question stringlengths 29 100 | answers list | ctxs list | nq_annotated_gold dict |
|---|---|---|---|
when did australia 2 win the america's cup | [
"1983"
] | [
{
"title": "1983 America's Cup",
"text": "Americans by the leeward mark. Conner then engaged \"Australia II\" in a spectacular tacking duel with nearly 50 tacks including a number of faked \"dummy\" tacks trying to break the Australians' cover. \"Australia II\" held on until both boats reached the starboard... | {
"title": "1983 America's Cup",
"long_answer": "The 1983 America's Cup was the occasion of the first winning challenge to the New York Yacht Club, which had successfully defended the cup over a period of 132 years. An Australian syndicate representing the Royal Perth Yacht Club fielded the Australia II, skippered by John Bertrand, against defender Liberty, skippered by Dennis Conner. Australia II won the match races to win the America's Cup, ending the longest winning streak in sporting history and ending U.S. domination of the racing series.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The 1983 America's Cup was the occasion of the first winning challenge to the New York Yacht Club, which had successfully defended the cup over a period of 132 years. An Australian syndicate representing the Royal Perth Yacht Club fielded the Australia II, skippered by John Bertrand, against defender Liberty, skippered by Dennis Conner. Australia II won the match races to win the America's Cup, ending the longest winning streak in sporting history and ending U.S. domination of the racing series.",
"short_answers": [
"1983"
]
} |
where do the maple leafs play hockey in toronto | [
"Air Canada Centre",
"the Air Canada Centre"
] | [
{
"title": "Toronto Maple Leafs",
"text": "Southwestern Ontario. As a result, Leafs’ road games at the Canadian Tire Centre in Ottawa, KeyBank Center in Buffalo, and at the Little Caesars Arena in Detroit host a more neutral attendance. This is due in part to the Leafs fans in those areas, those cities' pro... | {
"title": "Toronto Maple Leafs",
"long_answer": "The Toronto Maple Leafs (officially the Toronto Maple Leaf Hockey Club) are a professional ice hockey team based in Toronto, Ontario. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The club is owned by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment, Ltd. and are represented by Chairman Larry Tanenbaum. With an estimated worth of US $1.1 billion in 2016 according to Forbes, the Leafs are the third most valuable franchise in the NHL, after the Montreal Canadiens and the New York Rangers. The team's broadcasting rights are split between BCE Inc. and Rogers Communication. For their first 14 seasons, the club played their home games at the Mutual Street Arena, before moving to Maple Leaf Gardens in 1931. The club moved to their present home, the Air Canada Centre in February 1999.",
"chunked_long_answer": "club is owned by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment, Ltd. and are represented by Chairman Larry Tanenbaum. With an estimated worth of US $1.1 billion in 2016 according to Forbes, the Leafs are the third most valuable franchise in the NHL, after the Montreal Canadiens and the New York Rangers. The team's broadcasting rights are split between BCE Inc. and Rogers Communication. For their first 14 seasons, the club played their home games at the Mutual Street Arena, before moving to Maple Leaf Gardens in 1931. The club moved to their present home, the Air Canada Centre in February 1999.",
"short_answers": [
"Air Canada Centre",
"the Air Canada Centre"
]
} |
who is hosting e live from the red carpet | [
"Ryan Seacrest",
"Giuliana Rancic"
] | [
{
"title": "Live from the Red Carpet",
"text": "correspond with it: In 2005 TV Guide channel begin airing its own red carpet pre-show. The program got Joan Rivers and her daughter Melissa Rivers to host the program for a reported $8 million for three years. The UK Edition is aired for the British Academy Fi... | {
"title": "Live from the Red Carpet",
"long_answer": "Live From the Red Carpet is the pre-show to the major award shows that airs on E! Entertainment Television. Live From the Red Carpet covers celebrity arrivals and gets you right up for a first-row seat to see the stars and all the excitement with live coverage of the fashion, flair, glitz and glamour. The show is hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Giuliana Rancic.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Live From the Red Carpet is the pre-show to the major award shows that airs on E! Entertainment Television. Live From the Red Carpet covers celebrity arrivals and gets you right up for a first-row seat to see the stars and all the excitement with live coverage of the fashion, flair, glitz and glamour. The show is hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Giuliana Rancic.",
"short_answers": [
"Giuliana Rancic",
"Ryan Seacrest"
]
} |
when does season 8 for blue bloods start | [
"September 29, 2017"
] | [
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 1)",
"text": "13, 2011, Region 2 on September 19, 2011 and Region 4 on September 15, 2011. The first season of \"Blue Bloods\" was produced by Panda Productions, Paw In Your Face Productions and CBS Productions. The series aired in the United States on CBS Friday nights at 10... | {
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 8)",
"long_answer": "The eighth season of Blue Bloods, a police procedural drama series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, premiered on CBS on September 29, 2017. The season is set to contain 22 episodes.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The eighth season of Blue Bloods, a police procedural drama series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, premiered on CBS on September 29, 2017. The season is set to contain 22 episodes.",
"short_answers": [
"September 29, 2017"
]
} |
mainland greece is a body of land with water on three sides called | [
"peninsula",
"peninsular"
] | [
{
"title": "Mesaoria",
"text": "the Mediterranean Sea, on the south by the Troodos mountains and on the north by the Kyrenia mountains (Pentadaktylos). It has an area of approximately 1000 km² (390 mi²). It rises to an altitude of 325 m (1066 ft), with an average elevation of perhaps 100 m (330 ft). There a... | {
"title": "Geography of Greece",
"long_answer": "The country consists of a mountainous, peninsular mainland jutting out into the Mediterranean Sea at the southernmost tip of the Balkans, and two smaller peninsulas projecting from it: the Chalkidice and the Peloponnese, which is joined to the mainland by the Isthmus of Corinth. Greece also has many islands, of various sizes, the largest being Crete, Euboea, Rhodes and Corfu; groups of smaller islands include the Dodecanese and the Cyclades. According to the CIA World Factbook, Greece has 13,676 kilometres (8,498 mi) of coastline, the largest in the Mediterranean Basin.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The country consists of a mountainous, peninsular mainland jutting out into the Mediterranean Sea at the southernmost tip of the Balkans, and two smaller peninsulas projecting from it: the Chalkidice and the Peloponnese, which is joined to the mainland by the Isthmus of Corinth. Greece also has many islands, of various sizes, the largest being Crete, Euboea, Rhodes and Corfu; groups of smaller islands include the Dodecanese and the Cyclades. According to the CIA World Factbook, Greece has 13,676 kilometres (8,498 mi) of coastline, the largest in the Mediterranean Basin.",
"short_answers": [
"peninsular"
]
} |
where did the jungle book story come from | [
"English author Rudyard Kipling"
] | [
{
"title": "Jungle Book (1942 film)",
"text": "downriver, but refuses to leave the jungle, turning back to help animals trapped by the fire. The scene returns to the present day, with the elderly Buldeo telling his story and admitting that the jungle defeated his youthful dreams, and because of his actions ... | {
"title": "The Jungle Book",
"long_answer": "The Jungle Book (1894) is a collection of stories by English author Rudyard Kipling. The stories are fables, using animals in an anthropomorphic manner to give moral lessons. A principal character is the boy or \"man-cub\" Mowgli, who is raised in the jungle by wolves. Other characters include Shere Khan the tiger and Baloo the bear. The book has been adapted many times for film and other media.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Jungle Book (1894) is a collection of stories by English author Rudyard Kipling. The stories are fables, using animals in an anthropomorphic manner to give moral lessons. A principal character is the boy or \"man-cub\" Mowgli, who is raised in the jungle by wolves. Other characters include Shere Khan the tiger and Baloo the bear. The book has been adapted many times for film and other media.",
"short_answers": [
"English author Rudyard Kipling"
]
} |
when does middle-earth shadow of mordor come out | [
"September 2014"
] | [
{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor",
"text": "edition with DLC was announced on April 29, 2015 and released on May 5 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. A special edition, with in-game items and a steelbook, was introduced on August 1. The review aggregator website Metacritic gave the... | {
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor",
"long_answer": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor is an open world action-adventure video game developed by Monolith Productions and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. The game was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One in September 2014 and PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in November 2014. It is the second game set on Middle-earth to be rated Mature by the ESRB, after The Lord of the Rings: War in the North.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor is an open world action-adventure video game developed by Monolith Productions and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. The game was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One in September 2014 and PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in November 2014. It is the second game set on Middle-earth to be rated Mature by the ESRB, after The Lord of the Rings: War in the North.",
"short_answers": [
"September 2014"
]
} |
when does the black panther movie soundtrack come out | [
"February 9, 2018",
"February 16, 2018"
] | [
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "said that \"when the right music is aligned to the right media, especially with these new means of music distribution, primarily streaming, it's created a whole new world for soundtracks that didn't previously exist.\" Interscope Records executive Manny Smit... | {
"title": "Black Panther (film)",
"long_answer": "Ludwig Göransson was hired to compose the film's score by April 2017. Göransson traveled to Senegal and South Africa to record local musicians to form the \"base\" of his soundtrack. Kendrick Lamar produced the film's curated soundtrack, Black Panther: The Album, along with Top Dawg Entertainment founder Anthony Tiffith. Coogler chose Lamar for the project because his \"artistic themes align with those we explore in the film\". Three singles from the album were released throughout January and February 2018: \"All the Stars\", \"King's Dead\", and \"Pray for Me\". Black Panther: The Album was released on February 9, 2018, while a soundtrack of Göransson's score was released on February 16, 2018.",
"chunked_long_answer": "April 2017. Göransson traveled to Senegal and South Africa to record local musicians to form the \"base\" of his soundtrack. Kendrick Lamar produced the film's curated soundtrack, Black Panther: The Album, along with Top Dawg Entertainment founder Anthony Tiffith. Coogler chose Lamar for the project because his \"artistic themes align with those we explore in the film\". Three singles from the album were released throughout January and February 2018: \"All the Stars\", \"King's Dead\", and \"Pray for Me\". Black Panther: The Album was released on February 9, 2018, while a soundtrack of Göransson's score was released on February 16, 2018.",
"short_answers": [
"February 16, 2018",
"February 9, 2018"
]
} |
who is singing in something just like this | [
"Will Champion",
"Coldplay",
"The Chainsmokers",
"Chris Martin"
] | [
{
"title": "Someone like You (Adele song)",
"text": "just what the 'M' in their name actually stands for.\" Writing about the performance, Chris Coplan of Consequence of Sound concluded that \"Someone like You\", \"highlighted the power a bare-bones, booming performance can have in netting people's attentio... | {
"title": "Something Just like This",
"long_answer": "In September 2016, the Chainsmokers shared two short clips of an upcoming song featuring vocals from Chris Martin. On February 22, 2017, Spotify prematurely posted a banner ad at the top of the site's home page with a Listen Now button. The song was also used during Miss USA 2017 swimsuit competition.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In September 2016, the Chainsmokers shared two short clips of an upcoming song featuring vocals from Chris Martin. On February 22, 2017, Spotify prematurely posted a banner ad at the top of the site's home page with a Listen Now button. The song was also used during Miss USA 2017 swimsuit competition.",
"short_answers": [
"Chris Martin"
]
} |
created propaganda to support the war effort & encourage the sale of war bonds | [
"the government"
] | [
{
"title": "American propaganda during World War II",
"text": "bonds so as to keep the program voluntary. The War Advertising Board did its best to convince people that buying bonds was a patriotic act, giving buyers a stake in the war. Advertisements were initially used on radio and in newspapers, but late... | {
"title": "American propaganda during World War II",
"long_answer": "At first, the government was reluctant to engage in propaganda campaigns, but pressure from the media, the business sector and advertisers who wanted direction persuaded the government to take an active role. Even so, the government insisted that its actions were not propaganda, but a means of providing information. These efforts were slowly and haphazardly formed into a more unified propaganda effort, although never to the level of World War I.",
"chunked_long_answer": "At first, the government was reluctant to engage in propaganda campaigns, but pressure from the media, the business sector and advertisers who wanted direction persuaded the government to take an active role. Even so, the government insisted that its actions were not propaganda, but a means of providing information. These efforts were slowly and haphazardly formed into a more unified propaganda effort, although never to the level of World War I.",
"short_answers": [
"the government"
]
} |
who wrote the song fly me to the moon | [
"Bart Howard"
] | [
{
"title": "Fly Me to the Moon (film)",
"text": "Fly Me to the Moon (film) Fly Me to the Moon is a 2008 Belgian-American computer-animated 3D science fiction comedy film directed by Ben Stassen and written by Domonic Paris. It was released in digital 3D in Belgium on 30 January 2008 and in the US and Canada... | {
"title": "Fly Me to the Moon",
"long_answer": "\"Fly Me to the Moon\", originally titled \"In Other Words\", is a song written in 1954 by Bart Howard. Kaye Ballard made the first recording of the song in 1954. Since then it has become a frequently recorded jazz standard often featured in popular culture; Frank Sinatra's 1964 version was closely associated with the Apollo missions to the Moon, and the Japanese animated series Neon Genesis Evangelion played the song (as covered by various artists) at the end of every episode.",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"Fly Me to the Moon\", originally titled \"In Other Words\", is a song written in 1954 by Bart Howard. Kaye Ballard made the first recording of the song in 1954. Since then it has become a frequently recorded jazz standard often featured in popular culture; Frank Sinatra's 1964 version was closely associated with the Apollo missions to the Moon, and the Japanese animated series Neon Genesis Evangelion played the song (as covered by various artists) at the end of every episode.",
"short_answers": [
"Bart Howard"
]
} |
who discovered one of the first taxonomic classification schemes | [
"Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus"
] | [
{
"title": "Antonio José Cavanilles",
"text": "Antonio José Cavanilles Antonio José Cavanilles (16 January 1745 – 5 May 1804) was a leading Spanish taxonomic botanist of the 18th century. He named many plants, particularly from Oceania. He named at least 100 genera, about 54 of which were still used in 200... | {
"title": "Taxonomy (biology)",
"long_answer": "Taxonomy (from Ancient Greek τάξις (taxis), meaning 'arrangement', and -νομία (-nomia), meaning 'method') is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped together into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given a taxonomic rank; groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a super-group of higher rank, thus creating a taxonomic hierarchy. The principal ranks in modern use are domain, kingdom, phylum (division is sometimes used in botany in place of phylum), class, order, family, genus and species. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus is regarded as the father of taxonomy, as he developed a system known as Linnaean taxonomy for categorization of organisms and binomial nomenclature for naming organisms.",
"chunked_long_answer": "organisms on the basis of shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped together into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given a taxonomic rank; groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a super-group of higher rank, thus creating a taxonomic hierarchy. The principal ranks in modern use are domain, kingdom, phylum (division is sometimes used in botany in place of phylum), class, order, family, genus and species. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus is regarded as the father of taxonomy, as he developed a system known as Linnaean taxonomy for categorization of organisms and binomial nomenclature for naming organisms.",
"short_answers": [
"Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus"
]
} |
who sings in everybody dies in their nightmares | [
"XXXTentacion"
] | [
{
"title": "Nightmares (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)",
"text": "Nightmares plague everyone and Buffy learns Billy has experienced some sort of punishment for poor baseball skills. They evade the scary man and find themselves in a graveyard where The Master confronts Buffy, and buries her alive. Meanwhile, Will... | {
"title": "17 (XXXTentacion album)",
"long_answer": "Seven songs—\"Jocelyn Flores\", \"Revenge\", \"Fuck Love\", \"Everybody Dies in Their Nightmares\", \"Depression & Obsession\", \"Save Me\" and \"Carry On\"—debuted in the Billboard Hot 100 at number 31, 77, 41, 54, 91, 94 and 95 respectively with Jocelyn Flores becoming XXXTentacion's highest charting song since Look At Me, which peaked at 31 on September 16, 2017. Three songs—\"Jocelyn Flores\", \"Everybody Dies in Their Nightmares\" and \"Fuck Love\"—debuted in the top 100 of the UK Singles Chart, at number 56, 88 and 99 respectively. Jocelyn Flores peaked at 39 on the UK Singles Chart.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Seven songs—\"Jocelyn Flores\", \"Revenge\", \"Fuck Love\", \"Everybody Dies in Their Nightmares\", \"Depression & Obsession\", \"Save Me\" and \"Carry On\"—debuted in the Billboard Hot 100 at number 31, 77, 41, 54, 91, 94 and 95 respectively with Jocelyn Flores becoming XXXTentacion's highest charting song since Look At Me, which peaked at 31 on September 16, 2017. Three songs—\"Jocelyn Flores\", \"Everybody Dies in Their Nightmares\" and \"Fuck Love\"—debuted in the top 100 of the UK Singles Chart, at number 56, 88 and 99 respectively. Jocelyn Flores peaked at 39 on the UK Singles Chart.",
"short_answers": [
"XXXTentacion"
]
} |
where does this season's survivor take place | [
"Mamanuca Islands, Fiji",
"Ghost Island"
] | [
{
"title": "Survivor: One World",
