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question stringlengths 29 100	answers list	ctxs list	nq_annotated_gold dict
who developed the central processing unit (cpu)	[ "John von Neumann" ]	[ { "title": "Central processing unit", "text": "The idea of a stored-program computer was already present in the design of J. Presper Eckert and John William Mauchly's ENIAC, but was initially omitted so that it could be finished sooner. On June 30, 1945, before ENIAC was made, mathematician John von Neumann...	{ "title": "Central processing unit", "long_answer": "The idea of a stored-program computer was already present in the design of J. Presper Eckert and John William Mauchly's ENIAC, but was initially omitted so that it could be finished sooner. On June 30, 1945, before ENIAC was made, mathematician John von Neumann distributed the paper entitled First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC. It was the outline of a stored-program computer that would eventually be completed in August 1949. EDVAC was designed to perform a certain number of instructions (or operations) of various types. Significantly, the programs written for EDVAC were to be stored in high-speed computer memory rather than specified by the physical wiring of the computer. This overcame a severe limitation of ENIAC, which was the considerable time and effort required to reconfigure the computer to perform a new task. With von Neumann's design, the program that EDVAC ran could be changed simply by changing the contents of the memory. EDVAC, however, was not the first stored-program computer; the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine, a small prototype stored-program computer, ran its first program on 21 June 1948 and the Manchester Mark 1 ran its first program during the night of 16–17 June 1949.", "chunked_long_answer": "The idea of a stored-program computer was already present in the design of J. Presper Eckert and John William Mauchly's ENIAC, but was initially omitted so that it could be finished sooner. On June 30, 1945, before ENIAC was made, mathematician John von Neumann distributed the paper entitled First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC. It was the outline of a stored-program computer that would eventually be completed in August 1949. EDVAC was designed to perform a certain number of instructions (or operations) of various types. Significantly, the programs written for EDVAC were to be stored in high-speed computer", "short_answers": [ "John von Neumann" ] }
what is a another name for the water cycle	[ "the hydrological cycle", "the hydrologic cycle", "hydrologic cycle", "hydrological cycle" ]	[ { "title": "Water cycle", "text": "The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle or the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. The mass of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time but the partitioning of the water into the ...	{ "title": "Water cycle", "long_answer": "The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle or the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. The mass of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time but the partitioning of the water into the major reservoirs of ice, fresh water, saline water and atmospheric water is variable depending on a wide range of climatic variables. The water moves from one reservoir to another, such as from river to ocean, or from the ocean to the atmosphere, by the physical processes of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, surface runoff, and subsurface flow. In doing so, the water goes through different forms: liquid, solid (ice) and vapor.", "chunked_long_answer": "The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle or the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. The mass of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time but the partitioning of the water into the major reservoirs of ice, fresh water, saline water and atmospheric water is variable depending on a wide range of climatic variables. The water moves from one reservoir to another, such as from river to ocean, or from the ocean to the atmosphere, by the physical processes of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, surface runoff,", "short_answers": [ "hydrologic cycle", "hydrological cycle", "the hydrologic cycle", "the hydrological cycle" ] }
