosis, in kinship analysis (especially paternity testing) and in forensic identification. They are also used in genetic linkage analysis to locate a gene or a mutation responsible for a given trait or disease. Microsatellites are also used in population genetics to measure levels of relatedness between subspecies, groups and individuals. |
Bernhard W. Roth | Bernhard Wilhelm Roth (born 13 November 1970) is a German experimental physicist. |
Flow network | In graph theory, a flow network (also known as a transportation network) is a directed graph where each edge has a capacity and each edge receives a flow. The amount of flow on an edge cannot exceed the capacity of the edge. Often in operations research, a directed graph is called a network, the vertices are called nodes and the edges are called arcs. A flow must satisfy the restriction that the amount of flow into a node equals the amount of flow out of it, unless it is a source, which has only outgoing flow, or sink, which has only incoming flow. A network can be used to model traffic in a computer network, circulation with demands, fluids in pipes, currents in an electrical circuit, or anything similar in which something travels through a network of nodes. |
Annulus (botany) | An annulus in botany is an arc or a ring of specialized cells on the sporangium. These cells are arranged in a single row, and are associated with the release or dispersal of spores. |
Invisible disability | Invisible disabilities, also known as hidden disabilities or non-visible disabilities (NVDs), are disabilities that are not immediately apparent. They are typically chronic illnesses and conditions that significantly impair normal activities of daily living.
For example, some people with visual or auditory disabilities who do not wear glasses or hearing aids, or who use discreet hearing aids, may not be obviously disabled. Some people who have vision loss may wear contact lenses. |
Källén–Lehmann spectral representation | The Källén–Lehmann spectral representation gives a general expression for the (time ordered) two-point function of an interacting quantum field theory as a sum of free propagators. It was discovered by Gunnar Källén and Harry Lehmann independently. This can be written as, using the mostly-minus metric signature, Δ(p)=∫0∞dμ2ρ(μ2)1p2−μ2+iϵ, where ρ(μ2) is the spectral density function that should be positive definite. In a gauge theory, this latter condition cannot be granted but nevertheless a spectral representation can be provided. This belongs to non-perturbative techniques of quantum field theory. |
Minipermeameter | In petroleum engineering, a minipermeameter is a gas-based device for measuring permeability in porous rocks.Minipermeametry has been used in the oil industry since the late 1960s (Eijpe and Weber, 1971) without becoming in any way a standard experimental method in core analysis or reservoir characterisation. The laboratory minipermeametry can make important contributions both as an improved methodology within experimental petrophysics and as a source of data invaluable in routine reservoir characterisation (C. HALVORSEN AND A. HURST, 1990) The values obtained from the minipermeameter should possibly be calibrated by a Klinkenberg correction |
Inerter (mechanical networks) | In the study of mechanical networks in control theory, an inerter is a two-terminal device in which the forces applied at the terminals are equal, opposite, and proportional to relative acceleration between the nodes. Under the name of J-damper the concept has been used in Formula 1 racing car suspension systems.
It can be constructed with a flywheel mounted on a rack and pinion. It has a similar effect to increasing the inertia of the sprung object. |
Tetrahedron Computer Methodology | The Tetrahedron Computer Methodology was a short lived journal that was published by Pergamon Press (now Elsevier) to experiment with electronic submission of articles in the ChemText format, and the sharing source code to enable reproducibility. It was the first chemical journal to be published electronically, with issues distributed in print and on floppy disks. It is likely it was also the first journal to accept submissions in a non-paper format (on floppy disks). The journal ceased publication owing to technical and non-technical reasons, and may have lacked sufficient institutional support. The last issue appeared in 1992 but was dated 1990. |
Catering | Catering is the business of providing food service at a remote site or a site such as a hotel, hospital, pub, aircraft, cruise ship, park, festival, filming location or film studio. |
Creative Mythology | Creative Mythology is Volume IV of the comparative mythologist Joseph Campbell's The Masks of God. The book concerns "creative mythology", Campbell's term for the efforts by an individual to communicate his experience through signs, an attempt that can become "living myth". |
Impedance control | Impedance control is an approach to dynamic control relating force and position. It is often used in applications where a manipulator interacts with its environment and the force position relation is of concern. Examples of such applications include humans interacting with robots, where the force produced by the human relates to how fast the robot should move/stop. Simpler control methods, such as position control or torque control, perform poorly when the manipulator experiences contacts. Thus impedance control is commonly used in these settings. |
Acoustic wave equation | In physics, the acoustic wave equation governs the propagation of acoustic waves through a material medium resp. a standing wavefield. The form of the equation is a second order partial differential equation. The equation describes the evolution of acoustic pressure p or particle velocity u as a function of position x and time t . A simplified (scalar) form of the equation describes acoustic waves in only one spatial dimension, while a more general form describes waves in three dimensions. Propagating waves in a pre-defined direction can also be calculated using first order one-way wave equation. For lossy media, more intricate models need to be applied in order to take into account frequency-dependent attenuation and phase speed. Such models include acoustic wave equations that incorporate fractional derivative terms, see also the acoustic attenuation article or the survey paper. |
Crack arrestor | A crack arrestor (otherwise known as a rip-stop doubler) is a structural engineering device. Being typically shaped into ring or strip, and composed of a strong material, it serves to contain stress corrosion cracking or fatigue cracking, helping to prevent the catastrophic failure of a device.