"text": "as the second-worst season of all time on Rob Cesternino's podcast website, only behind \"Redemption Island\". Survivor: One World Survivor: One World is the 24th season of the American CBS competitive reality television series \"Survivor\", featuring 18 new castaw... | {
"title": "Survivor (U.S. TV series)",
"long_answer": "The 36th season, Survivor: Ghost Island, will premiere on February 28, 2018.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The 36th season, Survivor: Ghost Island, will premiere on February 28, 2018.",
"short_answers": [
"Ghost Island"
]
} |
when was the first election held in india | [
"1951–52"
] | [
{
"title": "1999 Indian general election",
"text": "1999 Indian general election General Elections were held in India from 5 September to 3 October 1999, a few months after the Kargil War. The 13th Lok Sabha election is of historical importance as it was the first time a united front of parties managed to a... | {
"title": "Indian general election, 1951–52",
"long_answer": "The Indian general election of 1951–52 elected the first Lok Sabha since India became independent in August 1947. Until this point, the Indian Constituent Assembly had served as an interim legislature. See the 'Durations' section below to find the time-range associated with these elections.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Indian general election of 1951–52 elected the first Lok Sabha since India became independent in August 1947. Until this point, the Indian Constituent Assembly had served as an interim legislature. See the 'Durations' section below to find the time-range associated with these elections.",
"short_answers": [
"1951–52"
]
} |
what is the term of an official in the house of representatives | [
"two-year",
"Speaker of the House",
"Two years",
"Representatives"
] | [
{
"title": "Speaker of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)",
"text": "a backrest that is higher than the other seats in the House. The Speaker is elected by the Members of the House. Such an election takes place shortly after a general election or after the position became vacant. The House adopts a ... | {
"title": "United States House of Representatives",
"long_answer": "The composition of the House is established by Article One of the United States Constitution. The House is composed of Representatives who sit in congressional districts that are allocated to each of the 50 states on a basis of population as measured by the U.S. Census, with each district entitled to one representative. Since its inception in 1789, all Representatives have been directly elected. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435. As of the 2010 Census, the largest delegation is that of California, with fifty-three representatives. Seven states have the smallest delegation possible, a single representative: Alaska, Delaware, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The composition of the House is established by Article One of the United States Constitution. The House is composed of Representatives who sit in congressional districts that are allocated to each of the 50 states on a basis of population as measured by the U.S. Census, with each district entitled to one representative. Since its inception in 1789, all Representatives have been directly elected. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435. As of the 2010 Census, the largest delegation is that of California, with fifty-three representatives. Seven states have the smallest delegation possible, a single",
"short_answers": [
"Representatives"
]
} |
where was the first t20 cricket match played | [
"Lord's"
] | [
{
"title": "Dr. Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy ACA–VDCA Cricket Stadium",
"text": "his maiden one day international century (148) in 2005. After being given Test status, it hosted its first test match in November 2016, between India and England. India won the match by 246 runs. The Stadium hosted its first T20I in... | {
"title": "Twenty20",
"long_answer": "The first official Twenty20 matches were played on 13 June 2003 between the English counties in the Twenty20 Cup. The first season of Twenty20 in England was a relative success, with the Surrey Lions defeating the Warwickshire Bears by 9 wickets in the final to claim the title. The first Twenty20 match held at Lord's, on 15 July 2004 between Middlesex and Surrey, attracted a crowd of 27,509, the highest attendance for any county cricket game at the ground – other than a one-day final – since 1953.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The first official Twenty20 matches were played on 13 June 2003 between the English counties in the Twenty20 Cup. The first season of Twenty20 in England was a relative success, with the Surrey Lions defeating the Warwickshire Bears by 9 wickets in the final to claim the title. The first Twenty20 match held at Lord's, on 15 July 2004 between Middlesex and Surrey, attracted a crowd of 27,509, the highest attendance for any county cricket game at the ground – other than a one-day final – since 1953.",
"short_answers": [
"Lord's"
]
} |
which us ship was captured off the coast of massachusetts by the british | [
"USS Chesapeake"
] | [
{
"title": "HMS Blonde (1760)",
"text": "HMS Blonde (1760) HMS \"Blonde\" was a 32-gun fifth rate warship of the British Royal Navy captured from the French in 1760. The ship wrecked on Blonde Rock with American prisoners on board. An American privateer Captain Daniel Adams rescued the American prisoners an... | {
"title": "Capture of USS Chesapeake",
"long_answer": "The Capture of USS Chesapeake, or the Battle of Boston Harbor, was fought on 1 June 1813, between the Royal Navy's frigate HMS Shannon and American frigate USS Chesapeake, as part of the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain. The Chesapeake was captured in a brief but intense action in which over 80 men were killed. This was the only frigate action of the war in which there was no preponderance of force on either side.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Capture of USS Chesapeake, or the Battle of Boston Harbor, was fought on 1 June 1813, between the Royal Navy's frigate HMS Shannon and American frigate USS Chesapeake, as part of the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain. The Chesapeake was captured in a brief but intense action in which over 80 men were killed. This was the only frigate action of the war in which there was no preponderance of force on either side.",
"short_answers": [
"USS Chesapeake"
]
} |
who came up with the initial concept of protons and neutrons | [
"Dmitri Ivanenko",
"Werner Heisenberg"
] | [
{
"title": "Discovery of the neutron",
"text": "that of the proton. Rutherford determined that such a zero-charge particle would be difficult to detect by available techniques. By 1921 Rutherford had named the uncharged particle the \"neutron\", while about that same time the word \"proton\" was adopted for... | {
"title": "Discovery of the neutron",
"long_answer": "Given the problems of the proton–electron model, it was quickly accepted that the atomic nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons, although the precise nature of the neutron was initially unclear. Within months after the discovery of the neutron, Werner Heisenberg and Dmitri Ivanenko had proposed proton–neutron models for the nucleus. Heisenberg's landmark papers approached the description of protons and neutrons in the nucleus through quantum mechanics. While Heisenberg's theory for protons and neutrons in the nucleus was a \"major step toward understanding the nucleus as a quantum mechanical system,\" he still assumed the presence of nuclear electrons. In particular, Heisenberg assumed the neutron was a proton–electron composite, for which there is no quantum mechanical explanation. Heisenberg had no explanation for how lightweight electrons could be bound within the nucleus. Heisenberg introduced the first theory of nuclear exchange forces that bind the nucleons. He considered protons and neutrons to be different quantum states of the same particle, i.e., nucleons distinguished by the value of their nuclear isospin quantum numbers.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Given the problems of the proton–electron model, it was quickly accepted that the atomic nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons, although the precise nature of the neutron was initially unclear. Within months after the discovery of the neutron, Werner Heisenberg and Dmitri Ivanenko had proposed proton–neutron models for the nucleus. Heisenberg's landmark papers approached the description of protons and neutrons in the nucleus through quantum mechanics. While Heisenberg's theory for protons and neutrons in the nucleus was a \"major step toward understanding the nucleus as a quantum mechanical system,\" he still assumed the presence of nuclear electrons. In particular,",
"short_answers": [
"Dmitri Ivanenko",
"Werner Heisenberg"
]
} |
when does the regular season start in mlb | [
"March 29, 2018"
] | [
{
"title": "Major League Baseball schedule",
"text": "Major League Baseball schedule The Major League Baseball (MLB) season schedule consists of 162 games for each of the 30 teams in the American League (AL) and National League (NL), played over approximately six months—a total of 2,430 games, plus the post... | {
"title": "2018 Major League Baseball season",
"long_answer": "The 2018 Major League Baseball season began on March 29, 2018, and is scheduled to end on September 30. The postseason will begin on October 2. The 2018 World Series is set to begin on October 23, and a potential Game 7 is scheduled on October 31.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The 2018 Major League Baseball season began on March 29, 2018, and is scheduled to end on September 30. The postseason will begin on October 2. The 2018 World Series is set to begin on October 23, and a potential Game 7 is scheduled on October 31.",
"short_answers": [
"March 29, 2018"
]
} |
when is season 4 of flash coming out | [
"October 10, 2017",
"on October 10, 2017"
] | [
{
"title": "The Flash (season 5)",
"text": "is produced by Berlanti Productions, Warner Bros. Television, and DC Entertainment, with Todd Helbing serving as showrunner. The season was ordered in April 2018, and production began that July. Grant Gustin stars as Barry, with principal cast members Candice Patt... | {
"title": "The Flash (season 4)",
"long_answer": "The fourth season began airing on October 10, 2017, and is set to run for 23 episodes on The CW until May 22, 2018.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The fourth season began airing on October 10, 2017, and is set to run for 23 episodes on The CW until May 22, 2018.",
"short_answers": [
"October 10, 2017",
"on October 10, 2017"
]
} |
role of malonyl coa in fatty acid synthesis | [
"chain elongation"
] | [
{
"title": "Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency",
"text": "chromosome 16q24. The gene encodes the enzyme malonyl-CoA decarboxylase. Within cells, this enzyme helps regulate the formation and breakdown of a certain group of fats called fatty acids. Many tissues, including heart muscle, use fatty acids as a ... | {
"title": "Malonyl-CoA",
"long_answer": "It plays a key role in chain elongation in fatty acid biosynthesis and polyketide biosynthesis.",
"chunked_long_answer": "It plays a key role in chain elongation in fatty acid biosynthesis and polyketide biosynthesis.",
"short_answers": [
"chain elongation"
]
} |
where is simple squamous epithelium found in the body | [
"alveoli",
"outer layer of skin",
"capillaries",
"glomeruli"
] | [
{
"title": "Epithelium",
"text": "form is epithelia. Epithelium Epithelium () is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissues line the outer surfaces of organs and blood vessels throughout the body, as well as the inner surf... | {
"title": "Simple squamous epithelium",
"long_answer": "A simple squamous epithelium is a single layer of flat cells in contact with the basal lamina (one of the two layers of the basement membrane) of the epithelium. This type of epithelium is often permeable and occurs where small molecules need to pass quickly through membranes via filtration or diffusion. Simple squamous epithelia are found in capillaries, alveoli, glomeruli, outer layer of skin and other tissues where rapid diffusion is required. Cells are flat with flattened and oblong nucleus. It is also called pavement epithelium due to its tile-like appearance. This epithelium is associated with filtration and diffusion.This tissue is extremely thin, and forms a delicate lining. It offers very little protection.",
"chunked_long_answer": "is a single layer of flat cells in contact with the basal lamina (one of the two layers of the basement membrane) of the epithelium. This type of epithelium is often permeable and occurs where small molecules need to pass quickly through membranes via filtration or diffusion. Simple squamous epithelia are found in capillaries, alveoli, glomeruli, outer layer of skin and other tissues where rapid diffusion is required. Cells are flat with flattened and oblong nucleus. It is also called pavement epithelium due to its tile-like appearance. This epithelium is associated with filtration and diffusion.This tissue is extremely thin, and",
"short_answers": [
"alveoli",
"capillaries",
"glomeruli",
"outer layer of skin"
]
} |
when did the crucifix become the symbol of christianity | [
"in the 2nd century",
"4th century",
"the 4th century"
] | [
{
"title": "Crucifix",
"text": "by the Lutheran and Anglican Churches. The symbol is less common in churches of other Protestant denominations, which prefer to use a cross without the figure of Jesus (the \"corpus\"). The crucifix emphasizes Jesus' sacrifice — his death by crucifixion, which Christians beli... | {
"title": "Christian cross",
"long_answer": "However, the cross symbol was already associated with Christians in the 2nd century, as is indicated in the anti-Christian arguments cited in the Octavius of Minucius Felix, chapters IX and XXIX, written at the end of that century or the beginning of the next, and by the fact that by the early 3rd century the cross had become so closely associated with Christ that Clement of Alexandria, who died between 211 and 216, could without fear of ambiguity use the phrase τὸ κυριακὸν σημεῖον (the Lord's sign) to mean the cross, when he repeated the idea, current as early as the apocryphal Epistle of Barnabas, that the number 318 (in Greek numerals, ΤΙΗ) in Genesis 14:14 was interpreted as a foreshadowing (a \"type\") of the cross (T, an upright with crossbar, standing for 300) and of Jesus (ΙΗ, the first two letter of his name ΙΗΣΟΥΣ, standing for 18), and his contemporary Tertullian could designate the body of Christian believers as crucis religiosi, i.e. \"devotees of the Cross\". In his book De Corona, written in 204, Tertullian tells how it was already a tradition for Christians to trace repeatedly on their foreheads the sign of the cross. The crucifix, a cross upon which an image of Christ is present, is not known to have been used until the 6th century AD.",
"chunked_long_answer": "However, the cross symbol was already associated with Christians in the 2nd century, as is indicated in the anti-Christian arguments cited in the Octavius of Minucius Felix, chapters IX and XXIX, written at the end of that century or the beginning of the next, and by the fact that by the early 3rd century the cross had become so closely associated with Christ that Clement of Alexandria, who died between 211 and 216, could without fear of ambiguity use the phrase τὸ κυριακὸν σημεῖον (the Lord's sign) to mean the cross, when he repeated the idea, current as early as the apocryphal Epistle of Barnabas, that the number 318 (in Greek numerals, ΤΙΗ) in Genesis 14:14 was interpreted as a foreshadowing (a \"type\") of the cross (T, an upright with crossbar, standing for 300) and of Jesus (ΙΗ, the first two letter of his name ΙΗΣΟΥΣ, standing for 18), and his contemporary Tertullian could designate the body of Christian believers as crucis religiosi, i.e. \"devotees of the Cross\". ",
"short_answers": [
"in the 2nd century"
]
} |
who wrote the song rainy days and mondays | [
"Paul Williams",
"Roger Nichols",
"Roger Nichols and Paul Williams"
] | [
{
"title": "Rainy Days and Mondays",
"text": "Rainy Days and Mondays \"Rainy Days and Mondays\" is a 1971 song by the Carpenters, with instrumental backing by L.A. session musicians from the Wrecking Crew, that went to number 2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, It's Too Late/I Feel the Earth Move by Carol... | {
"title": "Rainy Days and Mondays",
"long_answer": "The song was composed in 1971 by the then fairly unknown composers Roger Nichols and Paul Williams. It was released as the first track on the album Carpenters, popularly known as the Tan Album, and the B-side on the single is \"Saturday\", written and sung by Richard Carpenter.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The song was composed in 1971 by the then fairly unknown composers Roger Nichols and Paul Williams. It was released as the first track on the album Carpenters, popularly known as the Tan Album, and the B-side on the single is \"Saturday\", written and sung by Richard Carpenter.",
"short_answers": [
"Paul Williams",
"Roger Nichols",
"Roger Nichols and Paul Williams"
]
} |
why wasnt agent matthews in miss congeniality 2 | [
"relocated to Miami",
"gets relocated to Miami"
] | [
{
"title": "Miss Congeniality (film)",
"text": "agency is alerted, via a letter from the notorious domestic terrorist known only as \"The Citizen\", to a bomb threat at the upcoming 75th annual Miss United States beauty pageant in San Antonio, Texas. Gracie's partner Eric Matthews is put in charge, and he r... | {
"title": "Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous",
"long_answer": "To capitalize on her publicity, the FBI decide to make Gracie the new \"face\" of the FBI. Hurt after being dumped by her boyfriend, fellow Agent Eric Matthews (who gets relocated to Miami), she agrees to the reassignment.",
"chunked_long_answer": "To capitalize on her publicity, the FBI decide to make Gracie the new \"face\" of the FBI. Hurt after being dumped by her boyfriend, fellow Agent Eric Matthews (who gets relocated to Miami), she agrees to the reassignment.",
"short_answers": [
"gets relocated to Miami",
"relocated to Miami"
]
} |
who played nicky on the drew carey show | [
"Kate Walsh"
] | [
{
"title": "The Drew Carey Show",
"text": "The Drew Carey Show The Drew Carey Show is an American sitcom that aired on ABC from 1995 to 2004, and was set in Cleveland, Ohio, and revolved around the retail office and home life of \"everyman\" Drew Carey, a fictionalized version of the actor. The show was cre... | {
"title": "The Drew Carey Show",
"long_answer": "Drew also got married a number of times during this portion of the show. His first marriage was to Diane, a cocktail waitress in Las Vegas. This was only temporary however, as she needed Drew to retain custody of her children. His second marriage was to Mr. Wick, who forced Drew to marry him in a sham same-sex civil union in Vermont (the only place it was legal at the time) in hopes that the marriage would placate the Immigration and Naturalization Service. At the beginning of Season 7, Drew married both Nikki and Kate (the former had been a recurring character for some time since Season 3, and suffered from weight problems). They found out about this and all three of these marriages ended in divorce, and Drew became known as the \"Impotent Bisexual Bigamist\". Nikki eventually returned, and the actress, Kate Walsh, donned a fat suit again and moved in with Drew.",
"chunked_long_answer": "in a sham same-sex civil union in Vermont (the only place it was legal at the time) in hopes that the marriage would placate the Immigration and Naturalization Service. At the beginning of Season 7, Drew married both Nikki and Kate (the former had been a recurring character for some time since Season 3, and suffered from weight problems). They found out about this and all three of these marriages ended in divorce, and Drew became known as the \"Impotent Bisexual Bigamist\". Nikki eventually returned, and the actress, Kate Walsh, donned a fat suit again and moved in with Drew.",
"short_answers": [