what is the biggest determinant of climate in venezuela	[ "altitude" ]	[ { "title": "Climate of Venezuela", "text": "The Climate of Venezuela is characterized for being tropical and isothermal as a result of its geographical location near the Equator, but because of the topography and the dominant wind direction, several climatic types occur which can be the same as found in tem...	{ "title": "Climate of Venezuela", "long_answer": "The Climate of Venezuela is characterized for being tropical and isothermal as a result of its geographical location near the Equator, but because of the topography and the dominant wind direction, several climatic types occur which can be the same as found in temperate latitudes, and even polar regions. Latitude exerts little influence on the Venezuelan climate, but the altitude changes it dramatically, particularly the temperature, reaching values very different according to the presence of different thermal floors.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Climate of Venezuela is characterized for being tropical and isothermal as a result of its geographical location near the Equator, but because of the topography and the dominant wind direction, several climatic types occur which can be the same as found in temperate latitudes, and even polar regions. Latitude exerts little influence on the Venezuelan climate, but the altitude changes it dramatically, particularly the temperature, reaching values very different according to the presence of different thermal floors.", "short_answers": [ "altitude" ] }
who invented the printing press and in what year	[ "the German Johannes Gutenberg", "Johannes Gutenberg around 1440", "1440", "Johannes Gutenberg", "around 1440" ]	[ { "title": "Printing press", "text": "The printing press was invented in the Holy Roman Empire by the German Johannes Gutenberg around 1440, based on existing screw presses. Gutenberg, a goldsmith by profession, developed a printing system, by adapting existing technologies to printing purposes, as well as...	{ "title": "Printing press", "long_answer": "The printing press was invented in the Holy Roman Empire by the German Johannes Gutenberg around 1440, based on existing screw presses. Gutenberg, a goldsmith by profession, developed a printing system, by adapting existing technologies to printing purposes, as well as making inventions of his own. His newly devised hand mould made possible the precise and rapid creation of metal movable type in large quantities. Movable type had been hitherto unknown in Europe. In East Asia, where it was invented, the usefulness of movable type was limited by the complexity of the writing system and, without the hand mould, the production of sorts (individual letters of type) was slow. In Europe, the two inventions, the hand mould and the printing press, together drastically reduced the cost of printing books and other documents, particularly in short print runs.", "chunked_long_answer": "The printing press was invented in the Holy Roman Empire by the German Johannes Gutenberg around 1440, based on existing screw presses. Gutenberg, a goldsmith by profession, developed a printing system, by adapting existing technologies to printing purposes, as well as making inventions of his own. His newly devised hand mould made possible the precise and rapid creation of metal movable type in large quantities. Movable type had been hitherto unknown in Europe. In East Asia, where it was invented, the usefulness of movable type was limited by the complexity of the writing system and, without the hand mould, the", "short_answers": [ "1440", "Johannes Gutenberg", "Johannes Gutenberg around 1440", "around 1440", "the German Johannes Gutenberg" ] }
where in the bible are the 12 disciples	[ "Acts 1:13" ]	[ { "title": "Apostles", "text": "Each of the four listings of apostles in the New Testament (Mark 3:13–19, Matthew 10:1–4, Luke 6:12–16, and Acts 1:13) indicate that all the apostles were men. The canonical gospels and the book of Acts give varying names of the twelve apostles. The list in the Gospel of Luk...	{ "title": "Apostles", "long_answer": "Each of the four listings of apostles in the New Testament (Mark 3:13–19, Matthew 10:1–4, Luke 6:12–16, and Acts 1:13) indicate that all the apostles were men. The canonical gospels and the book of Acts give varying names of the twelve apostles. The list in the Gospel of Luke differs from Matthew and Mark at two points. It lists \"Judas the son of James\" instead of \"Thaddeus\". (For more information, see Jude the Apostle.) Unlike the Synoptic Gospels, the Gospel of John does not offer a formal list of apostles. Although it refers to \"the Twelve\" (John 6:67–71), the gospel does not present any elaboration of who these twelve actually were, and the author of the Gospel of John does not mention them all by name. There is also no separation of the terms \"apostles\" and \"disciples\" in John.", "chunked_long_answer": "Each of the four listings of apostles in the New Testament (Mark 3:13–19, Matthew 10:1–4, Luke 6:12–16, and Acts 1:13) indicate that all the apostles were men. The canonical gospels and the book of Acts give varying names of the twelve apostles. The list in the Gospel of Luke differs from Matthew and Mark at two points. It lists \"Judas the son of James\" instead of \"Thaddeus\". (For more information, see Jude the Apostle.) Unlike the Synoptic Gospels, the Gospel of John does not offer a formal list of apostles. Although it refers to \"the Twelve\" (John 6:67–71), the gospel", "short_answers": [ "Acts 1:13" ] }