The crack arrestor can be as simple as a thickened region of metal, or may be constructed of a laminated or woven material that can be designed to withstand deformation without failure. When correctly applied, the technique is capable of redirecting movement and safely distributing stresses. The crack arrestor is considered to be compatible with fail-safe design practices. |
Electropositive shark repellent | Electropositive metals (EPMs) are a new class of shark repellent materials that produce a measurable voltage when immersed in an electrolyte such as seawater. The voltages produced are as high as 1.75 VDC in seawater. It is hypothesized that this voltage overwhelms the ampullary organ in sharks, producing a repellent action. Since bony fish lack the ampullary organ, the repellent is selective to sharks and rays. The process is electrochemical, so no external power input is required. As chemical work is done, the metal is lost in the form of corrosion. Depending on the alloy or metal utilized and its thickness, the electropositive repellent effect lasts up to 48 hours. The reaction of the electropositive metal in seawater produces hydrogen gas bubbles and an insoluble nontoxic hydroxide as a precipitate which settles downward in the water column. |
Integration by reduction formulae | In integral calculus, integration by reduction formulae is a method relying on recurrence relations. It is used when an expression containing an integer parameter, usually in the form of powers of elementary functions, or products of transcendental functions and polynomials of arbitrary degree, can't be integrated directly. But using other methods of integration a reduction formula can be set up to obtain the integral of the same or similar expression with a lower integer parameter, progressively simplifying the integral until it can be evaluated. This method of integration is one of the earliest used. |
Hunt's Snack Pack | Hunt's Snack Pack is a pudding snack manufactured since 1977 by ConAgra Foods. |
Guarded suspension | In concurrent programming, guarded suspension is a software design pattern for managing operations that require both a lock to be acquired and a precondition to be satisfied before the operation can be executed. The guarded suspension pattern is typically applied to method calls in object-oriented programs, and involves suspending the method call, and the calling thread, until the precondition (acting as a guard) is satisfied. |
Olympus PEN E-PL9 | The Olympus PEN E-PL9 is a rangefinder-styled digital mirrorless interchangeable lens camera announced by Olympus Corp. in February 2018. It succeeds the Olympus PEN E-PL8. The E-PL9 was succeeded by the Olympus PEN E-PL10 announced in October 2019. |
Woven coverlet | A woven coverlet or coverlid (derived from Cat. cobre-lit) is a type of bed covering with a woven design in colored wool yarn on a background of natural linen or cotton. Coverlets were woven in almost every community in the United States from the colonial era until the late 19th century. |
Flatness problem | The flatness problem (also known as the oldness problem) is a cosmological fine-tuning problem within the Big Bang model of the universe. Such problems arise from the observation that some of the initial conditions of the universe appear to be fine-tuned to very 'special' values, and that small deviations from these values would have extreme effects on the appearance of the universe at the current time. |
Back to school (marketing) | In merchandising, back to school is the period in which students and their parents purchase school supplies and apparel for the upcoming school year. At many department stores, back to school sales are advertised as a time when school supplies, children's, and young adults' clothing goes on sale. Office supplies have also become an important part of back to school sales, with the rise in prominence of personal computers and related equipment in education; traditional supplies such as paper, pens, pencils and binders will often be marked at steep discounts, often as loss leaders to entice shoppers to buy other items in the store. Many states offer tax-free periods (usually about a week) at which time any school supplies and children's clothing purchased does not have sales tax added. |
Looping (education) | Looping in education is the practice of moving groups of children up from one grade to the next with the same teacher. This system, which is also called multiyear grouping, lasts from two to five years and, as the class moves on, the teacher loops back to pick another group of children. This practice is particularly prevalent in Europe and Asia. |
MeRIPseq | MeRIPseq (or MeRIP-seq) stands for methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing, which is a method for detection of post-transcriptional RNA modifications, developed by Kate Meyer et al. while working in the laboratory of Sammie Jaffrey at Cornell University Graduate School of Medical Sciences. It is also called m6A-seq.A variation of the MerIP-seq method was coined by Benjamin Delatte and colleagues in 2016. This variant, called hMerIP-seq (hydroxymethylcytosine RNA immunoprecipitation), uses an antibody that specifically recognizes 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, a modified RNA base affecting in vitro translation and brain development in Drosophila. |
Hilbert–Schmidt operator | In mathematics, a Hilbert–Schmidt operator, named after David Hilbert and Erhard Schmidt, is a bounded operator A:H→H that acts on a Hilbert space H and has finite Hilbert–Schmidt norm where {ei:i∈I} is an orthonormal basis. The index set I need not be countable. However, the sum on the right must contain at most countably many non-zero terms, to have meaning. This definition is independent of the choice of the orthonormal basis. In finite-dimensional Euclidean space, the Hilbert–Schmidt norm HS is identical to the Frobenius norm. |
Proprietary file format | A proprietary file format is a file format of a company, organization, or individual that contains data that is ordered and stored according to a particular encoding-scheme, designed by the company or organization to be secret, such that the decoding and interpretation of this stored data is easily accomplished only with particular software or hardware that the company itself has developed. The specification of the data encoding format is not released, or underlies non-disclosure agreements. A proprietary format can also be a file format whose encoding is in fact published, but is restricted through licences such that only the company itself or licensees may use it. In contrast, an open format is a file format that is published and free to be used by everybody. |
Send Me To Heaven | Send Me To Heaven (officially stylized as S.M.T.H.) is an Android application developed by Carrot Pop which measures the vertical distance that a mobile phone is thrown. Players compete against each other by seeking to throw their phones higher than others, often at the risk of damaging their phones. The app was immediately banned from the App Store but remains available from Google Play, where it maintains a cult following. |
VICE | The software program VICE, standing for VersatIle Commodore Emulator, is a free and cross platform emulator for Commodore's 8-bit computers. It runs on Linux, Amiga, Unix, MS-DOS, Win32, Mac OS X, OS/2, RISC OS, QNX, GP2X, Pandora (console), Dingoo A320, Syllable, and BeOS host machines. VICE is free software, released under the GNU General Public License since 2004.