"Kate Walsh"
]
} |
who designed the traffic circle in long beach ca | [
"German engineer Werner Ruchti",
"Werner Ruchti"
] | [
{
"title": "Los Alamitos Circle",
"text": "significantly dropped, making the circle one of the safest statistically in the nation. The aforementioned modifications ran a cost of $350,000. The Los Alamitos Traffic Circle was very similar to the 1932 Garces Memorial Circle located in Bakersfield, though the B... | {
"title": "Los Alamitos Circle",
"long_answer": "In 1930, German engineer Werner Ruchti was contracted to design the traffic circle, which was to be based on European models. Construction was expedited in order to accommodate the increased vehicle traffic that was expected with the 1932 Summer Olympics, held in Los Angeles, as many of the aquatic and rowing events were to be held in Long Beach.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In 1930, German engineer Werner Ruchti was contracted to design the traffic circle, which was to be based on European models. Construction was expedited in order to accommodate the increased vehicle traffic that was expected with the 1932 Summer Olympics, held in Los Angeles, as many of the aquatic and rowing events were to be held in Long Beach.",
"short_answers": [
"German engineer Werner Ruchti",
"Werner Ruchti"
]
} |
what type of tale is the pardoner's tale | [
"a moral tale",
"an extended exemplum"
] | [
{
"title": "The Pardoner's Tale",
"text": "Pardoner might also be seen as a reinforcement of the Apostolic Authority of the priesthood, which, according to the Catholic Church, functions fully even when the one possessing that authority is in a state of mortal sin, which in this case is supported by how the... | {
"title": "The Pardoner's Tale",
"long_answer": "The tale itself is an extended exemplum. Setting out to kill Death, three young men encounter an Old Man who says they will find him under a nearby tree. When they arrive they discover a hoard of treasure and decide to stay with it until nightfall and carry it away under cover of darkness. Out of greed, they murder each other. The tale and prologue are primarily concerned with what the Pardoner says is his \"theme\": Radix malorum est cupiditas (\"Greed is the root of [all] evils\").",
"chunked_long_answer": "The tale itself is an extended exemplum. Setting out to kill Death, three young men encounter an Old Man who says they will find him under a nearby tree. When they arrive they discover a hoard of treasure and decide to stay with it until nightfall and carry it away under cover of darkness. Out of greed, they murder each other. The tale and prologue are primarily concerned with what the Pardoner says is his \"theme\": Radix malorum est cupiditas (\"Greed is the root of [all] evils\").",
"short_answers": [
"an extended exemplum"
]
} |
who scored fastest 10000 runs in test cricket | [
"Alastair Cook",
"Kumar Sangakkara",
"Brian Lara",
"Sachin Tendulkar"
] | [
{
"title": "Vinod Kambli",
"text": "the record for the fastest Indian player (14 innings) to reach 1000 runs in Tests. He scored 224 against England at Wankhede Stadium in 1993 as his maiden test century in his third test. In the next test against Zimbabwe, he scored 227. In his next test series he scored 1... | {
"title": "List of players who have scored 10,000 or more runs in Test cricket",
"long_answer": "Brian Lara took the least number of innings (195) to reach the 10,000 run mark, later equalled by Sachin Tendulkar and Kumar Sangakkara, while Australia's Steve Waugh took 244 innings to achieve the feat. Alastair Cook is the fastest in terms of time span, taking 10 years and 87 days. The time taken by Shivnarine Chanderpaul (18 years and 37 days) is the slowest among all. As of May 2017, Tendulkar leads the list with 15,921 runs followed by Ricky Ponting of Australia with 13,378.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Brian Lara took the least number of innings (195) to reach the 10,000 run mark, later equalled by Sachin Tendulkar and Kumar Sangakkara, while Australia's Steve Waugh took 244 innings to achieve the feat. Alastair Cook is the fastest in terms of time span, taking 10 years and 87 days. The time taken by Shivnarine Chanderpaul (18 years and 37 days) is the slowest among all. As of May 2017, Tendulkar leads the list with 15,921 runs followed by Ricky Ponting of Australia with 13,378.",
"short_answers": [
"Alastair Cook",
"Brian Lara",
"Kumar Sangakkara",
"Sachin Tendulkar"
]
} |
when did red dead redemption 1 come out | [
"May 18, 2010",
"May 2010"
] | [
{
"title": "Red Dead Redemption 2",
"text": "2016, depicting the open world environment, and the second and third trailers—released on September 28, 2017, and May 2, 2018, respectively—introduced the game's characters and story. A trailer released on August 9 features the first gameplay footage. It demonstr... | {
"title": "Red Dead Redemption",
"long_answer": "Red Dead Redemption is a Western-themed action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar San Diego and published by Rockstar Games. It was released for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles in May 2010. It is the second title in the Red Dead franchise, after 2004's Red Dead Revolver. The game, set during the decline of the American frontier in the year 1911, follows John Marston, a former outlaw whose wife and son are taken hostage by the government in ransom for his services as a hired gun. Having no other choice, Marston sets out to bring the three members of his former gang to justice.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Red Dead Redemption is a Western-themed action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar San Diego and published by Rockstar Games. It was released for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles in May 2010. It is the second title in the Red Dead franchise, after 2004's Red Dead Revolver. The game, set during the decline of the American frontier in the year 1911, follows John Marston, a former outlaw whose wife and son are taken hostage by the government in ransom for his services as a hired gun. Having no other choice, Marston sets out to bring the three members of his",
"short_answers": [
"May 2010"
]
} |
when was the first driver's license required | [
"1888",
"1 January 1904"
] | [
{
"title": "Driver's license",
"text": "the last of them being Belgium where, until 1977, it was possible to purchase and hold a license without having to undergo a driving test. As automobile-related fatalities soared in North America, public outcry provoked legislators to begin studying the French and Ger... | {
"title": "Driver's license",
"long_answer": "Karl Benz, inventor of the modern automobile, had to receive written permission from the Grand Ducal authorities to operate his car on public roads in 1888 after residents complained about the noise and smell of his Motorwagen. Up until the start of the 20th century, European authorities issued licenses to drive motor vehicles similarly ad hoc, if at all.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Karl Benz, inventor of the modern automobile, had to receive written permission from the Grand Ducal authorities to operate his car on public roads in 1888 after residents complained about the noise and smell of his Motorwagen. Up until the start of the 20th century, European authorities issued licenses to drive motor vehicles similarly ad hoc, if at all.",
"short_answers": [
"1888"
]
} |
list of books written by abul kalam azad | [
"Ghubar-e-Khatir",
"Tarjumanul Quran",
"Tazkirah",
"India Wins Freedom"
] | [
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad",
"text": "Abul Kalam Azad, written primarily during 1942 to 1946 when he was imprisoned in Ahmednagar Fort in Maharashtra by British Raj while he was in Bombay (now Mumbai) to preside over the meeting of All India Congress Working Committee. The book is basically a collection of... | {
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad",
"long_answer": "Maulana Azad is considered one of the greatest Urdu writers of the 20th century. He has written many books including India Wins Freedom, Ghubar-e-Khatir, Tazkirah, Tarjumanul Quran, etc.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Maulana Azad is considered one of the greatest Urdu writers of the 20th century. He has written many books including India Wins Freedom, Ghubar-e-Khatir, Tazkirah, Tarjumanul Quran, etc.",
"short_answers": [
"Ghubar-e-Khatir",
"India Wins Freedom",
"Tarjumanul Quran",
"Tazkirah"
]
} |
who is next in line to inherit the british throne | [
"Charles, Prince of Wales"
] | [
{
"title": "George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews",
"text": "French and German. Downpatrick is the most senior potential heir to Queen Elizabeth II excluded from the line of succession for being a Roman Catholic under the Act of Settlement 1701, followed by his younger sister Lady Marina Charlotte Windsor, who... | {
"title": "Succession to the British throne",
"long_answer": "Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign, and her heir apparent is her eldest son, Charles, Prince of Wales. Next in line after him is Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, the Prince of Wales's elder son. Third in line is Prince George, the son of the Duke of Cambridge, followed by his sister, Princess Charlotte. Fifth in line is Prince Henry of Wales, the younger son of the Prince of Wales. Sixth in line is Prince Andrew, Duke of York, the Queen's second-eldest son. Any of the first six in line marrying without the sovereign's consent would be disqualified from succession.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign, and her heir apparent is her eldest son, Charles, Prince of Wales. Next in line after him is Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, the Prince of Wales's elder son. Third in line is Prince George, the son of the Duke of Cambridge, followed by his sister, Princess Charlotte. Fifth in line is Prince Henry of Wales, the younger son of the Prince of Wales. Sixth in line is Prince Andrew, Duke of York, the Queen's second-eldest son. Any of the first six in line marrying without the sovereign's consent would be disqualified from succession.",
"short_answers": [
"Charles, Prince of Wales"
]
} |
when does rick and morty play on tv | [
"late-night"
] | [
{
"title": "Rick and Morty (season 2)",
"text": "Rick and Morty (season 2) The second season of the animated television series \"Rick and Morty\" originally aired on Cartoon Network's late night programming block Adult Swim in the United States on July 26, 2015 with \"A Rickle in Time\", and concluded on Oc... | {
"title": "Rick and Morty",
"long_answer": "Rick and Morty is an American adult animated science fiction comedy series created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon for Cartoon Network's late-night programming block Adult Swim. The series follows the misadventures of cynical mad scientist Rick Sanchez and his fretful, easily influenced grandson Morty Smith, who split their time between domestic life and interdimensional adventures. The series premiered on December 2, 2013, and the third season concluded on October 1, 2017. A fourth season has been mentioned, first by Harmon in a September 2017 interview, and later in the post-credits scene of the third season's finale. However, as of April 2018, its future remains uncertain.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Rick and Morty is an American adult animated science fiction comedy series created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon for Cartoon Network's late-night programming block Adult Swim. The series follows the misadventures of cynical mad scientist Rick Sanchez and his fretful, easily influenced grandson Morty Smith, who split their time between domestic life and interdimensional adventures. The series premiered on December 2, 2013, and the third season concluded on October 1, 2017. A fourth season has been mentioned, first by Harmon in a September 2017 interview, and later in the post-credits scene of the third season's finale. However, as of",
"short_answers": [
"late-night"
]
} |
how many ammendments to the constitution have there been | [
"Twenty-seven",
"Thirty-three"
] | [
{
"title": "Constitutional Convention (United States)",
"text": "delegates were pleased with the results; thirteen left before the ceremony, and three of those remaining refused to sign: Edmund Randolph of Virginia, George Mason of Virginia, and Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts. George Mason demanded a Bill ... | {
"title": "List of amendments to the United States Constitution",
"long_answer": "Thirty-three amendments to the United States Constitution have been proposed by the United States Congress and sent to the states for ratification since the Constitution was put into operation on March 4, 1789. Twenty-seven of these, having been ratified by the requisite number of states, are part of the Constitution. The first ten amendments were adopted and ratified simultaneously and are known collectively as the Bill of Rights. Six amendments adopted by Congress and sent to the states have not been ratified by the required number of states. Four of these amendments are still technically open and pending, one is closed and has failed by its own terms, and one is closed and has failed by the terms of the resolution proposing it.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Thirty-three amendments to the United States Constitution have been proposed by the United States Congress and sent to the states for ratification since the Constitution was put into operation on March 4, 1789. Twenty-seven of these, having been ratified by the requisite number of states, are part of the Constitution. The first ten amendments were adopted and ratified simultaneously and are known collectively as the Bill of Rights. Six amendments adopted by Congress and sent to the states have not been ratified by the required number of states. Four of these amendments are still technically open and pending, one is",
"short_answers": [
"Thirty-three",
"Twenty-seven"
]
} |
original cast of natasha pierre and the great comet of 1812 | [
"Amber Gray",
"Blake DeLong",
"Paul Pinto",
"Shaina Taub",
"Dave Malloy",
"Nick Choksi",
"Brittain Ashford",
"Phillipa Soo",
"Lucas Steele",
"Amelia Workman"
] | [
{
"title": "Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812",
"text": "and really don't care.\" \"Time Out New York\" gave the piece five out of five stars, and also included it on both critics' Best of lists, stating \"this is theater like no other in New York. It grounds you and transports you at once, and leav... | {
"title": "Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812",
"long_answer": "The musical premiered on October 16, 2012, at Ars Nova; directed by Rachel Chavkin the show was staged as an immersive production, with action happening around and among the audience. The set designed by Mimi Lien and lights by Bradley King transformed Ars Nova into a Russian supper club. The creative team was completed by Paloma Young as costume designer, Matt Hubbs as sound designer, and Dave Malloy as musical director. The cast included Malloy as Pierre, Phillipa Soo as Natasha, Lucas Steele as Anatole, Amber Gray as Hélène, Brittain Ashford as Sonya, Nick Choksi as Dolokhov, Shaina Taub as Mary, Blake DeLong as Andrey/Prince Bolkonsky, Amelia Workman as Marya D. and Paul Pinto (who also served as associate music director) as Balaga. The show was the first production of Ars Nova to ever transfer to Broadway.",
"chunked_long_answer": "designed by Mimi Lien and lights by Bradley King transformed Ars Nova into a Russian supper club. The creative team was completed by Paloma Young as costume designer, Matt Hubbs as sound designer, and Dave Malloy as musical director. The cast included Malloy as Pierre, Phillipa Soo as Natasha, Lucas Steele as Anatole, Amber Gray as Hélène, Brittain Ashford as Sonya, Nick Choksi as Dolokhov, Shaina Taub as Mary, Blake DeLong as Andrey/Prince Bolkonsky, Amelia Workman as Marya D. and Paul Pinto (who also served as associate music director) as Balaga. The show was the first production of Ars Nova",
"short_answers": [
"Amber Gray",
"Amelia Workman",
"Blake DeLong",
"Brittain Ashford",
"Dave Malloy",
"Lucas Steele",
"Nick Choksi",
"Paul Pinto",
"Phillipa Soo",
"Shaina Taub"
]
} |
who sang smoke gets in your eyes first | [
"Gertrude Niesen",
"Tamara Drasin"
] | [
{
"title": "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes",
"text": "Orchestra recorded the song. That version appears on \"70 Years of Broadway, Vol. 1: 1924–1935\". Kurt Elling covered the song on his 2000 live album \"Live in Chicago\"; the album was nominated for a Grammy the following year for Best Vocal Jazz Album. \"Smoke... | {
"title": "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes",
"long_answer": "\"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes\" is a show tune written by American composer Jerome Kern and lyricist Otto Harbach for their 1933 musical Roberta. The song was sung in the original Broadway show by Tamara Drasin. Its first recorded performance was by Gertrude Niesen, who recorded the song with orchestral direction from Ray Sinatra, Frank Sinatra's second cousin, on October 13, 1933. Niesen's recording of the song was released by Victor, catalog# VE B 24454, with the B-side, \"Jealousy\", featuring Isham Jones and his Orchestra.",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes\" is a show tune written by American composer Jerome Kern and lyricist Otto Harbach for their 1933 musical Roberta. The song was sung in the original Broadway show by Tamara Drasin. Its first recorded performance was by Gertrude Niesen, who recorded the song with orchestral direction from Ray Sinatra, Frank Sinatra's second cousin, on October 13, 1933. Niesen's recording of the song was released by Victor, catalog# VE B 24454, with the B-side, \"Jealousy\", featuring Isham Jones and his Orchestra.",
"short_answers": [
"Gertrude Niesen",
"Tamara Drasin"
]
} |
who is the owner of the mandalay bay in vegas | [
"MGM Resorts International"
] | [
{
"title": "Mandalay Resort Group",
"text": "Mandalay Resort Group Mandalay Resort Group (formerly Circus Circus Enterprises) was a hotel-casino operator based in Paradise, Nevada. Its major properties included Mandalay Bay, Luxor, Excalibur and Circus Circus, as well as half of the Monte Carlo. In terms of... | {
"title": "Mandalay Bay",
"long_answer": "Mandalay Bay is a 43-story luxury resort and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International. One of the property's towers operates as the Delano; the Four Seasons Hotel is independently operated within the Mandalay Bay tower, occupying 5 floors (35–39).",
"chunked_long_answer": "Mandalay Bay is a 43-story luxury resort and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International. One of the property's towers operates as the Delano; the Four Seasons Hotel is independently operated within the Mandalay Bay tower, occupying 5 floors (35–39).",
"short_answers": [
"MGM Resorts International"
]
} |
who votes in the baseball hall of fame | [
"or the Veterans Committee",
"Veterans Committee"
] | [
{
"title": "1999 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "authority to select one from each of those two special ballots. It elected four people, the maximum number permitted: first baseman Orlando Cepeda from the 1960s, umpire Nestor Chylak, pitcher Smokey Joe Williams from the Negro Leagues, and manager... | {
"title": "National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum",