who is the first indian woman to be canonized as a saint	[ "Saint Alphonsa" ]	[ { "title": "Saint Alphonsa", "text": "Saint Alphonsa, F.C.C., (born Anna Muttathupadathu; 19 August 1910 – 28 July 1946) was an Indian religious sister and educator. She was the first woman of Indian origin to be canonised as a saint by the Catholic Church, and the first canonised saint of the Syro-Malabar...	{ "title": "Saint Alphonsa", "long_answer": "Saint Alphonsa, F.C.C., (born Anna Muttathupadathu; 19 August 1910 – 28 July 1946) was an Indian religious sister and educator. She was the first woman of Indian origin to be canonised as a saint by the Catholic Church, and the first canonised saint of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, an Eastern Catholic Church based in India. Her feast day is observed on July 28th.", "chunked_long_answer": "Saint Alphonsa, F.C.C., (born Anna Muttathupadathu; 19 August 1910 – 28 July 1946) was an Indian religious sister and educator. She was the first woman of Indian origin to be canonised as a saint by the Catholic Church, and the first canonised saint of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, an Eastern Catholic Church based in India. Her feast day is observed on July 28th.", "short_answers": [ "Saint Alphonsa" ] }
what is the meaning of the harp in ireland	[ "the arms of Ireland" ]	[ { "title": "Coat of arms of Ireland", "text": "on medieval Irish coinage by kings John and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries. These devices may have been crude harps or it may be that the harp developed from the use of triangles to distinguish Irish coins. The idea of a harp being the arms of Ireland ...	{ "title": "Coat of arms of Ireland", "long_answer": "However, reference to the harp as the arms of the king of Ireland can be found in one of the oldest medieval rolls of arms. The Wijnbergen Roll, a French roll of arms dating from c. 1280 and preserved in The Hague, Netherlands, attributed \"D'azure a la harpe d'or\" (English: Blue with a harp of gold) to the King of Ireland (\"le Roi d'Irlande\"). The harp, traditionally associated with King David, was a rare charge on medieval rolls and only two arms with a harp are listed in a collection of 19 early rolls. Triangular devices appeared on medieval Irish coinage by kings John and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries. These devices may have been crude harps or it may be that the harp developed from the use of triangles to distinguish Irish coins. The idea of a harp being the arms of Ireland may have originated as a reference to a fictional character, le roi d'irelande, in the courtly legend cycle of Tristan. Alternatively, it may have derived from a celebrated 13th century bardic poem, Tabhroidh Chugam Cruit mo Riogh, dedicated to the Donnchadh Cairbreach O'Briain (d. 1242), a Gaelic King of Thomond.", "chunked_long_answer": "on medieval Irish coinage by kings John and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries. These devices may have been crude harps or it may be that the harp developed from the use of triangles to distinguish Irish coins. The idea of a harp being the arms of Ireland may have originated as a reference to a fictional character, le roi d'irelande, in the courtly legend cycle of Tristan. Alternatively, it may have derived from a celebrated 13th century bardic poem, Tabhroidh Chugam Cruit mo Riogh, dedicated to the Donnchadh Cairbreach O'Briain (d. 1242), a Gaelic King of Thomond.", "short_answers": [ "the arms of Ireland" ] }
what is the origin of the word celsius	[ "the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius" ]	[ { "title": "Celsius", "text": "as the centigrade scale, is a temperature scale used by the International System of Units (SI). As an SI derived unit, it is used by all countries in the world, except the United States, Myanmar, and Liberia. It is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744),...	{ "title": "Celsius", "long_answer": "The Celsius scale, previously known as the centigrade scale, is a temperature scale used by the International System of Units (SI). As an SI derived unit, it is used by all countries in the world, except the United States, Myanmar, and Liberia. It is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who developed a similar temperature scale. The degree Celsius (symbol: °C) can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale as well as a unit to indicate a temperature interval, a difference between two temperatures or an uncertainty. Before being renamed to honor Anders Celsius in 1948, the unit was called centigrade, from the Latin centum, which means 100, and gradus, which means steps.\n", "chunked_long_answer": "as the centigrade scale, is a temperature scale used by the International System of Units (SI). As an SI derived unit, it is used by all countries in the world, except the United States, Myanmar, and Liberia. It is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who developed a similar temperature scale. The degree Celsius (symbol: °C) can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale as well as a unit to indicate a temperature interval, a difference between two temperatures or an uncertainty. Before being renamed to honor Anders Celsius in 1948, the unit was called centigrade,", "short_answers": [ "the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius" ] }