VICE for Microsoft Windows (Win32) prior to v3.3 were known as WinVICE, the OS/2 variant is called Vice/2, and the emulator running on BeOS is called BeVICE. |
2-Formylbenzoate dehydrogenase | 2-Formylbenzoate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.78, 2-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase, 2CBAL dehydrogenase, PhdK) is an enzyme with systematic name 2-formylbenzoate:NAD+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction 2-formylbenzoate + NAD+ + H2O ⇌ o-phthalic acid + NADH + H+The enzyme is involved in phenanthrene degradation. |
Emotiv Systems | Emotiv Systems is an Australian electronics innovation company developing technologies to evolve human computer interaction incorporating non-conscious cues into the human-computer dialogue to emulate human to human interaction. Developing brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) based on electroencephalography (EEG) technology, Emotiv Systems produced the EPOC near headset, a peripheral targeting the gaming market for Windows, OS X and Linux platforms. The EPOC has 16 electrodes and was originally designed to work as a BCI input device.Emotive Systems Pty Ltd was founded in 2003 by technology entrepreneurs Tan Le, Nam Do, Allan Snyder, and Neil Weste. |
SCREEN3 | SCREEN3 is a technology used and designed by Motorola to push news and information to mobile phones. |
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius | Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a gram positive coccus bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus found worldwide. It is primarily a pathogen for domestic animals, but has been known to affect humans as well. S. pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen that secretes immune modulating virulence factors, has many adhesion factors, and the potential to create biofilms, all of which help to determine the pathogenicity of the bacterium. Diagnoses of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius have traditionally been made using cytology, plating, and biochemical tests. More recently, molecular technologies like MALDI-TOF, DNA hybridization and PCR have become preferred over biochemical tests for their more rapid and accurate identifications. This includes the identification and diagnosis of antibiotic resistant strains. |
Soybean agglutinin | Soybean agglutinins (SBA) also known as soy bean lectins (SBL) are lectins found in soybeans. It is a family of similar legume lectins. As a lectin, it is an antinutrient that chelates minerals. In human foodstuffs, less than half of this lectin is deactivated even with extensive cooking (boiling for 20 minutes). |
Coracoclavicular ligament | The coracoclavicular ligament is a ligament of the shoulder. It connects the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula. |
Seesaw | A seesaw (also known as a teeter-totter or teeterboard) is a long, narrow board supported by a single pivot point, most commonly located at the midpoint between both ends; as one end goes up, the other goes down. These are most commonly found at parks and school playgrounds. |
Mars hoax | The Mars hoax was a hoax circulated by e-mail that began in 2003, that claimed that Mars would look as large as the full Moon to the naked eye on August 27, 2003. The hoax has since resurfaced each time before Mars is at its closest to Earth, about every 26 months. It began from a misinterpretation and exaggeration of a sentence in an e-mail message that reported the close approach between Mars and the Earth in August 2003. At that time, the distance between the two planets was about 55,758,000 kilometres (34,646,000 mi), which was the closest distance between them since September 24, 57,617 BC, when the distance has been calculated to have been about 55,718,000 kilometres (34,622,000 mi). |
Master regulator | In genetics, a master regulator gene is a regulator gene at the top of a gene regulation hierarchy, particularly in regulatory pathways related to cell fate and differentiation. |
Robot combat | Robot combat is a mode of robot competition in which custom-built machines fight using various methods to incapacitate each other. The machines have generally been remote-controlled vehicles rather than autonomous robots. |
Austin Model 1 | Austin Model 1, or AM1, is a semi-empirical method for the quantum calculation of molecular electronic structure in computational chemistry. It is based on the Neglect of Differential Diatomic Overlap integral approximation. Specifically, it is a generalization of the modified neglect of differential diatomic overlap approximation. Related methods are PM3 and the older MINDO. |
Hubs and nodes | Hubs and nodes is a geographic model explaining how linked regions can co-operate to fulfill elements of an industry's value chain and collectively gain sufficient mass to drive innovation growth. The model of hubs and nodes builds on Porter's cluster model which served well in the past, but as businesses and regions around the world have adjusted to the realities of globalization, the concept of clusters is becoming outdated. |
Lysergic acid methyl ester | Lysergic acid methyl ester is an analogue of lysergic acid. It is a member of the tryptamine family and is extremely uncommon. It acts on the 5-HT receptors in the brain, as do most tryptamines. |