"long_answer": "Players are currently inducted into the Hall of Fame through election by either the Baseball Writers' Association of America (or BBWAA), or the Veterans Committee, which now consists of four subcommittees, each of which considers and votes for candidates from a separate era of baseball. Five years after retirement, any player with 10 years of major league experience who passes a screening committee (which removes from consideration players of clearly lesser qualification) is eligible to be elected by BBWAA members with 10 years' membership or more who also have been actively covering MLB at any time in the 10 years preceding the election (the latter requirement was added for the 2016 election). From a final ballot typically including 25–40 candidates, each writer may vote for up to 10 players; until the late 1950s, voters were advised to cast votes for the maximum 10 candidates. Any player named on 75% or more of all ballots cast is elected. A player who is named on fewer than 5% of ballots is dropped from future elections. In some instances, the screening committee had restored their names to later ballots, but in the mid-1990s, dropped players were made permanently ineligible for Hall of Fame consideration, even by the Veterans Committee. A 2001 change in the election procedures restored the eligibility of these dropped players; while their names will not appear on future BBWAA ballots, they may be considered by the Veterans Committee. Players receiving 5% or more of the votes but fewer than 75% are reconsidered annually until a maximum of ten years of eligibility (lowered from fifteen years for the 2015 election).",
"chunked_long_answer": "Players are currently inducted into the Hall of Fame through election by either the Baseball Writers' Association of America (or BBWAA), or the Veterans Committee, which now consists of four subcommittees, each of which considers and votes for candidates from a separate era of baseball. Five years after retirement, any player with 10 years of major league experience who passes a screening committee (which removes from consideration players of clearly lesser qualification) is eligible to be elected by BBWAA members with 10 years' membership or more who also have been actively covering MLB at any time in the 10 years preceding the election (the latter requirement was added for the 2016 election). From a final ballot typically including 25–40 candidates, each writer may vote for up to 10 players; until the late 1950s, voters were advised to cast votes for the maximum 10 candidates. Any player named on 75% or more of all ballots cast is elected. A player who is named on fewer than 5% of ballots is dropped from future elections. In some instances, the screening committee had restored their names to later ballots, but in the mid-1990s, dropped players were made permanently ineligible for Hall of Fame consideration, even by the Veterans Committee. A 2001 change in the election procedures restored the eligibility of these dropped players; while their names will not appear on future BBWAA ballots, they may be considered by the Veterans Committee. ",
"short_answers": [
"Veterans Committee",
"or the Veterans Committee"
]
} |
who played taylor on the bold and beautiful | [
"Hunter Tylo",
"Sherilyn Wolter",
"Sherilyn Wolter (1990)"
] | [
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "who is usually resilient, falls into a tailspin: accidentally killing Darla Forrester (Schae Harrison) in a hit and run accident and lying about it, later being arrested for driving under the influence. Tylo confessed, \"These were the kinds o... | {
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"long_answer": "Taylor Hayes is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful, portrayed by Hunter Tylo. The character was created by William J. Bell and debuted during the episode dated June 6, 1990. Tylo appeared as a regular continuously until 1994 when she took a hiatus for a few months before being written back into the series. In 1996, she left the serial after being cast on Melrose Place, where she was soon fired on the grounds of being pregnant, and returned shortly after. In 2002, Tylo and the show's executive producer Bradley Bell had mutually agreed that the character was \"played out\", and Taylor was subsequently killed off, last appearing on October 30, 2002. Tylo returned in 2004, reprising Taylor as a ghost. She returned on a permanent basis in April 2005, with the character revealed to be alive. Tylo exited The Bold and the Beautiful again in July 2013, but returned for multiple guest appearances in 2014. She returned again in April 2018.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Taylor Hayes is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful, portrayed by Hunter Tylo. The character was created by William J. Bell and debuted during the episode dated June 6, 1990. Tylo appeared as a regular continuously until 1994 when she took a hiatus for a few months before being written back into the series. In 1996, she left the serial after being cast on Melrose Place, where she was soon fired on the grounds of being pregnant, and returned shortly after. In 2002, Tylo and the show's executive producer Bradley Bell had",
"short_answers": [
"Hunter Tylo"
]
} |
what do you call initials that stand for something | [
"acronym",
"An acronym"
] | [
{
"title": "Name-letter effect",
"text": "name initials. No evidence was found, neither for a between-subjects effect (e.g. Judy did not like things starting with J, such as jam, more than Doug liked things starting with J), nor for a within-individuals effect (e.g. Judy did not like jam more than honey). T... | {
"title": "Acronym",
"long_answer": "An acronym is a word or name formed as an abbreviation from the initial components in a phrase or a word, usually individual letters (as in NATO or laser) and sometimes syllables (as in Benelux).",
"chunked_long_answer": "An acronym is a word or name formed as an abbreviation from the initial components in a phrase or a word, usually individual letters (as in NATO or laser) and sometimes syllables (as in Benelux).",
"short_answers": [
"An acronym",
"acronym"
]
} |
who expanded the palace of versailles to its present size | [
"Louis XIV",
"Louis XV"
] | [
{
"title": "Palace of Versailles",
"text": "a grand scale. The first phase of the expansion (c. 1661–1678) was designed and supervised by the architect Louis Le Vau. Initially he added two wings to the forecourt, one for servants quarters and kitchens, the other for stables. In 1668 he added three new wings... | {
"title": "History of the Palace of Versailles",
"long_answer": "Louis XIII's successor, Louis XIV, had a great interest in Versailles. He settled on the royal hunting lodge at Versailles, and over the following decades had it expanded into one of the largest palaces in the world. Beginning in 1661, the architect Louis Le Vau, landscape architect André Le Nôtre, and painter-decorator Charles Lebrun began a detailed renovation and expansion of the château. This was done to fulfill Louis XIV's desire to establish a new centre for the royal court. Following the Treaties of Nijmegen in 1678, he began to gradually move the court to Versailles. The court was officially established there on 6 May 1682.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Louis XIII's successor, Louis XIV, had a great interest in Versailles. He settled on the royal hunting lodge at Versailles, and over the following decades had it expanded into one of the largest palaces in the world. Beginning in 1661, the architect Louis Le Vau, landscape architect André Le Nôtre, and painter-decorator Charles Lebrun began a detailed renovation and expansion of the château. This was done to fulfill Louis XIV's desire to establish a new centre for the royal court. Following the Treaties of Nijmegen in 1678, he began to gradually move the court to Versailles. The court was officially",
"short_answers": [
"Louis XIV"
]
} |
when did holland become involved in world war 2 | [
"15 May 1940",
"10 May 1940"
] | [
{
"title": "Cedric Holland",
"text": "with a special interest in signalling and naval communications. He was promoted to lieutenant-commander after the war, and was in the Mediterranean during the Turkish War of Independence. He graduated to his own commands shortly after, commanding a cruiser on the China ... | {
"title": "Netherlands in World War II",
"long_answer": "The direct involvement of the Netherlands in World War II began with its invasion by Nazi Germany on 10 May 1940. The Netherlands had proclaimed neutrality when war broke out in September 1939, just as it had in World War I, but Adolf Hitler ordered it to be invaded anyway. On 15 May 1940, one day after the bombing of Rotterdam, the Dutch forces surrendered. The Dutch government and the royal family escaped and went into exile in London.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The direct involvement of the Netherlands in World War II began with its invasion by Nazi Germany on 10 May 1940. The Netherlands had proclaimed neutrality when war broke out in September 1939, just as it had in World War I, but Adolf Hitler ordered it to be invaded anyway. On 15 May 1940, one day after the bombing of Rotterdam, the Dutch forces surrendered. The Dutch government and the royal family escaped and went into exile in London.",
"short_answers": [
"10 May 1940",
"15 May 1940"
]
} |
when was the first ford f 150 made | [
"1975"
] | [
{
"title": "Ford F-Series (twelfth generation)",
"text": "sold as the Lincoln Mark LT in Mexico. For the 2010 model year, the SVT Raptor high-performance truck was introduced; unlike its Lightning predecessor, it was a vehicle dedicated to off-road driving. In North America, the twelfth-generation F-150 was... | {
"title": "Ford F-Series",
"long_answer": "In 1975, the F-150 was introduced in between the F-100 and the F-250 in order to avoid certain emission control restrictions. For 1978, square headlights replaced the previous models' round ones on higher trim package models, such as Lariat and Ranger, and in 1979 became standard equipment. Also for 1978, the Ford Bronco was redesigned into a variant of the F-series pickup. 1979 was the last year that the 460 big block engine was available in a half ton truck.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In 1975, the F-150 was introduced in between the F-100 and the F-250 in order to avoid certain emission control restrictions. For 1978, square headlights replaced the previous models' round ones on higher trim package models, such as Lariat and Ranger, and in 1979 became standard equipment. Also for 1978, the Ford Bronco was redesigned into a variant of the F-series pickup. 1979 was the last year that the 460 big block engine was available in a half ton truck.",
"short_answers": [
"1975"
]
} |
which philosopher advocated the idea of return to nature | [
"Bacon"
] | [
{
"title": "Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche",
"text": "the idea of the Eternal Recurrence in the works of Heinrich Heine, who speculated that one day a person would be born with the same thought-processes as himself, and that the same applied to every other individual. Nietzsche expanded on this thought t... | {
"title": "Nature (philosophy)",
"long_answer": "Following Bacon's advice, the scientific search for the formal cause of things is now replaced by the search for \"laws of nature\" or \"laws of physics\" in all scientific thinking. To use Aristotle's well-known terminology these are descriptions of efficient cause, and not formal cause or final cause. It means modern science limits its hypothesizing about non-physical things to the assumption that there are regularities to the ways of all things which do not change.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Following Bacon's advice, the scientific search for the formal cause of things is now replaced by the search for \"laws of nature\" or \"laws of physics\" in all scientific thinking. To use Aristotle's well-known terminology these are descriptions of efficient cause, and not formal cause or final cause. It means modern science limits its hypothesizing about non-physical things to the assumption that there are regularities to the ways of all things which do not change.",
"short_answers": [
"Bacon"
]
} |
when did canada gain independence from great britain | [
"April 17, 1982"
] | [
{
"title": "Canada Day",
"text": "Quebec upon Confederation). Canada became a \"kingdom in its own right\" within the British Empire named the \"Dominion of Canada\". Although still a British colony, Canada gained an increased level of political control and governance over its own affairs, the British parli... | {
"title": "Canada Act 1982",
"long_answer": "Canada's Constitution Act, 1982 was signed into law by Elizabeth II as Queen of Canada on April 17, 1982 on Parliament Hill in Ottawa. Queen Elizabeth's constitutional powers over Canada were not affected by the Act, and she remains Queen and Head of State of Canada. Canada has complete sovereignty as an independent country, however, and the Queen's role as monarch of Canada is separate from her role as the British monarch or the monarch of any of the other Commonwealth realms.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Canada's Constitution Act, 1982 was signed into law by Elizabeth II as Queen of Canada on April 17, 1982 on Parliament Hill in Ottawa. Queen Elizabeth's constitutional powers over Canada were not affected by the Act, and she remains Queen and Head of State of Canada. Canada has complete sovereignty as an independent country, however, and the Queen's role as monarch of Canada is separate from her role as the British monarch or the monarch of any of the other Commonwealth realms.",
"short_answers": [
"April 17, 1982"
]
} |
when were birth certificates first issued in the united states | [
"1902",
"1900",
"From 1900 to 1946"
] | [
{
"title": "Sealed birth records",
"text": "illegitimate birth. After World War II, the laws in most states were changed to permanently seal adoptees' original birth certificates to all parties. Kansas and Alaska never sealed adoptees' original birth certificates and many states and provinces of the U.S. an... | {
"title": "Birth certificate",
"long_answer": "The federal and state governments have traditionally cooperated to some extent to improve vital statistics. From 1900 to 1946 the U.S. Census Bureau designed standard birth certificates, collected vital statistics on a national basis, and generally sought to improve the accuracy of vital statistics. In 1946 that responsibility was passed to the U.S. Public Health Service. Unlike the British system of recording all births in \"registers\", the states file an individual document for each and every birth.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The federal and state governments have traditionally cooperated to some extent to improve vital statistics. From 1900 to 1946 the U.S. Census Bureau designed standard birth certificates, collected vital statistics on a national basis, and generally sought to improve the accuracy of vital statistics. In 1946 that responsibility was passed to the U.S. Public Health Service. Unlike the British system of recording all births in \"registers\", the states file an individual document for each and every birth.",
"short_answers": [
"1900",
"From 1900 to 1946"
]
} |
when did marley die in a christmas carol | [
"December 24, 1836"
] | [
{
"title": "A Christmas Carol (2000 film)",
"text": "killing, but chooses not disclose this information to the police, or Marley's family. On Christmas Eve, Eddie awakens from a nightmare about the night of Marley's death, and is taught the true meaning of Christmas by the three ghosts of Christmas, past, p... | {
"title": "Jacob Marley",
"long_answer": "In A Christmas Carol, Marley is the first character mentioned in the first line of the story. Jacob Marley is said to have died seven years earlier on Christmas Eve (as the setting is Christmas Eve 1843, this would have made the date of his passing December 24, 1836).",
"chunked_long_answer": "In A Christmas Carol, Marley is the first character mentioned in the first line of the story. Jacob Marley is said to have died seven years earlier on Christmas Eve (as the setting is Christmas Eve 1843, this would have made the date of his passing December 24, 1836).",
"short_answers": [
"December 24, 1836"
]
} |
time of the state of the nation address | [
"after 9pm ET"
] | [
{
"title": "State of the Nation Address (South Africa)",
"text": "of the Government Communications and Information Service (GCiS). State of the Nation Address (South Africa) The State of the Nation Address of the President of South Africa (abbreviated SONA) is an annual event in the Republic of South Africa... | {
"title": "State of the Union",
"long_answer": "What began as a communication between president and Congress has become a communication between the president and the people of the United States. Since the advent of radio, and then television, the speech has been broadcast live on most networks, preempting scheduled programming. To reach the largest audience, the speech, once given during the day, is now typically given in the evening, after 9pm ET (UTC-5).",
"chunked_long_answer": "What began as a communication between president and Congress has become a communication between the president and the people of the United States. Since the advent of radio, and then television, the speech has been broadcast live on most networks, preempting scheduled programming. To reach the largest audience, the speech, once given during the day, is now typically given in the evening, after 9pm ET (UTC-5).",
"short_answers": [
"after 9pm ET"
]
} |
what are the ranks in the us navy | [
"E-8s senior chief petty officer",
"E-9s master chief petty officer"
] | [
{
"title": "Navy",
"text": "The United Kingdom's Royal Navy has had similar restrictions. Australia, Canada, Norway, and Spain previously opened submarine service to women sailors. A navy will typically have two sets of ranks, one for enlisted personnel and one for officers. Typical ranks for commissioned o... | {
"title": "List of United States Navy enlisted rates",
"long_answer": "A United States Navy enlisted rate indicates where an enlisted sailor stands within the chain of command, and also defines one's pay grade. An enlisted sailor's rate is similar conceptually to a naval officer's rank. Only naval officers carry the term \"rank\". The word rate refers to an enlisted sailor's pay grade, while the word rating refers to one's area of occupational specialization within the enlisted Navy. Associated with the enlisted pay grades is a numbering system from the most junior enlisted sailor (\"E-1\") to the most senior enlisted sailor (\"E-9\"). This enlisted numbering system is the same across all five branches of the U.S. military. All E-1 through E-3 are known as Seamen. E-4 through E-6 are called petty officers. All E-7s are called chief petty officer, E-8s senior chief petty officer, and E-9s master chief petty officer. Rates are displayed on a rating badge, which is a combination of rate and rating. E-2s and E-3s have color-coded group rate marks based on their career field. Personnel in pay grade E-1, since 1996, do not have an insignia to wear.",
"chunked_long_answer": "is a numbering system from the most junior enlisted sailor (\"E-1\") to the most senior enlisted sailor (\"E-9\"). This enlisted numbering system is the same across all five branches of the U.S. military. All E-1 through E-3 are known as Seamen. E-4 through E-6 are called petty officers. All E-7s are called chief petty officer, E-8s senior chief petty officer, and E-9s master chief petty officer. Rates are displayed on a rating badge, which is a combination of rate and rating. E-2s and E-3s have color-coded group rate marks based on their career field. Personnel in pay grade E-1, since",
"short_answers": [
"E-8s senior chief petty officer",
"E-9s master chief petty officer"
]
} |
who owns the majority of the us debt | [
"China",
"Japan and China",
"Japan",
"the public"
] | [
{
"title": "National debt of the United States",
"text": "public portion is moved and combined with the total government portion, because this amount is owned by the Federal Reserve as part of United States monetary policy. (See Federal Reserve System.) As is apparent from the chart, a little less than half... | {
"title": "National debt of the United States",
"long_answer": "On November 7, 2016, debt held by the public was $14.3 trillion or about 76% of the previous 12 months of GDP. Intragovernmental holdings stood at $5.4 trillion, giving a combined total gross national debt of $19.8 trillion or about 106% of the previous 12 months of GDP; $6.2 trillion or approximately 45% of the debt held by the public was owned by foreign investors, the largest of which were Japan and China at about $1.09 trillion for Japan and $1.06 trillion for China as of December 2016.",