who plays lindsay denton in line of duty	[ "Keeley Clare Julia Hawes" ]	[ { "title": "Keeley Hawes", "text": "Keeley Clare Julia Hawes (born 10 February 1976) is an English actress. She starred in the film version of The Last September (1999) and has voiced roles in video games, such as Lara Croft in several of the Tomb Raider games. She is also known for her roles as Kitty Butl...	{ "title": "Keeley Hawes", "long_answer": "Keeley Clare Julia Hawes (born 10 February 1976) is an English actress. She starred in the film version of The Last September (1999) and has voiced roles in video games, such as Lara Croft in several of the Tomb Raider games. She is also known for her roles as Kitty Butler in Tipping the Velvet, Zoe Reynolds in Spooks (2002–2004), Alex Drake in Ashes to Ashes (2008–2010), Lady Agnes in the 2010 reboot of Upstairs, Downstairs, Detective Inspector Lindsay Denton in the second and third series of Line of Duty (2014–2016), as a mother in search of her abducted child in the BBC series The Missing, and as Louisa Durrell in the ITV series The Durrells.", "chunked_long_answer": "Keeley Clare Julia Hawes (born 10 February 1976) is an English actress. She starred in the film version of The Last September (1999) and has voiced roles in video games, such as Lara Croft in several of the Tomb Raider games. She is also known for her roles as Kitty Butler in Tipping the Velvet, Zoe Reynolds in Spooks (2002–2004), Alex Drake in Ashes to Ashes (2008–2010), Lady Agnes in the 2010 reboot of Upstairs, Downstairs, Detective Inspector Lindsay Denton in the second and third series of Line of Duty (2014–2016), as a mother in search of her abducted child", "short_answers": [ "Keeley Clare Julia Hawes" ] }
when was hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy made	[ "2005", "1978" ]	[ { "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "text": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (sometimes referred to as HG2G, HHGTTG or H2G2) is a comedy science fiction series created by Douglas Adams. Originally a radio comedy broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in 1978, it was later adapted to other formats, inc...	{ "title": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "long_answer": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (sometimes referred to as HG2G, HHGTTG or H2G2) is a comedy science fiction series created by Douglas Adams. Originally a radio comedy broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in 1978, it was later adapted to other formats, including stage shows, novels, comic books, a 1981 TV series, a 1984 video game, and 2005 feature film.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (sometimes referred to as HG2G, HHGTTG or H2G2) is a comedy science fiction series created by Douglas Adams. Originally a radio comedy broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in 1978, it was later adapted to other formats, including stage shows, novels, comic books, a 1981 TV series, a 1984 video game, and 2005 feature film.", "short_answers": [ "1978", "2005" ] }
what is the full form of cfc's	[ "Chlorofluorocarbons" ]	[ { "title": "Chlorofluorocarbon", "text": "Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are fully halogenated paraffin hydrocarbons that contain only carbon, chlorine, and fluorine, produced as volatile derivative of methane, ethane, and propane. They are also commonly known by the DuPont brand name Freon. The most common re...	{ "title": "Chlorofluorocarbon", "long_answer": "Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are fully halogenated paraffin hydrocarbons that contain only carbon, chlorine, and fluorine, produced as volatile derivative of methane, ethane, and propane. They are also commonly known by the DuPont brand name Freon. The most common representative is dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12 or Freon-12). Many CFCs have been widely used as refrigerants, propellants (in aerosol applications), and solvents. Because CFCs contribute to ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere, the manufacture of such compounds has been phased out under the Montreal Protocol, and they are being replaced with other products such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) (e.g., R-410A) and R-134a.", "chunked_long_answer": "Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are fully halogenated paraffin hydrocarbons that contain only carbon, chlorine, and fluorine, produced as volatile derivative of methane, ethane, and propane. They are also commonly known by the DuPont brand name Freon. The most common representative is dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12 or Freon-12). Many CFCs have been widely used as refrigerants, propellants (in aerosol applications), and solvents. Because CFCs contribute to ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere, the manufacture of such compounds has been phased out under the Montreal Protocol, and they are being replaced with other products such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) (e.g., R-410A) and R-134a.", "short_answers": [ "Chlorofluorocarbons" ] }