Lamm-Honigmann process | The Lamm-Honigmann process is a storage and heat to power conversion process that consists of using the effect of vapor pressure depression of a working fluid mixture compared to a pure working fluid of that mixture. This process is named after their independent inventors Emile Lamm (US patent from 1870) and Moritz Honigmann (German patent from 1883). Both inventors envisioned and realized the same process principle for usage as energy storage in so-called Fireless locomotive but with different working fluid pairs: Emile Lamm used ammonia and water, Moritz Honigmann used water and caustic soda. |
Ubiquity (software) | Ubiquity is the default installer for Ubuntu and its derivatives. It is run from the Live CD or USB and can be triggered to run from the options on the device or on the desktop of the Live mode. It was first introduced in Ubuntu 6.06 LTS "Dapper Drake". At program start, it allows the user to change the language to a local language if they prefer. It is designed to be easy to use. |
History of aspirin | Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is a novel organic compound that does not occur in nature, and was first successfully synthesised in 1899. In 1897, scientists at the drug and dye firm Bayer began investigating acetylated organic compounds as possible new medicines, following the success of acetanilide ten years earlier. By 1899, Bayer created acetylsalicylic acid and named the drug 'Aspirin', going on to sell it around the world.: 27 The word Aspirin was Bayer's brand name, rather than the generic name of the drug; however, Bayer's rights to the trademark were lost or sold in many countries. Aspirin's popularity grew over the first half of the twentieth century, leading to fierce competition with the proliferation of aspirin brands and products.Aspirin's popularity declined after the development of acetaminophen/paracetamol in 1956 and ibuprofen in 1962. In the 1960s and 1970s, John Vane and others discovered the basic mechanism of aspirin's effects,: 226–231 while clinical trials and other studies from the 1960s to the 1980s established aspirin's efficacy as an anti-clotting agent that reduces the risk of clotting diseases.: 247–257 Aspirin sales revived considerably in the last decades of the twentieth century, and remain strong in the twenty-first with widespread use as a preventive treatment for heart attacks and strokes.: 267–269 |
Lazy jack | Lazy jacks (or lazyjacks) are a type of rigging which can be applied to a fore-and-aft rigged sail to assist in sail handling during reefing and furling. They consist of a network of cordage which is rigged to a point on the mast and to a series of points on either side of the boom; these lines form a cradle which helps to guide the sail onto the boom when it is lowered, reducing the crew needed to secure the sail. Lazy jacks are most commonly associated with Bermuda rigged sails, although they can be used with gaff rigged sails and with club-footed jibs. Blocks and rings may be part of some lazyjacks.The oyster dredging sailboats of the Chesapeake Bay, bugeyes and skipjacks, were invariably equipped with lazy jacks, as their huge sail plans, combined with the changeable conditions on the bay, made it necessary to be able to reef quickly and with a small crew. Of late they have been revived as a feature of pleasure yachts as an alternative to roller reefing and furling. The latter methods can distort the sail, and are not compatible with battens in the reefed or furled portion of the sail. Lazy jacks are also cheaper, and can be easily applied after-market. However, they are not without disadvantages. The extra lines provide something else for the sail to foul upon when it is being raised, particularly if it is battened, and the lines and the connections between them can chafe and beat upon the sail, shortening its life and making unwanted noise. Also, unlike the roller systems, some crew member(s) must be on deck to secure the sail. |
Delta ISO | A Delta ISO is used to update an ISO image which contains RPM Package Manager files. It makes use of DeltaRPMs (a form of Delta compression) for RPMs which have changed between the old and new versions of the ISO. Delta ISOs can save disk space and download time, as a Delta ISO only contains the things that were updated in the new version of the ISO. After downloading the Delta ISO, a user can use it to update the outdated ISO. Some RPM-based Linux distributions such as Fedora and openSUSE make use of this technique. |
Haplogroup S1a (Y-DNA) | Haplogroup S1a is a human Y-DNA haplogroup, defined by SNPs Z41335, Z41336, Z41337, Z41338, Z41339, Z41340, and Z41341.
S1a is found primarily in Melanesia (especially in Papua New Guinea), Micronesia, Maritime Southeast Asia and among indigenous Australians.As of 2017, it includes an unnamed primary subclade referred to by ISOGG as "S1a~" (P405), (which was previously known as K2b1a). The "~" symbol is ISOGG's way of indicating that an unverified and as-yet unnamed immediate ancestor may exist.
Its secondary subclades include: S1a1 (Z42413), S1a2~ (P79, P307) and S1a3 (P315).