"chunked_long_answer": "On November 7, 2016, debt held by the public was $14.3 trillion or about 76% of the previous 12 months of GDP. Intragovernmental holdings stood at $5.4 trillion, giving a combined total gross national debt of $19.8 trillion or about 106% of the previous 12 months of GDP; $6.2 trillion or approximately 45% of the debt held by the public was owned by foreign investors, the largest of which were Japan and China at about $1.09 trillion for Japan and $1.06 trillion for China as of December 2016.",
"short_answers": [
"Japan",
"Japan and China",
"the public"
]
} |
where is wake forest located in north carolina | [
"78.51889°W",
"in Franklin and Wake counties",
"35.97333°N"
] | [
{
"title": "Wake Forest, North Carolina",
"text": "of it (0.80%) is water. Wake Forest is located in the northeast central region of North Carolina, where the North American Piedmont and Atlantic Coastal Plain regions meet. This area is known as the \"Fall Line\" because it marks the elevation inland at whi... | {
"title": "Wake Forest, North Carolina",
"long_answer": "Wake Forest is a town in Franklin and Wake counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina; located almost entirely in Wake County, it lies just north of the state capital, Raleigh. The population was 30,117 at the 2010 census, up from 12,588 at the 2000 census. The U.S. Census Bureau estimates the city's population to be 34,752 as of July 1, 2013. In 2007, the town was listed by Forbes magazine as the 20th fastest growing suburb in America, with a 73.2 percent increase in population between 2000 and 2006. Wake Forest was the original home of Wake Forest University for 122 years before it moved to Winston-Salem in 1956.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Wake Forest is a town in Franklin and Wake counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina; located almost entirely in Wake County, it lies just north of the state capital, Raleigh. The population was 30,117 at the 2010 census, up from 12,588 at the 2000 census. The U.S. Census Bureau estimates the city's population to be 34,752 as of July 1, 2013. In 2007, the town was listed by Forbes magazine as the 20th fastest growing suburb in America, with a 73.2 percent increase in population between 2000 and 2006. Wake Forest was the original home of Wake Forest",
"short_answers": [
"in Franklin and Wake counties"
]
} |
where is dakar located on the world map | [
"Senegal"
] | [
{
"title": "Dakar",
"text": "the unified West African CFA currency), and to numerous international organizations, NGOs and international research centers. Dakar has a large Lebanese community (concentrated in the import-export sector) that dates to the 1920s, a community of Moroccan business people, as well... | {
"title": "Dakar",
"long_answer": "Dakar (English: /dɑːˈkɑːr, ˈdækər/; French: [dakaʁ]) is the capital and largest city of Senegal. It is located on the Cap-Vert peninsula on the Atlantic coast and is the westernmost city in the Old World as well as on the African mainland. The city of Dakar proper has a population of 1,030,594, whereas the population of the Dakar metropolitan area is estimated at 2.45 million.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Dakar (English: /dɑːˈkɑːr, ˈdækər/; French: [dakaʁ]) is the capital and largest city of Senegal. It is located on the Cap-Vert peninsula on the Atlantic coast and is the westernmost city in the Old World as well as on the African mainland. The city of Dakar proper has a population of 1,030,594, whereas the population of the Dakar metropolitan area is estimated at 2.45 million.",
"short_answers": [
"Senegal"
]
} |
who is credited with the discovery of the neutron | [
"James Chadwick"
] | [
{
"title": "Franz N. D. Kurie",
"text": "Franz N. D. Kurie Franz Newell Devereux Kurie (February 6, 1907 in Victor, Colorado – June 12, 1972) was an American physicist who, while working at Yale in 1933, showed that the neutron was neither a dumbbell-shaped combination of proton and electron, nor an onion-s... | {
"title": "Discovery of the neutron",
"long_answer": "The essential nature of the atomic nucleus was established with the discovery of the neutron by James Chadwick in 1932 and the determination that it was a new elementary particle, distinct from the proton.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The essential nature of the atomic nucleus was established with the discovery of the neutron by James Chadwick in 1932 and the determination that it was a new elementary particle, distinct from the proton.",
"short_answers": [
"James Chadwick"
]
} |
where did an independence movement occur because of the congress of vienna | [
"Italy",
"Norway"
] | [
{
"title": "Pan-Slavism",
"text": "Jozef Šafárik. The movement began following the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815. In the aftermath, the leaders of Europe sought to restore the pre-war status quo. At the Congress of Vienna, Austria's representative, Prince von Metternich, felt the threat to this status ... | {
"title": "Congress of Vienna",
"long_answer": "The Treaty of Chaumont in 1814 had reaffirmed decisions that had been made already and that would be ratified by the more important Congress of Vienna of 1814-15. They included the establishment of a confederated Germany, the division of Italy into independent states, the restoration of the Bourbon kings of Spain, and the enlargement of the Netherlands to include what in 1830 became modern Belgium. The Treaty of Chaumont became the cornerstone of the European Alliance that formed the balance of power for decades. Other partial settlements had already occurred at the Treaty of Paris between France and the Sixth Coalition, and the Treaty of Kiel that covered issues raised regarding Scandinavia. The Treaty of Paris had determined that a \"general congress\" should be held in Vienna and that invitations would be issued to \"all the Powers engaged on either side in the present war\". The opening was scheduled for July 1814.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Treaty of Chaumont in 1814 had reaffirmed decisions that had been made already and that would be ratified by the more important Congress of Vienna of 1814-15. They included the establishment of a confederated Germany, the division of Italy into independent states, the restoration of the Bourbon kings of Spain, and the enlargement of the Netherlands to include what in 1830 became modern Belgium. The Treaty of Chaumont became the cornerstone of the European Alliance that formed the balance of power for decades. Other partial settlements had already occurred at the Treaty of Paris between France and the Sixth",
"short_answers": [
"Italy"
]
} |
who played the princess in kingsman secret service | [
"Hanna Alström"
] | [
{
"title": "Kingsman: The Secret Service",
"text": "Floberg appear as Crown Princess Tilde of Sweden, and Swedish Prime Minister Morten Lindström, respectively. Jack Cutmore-Scott portrays Rufus Saville, and Lily Travers portrays Lady Sophie. Jonno Davies played Lee Unwin, Eggsy's father and a former Kingsm... | {
"title": "Kingsman: The Secret Service",
"long_answer": "Hanna Alström and Bjørn Floberg appear as Crown Princess Tilde of Sweden, and Swedish Prime Minister Morten Lindström, respectively. Jack Cutmore-Scott portrays Rufus Saville, and Lily Travers portrays Lady Sophie. Jonno Davies played Lee Unwin, Eggsy's father and a former Kingsman candidate who sacrificed himself to save Hart. Nicholas Banks, Nicholas Agnew, Rowan Polonski and Tom Prior portrayed, respectively, Digby Barker, Nathaniel, Piers and Hugo Higins, the other four Kingsman candidates. Fiona Hampton played Amelia, a Kingsman employee who masquerades as a candidate in order to \"die\" during the first test. Richard Brake played the interrogator during the penultimate test, Ralph Ineson the police interviewer after Eggsy's arrest, whereas Corey Johnson starred as a fanatic church leader, and Velibor Topić portrayed the biggest goon in the bar fight scene. Tobias Bakare and Theo Barklem-Biggs play Eggsy's friends Jamal and Ryan.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Hanna Alström and Bjørn Floberg appear as Crown Princess Tilde of Sweden, and Swedish Prime Minister Morten Lindström, respectively. Jack Cutmore-Scott portrays Rufus Saville, and Lily Travers portrays Lady Sophie. Jonno Davies played Lee Unwin, Eggsy's father and a former Kingsman candidate who sacrificed himself to save Hart. Nicholas Banks, Nicholas Agnew, Rowan Polonski and Tom Prior portrayed, respectively, Digby Barker, Nathaniel, Piers and Hugo Higins, the other four Kingsman candidates. Fiona Hampton played Amelia, a Kingsman employee who masquerades as a candidate in order to \"die\" during the first test. Richard Brake played the interrogator during the penultimate test,",
"short_answers": [
"Hanna Alström"
]
} |
when did the three little pigs come out | [
"first published in 1890",
"1933",
"c.1886",
"1886"
] | [
{
"title": "The Three Little Pigs",
"text": "Pigs\" (), which follows the three daughters of the pig with the house of stone with new original songs, introducing a completely new story loosely based on the original story. The musical was specially written for the band K3, who play the three little pigs, Pir... | {
"title": "The Three Little Pigs",
"long_answer": "The Three Little Pigs was included in The Nursery Rhymes of England (London and New York, c.1886), by James Halliwell-Phillipps. The story in its arguably best-known form appeared in English Fairy Tales by Joseph Jacobs, first published in 1890 and crediting Halliwell as his source. The story begins with the title characters being sent out into the world by their mother, to \"seek out their fortune\". The first little pig builds a house of straw, but a wolf blows it down and devours him. The second little pig builds a house of sticks, which the wolf also blows down, and the second little pig is also devoured. Each exchange between wolf and pig features ringing proverbial phrases, namely:",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Three Little Pigs was included in The Nursery Rhymes of England (London and New York, c.1886), by James Halliwell-Phillipps. The story in its arguably best-known form appeared in English Fairy Tales by Joseph Jacobs, first published in 1890 and crediting Halliwell as his source. The story begins with the title characters being sent out into the world by their mother, to \"seek out their fortune\". The first little pig builds a house of straw, but a wolf blows it down and devours him. The second little pig builds a house of sticks, which the wolf also blows down, and",
"short_answers": [
"1886",
"c.1886",
"first published in 1890"
]
} |
who is the first president to be impeached | [
"Andrew Johnson",
"Johnson"
] | [
{
"title": "Impeachment of Merceditas Gutierrez",
"text": "Impeachment of Merceditas Gutierrez The Philippine Ombudsman Merceditas Gutierrez was impeached by the House of Representatives on charges of the office's alleged underperformance and failure to act on several cases during the presidency of Gloria M... | {
"title": "Impeachment of Andrew Johnson",
"long_answer": "This was the first impeachment of a President since creation of the office in 1789. The culmination of a lengthy political battle between Johnson, a lifelong Democrat and the Republican majority in Congress over how best to deal with the defeated Southern states following the conclusion of the American Civil War, the impeachment, and the subsequent trial (and acquittal) of Johnson were among the most dramatic events in the political life of the nation during the Reconstruction Era. Together, they have gained a historical reputation as an act of political expedience, rather than necessity, which was based on Johnson's defiance of an unconstitutional piece of legislation, and which was conducted with little regard for the will of a general public which, despite the unpopularity of Johnson, opposed the impeachment.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The culmination of a lengthy political battle between Johnson, a lifelong Democrat and the Republican majority in Congress over how best to deal with the defeated Southern states following the conclusion of the American Civil War, the impeachment, and the subsequent trial (and acquittal) of Johnson were among the most dramatic events in the political life of the nation during the Reconstruction Era. Together, they have gained a historical reputation as an act of political expedience, rather than necessity, which was based on Johnson's defiance of an unconstitutional piece of legislation, and which was conducted with little regard for the will of a general public which, despite the unpopularity of Johnson, opposed the impeachment.",
"short_answers": [
"Johnson"
]
} |
what kind of beer is st pauli girl | [
"Special Dark",
"Lager",
"Non-Alcoholic Malt Beverage"
] | [
{
"title": "St. Pauli Girl",
"text": "St Pauli Girl website claims that their beer is the number two selling German beer in the United States. Since 1982, St. Pauli Girl Beer has chosen a model to represent the beer brand nationally each year and appear on the popular St. Pauli Girl poster. St. Pauli Girl S... | {
"title": "St. Pauli Girl",
"long_answer": "The brand derives its name from the fact that the original brewery, which was established in 1857 by Lüder Rutenberg, was located next to the former St. Paul's Friary (de) in Bremen. There are currently three brands of beer brewed: St. Pauli Girl Lager, St. Pauli Girl Special Dark and St. Pauli Non-Alcoholic Malt Beverage. The beer is only produced for export and is not sold in Germany.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The brand derives its name from the fact that the original brewery, which was established in 1857 by Lüder Rutenberg, was located next to the former St. Paul's Friary (de) in Bremen. There are currently three brands of beer brewed: St. Pauli Girl Lager, St. Pauli Girl Special Dark and St. Pauli Non-Alcoholic Malt Beverage. The beer is only produced for export and is not sold in Germany.",
"short_answers": [
"Lager",
"Non-Alcoholic Malt Beverage",
"Special Dark"
]
} |
when does like cage season 2 come out | [
"June 22, 2018"
] | [
{
"title": "Luke Cage (season 2)",
"text": "after a Pete Rock & CL Smooth song. Reg E. Cathey has a recurring role as Cage's father in one of his last performances, and the season is dedicated to his memory. The season premiered on June 21, 2018, before all 13 episodes were released on Netflix on June 22. I... | {
"title": "Luke Cage (season 2)",
"long_answer": "The season is set to premiere June 22, 2018.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The season is set to premiere June 22, 2018.",
"short_answers": [
"June 22, 2018"
]
} |
when was the south asian association for regional co-operation (saarc) formed | [
"December 1985",
"8 December 1985"
] | [
{
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"text": "in upgrading its status from an observer to a full member of SAARC. Russia has applied for observer status membership of SAARC. Turkey applied for observer status membership of SAARC in 2012. South Africa has participated in meetings. T... | {
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"long_answer": "SAARC was founded in Dhaka on 8 December 1985. Its secretariat is based in Kathmandu, Nepal. The organization promotes development of economic and regional integration. It launched the South Asian Free Trade Area in 2006. SAARC maintains permanent diplomatic relations at the United Nations as an observer and has developed links with multilateral entities, including the European Union.",
"chunked_long_answer": "SAARC was founded in Dhaka on 8 December 1985. Its secretariat is based in Kathmandu, Nepal. The organization promotes development of economic and regional integration. It launched the South Asian Free Trade Area in 2006. SAARC maintains permanent diplomatic relations at the United Nations as an observer and has developed links with multilateral entities, including the European Union.",
"short_answers": [
"8 December 1985",
"December 1985"
]
} |
what hangs from the trees in the bayou | [
"Spanish moss"
] | [
{
"title": "Bayou De View",
"text": "the form of tupelo, bald cypress, hickory, pine and other native trees of the hardwood and softwood families. This area used to be known as part of the \"Big Woods\" of Arkansas, but most of the standing timber was cleared for farming by the second half of the 20th centu... | {
"title": "Spanish moss",
"long_answer": "Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) is an epiphytic flowering plant that often grows upon larger trees in tropical and subtropical climates, native to much of Mexico, Bermuda, the Bahamas, Central America, South America, the southern United States, and the West Indies as well as being naturalized in Queensland (Australia) known as \"grandpas beard\" and in French Polynesia. In the United States from where it is most known, it is commonly found on the southern live oak (Quercus virginiana) and bald-cypress (Taxodium distichum) in the lowlands, swamps, and savannas of the southeastern United States from Texas and Florida north through southern Arkansas.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) is an epiphytic flowering plant that often grows upon larger trees in tropical and subtropical climates, native to much of Mexico, Bermuda, the Bahamas, Central America, South America, the southern United States, and the West Indies as well as being naturalized in Queensland (Australia) known as \"grandpas beard\" and in French Polynesia. In the United States from where it is most known, it is commonly found on the southern live oak (Quercus virginiana) and bald-cypress (Taxodium distichum) in the lowlands, swamps, and savannas of the southeastern United States from Texas and Florida north through southern Arkansas.",
"short_answers": [
"Spanish moss"
]
} |
who wrote the song would i lie to you | [
"Peter Vale",
"Mike Leeson"
] | [
{
"title": "Would I Lie to You? (Charles & Eddie song)",
"text": "rumbling Hammond organ fills, and an insinuating, live drum beat.\" Irish DJ and producer John Gibbons released a cover of the song titled \"Would I Lie to You\". Gibbons co-produced the song with Colin Hanley, while Wez Clarke mixed the trac... | {
"title": "Would I Lie to You? (Charles & Eddie song)",
"long_answer": "\"Would I Lie to You?\" is an R&B song by American duo Charles & Eddie. Written by Mike Leeson and Peter Vale and produced by Josh Deutsch, \"Would I Lie to You?\" was the debut single by the pop-soul duo, and it proved to be their biggest hit. A major international success, it reached number one on the UK Singles Chart for two weeks in November 1992, and was also number one in New Zealand, Germany and Austria. It was a top five hit in several other European countries while in Australia and Canada it went to number 3. The single became a Top 20 hit in the US, peaking at number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 and it enjoyed award-winning sales, earning a platinum record in the UK, a gold record in both Germany and Austria and silver record award in France.",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"Would I Lie to You?\" is an R&B song by American duo Charles & Eddie. Written by Mike Leeson and Peter Vale and produced by Josh Deutsch, \"Would I Lie to You?\" was the debut single by the pop-soul duo, and it proved to be their biggest hit. A major international success, it reached number one on the UK Singles Chart for two weeks in November 1992, and was also number one in New Zealand, Germany and Austria. It was a top five hit in several other European countries while in Australia and Canada it went to number 3. The",
"short_answers": [
"Mike Leeson",
"Peter Vale"
]
} |
number of films in lord of the rings | [
"three"
] | [
{
"title": "Andy Serkis",
"text": "Andy Serkis Andrew Clement Serkis (born 20 April 1964) is an English actor and film director. He is best known for his performance capture roles comprising motion capture acting, animation and voice work for such computer-generated characters as Gollum in \"The Lord of the... | {
"title": "The Lord of the Rings (film series)",