when does madea's family funeral come out	[ "2018" ]	[ { "title": "Madea", "text": "Tyler Perry has confirmed that in A Madea Family Funeral (2018) Madea has another brother named Heathrow (Also played by Perry). A Vietnam war veteran.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { ...	{ "title": "Madea", "long_answer": "Tyler Perry has confirmed that in A Madea Family Funeral (2018) Madea has another brother named Heathrow (Also played by Perry). A Vietnam war veteran.", "chunked_long_answer": "Tyler Perry has confirmed that in A Madea Family Funeral (2018) Madea has another brother named Heathrow (Also played by Perry). A Vietnam war veteran.", "short_answers": [ "2018" ] }
who won the battle of saratoga in 1777	[ "Americans", "the Americans" ]	[ { "title": "Battles of Saratoga", "text": "The Battles of Saratoga (September 19 and October 7, 1777) marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign, giving a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War. British General John Burgoyne led a large invasion army southward ...	{ "title": "Battles of Saratoga", "long_answer": "The Battles of Saratoga (September 19 and October 7, 1777) marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign, giving a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War. British General John Burgoyne led a large invasion army southward from Canada in the Champlain Valley, hoping to meet a similar British force marching northward from New York City and another British force marching eastward from Lake Ontario; the southern and western forces never arrived, and Burgoyne was surrounded by American forces in upstate New York. He fought two small battles to break out which took place 18 days apart on the same ground, 9 miles (14 km) south of Saratoga, New York. They both failed.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Battles of Saratoga (September 19 and October 7, 1777) marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign, giving a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War. British General John Burgoyne led a large invasion army southward from Canada in the Champlain Valley, hoping to meet a similar British force marching northward from New York City and another British force marching eastward from Lake Ontario; the southern and western forces never arrived, and Burgoyne was surrounded by American forces in upstate New York. He fought two small battles to break out which took place 18", "short_answers": [ "Americans", "the Americans" ] }
where does the name loyola university come from	[ "St. Ignatius of Loyola" ]	[ { "title": "Loyola University Chicago", "text": "LU Wolf is the mascot for the University. He was inspired by the coat-of-arms of St. Ignatius of Loyola, from whom Loyola derives its name, which depicts two wolves standing over a kettle. Taken from the heraldic crest carved in the lintel on St. Ignatius' f...	{ "title": "Loyola University Chicago", "long_answer": "LU Wolf is the mascot for the University. He was inspired by the coat-of-arms of St. Ignatius of Loyola, from whom Loyola derives its name, which depicts two wolves standing over a kettle. Taken from the heraldic crest carved in the lintel on St. Ignatius' family home in Azpeitia, Spain, the wolves and cauldron refer to the prosperity and generosity of the Loyola family, who, after feeding family, retainers and soldiers, had enough food to feed even the wild animals.", "chunked_long_answer": "LU Wolf is the mascot for the University. He was inspired by the coat-of-arms of St. Ignatius of Loyola, from whom Loyola derives its name, which depicts two wolves standing over a kettle. Taken from the heraldic crest carved in the lintel on St. Ignatius' family home in Azpeitia, Spain, the wolves and cauldron refer to the prosperity and generosity of the Loyola family, who, after feeding family, retainers and soldiers, had enough food to feed even the wild animals.", "short_answers": [ "St. Ignatius of Loyola" ] }