Before 2016, S1a1b (M230, P202, P204) was known as Haplogroup S* (and before that as Haplogroup K5). (In 2016, haplogroup S-B254 was "promoted" to S*, from its previous position of S1.) The "sibling" clades of S1a include: S1b (B275, Z33756, Z33757, Z33758, Z33759), S1c (Z41926, Z41927, Z41928, Z41929, Z41930) and S1d (SK1806). |
Descriptive interpretation | According to Rudolf Carnap, in logic, an interpretation is a descriptive interpretation (also called a factual interpretation) if at least one of the undefined symbols of its formal system becomes, in the interpretation, a descriptive sign (i.e., the name of single objects, or observable properties). In his Introduction to Semantics (Harvard Uni. Press, 1942) he makes a distinction between formal interpretations which are logical interpretations (also called mathematical interpretation or logico-mathematical interpretation) and descriptive interpretations: a formal interpretation is a descriptive interpretation if it is not a logical interpretation.Attempts to axiomatize the empirical sciences, Carnap said, use a descriptive interpretation to model reality.: the aim of these attempts is to construct a formal system for which reality is the only interpretation. - the world is an interpretation (or model) of these sciences, only insofar as these sciences are true.Any non-empty set may be chosen as the domain of a descriptive interpretation, and all n-ary relations among the elements of the domain are candidates for assignment to any predicate of degree n. |
Area Defense Anti-Munitions | Area Defense Anti-Munitions (ADAM) is an experimental short range ground-to-air anti-missile weapons system being developed by Lockheed Martin. It uses a 10 kW fiber laser to attack its targets. |
Minoxidil | Minoxidil is a medication used for the treatment of high blood pressure and pattern hair loss. It is an antihypertensive vasodilator. It is available as a generic medication by prescription in oral tablet form and over the counter as a topical liquid or foam. |
Porter (carrier) | A porter, also called a bearer, is a person who carries objects or cargo for others. The range of services conducted by porters is extensive, from shuttling luggage aboard a train (a railroad porter) to bearing heavy burdens at altitude in inclement weather on multi-month mountaineering expeditions. They can carry items on their backs (backpack) or on their heads. The word "porter" derives from the Latin portare (to carry).The use of humans to transport cargo dates to the ancient world, prior to domesticating animals and development of the wheel. Historically it remained prevalent in areas where slavery was permitted, and exists today where modern forms of mechanical conveyance are impractical or impossible, such as in mountainous terrain, or thick jungle or forest cover. |
Preclosure operator | In topology, a preclosure operator or Čech closure operator is a map between subsets of a set, similar to a topological closure operator, except that it is not required to be idempotent. That is, a preclosure operator obeys only three of the four Kuratowski closure axioms. |
Atosiban | Atosiban, sold under the brand name Tractocile among others, is an inhibitor of the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin. It is used as an intravenous medication as a labour repressant (tocolytic) to halt premature labor. It was developed by Ferring Pharmaceuticals in Sweden and first reported in the literature in 1985. Originally marketed by Ferring Pharmaceuticals, it is licensed in proprietary and generic forms for the delay of imminent preterm birth in pregnant adult women. |
Thoracic aorta injury | Injury of the thoracic aorta refers to any injury which affects the portion of the aorta which lies within the chest cavity. Injuries of the thoracic aorta are usually the result of physical trauma; however, they can also be the result of a pathological process. The main causes of this injury are deceleration (such as a car accident) and crush injuries. There are different grades to injuries to the aorta depending on the extent of injury, and the treatment whether surgical or medical depends on that grade. It is difficult to determine if a patient has a thoracic injury just by their symptoms, but through imaging and a physical exam the extent of injury can be determined. All patients with a thoracic aortic injury need to be treated either surgically with endovascular repair or open surgical repair or with medicine to keep their blood pressure and heart rate in the appropriate range. However, most patients that have a thoracic aortic injury do not live for 24 hours. |
Tribromosilane | Tribromosilane is the chemical compound with the formula Br3Si. At high temperatures, it decomposes to produce silicon, and is an alternative to purified trichlorosilane of ultrapure silicon in the semiconductor industry. The Schumacher Process of silicon deposition uses tribromosilane gas to produce polysilicon, but it has a number of cost and safety advantages over the Siemens Process to make polysilicon.It may be prepared by heating crystalline silicon with gaseous hydrogen bromide at high temperature. It spontaneously combusts when exposed to air. |
Wetting | Wetting is the ability of a liquid to maintain contact with a solid surface, resulting from intermolecular interactions when the two are brought together. This happens in presence of a gaseous phase or another liquid phase not miscible with the first one. The degree of wetting (wettability) is determined by a force balance between adhesive and cohesive forces.
Wetting is important in the bonding or adherence of two materials. Wetting and the surface forces that control wetting are also responsible for other related effects, including capillary effects.
There are two types of wetting: non-reactive wetting and reactive wetting.Wetting deals with three phases of matter: gas, liquid, and solid. It is now a center of attention in nanotechnology and nanoscience studies due to the advent of many nanomaterials in the past two decades (e.g. graphene, carbon nanotube, boron nitride nanomesh). |
Pink (ship) | A pink (French: pinque) is a sailing ship with a very narrow stern. The term was applied to two different types of ship.
