| --- |
| license: cc-by-nc-4.0 |
| language: |
| - en |
| tags: |
| - satellite-imagery |
| - remote-sensing |
| - hierarchical |
| - benchmark |
| - pyramid-generation |
| - dense500 |
| size_categories: |
| - 10K<n<100K |
| pretty_name: Dense500 |
| configs: |
| - config_name: default |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: data/train-*.parquet |
| dataset_info: |
| features: |
| - name: image |
| dtype: image |
| - name: location |
| dtype: string |
| - name: site_id |
| dtype: string |
| - name: tag |
| dtype: string |
| - name: continent |
| dtype: string |
| - name: site_lon |
| dtype: float64 |
| - name: site_lat |
| dtype: float64 |
| - name: zoom |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: tile_x |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: tile_y |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: site_start_zoom |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: site_leaf_zoom |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: site_depth |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: is_root |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: is_leaf |
| dtype: bool |
| - name: zoom_window |
| dtype: int32 |
| - name: site_index_in_window |
| dtype: int32 |
| splits: |
| - name: train |
| num_bytes: 1087489040 |
| num_examples: 42500 |
| download_size: 1087489040 |
| dataset_size: 1087489040 |
| --- |
| |
| # Dense500 |
|
|
| Fully observed satellite tile pyramids for multi-scale tile completion. Each |
| site is a complete depth-4 quadtree: 85 tiles of 256×256 at four consecutive |
| zoom levels (1 + 4 + 16 + 64), so any seed configuration can be completed and |
| scored against ground truth at every level. This is the benchmark of Genesis |
| (ACM SIGSPATIAL 2026). A companion retrieval split with object annotations and |
| captions is in |
| [`MVRL/dense500-retrieval`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/MVRL/dense500-retrieval) |
| and |
| [`MVRL/dense500-retrieval-instances`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/MVRL/dense500-retrieval-instances). |
|
|
| ## Construction |
|
|
| Site centers were sampled worldwide with a population prior and continent |
| stratification, restricted to populated areas. Sites are organized in five |
| zoom windows, each sliding a four-level span up the pyramid; for each site, |
| every tile between its root zoom and its leaf zoom was collected. Sites whose |
| imagery source changes between adjacent zoom levels were removed, so every |
| site is visually coherent across its four zooms. |
|
|
| | Window | Root zoom | Leaf zoom | |
| | --- | --- | --- | |
| | W1 | 11 | 14 | |
| | W2 | 12 | 15 | |
| | W3 | 13 | 16 | |
| | W4 | 14 | 17 | |
| | W5 | 15 | 18 | |
|
|
| ## Schema |
|
|
| Each row is one tile. |
|
|
| | Column | Type | Description | |
| | --- | --- | --- | |
| | `image` | image | 256×256 JPEG | |
| | `location` | string | Tile key `"{zoom}_{x}_{y}"` (Web Mercator) | |
| | `site_id` | string | Groups all 85 tiles of one quadtree | |
| | `tag` | string | `naeu_urban` or `global_urban` | |
| | `continent` | string | NA, EU, Asia, Africa, SA, Oceania | |
| | `site_lon`, `site_lat` | float64 | Site center (degrees) | |
| | `zoom`, `tile_x`, `tile_y` | int32 | Web Mercator tile coordinates | |
| | `site_start_zoom`, `site_leaf_zoom` | int32 | Root and leaf zoom of the site | |
| | `site_depth` | int32 | Always 4 | |
| | `is_root`, `is_leaf` | bool | Tile position in its site | |
| | `zoom_window` | int32 | 1 to 5, W1 to W5 | |
| | `site_index_in_window` | int32 | Site index within its window | |
|
|
| ## Loading |
|
|
| ```python |
| from datasets import load_dataset |
| |
| ds = load_dataset("MVRL/dense500", split="train") |
| |
| from collections import defaultdict |
| by_site = defaultdict(list) |
| for row in ds: |
| by_site[row["site_id"]].append(row) |
| |
| w3 = ds.filter(lambda r: r["zoom_window"] == 3) |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## Citation |
|
|
| ```bibtex |
| @inproceedings{khanal2026genesis, |
| author = {Khanal, Subash and Cui, Yangzhi and Cher, Daniel and Xing, Eric and Wei, Brian and Sastry, Srikumar and Jacobs, Nathan}, |
| title = {Genesis: A Generative Engine for Hierarchical Satellite Image Synthesis}, |
| booktitle = {ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems (ACM SIGSPATIAL)}, |
| year = {2026}, |
| doi = {10.1145/3841645.3843313} |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