when does season 8 of shameless come back	[ "November 5, 2017" ]	[ { "title": "Shameless (season 8)", "text": "The eighth season of Shameless, an American comedy-drama television series based on the award-winning British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, was announced on December 19, 2016, a day after the seventh season finale. The season will consist of a total of 1...	{ "title": "Shameless (season 8)", "long_answer": "The eighth season of Shameless, an American comedy-drama television series based on the award-winning British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, was announced on December 19, 2016, a day after the seventh season finale. The season will consist of a total of 12 episodes. It is slated to premiere on November 5, 2017.", "chunked_long_answer": "The eighth season of Shameless, an American comedy-drama television series based on the award-winning British series of the same name by Paul Abbott, was announced on December 19, 2016, a day after the seventh season finale. The season will consist of a total of 12 episodes. It is slated to premiere on November 5, 2017.", "short_answers": [ "November 5, 2017" ] }
who is playing halftime show super bowl 50	[ "Beyoncé", "Coldplay", "Bruno Mars", "the British rock group Coldplay" ]	[ { "title": "Super Bowl 50 halftime show", "text": "The Super Bowl 50 Halftime Show took place on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California as part of Super Bowl 50. It was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars, who previously h...	{ "title": "Super Bowl 50 halftime show", "long_answer": "The Super Bowl 50 Halftime Show took place on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California as part of Super Bowl 50. It was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars, who previously had headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows, respectively.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Super Bowl 50 Halftime Show took place on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California as part of Super Bowl 50. It was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars, who previously had headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows, respectively.", "short_answers": [ "Beyoncé", "Bruno Mars", "Coldplay", "the British rock group Coldplay" ] }
where do rory and paris go to college	[ "Yale University", "Yale University," ]	[ { "title": "Rory Gilmore", "text": "After graduating Chilton as valedictorian and with a 4.2 GPA, Rory goes on to attend Yale University, her grandfather's alma mater, in season four, although her entire life she had wanted to go to Harvard, having decided that the benefits of Yale outweighed her dream of s...	{ "title": "Rory Gilmore", "long_answer": "After graduating Chilton as valedictorian and with a 4.2 GPA, Rory goes on to attend Yale University, her grandfather's alma mater, in season four, although her entire life she had wanted to go to Harvard, having decided that the benefits of Yale outweighed her dream of studying at Harvard. During her freshman year, Rory resides at Durfee Hall and shares a dorm room with Tana, Janet, and fellow Chilton alumna Paris Geller. She moves to Branford College, the same residential college that her grandfather, Richard Gilmore, lived in, at the beginning of her sophomore year. There she shares a dorm room with Paris. At Yale, Rory majors in English and pursues her interest in journalism; she wants to be a foreign correspondent and her role-model is Christiane Amanpour. She writes for the Yale Daily News and is its editor towards the end of her studies.", "chunked_long_answer": "After graduating Chilton as valedictorian and with a 4.2 GPA, Rory goes on to attend Yale University, her grandfather's alma mater, in season four, although her entire life she had wanted to go to Harvard, having decided that the benefits of Yale outweighed her dream of studying at Harvard. During her freshman year, Rory resides at Durfee Hall and shares a dorm room with Tana, Janet, and fellow Chilton alumna Paris Geller. She moves to Branford College, the same residential college that her grandfather, Richard Gilmore, lived in, at the beginning of her sophomore year. There she shares a dorm", "short_answers": [ "Yale University", "Yale University," ] }
who was the winner of the first indianapolis 500	[ "Ray Harroun" ]	[ { "title": "List of Indianapolis 500 winners", "text": "The first Indianapolis 500 was held in 1911, where Ray Harroun was declared the first winner, driving the Marmon Wasp. The race has been run annually since 1911 (with exceptions during World War I and World War II) and 71 drivers have been crowned cha...	