The first was a small, flat-bottomed ship with a narrow stern; the name derived from the Italian word pinco. It was used primarily in the Mediterranean Sea as a cargo ship. |
Keyline | A keyline, in graphic design, is a boundary line that separates color and monochromatic areas or differently colored areas of printing on a given page or other printed piece. The line itself, usually consisting of a black (or other dark colored) border, provides an area in which lighter colors can be printed with slight variation in registration. In traditional paste-up graphics workflows, keylines for cropping were often merely indicated on original artwork, and then images were stripped into the area manually with the keylines themselves being added as part of the process. Keylines are often included when printing something that will be cut out using a die form, requires folding, or uses perforation lines.Per the International Paper's Pocket Pal (18th ed., printed in 2000), keyline is defined as being "in artwork, an outline drawing of finished art to indicate the exact shape, position, and size for elements such as halftones, line sketches, etc." |
Xkill | Xkill is a utility program distributed with the X Window System that instructs the X server to forcefully terminate its connection to a client, thus "killing" the client. When run with no command line arguments, the program displays a special cursor (usually a crosshair or a skull and crossbones) and displays a message such as Select the window whose client you wish to kill with button 1 ... |
GTPBP4 | Nucleolar GTP-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTPBP4 gene.GTPases function as molecular switches that can flip between two states: active, when GTP is bound, and inactive, when GDP is bound. 'Active' usually means that the molecule acts as a signal to trigger other events in the cell. When an extracellular ligand binds to a G protein-coupled receptor, the receptor changes its conformation and switches on the trimeric G proteins that associate with it by causing them to eject their GDP and replace it with GTP. The switch is turned off when the G protein hydrolyzes its own bound GTP, converting it back to GDP. But before that occurs, the active protein has an opportunity to diffuse away from the receptor and deliver its message for a prolonged period to its downstream target. |
Minkowski functional | In mathematics, in the field of functional analysis, a Minkowski functional (after Hermann Minkowski) or gauge function is a function that recovers a notion of distance on a linear space. |
Oxatriquinacene | Oxatriquinacene is an organic cation with formula C9H9O+. It is an oxonium ion, with a tricoordinated oxygen atom with +1 charge connected to carbons 1,4, and 7 of a cyclononatriene ring, forming three fused pentagonal cycles. The compound may possess weak tris-homoaromatic character. |
DSIF | In gene expression, DSIF (DRB Sensitivity Inducing Factor) is a protein that can either negatively or positively affect transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II). In one case of negative regulation, it can interact with negative elongation factor (NELF) to promote the stalling of Pol II at some genes. This stalling is relieved by P-TEFb. In humans, DSIF is composed of hSPT4 and hSPT5 (SPT4 and SPT5 are homologs in yeast).The complex locks the RNAP clamp into a closed state to prevent the elongation complex (EC) from dissociating. The Spt5 NGN domain helps anneal the two strands of DNA upstream. The single KOW domain in bacteria and archaea anchors a ribosome to the RNAP.In bacteria, the homologous complex only contains NusG, a Spt5 homolog. Archaea have both proteins. |
Assortative mixing | In the study of complex networks, assortative mixing, or assortativity, is a bias in favor of connections between network nodes with similar characteristics. In the specific case of social networks, assortative mixing is also known as homophily. The rarer disassortative mixing is a bias in favor of connections between dissimilar nodes.
In social networks, for example, individuals commonly choose to associate with others of similar age, nationality, location, race, income, educational level, religion, or language as themselves. In networks of sexual contact, the same biases are observed, but mixing is also disassortative by gender – most partnerships are between individuals of opposite sex. |
Samsung Minikit | The Samsung Miniket was a line of multifunction devices sold from March 2005 through mid-2007 in Australia (and possibly other markets). It bundles together a video camera, SVGA (Super Video Graphics Array) digital camera, an MP3 player, voice recorder, memory stick and Web cam, but had neither cellular nor wifi connectivity, though it did provide for USB access. It came in four models (VP-M110B, VP-M110S, VP-X110L, VP-M2100)—with internal storage capacity of 1 GB. Models weigh as little as 147 grams. |
Latarjet procedure | The Latarjet operation, also known as the Latarjet-Bristow procedure, is a surgical procedure used to treat recurrent shoulder dislocations, typically caused by bone loss or a fracture of the glenoid. The procedure was first described by French surgeon Dr. Michel Latarjet in 1954. |
Straight dough | Straight dough is a single-mix process of making bread. The dough is made from all fresh ingredients, and they are all placed together and combined in one kneading or mixing session. After mixing, a bulk fermentation rest of about 1 hour or longer occurs before division. It is also called the direct dough method. |
Freddy II | Freddy (1969–1971) and Freddy II (1973–1976) were experimental robots built in the Department of Machine Intelligence and Perception (later Department of Artificial Intelligence, now part of the School of Informatics at the University of Edinburgh). |
Neohexene | Neohexene is the hydrocarbon compound with the chemical formula (CH3)3CCH=CH2. It is a colorless liquid, with properties similar to other hexenes. It is a precursor to commercial synthetic musk perfumes. |
Holmes heart | Holmes heart is a rare congenital heart disease with absence of the inflow tract of the morphologically right ventricle (RV) and hence a single left ventricle (LV). The great vessels are normally related, with the pulmonary artery arising from the small infundibular outlet chamber, and the aorta arising from the single left ventricle.The Holmes heart is named after Dr. Andrew F. Holmes, who first described an autopsy specimen of this congenital heart defect in 1824. Dr. Holmes later became the first Dean of the Medical Faculty at McGill University in Canada. |