"long_answer": "The Lord of the Rings is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the novel The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien. The films are subtitled The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002) and The Return of the King (2003). They are a New Zealand-American venture produced by WingNut Films and The Saul Zaentz Company and distributed by New Line Cinema.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Lord of the Rings is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the novel The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien. The films are subtitled The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002) and The Return of the King (2003). They are a New Zealand-American venture produced by WingNut Films and The Saul Zaentz Company and distributed by New Line Cinema.",
"short_answers": [
"three"
]
} |
is jaffa cakes a biscuit or a cake | [
"Cake",
"biscuit-sized cakes",
"cakes"
] | [
{
"title": "Israeli cuisine",
"text": "original desserts like halva parfait. Ma'amoul are small shortbread pastries filled with dates, pistachios or walnuts (or occasionally almonds, figs, or other fillings). Ozne Haman is a sweet yeast dough filled with crushed nuts, raisins, dried apricots, dates, halva o... | {
"title": "Jaffa Cakes",
"long_answer": "Jaffa Cakes are biscuit-sized cakes introduced by McVitie and Price in the UK in 1927 and named after Jaffa oranges. The most common form of Jaffa cakes are circular, 2 ⁄8 inches (54 mm) in diameter and have three layers: a Genoise sponge base, a layer of orange flavoured jam and a coating of chocolate. Jaffa cakes are also available as bars or in small packs, and in larger and smaller sizes. The original Jaffa Cakes come in packs of 12, 24 or 36.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Jaffa Cakes are biscuit-sized cakes introduced by McVitie and Price in the UK in 1927 and named after Jaffa oranges. The most common form of Jaffa cakes are circular, 2 ⁄8 inches (54 mm) in diameter and have three layers: a Genoise sponge base, a layer of orange flavoured jam and a coating of chocolate. Jaffa cakes are also available as bars or in small packs, and in larger and smaller sizes. The original Jaffa Cakes come in packs of 12, 24 or 36.",
"short_answers": [
"biscuit-sized cakes",
"cakes"
]
} |
who does the voice of stewie family guy | [
"Seth MacFarlane"
] | [
{
"title": "Brian Griffin",
"text": "characters including Peter Griffin, Stewie Griffin, and Glenn Quagmire. Brian's voice is MacFarlane's normal speaking voice. William H. Macy auditioned unsuccessfully for the role. In the episode \"Road to the Multiverse\", Brian was voiced by Japanese actor Kotaro Watan... | {
"title": "List of Family Guy cast members",
"long_answer": "Seth MacFarlane voices three of the show's main characters: Peter Griffin, Brian Griffin, and Stewie Griffin. MacFarlane chose to voice these characters himself, believing it would be easier to portray the voices he had already envisioned than for someone else to attempt it. MacFarlane drew inspiration for the voice of Peter from a security guard he overheard talking while attending the Rhode Island School of Design. Stewie's voice was based on the voice of English actor Rex Harrison, especially his performance in the 1964 musical drama film My Fair Lady. MacFarlane uses his own voice while portraying Brian.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Seth MacFarlane voices three of the show's main characters: Peter Griffin, Brian Griffin, and Stewie Griffin. MacFarlane chose to voice these characters himself, believing it would be easier to portray the voices he had already envisioned than for someone else to attempt it. MacFarlane drew inspiration for the voice of Peter from a security guard he overheard talking while attending the Rhode Island School of Design. Stewie's voice was based on the voice of English actor Rex Harrison, especially his performance in the 1964 musical drama film My Fair Lady. MacFarlane uses his own voice while portraying Brian.",
"short_answers": [
"Seth MacFarlane"
]
} |
what drug does the mom use in requiem for a dream | [
"weight-loss amphetamines",
"amphetamines"
] | [
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream (soundtrack)",
"text": "and reworked it with the score. Aronofsky saw Requiem as a \"monster movie, only when something goes bad you hear the music.\" All of the music in the film is influenced by the characters and goes with the drugs in the film. Even though none of the cha... | {
"title": "Requiem for a Dream",
"long_answer": "Harry and Tyrone plan to sell heroin to make enough to live off; that summer, their small-time dealing business thrives. Harry and Marion plan to open up a dress shop for Marion's designs, and Tyrone dreams of escaping the ghetto to make his mother proud. Sara and her friends wait expectantly every day for the game show invitation to arrive. With the extra money, Harry stops by to tell his mother he ordered her a new television set, but when he implores her to get off the amphetamines, she confesses that the only thing she has to live for anymore is the dream of looking glamorous on a television stage, and the extra attention she receives now from her friends.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Harry and Marion plan to open up a dress shop for Marion's designs, and Tyrone dreams of escaping the ghetto to make his mother proud. Sara and her friends wait expectantly every day for the game show invitation to arrive. With the extra money, Harry stops by to tell his mother he ordered her a new television set, but when he implores her to get off the amphetamines, she confesses that the only thing she has to live for anymore is the dream of looking glamorous on a television stage, and the extra attention she receives now from her friends.",
"short_answers": [
"amphetamines"
]
} |
how long was dark side of the moon number 1 | [
"a week",
"42:49"
] | [
{
"title": "The Dark Side of the Moon",
"text": "US under the age of 50 is estimated to own, or to have owned, a copy. Upon a change in methodology in 2009 allowing catalogue titles to be included in the \"Billboard\" 200, \"The Dark Side of the Moon\" returned to the chart at number 189 on 12 December of t... | {
"title": "The Dark Side of the Moon",
"long_answer": "The Dark Side of the Moon was a commercial and critical success. It topped the Billboard Top LPs & Tapes chart for a week and remained in the chart for 741 weeks from 1973 to 1988. After the rules were changed in 2009, the album re-entered the chart and eventually topped out at 937 total weeks. With an estimated 45 million copies sold, it is Pink Floyd's most successful album and one of the best-selling worldwide. It has been remastered and re-released several times, and covered in its entirety by several acts. It produced two singles, \"Money\" and \"Us and Them\". It is often ranked as one of the greatest albums of all time.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Dark Side of the Moon was a commercial and critical success. It topped the Billboard Top LPs & Tapes chart for a week and remained in the chart for 741 weeks from 1973 to 1988. After the rules were changed in 2009, the album re-entered the chart and eventually topped out at 937 total weeks. With an estimated 45 million copies sold, it is Pink Floyd's most successful album and one of the best-selling worldwide. It has been remastered and re-released several times, and covered in its entirety by several acts. It produced two singles, \"Money\" and \"Us and",
"short_answers": [
"a week"
]
} |
who is the actor that plays jt on the young and the restless | [
"Thaddeus Rowe Luckinbill"
] | [
{
"title": "Kelly Andrews (The Young and the Restless)",
"text": "on the process of gaining the role of Kelly. She revealed, \"I got an email from \"Y&R\" casting director, Judy Blye Wilson asking me to send a reel of my work over for the possibility that they may need to recast Cynthia Watros, because it l... | {
"title": "Thad Luckinbill",
"long_answer": "Thaddeus Rowe Luckinbill (born April 24, 1975) is an American actor and producer best known for playing J.T. Hellstrom on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless, from August 1999 to November 2010. He revived the role of J.T. in December 2017.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Thaddeus Rowe Luckinbill (born April 24, 1975) is an American actor and producer best known for playing J.T. Hellstrom on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless, from August 1999 to November 2010. He revived the role of J.T. in December 2017.",
"short_answers": [
"Thaddeus Rowe Luckinbill"
]
} |
when was the first commercial cell phone released | [
"1983",
"1973"
] | [
{
"title": "Douglas H. Ring",
"text": "invented and developed by Bell Labs engineers. Douglas H. Ring Douglas H. Ring (March 28, 1907 in Montana – September 8, 2000 in Red Bank, New Jersey) was one of the Bell Labs engineers that invented the cell phone. The history of cellular phone technology began on Dec... | {
"title": "History of mobile phones",
"long_answer": "On 6 March 1983, the DynaTAC 8000X mobile phone launched on the first US 1G network by Ameritech. It cost $100m to develop, and took over a decade to reach the market. The phone had a talk time of just thirty-five minutes and took ten hours to charge. Consumer demand was strong despite the battery life, weight, and low talk time, and waiting lists were in the thousands.",
"chunked_long_answer": "On 6 March 1983, the DynaTAC 8000X mobile phone launched on the first US 1G network by Ameritech. It cost $100m to develop, and took over a decade to reach the market. The phone had a talk time of just thirty-five minutes and took ten hours to charge. Consumer demand was strong despite the battery life, weight, and low talk time, and waiting lists were in the thousands.",
"short_answers": [
"1983"
]
} |
when did the first ice age come out | [
"2002",
"March 15, 2002"
] | [
{
"title": "Ice age",
"text": "has occurred over the same period, and a chief contributor to the accelerated melting of the remaining glaciers and polar ice. A 2012 investigation finds that dinosaurs released methane through digestion in a similar amount to humanity's current methane release, which \"could ... | {
"title": "Ice Age (franchise)",
"long_answer": "Ice Age is an American media franchise centering on a group of mammals surviving the Paleolithic ice age. It is produced by Blue Sky Studios, a division of 20th Century Fox, and featuring the voices of Ray Romano, John Leguizamo, Denis Leary, and Chris Wedge. Five films have been released in the series thus far with Ice Age in 2002, Ice Age: The Meltdown in 2006, Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs in 2009, Ice Age: Continental Drift in 2012, and Ice Age: Collision Course in 2016. It has received some criticism for making no attempt to be scientifically accurate. As of April 2016, the franchise had generated $6 billion in revenue, making it one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Paleolithic ice age. It is produced by Blue Sky Studios, a division of 20th Century Fox, and featuring the voices of Ray Romano, John Leguizamo, Denis Leary, and Chris Wedge. Five films have been released in the series thus far with Ice Age in 2002, Ice Age: The Meltdown in 2006, Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs in 2009, Ice Age: Continental Drift in 2012, and Ice Age: Collision Course in 2016. It has received some criticism for making no attempt to be scientifically accurate. As of April 2016, the franchise had generated $6 billion in revenue, making it one",
"short_answers": [
"2002"
]
} |
who is given credit for the gnu initiative | [
"Richard Stallman"
] | [
{
"title": "Richard Stallman",
"text": "Stallman has written many essays on software freedom, and has been an outspoken political campaigner for the free software movement since the early 1990s. The speeches he has regularly given are titled \"The GNU Project and the Free Software Movement\", \"The Dangers ... | {
"title": "GNU/Linux naming controversy",
"long_answer": "In 1983, Richard Stallman, founder of the Free Software Foundation, set forth plans of a complete Unix-like operating system, called GNU, composed entirely of free software. In September of that year, Stallman published a manifesto in Dr. Dobb's Journal detailing his new project publicly, outlining his vision of free software. Software development work began in January 1984. By 1991, the GNU mid-level portions of the operating system were almost complete, and the upper level could be supplied by the X Window System, but the lower level (kernel, device drivers, system-level utilities and daemons) was still mostly lacking. The GNU kernel was called GNU Hurd. The Hurd followed an ambitious design which proved unexpectedly difficult to implement and has only been marginally usable.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In 1983, Richard Stallman, founder of the Free Software Foundation, set forth plans of a complete Unix-like operating system, called GNU, composed entirely of free software. In September of that year, Stallman published a manifesto in Dr. Dobb's Journal detailing his new project publicly, outlining his vision of free software. Software development work began in January 1984. By 1991, the GNU mid-level portions of the operating system were almost complete, and the upper level could be supplied by the X Window System, but the lower level (kernel, device drivers, system-level utilities and daemons) was still mostly lacking. The GNU kernel",
"short_answers": [
"Richard Stallman"
]
} |
who is the lead singer of collective soul | [
"Ed Roland"
] | [
{
"title": "Ross Childress",
"text": "Ross Childress Ross Childress (born September 8, 1971) is an American musician. He was the original lead guitarist and co-songwriter for the rock band Collective Soul. Childress was born on September 8, 1971 in Stockbridge, Georgia, USA. Childress grew up with and had p... | {
"title": "Collective Soul",
"long_answer": "Collective Soul is an American rock band originally from Stockbridge, Georgia. Now based in Atlanta, the group consists of lead vocalist Ed Roland, rhythm guitarist Dean Roland, bassist Will Turpin, drummer Johnny Rabb and lead guitarist Jesse Triplett.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Collective Soul is an American rock band originally from Stockbridge, Georgia. Now based in Atlanta, the group consists of lead vocalist Ed Roland, rhythm guitarist Dean Roland, bassist Will Turpin, drummer Johnny Rabb and lead guitarist Jesse Triplett.",
"short_answers": [
"Ed Roland"
]
} |
who does dwyane wade play for right now | [
"the Miami Heat",
"Miami Heat"
] | [
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": ", Wade is a shooting guard that is also capable of playing point guard as he did during his rookie season and in subsequent seasons with smaller lineups. On offense, he has established himself as one of the quickest and most difficult players to guard, as well as one of th... | {
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"long_answer": "Dwyane Tyrone Wade Jr. (/dweɪn/ dwayn; born January 17, 1982) is an American professional basketball player for the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association (NBA). After a successful college career at Marquette, Wade was drafted fifth overall in the 2003 NBA draft by Miami. In his third season, Wade led the Heat to their first NBA Championship in franchise history and was named the 2006 NBA Finals MVP. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, Wade led the United States men's basketball team, commonly known as the \"Redeem Team\", in scoring, and helped them capture the gold medal. In the 2008–09 season, Wade led the league in scoring and earned his first NBA scoring title. With LeBron James and Chris Bosh, Wade helped guide Miami to four consecutive NBA Finals from 2011 to 2014, winning back-to-back championships in 2012 and 2013. After 1½ seasons away from the Heat with the Chicago Bulls and Cleveland Cavaliers, Wade was traded back to Miami in February 2018. A 12-time NBA All-Star, Wade is Miami's all-time leader in points, games, assists and steals, shots made and shots taken.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Dwyane Tyrone Wade Jr. (/dweɪn/ dwayn; born January 17, 1982) is an American professional basketball player for the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association (NBA). After a successful college career at Marquette, Wade was drafted fifth overall in the 2003 NBA draft by Miami. In his third season, Wade led the Heat to their first NBA Championship in franchise history and was named the 2006 NBA Finals MVP. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, Wade led the United States men's basketball team, commonly known as the \"Redeem Team\", in scoring, and helped them capture the gold medal. In the 2008–09",
"short_answers": [
"Miami Heat",
"the Miami Heat"
]
} |
a drug that might be used in surgery for its amnesic properties is | [
"benzodiazepines",
"Benzodiazepines"
] | [
{
"title": "Eticyclidine",
"text": "Schedule 1 list of illegal drugs in the 1970s, although it was only briefly abused in the 1970s and 1980s and is now little known. Eticyclidine Eticyclidine (PCE, CI-400) is a dissociative anesthetic drug with hallucinogenic effects. It is similar in effects to phencyclid... | {
"title": "Benzodiazepine",
"long_answer": "Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABAA receptor, resulting in sedative, hypnotic (sleep-inducing), anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties. High doses of many shorter-acting benzodiazepines may also cause anterograde amnesia and dissociation. These properties make benzodiazepines useful in treating anxiety, insomnia, agitation, seizures, muscle spasms, alcohol withdrawal and as a premedication for medical or dental procedures. Benzodiazepines are categorized as either short-, intermediate-, or long-acting. Short- and intermediate-acting benzodiazepines are preferred for the treatment of insomnia; longer-acting benzodiazepines are recommended for the treatment of anxiety.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABAA receptor, resulting in sedative, hypnotic (sleep-inducing), anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties. High doses of many shorter-acting benzodiazepines may also cause anterograde amnesia and dissociation. These properties make benzodiazepines useful in treating anxiety, insomnia, agitation, seizures, muscle spasms, alcohol withdrawal and as a premedication for medical or dental procedures. Benzodiazepines are categorized as either short-, intermediate-, or long-acting. Short- and intermediate-acting benzodiazepines are preferred for the treatment of insomnia; longer-acting benzodiazepines are recommended for the treatment of anxiety.",
"short_answers": [
"benzodiazepines"
]
} |
a single period of precession of earth's axis is completed in about | [
"approximately 26,000 years",
"26,000 years"
] | [
{
"title": "Apsidal precession",
"text": "for the ellipse to revolve once relative to the fixed stars. The Earth's polar axis, and hence the solstices and equinoxes, precess with a period of about years in relation to the fixed stars. These two forms of 'precession' combine so that it takes between and year... | {
"title": "Axial precession",
"long_answer": "In astronomy, axial precession is a gravity-induced, slow, and continuous change in the orientation of an astronomical body's rotational axis. In particular, it can refer to the gradual shift in the orientation of Earth's axis of rotation, which, similar to a wobbling top, traces out a pair of cones joined at their apices in a cycle of approximately 26,000 years. The term \"precession\" typically refers only to this largest part of the motion; other changes in the alignment of Earth's axis—nutation and polar motion—are much smaller in magnitude.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In astronomy, axial precession is a gravity-induced, slow, and continuous change in the orientation of an astronomical body's rotational axis. In particular, it can refer to the gradual shift in the orientation of Earth's axis of rotation, which, similar to a wobbling top, traces out a pair of cones joined at their apices in a cycle of approximately 26,000 years. The term \"precession\" typically refers only to this largest part of the motion; other changes in the alignment of Earth's axis—nutation and polar motion—are much smaller in magnitude.",