{ "title": "List of Indianapolis 500 winners", "long_answer": "The first Indianapolis 500 was held in 1911, where Ray Harroun was declared the first winner, driving the Marmon Wasp. The race has been run annually since 1911 (with exceptions during World War I and World War II) and 71 drivers have been crowned champions of the 500-mile race over the course of 101 races. The most race victories held by a single driver is four, which has been accomplished only by A. J. Foyt, Al Unser and Rick Mears. The Indianapolis 500 has also drawn many international drivers to the Indianapolis Motor Speedway over the years, with 26 of the winners coming from outside of the United States, representing nine separate countries. The most recent champion of the Indianapolis 500 is Takuma Sato, winner of the 2017 race.", "chunked_long_answer": "The first Indianapolis 500 was held in 1911, where Ray Harroun was declared the first winner, driving the Marmon Wasp. The race has been run annually since 1911 (with exceptions during World War I and World War II) and 71 drivers have been crowned champions of the 500-mile race over the course of 101 races. The most race victories held by a single driver is four, which has been accomplished only by A. J. Foyt, Al Unser and Rick Mears. The Indianapolis 500 has also drawn many international drivers to the Indianapolis Motor Speedway over the years, with 26 of", "short_answers": [ "Ray Harroun" ] }
when did the united states acquired puerto rico	[ "1898" ]	[ { "title": "United States territorial acquisitions", "text": "Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines (for which the United States compensated Spain $20 million, equivalent to $588 million in present-day terms), were ceded by Spain after the Spanish–American War in the 1898 Treaty of Paris. Spain relinquish...	{ "title": "United States territorial acquisitions", "long_answer": "Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines (for which the United States compensated Spain $20 million, equivalent to $588 million in present-day terms), were ceded by Spain after the Spanish–American War in the 1898 Treaty of Paris. Spain relinquished all claim of sovereignty over Cuba, but did not cede it to the United States, so it became a protectorate. All four of these areas were under United States Military Government (USMG) for extended periods. Cuba became an independent nation in 1902, and the Philippines became an independent nation in 1946.", "chunked_long_answer": "Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines (for which the United States compensated Spain $20 million, equivalent to $588 million in present-day terms), were ceded by Spain after the Spanish–American War in the 1898 Treaty of Paris. Spain relinquished all claim of sovereignty over Cuba, but did not cede it to the United States, so it became a protectorate. All four of these areas were under United States Military Government (USMG) for extended periods. Cuba became an independent nation in 1902, and the Philippines became an independent nation in 1946.", "short_answers": [ "1898" ] }
which episode does gideon die in criminal minds	[ "\"Nelson's Sparrow\"", "Nelson's Sparrow" ]	[ { "title": "Jason Gideon", "text": "In the season ten episode \"Nelson's Sparrow\", Gideon was murdered off-screen, having been shot dead at a close range by a serial killer named Donnie Mallick (Arye Gross), which prompts the BAU team to investigate Gideon's murder. During the flashbacks focusing on a you...	{ "title": "Jason Gideon", "long_answer": "In the season ten episode \"Nelson's Sparrow\", Gideon was murdered off-screen, having been shot dead at a close range by a serial killer named Donnie Mallick (Arye Gross), which prompts the BAU team to investigate Gideon's murder. During the flashbacks focusing on a young version of him for the episode which show him working at the BAU in 1978, he is played by Ben Savage.", "chunked_long_answer": "In the season ten episode \"Nelson's Sparrow\", Gideon was murdered off-screen, having been shot dead at a close range by a serial killer named Donnie Mallick (Arye Gross), which prompts the BAU team to investigate Gideon's murder. During the flashbacks focusing on a young version of him for the episode which show him working at the BAU in 1978, he is played by Ben Savage.", "short_answers": [ "\"Nelson's Sparrow\"", "Nelson's Sparrow" ] }
what does the ghost of christmas present sprinkle from his torch	[ "warmth", "a little warmth" ]	[ { "title": "Ghost of Christmas Present", "text": "The spirit transports Scrooge around the city, showing him scenes of festivity and also deprivation that are happening as they watch, sprinkling a little warmth from his torch as he travels. Amongst the visits are Scrooge's nephew, and the family of his imp...	{ "title": "Ghost of Christmas Present", "long_answer": "The spirit transports Scrooge around the city, showing him scenes of festivity and also deprivation that are happening as they watch, sprinkling a little warmth from his torch as he travels. Amongst the visits are Scrooge's nephew, and the family of his impoverished clerk, Bob Cratchit. Scrooge takes an interest in Cratchit's desperately-ill son, Tiny Tim, and asks the Ghost if Tim will live. The Ghost first states that \"If these shadows remain unaltered by the Future, the child will die,\" and then – quick to use Scrooge's past heartless comments to two charitable solicitors against him – states, \"What then? If he be like to die, he had better do it, and decrease the surplus population.