Childhood-autism spectrum test | The Childhood Autism Spectrum Test, abbreviated as CAST and formerly titled the Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test, is a tool to screen for autism spectrum disorder in children aged 4–11 years, in a non-clinical setting. It is also called the Social and Communication Development Questionnaire. |
Strained silicon | Strained silicon is a layer of silicon in which the silicon atoms are stretched beyond their normal interatomic distance. This can be accomplished by putting the layer of silicon over a substrate of silicon–germanium (SiGe). As the atoms in the silicon layer align with the atoms of the underlying silicon germanium layer (which are arranged a little farther apart, with respect to those of a bulk silicon crystal), the links between the silicon atoms become stretched - thereby leading to strained silicon. Moving these silicon atoms farther apart reduces the atomic forces that interfere with the movement of electrons through the transistors and thus better mobility, resulting in better chip performance and lower energy consumption. These electrons can move 70% faster allowing strained silicon transistors to switch 35% faster. |
Coenzyme Q5 | Coenzyme Q5, more commonly known as COQ5, is a coenzyme involved in the electron transport chain. It is a shorter-chain homolog of coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone), the more-common coenzyme of this family. |
All-trans-octaprenyl-diphosphate synthase | All-trans-octaprenyl-diphosphate synthase (EC 2.5.1.90, octaprenyl-diphosphate synthase, octaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase, polyprenylpyrophosphate synthetase, terpenoidallyltransferase, terpenyl pyrophosphate synthetase, trans-heptaprenyltranstransferase, trans-prenyltransferase) is an enzyme with systematic name (2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate farnesyltranstransferase (adding 5 isopentenyl units). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate ⇌ 5 diphosphate + all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphateThis enzyme catalyses the condensation reactions resulting in the formation of all-trans-octaprenyl diphosphate. |
Technical support | Technical support are also known as a tech support is a call centre type customer service provided by companies to advise and assist registered users with issues concerning their technical products. Traditionally done on the phone, technical support can now be conducted online or through chat. At present, most large and mid-size companies have outsourced their tech support operations. Many companies provide discussion boards for users of their products to interact; such forums allow companies to reduce their support costs without losing the benefit of customer feedback. |
Olivetti X/OS | X/OS was a Unix from the computer manufacturer Olivetti. It was based on 4.2BSD with some UNIX System V support. It ran on their LSX line of computers, which was based on the Motorola 68000-series CPUs. |
Metallothionein-3 | Metallothionein-3 (also known as Growth Inhibitory Factor) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MT3 gene.
It is a 68-amino acid peptide (20 of which are cysteine) that is abnormally under-expressed in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Metallothionein-3 is a member of the metallothionein family of proteins. |
Neuron | Within a nervous system, a neuron, neurone, or nerve cell is an electrically excitable cell that fires electric signals called action potentials across a neural network. Neurons communicate with other cells via synapses - specialized connections that commonly use minute amounts of chemical neurotransmitters to pass the electric signal from the presynaptic neuron to the target cell through the synaptic gap. The neuron is the main component of nervous tissue in all animals except sponges and placozoa. Non-animals like plants and fungi do not have nerve cells. |
Horse colic | Colic in horses is defined as abdominal pain, but it is a clinical symptom rather than a diagnosis. The term colic can encompass all forms of gastrointestinal conditions which cause pain as well as other causes of abdominal pain not involving the gastrointestinal tract. What makes it tricky is that different causes can manifest with similar signs of distress in the animal. Recognizing and understanding these signs is pivotal, as timely action can spell the difference between a brief moment of discomfort and a life-threatening situation. The most common forms of colic are gastrointestinal in nature and are most often related to colonic disturbance. There are a variety of different causes of colic, some of which can prove fatal without surgical intervention. Colic surgery is usually an expensive procedure as it is major abdominal surgery, often with intensive aftercare. Among domesticated horses, colic is the leading cause of premature death. The incidence of colic in the general horse population has been estimated between 4 and 10 percent over the course of the average lifespan. Clinical signs of colic generally require treatment by a veterinarian. The conditions that cause colic can become life-threatening in a short period of time. |
CAMECA | CAMECA is a manufacturer of scientific instruments, namely material analysis instruments based on Charged particle beam, ions, or electrons. |
Nanopin film | Nanopin film is an experimental material in nanotechnology developed in 2005 with unusual superhydrophobic properties [1]. A droplet of water makes contact with the surface of this film and forms an almost perfect sphere with a contact angle of 178°. This happens because it is covered with nanoscale, topped-off pins or cones perpendicular to the surface. The surface is regarded as a composite material with mostly air and a small fraction constituted by the tops of the cones. When the contact angle of the cone material is sufficiently large, Cassie's law predicts large contact angle values for the composite. |
Glazing jack | A glazing jack or glazing machine is a type of machine used for polishing leather. The machine consists of a solid glass cylinder, typically around two inches (5 cm) in diameter and six inches (15 cm) in length, mounted to the end of a rotating or reciprocating arm. The arm repeatedly and rapidly draws the glass across the surface of the leather, with significant downward pressure, as the operator moves the leather underneath the arm.The repeated stroking of the leather smooths and compresses the surface and raises various color tones. Heat generated by friction during the glazing process can darken and harden the aniline finish of the leather, and can raise oils in the leather to the surface. Because no pigment is used, the porous structure of the leather remains visible, providing a depth to its appearance. The operator of the glazing jack can control the surface finish by varying the pressure of the tool and the number of strokes applied. Similarly to glazing, a copper or glass tool can be drawn across the leather by hand to create "sleeked" and "glassed" finishes, respectively. |