"short_answers": [
"26,000 years",
"approximately 26,000 years"
]
} |
who did johnny manziel play college football for | [
"Texas A&M",
"Texas A&M University",
"Texas A&M Aggies"
] | [
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "that he wants to \"wreck the league\" in Cleveland. Loggains forwarded the text to head coach Mike Pettine, who made the decision to trade up to draft Manziel. The Browns drafted him at the 22nd overall pick. On August 22, 2014, Manziel was fined $12,000 by the NFL for ... | {
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"long_answer": "Manziel was nationally recruited out of high school as a dual-threat quarterback, and he debuted for the Texas A&M Aggies as a redshirt freshman in Kevin Sumlin's Air Raid offense during A&M's first season in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) in 2012. He broke numerous NCAA Division I FBS and SEC records, which included becoming the first freshman and fifth player in NCAA history to pass for 3,000 yards and rush for 1,000 yards in a season. At the end of the regular season, he became the first freshman to win the Heisman Trophy, Manning Award, and the Davey O'Brien National Quarterback Award. Manziel capitalized on his redshirt freshman season by leading Texas A&M to a 41–13 victory over Oklahoma in the Cotton Bowl.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Manziel was nationally recruited out of high school as a dual-threat quarterback, and he debuted for the Texas A&M Aggies as a redshirt freshman in Kevin Sumlin's Air Raid offense during A&M's first season in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) in 2012. He broke numerous NCAA Division I FBS and SEC records, which included becoming the first freshman and fifth player in NCAA history to pass for 3,000 yards and rush for 1,000 yards in a season. At the end of the regular season, he became the first freshman to win the Heisman Trophy, Manning Award, and the Davey O'Brien National",
"short_answers": [
"Texas A&M Aggies"
]
} |
what is the white stork a symbol for in western culture | [
"bringing babies to new parents"
] | [
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "their courtship rituals. Their preening and posture saw them linked with the attribute of self-conceit. White stork The white stork (\"Ciconia ciconia\") is a large bird in the stork family Ciconiidae. Its plumage is mainly white, with black on its wings. Adults have long ... | {
"title": "White stork",
"long_answer": "According to European folklore, the stork is responsible for bringing babies to new parents. The legend is very ancient, but was popularised by a 19th-century Hans Christian Andersen story called The Storks. German folklore held that storks found babies in caves or marshes and brought them to households in a basket on their backs or held in their beaks. These caves contained adebarsteine or \"stork stones\". The babies would then be given to the mother or dropped down the chimney. Households would notify when they wanted children by placing sweets for the stork on the window sill. From there the folklore has spread around the world to the Philippines and countries in South America. Birthmarks on the back of the head of newborn baby, nevus flammeus nuchae, are sometimes referred to as stork-bite.",
"chunked_long_answer": "According to European folklore, the stork is responsible for bringing babies to new parents. The legend is very ancient, but was popularised by a 19th-century Hans Christian Andersen story called The Storks. German folklore held that storks found babies in caves or marshes and brought them to households in a basket on their backs or held in their beaks. These caves contained adebarsteine or \"stork stones\". The babies would then be given to the mother or dropped down the chimney. Households would notify when they wanted children by placing sweets for the stork on the window sill. From there the",
"short_answers": [
"bringing babies to new parents"
]
} |
the oligodynamic effect is a phenomenon that describes | [
"a biocidal effect of metals"
] | [
{
"title": "Electrodynamic suspension",
"text": "Electrodynamic suspension Electrodynamic suspension (EDS) is a form of magnetic levitation in which there are conductors which are exposed to time-varying magnetic fields. This induces eddy currents in the conductors that creates a repulsive magnetic field wh... | {
"title": "Oligodynamic effect",
"long_answer": "The oligodynamic effect (from Greek oligos \"few\", and dynamis \"force\") is a biocidal effect of metals, especially heavy metals, that occurs even in low concentrations. The effect was discovered by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli, although he did not identify the cause. Brass doorknobs and silverware both exhibit this effect to an extent.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The oligodynamic effect (from Greek oligos \"few\", and dynamis \"force\") is a biocidal effect of metals, especially heavy metals, that occurs even in low concentrations. The effect was discovered by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli, although he did not identify the cause. Brass doorknobs and silverware both exhibit this effect to an extent.",
"short_answers": [
"a biocidal effect of metals"
]
} |
when do you declare honors in contract bridge | [
"any time after the auction"
] | [
{
"title": "Contract bridge",
"text": "awards a bonus for holding a certain combination of high cards), although some are common between the two. A larger bonus is awarded if the declaring side makes a small slam or grand slam, a contract of 12 or 13 tricks respectively. If the declaring side is not vulnera... | {
"title": "Bridge scoring",
"long_answer": "Honors may be declared and scored at any time after the auction but for strategic reasons it is best to do so at the conclusion of play so as not to give the opponents information about the lay of the cards. Honors may be held by any of the four players, including dummy.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Honors may be declared and scored at any time after the auction but for strategic reasons it is best to do so at the conclusion of play so as not to give the opponents information about the lay of the cards. Honors may be held by any of the four players, including dummy.",
"short_answers": [
"any time after the auction"
]
} |
which country is the last member of saarc | [
"Afghanistan"
] | [
{
"title": "18th SAARC summit",
"text": "the eight member countries participated in the summit in Kathmandu. Foreign Ministers of the eight member states signed an agreement on energy cooperation namely 'SAARC Framework Agreement for Energy Cooperation (Electricity)' in the presence of their heads of state ... | {
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"long_answer": "The SAARC member states imposed a stipulation for Afghanistan to hold a general election; the non-partisan elections were held in late 2005. Despite initial reluctance and internal debates, Afghanistan joined SAARC as its eighth member state in April 2007.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The SAARC member states imposed a stipulation for Afghanistan to hold a general election; the non-partisan elections were held in late 2005. Despite initial reluctance and internal debates, Afghanistan joined SAARC as its eighth member state in April 2007.",
"short_answers": [
"Afghanistan"
]
} |
describe the three phases of the normal blood clotting process | [
"blood coagulation",
"vasoconstriction,"
] | [
{
"title": "Thromboelastometry",
"text": "time when the clot forms or dissolves. This curve is also called a TEMogram. Four key parameters describe the clotting curve for clinical routine. More than 10 additional calculated parameters, including derivative curves which are useful in specific research applic... | {
"title": "Hemostasis",
"long_answer": "Hemostasis or haemostasis is a process which causes bleeding to stop, meaning to keep blood within a damaged blood vessel (the opposite of hemostasis is hemorrhage). It is the first stage of wound healing. This involves coagulation, blood changing from a liquid to a gel. Intact blood vessels are central to moderating blood's tendency to form clots. The endothelial cells of intact vessels prevent blood clotting with a heparin-like molecule and thrombomodulin and prevent platelet aggregation with nitric oxide and prostacyclin. When endothelial injury occurs, the endothelial cells stop secretion of coagulation and aggregation inhibitors and instead secrete von Willebrand factor which initiate the maintenance of hemostasis after injury. Hemostasis has three major steps: 1) vasoconstriction, 2) temporary blockage of a break by a platelet plug, and 3) blood coagulation, or formation of a fibrin clot. These processes seal the hole until tissues are repaired.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Intact blood vessels are central to moderating blood's tendency to form clots. The endothelial cells of intact vessels prevent blood clotting with a heparin-like molecule and thrombomodulin and prevent platelet aggregation with nitric oxide and prostacyclin. When endothelial injury occurs, the endothelial cells stop secretion of coagulation and aggregation inhibitors and instead secrete von Willebrand factor which initiate the maintenance of hemostasis after injury. Hemostasis has three major steps: 1) vasoconstriction, 2) temporary blockage of a break by a platelet plug, and 3) blood coagulation, or formation of a fibrin clot. These processes seal the hole until tissues are repaired.",
"short_answers": [
"blood coagulation",
"vasoconstriction,"
]
} |
when was united nations convention on the rights of the child created | [
"20 November 1989"
] | [
{
"title": "Celebrity privacy",
"text": "of their daughter Coco to the press, which prevented them from being chased by paparazzi. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) was permitted in 1989 as human rights started to gain more attention globally. This treaty deals with the most f... | {
"title": "Convention on the Rights of the Child",
"long_answer": "The UN General Assembly adopted the Convention and opened it for signature on 20 November 1989 (the 30th anniversary of its Declaration of the Rights of the Child). It came into force on 2 September 1990, after it was ratified by the required number of nations. Currently, 196 countries are party to it, including every member of the United Nations except the United States.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The UN General Assembly adopted the Convention and opened it for signature on 20 November 1989 (the 30th anniversary of its Declaration of the Rights of the Child). It came into force on 2 September 1990, after it was ratified by the required number of nations. Currently, 196 countries are party to it, including every member of the United Nations except the United States.",
"short_answers": [
"20 November 1989"
]
} |
when did we decide to leave the eu | [
"23 June 2016"
] | [
{
"title": "Brexit",
"text": "terms of leaving the EU; Verhofstadt referred to the letter as \"blackmail\" with regard to the point on security and terrorism, and EU Commission president Jean-Claude Juncker said the UK's decision to quit the block was a \"choice they will regret one day\". On 29 April 2017,... | {
"title": "Brexit",
"long_answer": "In a referendum on 23 June 2016, 51.9% of the participating UK electorate voted to leave the EU, out of a turnout of 72.2%. On 29 March 2017, the UK government invoked Article 50 of the Treaty on the European Union. The UK is thus due to leave the EU at midnight on 30 March 2019 Central European Time (11 pm on 29 March 2019 GMT).",
"chunked_long_answer": "In a referendum on 23 June 2016, 51.9% of the participating UK electorate voted to leave the EU, out of a turnout of 72.2%. On 29 March 2017, the UK government invoked Article 50 of the Treaty on the European Union. The UK is thus due to leave the EU at midnight on 30 March 2019 Central European Time (11 pm on 29 March 2019 GMT).",
"short_answers": [
"23 June 2016"
]
} |
tallest building in the world of all time | [
"Burj Khalifa"
] | [
{
"title": "Shanghai World Financial Center",
"text": "the time of completion was the highest hotel in the world. It is now the third-highest hotel in the world after the Ritz-Carlton, Hong Kong, which occupies floors 102 to 118 of the International Commerce Centre. On 14 September 2007, the skyscraper was ... | {
"title": "History of the world's tallest buildings",
"long_answer": "Since 2010, Burj Khalifa has been the tallest building by any criteria. It has the highest architectural element, tip and occupied floor, and is indeed the tallest structure of any kind ever built, surpassing the (now destroyed) 646.38 metres (2,120.7 ft) Warsaw Radio Mast.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Since 2010, Burj Khalifa has been the tallest building by any criteria. It has the highest architectural element, tip and occupied floor, and is indeed the tallest structure of any kind ever built, surpassing the (now destroyed) 646.38 metres (2,120.7 ft) Warsaw Radio Mast.",
"short_answers": [
"Burj Khalifa"
]
} |
who created separation of powers and checks and balances | [
"Montesquieu in the Enlightenment"
] | [
{
"title": "Mixed government",
"text": "Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Giambattista Vico, Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Immanuel Kant. Apart from his contemporaries, only Montesquieu became widely acknowledged as the author of a concept of separation of powers (although he wrote rather on their \"distr... | {
"title": "Separation of powers",
"long_answer": "Checks and balances is the principle that each of the Branches has the power to limit or check the other two and this creates a balance between the three separate powers of the state, this principle induces that the ambitions of one branch prevent that one of the other branches become supreme, and thus be eternally confronting each other and in that process leaving the people free from government abuses. Checks and Balances are designed to maintain the system of separation of powers keeping each branch in its place. This is based on the idea that it is not enough to separate the powers and guarantee their independence but to give the various branches the constitutional means to defend their own legitimate powers from the encroachments of the other branches. They guarantee that the powers of the State have the same weight (co-equal), that is, to be balanced, so that they can limit each other, avoiding the abuse of state power. the origin of checks and balances, like separation of powers itself, is specifically credited to Montesquieu in the Enlightenment (in The Spirit of the Laws, 1748), under this influence was implemented in 1787 in the Constitution of the United States.",
"chunked_long_answer": "separate the powers and guarantee their independence but to give the various branches the constitutional means to defend their own legitimate powers from the encroachments of the other branches. They guarantee that the powers of the State have the same weight (co-equal), that is, to be balanced, so that they can limit each other, avoiding the abuse of state power. the origin of checks and balances, like separation of powers itself, is specifically credited to Montesquieu in the Enlightenment (in The Spirit of the Laws, 1748), under this influence was implemented in 1787 in the Constitution of the United States.",
"short_answers": [
"Montesquieu in the Enlightenment"
]
} |
when was nepal declared a secular state in bs | [
"January 15, 2007"
] | [
{
"title": "Birendra Sainik Awasiya Mahavidyalaya",
"text": "Birendra Sainik Awasiya Mahavidyalaya Sainik Awasiya Mahavidyalaya (SAMV) is a military boarding high school in Nepal, formerly known as Birendra Sainik Awasiya Mahavidyalaya (BSAM) or Birendra Military Boarding High School. It was established in ... | {
"title": "Freedom of religion in Nepal",
"long_answer": "Nepal is a secular state under the Interim Constitution, which was promulgated on January 15, 2007. The Interim Constitution provides for freedom to practice one's religion. The Interim Constitution also specifically denies the right to convert another person. The now-defunct constitution of 1990, which was in effect until January 15, 2007, described the country as a \"Hindu Kingdom,\" although it did not establish Hinduism as the state religion. The Government generally did not interfere with the practice of other religious groups, and religious tolerance was broadly observed; however, there were some restrictions.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Nepal is a secular state under the Interim Constitution, which was promulgated on January 15, 2007. The Interim Constitution provides for freedom to practice one's religion. The Interim Constitution also specifically denies the right to convert another person. The now-defunct constitution of 1990, which was in effect until January 15, 2007, described the country as a \"Hindu Kingdom,\" although it did not establish Hinduism as the state religion. The Government generally did not interfere with the practice of other religious groups, and religious tolerance was broadly observed; however, there were some restrictions.",
"short_answers": [
"January 15, 2007"
]
} |
who took control of jamestown and made new rules that made everyone work | [
"John Smith"
] | [
{
"title": "John Smith (explorer)",
"text": "the Native Americans and ordered everyone to work or be banished from the fort. The weeks-long emergency was relieved by the arrival of an unexpected ship, captained by Samuel Argall. He had items of food and wine which Smith bought on credit. Argall also brought... | {
"title": "He who does not work, neither shall he eat",
"long_answer": "He who does not work, neither shall he eat is a New Testament aphorism originally by Paul the Apostle, later cited by John Smith in Jamestown, Virginia, and by Lenin during the Russian Revolution.",
"chunked_long_answer": "He who does not work, neither shall he eat is a New Testament aphorism originally by Paul the Apostle, later cited by John Smith in Jamestown, Virginia, and by Lenin during the Russian Revolution.",
"short_answers": [
"John Smith"
]
} |
the site of secretion of h+ and cl- | [
"Parietal cells"
] | [
{
"title": "Clusterin",
"text": "all localize to different subcellular compartments: one isoform localizes to the nucleus; a second isoform localizes to the cytoplasm; and the third is secreted from the cell. They also perform opposing functions: the nuclear CLU binds Ku70 to release BAX and induce apoptosi... | {
"title": "Parietal cell",
"long_answer": "Parietal cells (also known as oxyntic or delomorphous cells), are the epithelial cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor. These cells are located in the gastric glands found in the lining of the fundus and in the body of the stomach. They contain an extensive secretory network (called canaliculi) from which the HCl is secreted by active transport into the stomach. The enzyme hydrogen potassium ATPase (H/K ATPase) is unique to the parietal cells and transports the H against a concentration gradient of about 3 million to 1, which is the steepest ion gradient formed in the human body. Parietal cells are primarily regulated via histamine, acetylcholine and gastrin signaling from both central and local modulators (see 'Regulation').",
"chunked_long_answer": "Parietal cells (also known as oxyntic or delomorphous cells), are the epithelial cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor. These cells are located in the gastric glands found in the lining of the fundus and in the body of the stomach. They contain an extensive secretory network (called canaliculi) from which the HCl is secreted by active transport into the stomach. The enzyme hydrogen potassium ATPase (H/K ATPase) is unique to the parietal cells and transports the H against a concentration gradient of about 3 million to 1, which is the steepest ion gradient formed in the human body. Parietal cells are primarily regulated via histamine, acetylcholine and gastrin signaling from both central and local modulators (see 'Regulation').",
"short_answers": [
"Parietal cells"
]
} |
when does body temperature tend to be lowest | [
"11 p.m. to 3 a.m."