Ulmus parvifolia 'Golden Rey' | The Chinese Elm cultivar Ulmus parvifolia 'Golden Rey' is an American clone patented by B. Rey in 1990. |
Dental Procedure Education System | The Dental Procedure Education System (DPES), is a web-based resource containing a collection of procedures from the dental disciplines. The procedures presented in DPES were developed by individual faculty members at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, in collaboration with a group of educational media and technology experts. Consequently, DPES reflects the philosophy that guides the teaching methods and the clinical practice of these procedures at the Faculty of Dentistry. |
Pétanque | Pétanque (French pronunciation: [petɑ̃k] (listen), locally in Provence [peˈtãᵑkə]; Occitan: petanca, [peˈtaŋkɔ] (listen), also Catalan: [pəˈtaŋkə] or [peˈtaŋka]) is a sport that falls into the category of boules sports (along with raffa, bocce, boule lyonnaise, lawn bowls, crown green bowling). In these sports, players or teams play their boules/balls towards a target ball. In pétanque the objective is to score points by having boules closer to the target than the opponent after all boules have been thrown. This is achieved by throwing or rolling boules closer to the small target ball, officially called a jack (French: cochonnet), or by hitting the opponents' boules away from the target, while standing inside a circle with both feet on the ground. The game is normally and best played on hard dirt or gravel. It can be played in public areas in parks or in dedicated facilities called boulodromes. |
Rough number | A k-rough number, as defined by Finch in 2001 and 2003, is a positive integer whose prime factors are all greater than or equal to k. k-roughness has alternately been defined as requiring all prime factors to strictly exceed k. |
Skipper (computer software) | Skipper is a visualization tool and code/schema generator for PHP ORM frameworks like Doctrine2, Doctrine, Propel, and CakePHP, which are used to create database abstraction layer.
Skipper is developed by Czech company Inventic, s.r.o. based in Brno, and was known as ORM Designer prior to rebranding in 2014. |
Benzophenone imine | Benzophenone imine is an organic compound with the formula of (C6H5)2C=NH. A pale yellow liquid, benzophenone imine is used as a reagent in organic synthesis. |
2,6-dihydroxypyridine 3-monooxygenase | In enzymology, a 2,6-dihydroxypyridine 3-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 2,6-dihydroxypyridine + NADH + H+ + O2 ⇌ 2,3,6-trihydroxypyridine + NAD+ + H2OThe 4 substrates of this enzyme are 2,6-dihydroxypyridine, NADH, H+, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 2,3,6-trihydroxypyridine[1], NAD+, and H2O. |
Myricetin O-methyltransferase | In enzymology, a myricetin O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.149) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + myricetin ⇌ 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + syringetinThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and myricetin, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and syringetin.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:myricetin O-methyltransferase. |
Eva (Metal Gear) | The Metal Gear franchise features a large number of characters created by Hideo Kojima and designed by Yoji Shinkawa. Its setting features several soldiers with supernatural powers provided by the new advancements of science. |
Short-term trading | Short-term trading refers to those trading strategies in stock market or futures market in which the time duration between entry and exit is within a range of few days to few weeks.
There are two main schools of thought: swing trading and trend following. Day trading is an extremely short-term style of trading in which all positions entered during a trading day are exited the same day. |
Sony Xperia 8 | The Sony Xperia 8 is an Android smartphone marketed and manufactured by Sony. Part of Sony's midrange Xperia series, it was unveiled on October 7, 2019 as a Japan-exclusive device. |
Episteme | In philosophy, episteme (Ancient Greek: ἐπιστήμη, romanized: epistēmē, lit. 'science, knowledge'; French: épistémè) is knowledge or understanding. The term epistemology (the branch of philosophy concerning knowledge) is derived from episteme. |
Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics | Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is an umbrella term used to group together the distinct but related technical disciplines of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The term is typically used in the context of education policy or curriculum choices in schools. It has implications for workforce development, national security concerns (as a shortage of STEM-educated citizens can reduce effectiveness in this area) and immigration policy, with regard to admitting foreign students and tech workers.There is no universal agreement on which disciplines are included in STEM; in particular whether or not the science in STEM includes social sciences, such as psychology, sociology, economics, and political science. In the United States, these are typically included by organizations such as the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Department of Labor's O*Net online database for job seekers, and the Department of Homeland Security. In the United Kingdom, the social sciences are categorized separately and are instead grouped together with humanities and arts to form another counterpart acronym HASS (Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences), rebranded in 2020 as SHAPE (Social Sciences, Humanities and the Arts for People and the Economy). Some sources also use HEAL (health, education, administration, and literacy) as the counterpart of STEM. |
GG45 | GG45 (GigaGate 45) and ARJ45 (Augmented RJ45) are two related connectors for Category 7, Category 7A, and Category 8 telecommunication cabling. The GG45 interface and related implementations are developed and sold by Nexans S.A., while the ARJ45 interface and related implementations are developed and sold by Bel Fuse Inc. The electrical performance of each is compliant with IEC 61076-3-110, as published by the International Electrotechnical Commission. Furthermore, the ARJ45 connector meets the mechanical dimensions specified in IEC 61076-3-110. |
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