] | [
{
"title": "Human body temperature",
"text": "temperature also changes when a person is hungry, sleepy, sick, or cold. Body temperature normally fluctuates over the day following Circadian rhythms, with the lowest levels around 4 a.m. and the highest in the late afternoon, between 4:00 and 6:00 p.m. (assumi... | {
"title": "Thermoregulation",
"long_answer": "In humans, a diurnal variation has been observed dependent on the periods of rest and activity, lowest at 11 p.m. to 3 a.m. and peaking at 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Monkeys also have a well-marked and regular diurnal variation of body temperature that follows periods of rest and activity, and is not dependent on the incidence of day and night; nocturnal monkeys reach their highest body temperature at night and lowest during the day. Sutherland Simpson and J.J. Galbraith observed that all nocturnal animals and birds – whose periods of rest and activity are naturally reversed through habit and not from outside interference – experience their highest temperature during the natural period of activity (night) and lowest during the period of rest (day). Those diurnal temperatures can be reversed by reversing their daily routine.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In humans, a diurnal variation has been observed dependent on the periods of rest and activity, lowest at 11 p.m. to 3 a.m. and peaking at 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Monkeys also have a well-marked and regular diurnal variation of body temperature that follows periods of rest and activity, and is not dependent on the incidence of day and night; nocturnal monkeys reach their highest body temperature at night and lowest during the day. Sutherland Simpson and J.J. Galbraith observed that all nocturnal animals and birds – whose periods of rest and activity are naturally reversed through habit and",
"short_answers": [
"11 p.m. to 3 a.m."
]
} |
what us state forms the western boundary of montana | [
"Idaho"
] | [
{
"title": "Montana Territory",
"text": "degree and thirty minutes of north latitude to a point formed by its intersection with the crest of the Rocky Mountains; thence following the crest of the Rocky Mountains northward till its intersection with the Bitter Root Mountains; thence northward along the crest... | {
"title": "Montana",
"long_answer": "Montana is one of the nine Mountain States, located in the north of the region known as the Western United States. It borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east. Wyoming is to the south, Idaho is to the west and southwest, and three Canadian provinces, British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, are to the north.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Montana is one of the nine Mountain States, located in the north of the region known as the Western United States. It borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east. Wyoming is to the south, Idaho is to the west and southwest, and three Canadian provinces, British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, are to the north.",
"short_answers": [
"Idaho"
]
} |
if a piece of music is perceived to have changed key then we say the piece has | [
"transposed",
"transposition"
] | [
{
"title": "Key (music)",
"text": "the tonic note or chord returns. The key may be in the major or minor mode, though musicians assume major in a statement like, \"This piece is in C.\" Popular songs are usually in a key, and so is classical music during the common practice period, around 1650–1900. Longer ... | {
"title": "Music theory",
"long_answer": "In traditional Western notation, the scale used for a composition is usually indicated by a key signature at the beginning to designate the pitches that make up that scale. As the music progresses, the pitches used may change and introduce a different scale. Music can be transposed from one scale to another for various purposes, often to accommodate the range of a vocalist. Such transposition raises or lowers the overall pitch range, but preserves the intervallic relationships of the original scale. For example, transposition from the key of C major to D major raises all pitches of the scale of C major equally by a whole tone. Since the interval relationships remain unchanged, transposition may be unnoticed by a listener, however other qualities may change noticeably because transposition changes the relationship of the overall pitch range compared to the range of the instruments or voices that perform the music. This often affects the music's overall sound, as well as having technical implications for the performers.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Music can be transposed from one scale to another for various purposes, often to accommodate the range of a vocalist. Such transposition raises or lowers the overall pitch range, but preserves the intervallic relationships of the original scale. For example, transposition from the key of C major to D major raises all pitches of the scale of C major equally by a whole tone. Since the interval relationships remain unchanged, transposition may be unnoticed by a listener, however other qualities may change noticeably because transposition changes the relationship of the overall pitch range compared to the range of the instruments or voices that perform the music. ",
"short_answers": [
"transposed",
"transposition"
]
} |
who was allowed to vote in the roman republic | [
"unknown",
"citizens"
] | [
{
"title": "Ballot laws of the Roman Republic",
"text": "Gabinius, the first person of that name known to hold political office in Rome, was from a family that had low-status (possibly slave origins) in Cales, and was able to enter politics due to the military success of his father. The reasons behind the l... | {
"title": "Elections in the Roman Republic",
"long_answer": "During the Roman Republic the citizens would elect almost all officeholders annually. Popular elections for high office were largely undermined and then brought to an end by Augustus (r. 27 BC - 14 AD), the first Roman emperor (earlier known as Octavian). However, Roman elections continued at the local, municipal level.",
"chunked_long_answer": "During the Roman Republic the citizens would elect almost all officeholders annually. Popular elections for high office were largely undermined and then brought to an end by Augustus (r. 27 BC - 14 AD), the first Roman emperor (earlier known as Octavian). However, Roman elections continued at the local, municipal level.",
"short_answers": [
"citizens"
]
} |
when does the next warrior book come out | [
"April 10, 2018"
] | [
{
"title": "Warrior's Return",
"text": "turned to the third volume. On the \"Warriors\" website, an excerpt was released, but later removed. \"Warrior’s Return\" was released as a paperback on April 22, 2008, the same day \"Outcast\" was released, a novel in the \"Warriors: Power of Three\" series. To promo... | {
"title": "Warriors (novel series)",
"long_answer": "The fifth book, River of Fire, is scheduled to be released on April 10, 2018.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The fifth book, River of Fire, is scheduled to be released on April 10, 2018.",
"short_answers": [
"April 10, 2018"
]
} |
blood alcohol concentration means the parts of alcohol in the blood in relation to what | [
"volume of blood",
"ethanol"
] | [
{
"title": "Blood alcohol content",
"text": "per mass of blood (never a volume per volume). 1 milliliter of blood has a mass of approximately 1.06 grams. Because of this, units by volume are similar but not identical to units by mass. In the U.S. the concentration unit 1% w/v (percent mass/volume, equivalen... | {
"title": "Blood alcohol content",
"long_answer": "Blood alcohol concentration is usually expressed as a percentage of ethanol in the blood in units of mass of alcohol per volume of blood or mass of alcohol per mass of blood, depending on the country. For instance, in North America a BAC of 0.1 (0.1% or one tenth of one percent) means that there are 0.10 g of alcohol for every 100 mL of blood.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Blood alcohol concentration is usually expressed as a percentage of ethanol in the blood in units of mass of alcohol per volume of blood or mass of alcohol per mass of blood, depending on the country. For instance, in North America a BAC of 0.1 (0.1% or one tenth of one percent) means that there are 0.10 g of alcohol for every 100 mL of blood.",
"short_answers": [
"ethanol",
"volume of blood"
]
} |
which greek god flew too close to the sun | [
"Icarus"
] | [
{
"title": "Too Close to the Sun",
"text": "Too Close to the Sun Too Close to the Sun is a musical with a book by Roberto Trippini and music and lyrics by Trippini and John Robinson, based on a play by Ron Read. The musical is a fictionalized account of the last days in the life of Ernest Hemingway. \"Too C... | {
"title": "Icarus",
"long_answer": "In Greek mythology, Icarus (the Latin spelling, conventionally adopted in English; Ancient Greek: Ἴκαρος, Íkaros, Etruscan: Vikare) is the son of the master craftsman Daedalus, the creator of the Labyrinth. Often depicted in art, Icarus and his father attempt to escape from Crete by means of wings that his father constructed from feathers and wax. Icarus' father warns him first of complacency and then of hubris, asking that he fly neither too low nor too high, so the sea's dampness would not clog his wings or the sun's heat melt them. Icarus ignored his father's instructions not to fly too close to the sun; when the wax in his wings melted he tumbled out of the sky and fell into the sea where he drowned.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In Greek mythology, Icarus (the Latin spelling, conventionally adopted in English; Ancient Greek: Ἴκαρος, Íkaros, Etruscan: Vikare) is the son of the master craftsman Daedalus, the creator of the Labyrinth. Often depicted in art, Icarus and his father attempt to escape from Crete by means of wings that his father constructed from feathers and wax. Icarus' father warns him first of complacency and then of hubris, asking that he fly neither too low nor too high, so the sea's dampness would not clog his wings or the sun's heat melt them. Icarus ignored his father's instructions not to fly too close to the sun; when the wax in his wings melted he tumbled out of the sky and fell into the sea where he drowned.",
"short_answers": [
"Icarus"
]
} |
when did the song rapper's delight come out | [
"1979",
"September 16, 1979"
] | [
{
"title": "Rapper's Delight",
"text": "credits. \"Rapper's Delight\" is number 251 on the \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's list of \"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\" and number 2 on VH1's \"100 Greatest Hip-Hop Songs\". It is also included in NPR's list of the 100 most important American musical works of t... | {
"title": "Rapper's Delight",
"long_answer": "\"Rapper's Delight\" is a 1979 hip hop track by the Sugarhill Gang and produced by Sylvia Robinson. While it was not the first single to include rapping, \"Rapper's Delight\" is credited for introducing hip hop music to a wide audience. It was a prototype for various types of rap music, incorporating themes such as boasting, dance, honesty and sex, with the charisma and enthusiasm of James Brown. The track also used samples from Chic's \"Good Times\", resulting in band members Nile Rodgers and Bernard Edwards suing Sugar Hill Records for copyright infringement; a settlement was reached that gave the two songwriter credits.",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"Rapper's Delight\" is a 1979 hip hop track by the Sugarhill Gang and produced by Sylvia Robinson. While it was not the first single to include rapping, \"Rapper's Delight\" is credited for introducing hip hop music to a wide audience. It was a prototype for various types of rap music, incorporating themes such as boasting, dance, honesty and sex, with the charisma and enthusiasm of James Brown. The track also used samples from Chic's \"Good Times\", resulting in band members Nile Rodgers and Bernard Edwards suing Sugar Hill Records for copyright infringement; a settlement was reached that gave the two",
"short_answers": [
"1979"
]
} |
who's the model on let's make a deal | [
"Tiffany Adams Coyne"
] | [
{
"title": "Carol Merrill",
"text": "Carol Merrill Carol Merrill (born Carol Lue Hiller; January 19, 1941) was the model for the television game show \"Let's Make a Deal\" during the show's original run between 1963-77. While on \"Let's Make a Deal\", Merrill would model the various prizes, present money to... | {
"title": "Tiffany Coyne",
"long_answer": "Tiffany Adams Coyne (born May 6, 1982) is an American model and dancer. She is the model on Let's Make a Deal, having replaced Alison Fiori in 2009.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Tiffany Adams Coyne (born May 6, 1982) is an American model and dancer. She is the model on Let's Make a Deal, having replaced Alison Fiori in 2009.",
"short_answers": [
"Tiffany Adams Coyne"
]
} |
how much money did the film titanic make | [
"$2.18 billion",
"$2.187 billion"
] | [
{
"title": "Titanic (1997 film)",
"text": "weekend by topping the box office with $98.9 million. China has proven to be its most successful territory where it earned $11.6 million on its opening day, going on to earn a record-breaking $67 million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than... | {
"title": "Titanic (1997 film)",
"long_answer": "Upon its release on December 19, 1997, Titanic achieved critical and commercial success. Nominated for 14 Academy Awards, it tied All About Eve (1950) for the most Oscar nominations, and won 11, including the awards for Best Picture and Best Director, tying Ben Hur (1959) for the most Oscars won by a single film. With an initial worldwide gross of over $1.84 billion, Titanic was the first film to reach the billion-dollar mark. It remained the highest-grossing film of all time until Cameron's Avatar surpassed it in 2010. A 3D version of Titanic, released on April 4, 2012 to commemorate the centennial of the sinking, earned it an additional $343.6 million worldwide, pushing the film's worldwide total to $2.18 billion and making it the second film to gross more than $2 billion worldwide (after Avatar). In 2017, the film was re-released for its 20th anniversary and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.",
"chunked_long_answer": "worldwide gross of over $1.84 billion, Titanic was the first film to reach the billion-dollar mark. It remained the highest-grossing film of all time until Cameron's Avatar surpassed it in 2010. A 3D version of Titanic, released on April 4, 2012 to commemorate the centennial of the sinking, earned it an additional $343.6 million worldwide, pushing the film's worldwide total to $2.18 billion and making it the second film to gross more than $2 billion worldwide (after Avatar). In 2017, the film was re-released for its 20th anniversary and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.",
"short_answers": [
"$2.18 billion"
]
} |
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