\" The spirit then warns Scrooge to \"forebear that wicked tongue until you have discovered for yourself what the surplus is, and where it is.\" and chillingly tells him \"It may be, that in the sight of heaven, you are more worthless and less fit to live than MILLIONS like this poor man's child.\"", "chunked_long_answer": "The spirit transports Scrooge around the city, showing him scenes of festivity and also deprivation that are happening as they watch, sprinkling a little warmth from his torch as he travels. Amongst the visits are Scrooge's nephew, and the family of his impoverished clerk, Bob Cratchit. Scrooge takes an interest in Cratchit's desperately-ill son, Tiny Tim, and asks the Ghost if Tim will live. The Ghost first states that \"If these shadows remain unaltered by the Future, the child will die,\" and then – quick to use Scrooge's past heartless comments to two charitable solicitors against him – states, \"What", "short_answers": [ "a little warmth", "warmth" ] }
who won the 2018 women's royal rumble match	[ "Asuka" ]	[ { "title": "Royal Rumble (2018)", "text": "Nine matches were contested at the event, including three on the pre-show. In the main event, Asuka won the first-ever women's Royal Rumble match, which was also the second women's match to main event a WWE pay-per-view, and the first to main event one of WWE's \"B...	{ "title": "Royal Rumble (2018)", "long_answer": "Nine matches were contested at the event, including three on the pre-show. In the main event, Asuka won the first-ever women's Royal Rumble match, which was also the second women's match to main event a WWE pay-per-view, and the first to main event one of WWE's \"Big Four\" pay-per-views. The men's Royal Rumble match was won by Shinsuke Nakamura. Other prominent matches included Brock Lesnar retaining the Universal Championship in a triple threat match against Braun Strowman and Kane, and AJ Styles retained the WWE Championship against Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn in a handicap match. The event was also notable for the surprise appearance of former UFC star Ronda Rousey following the women's match, officially confirming that she had signed full-time with WWE.", "chunked_long_answer": "Nine matches were contested at the event, including three on the pre-show. In the main event, Asuka won the first-ever women's Royal Rumble match, which was also the second women's match to main event a WWE pay-per-view, and the first to main event one of WWE's \"Big Four\" pay-per-views. The men's Royal Rumble match was won by Shinsuke Nakamura. Other prominent matches included Brock Lesnar retaining the Universal Championship in a triple threat match against Braun Strowman and Kane, and AJ Styles retained the WWE Championship against Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn in a handicap match. The event was also", "short_answers": [ "Asuka" ] }
where was part of the classic surfing movie endless summer filmed	[ "Ghana", "Hawaii", "Nigeria", "Tahiti", "Australia", "New Zealand", "Senegal", "South Africa" ]	[ { "title": "The Endless Summer", "text": "Filmmaker/narrator Bruce Brown follows two surfers, Mike Hynson and Robert August, on a surfing trip around the world. Despite the balmy climate of their native California, cold ocean currents make local beaches inhospitable during the winter. They travel to the coa...	{ "title": "The Endless Summer", "long_answer": "Filmmaker/narrator Bruce Brown follows two surfers, Mike Hynson and Robert August, on a surfing trip around the world. Despite the balmy climate of their native California, cold ocean currents make local beaches inhospitable during the winter. They travel to the coasts of Australia, New Zealand, Tahiti, Hawaii, Senegal, Ghana, Nigeria and South Africa in a quest for new surf spots and introduce locals to the sport. Other important surfers of the time, such as Miki Dora, Phil Edwards and Butch Van Artsdalen also appear.", "chunked_long_answer": "Filmmaker/narrator Bruce Brown follows two surfers, Mike Hynson and Robert August, on a surfing trip around the world. Despite the balmy climate of their native California, cold ocean currents make local beaches inhospitable during the winter. They travel to the coasts of Australia, New Zealand, Tahiti, Hawaii, Senegal, Ghana, Nigeria and South Africa in a quest for new surf spots and introduce locals to the sport. Other important surfers of the time, such as Miki Dora, Phil Edwards and Butch Van Artsdalen also appear.", "short_answers": [ "Australia", "Ghana", "Hawaii", "New Zealand", "Nigeria", "Senegal", "South Africa", "Tahiti" ] }
who was the first woman to win who wants to be a millionaire	[ "Judith Cynthia Aline Keppel" ]	[ { "title": "Judith Keppel", "text": "Judith Cynthia Aline Keppel (born 18 August 1942) was the first one-million-pound winner on the television game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? in the United Kingdom. She is also the only woman in the United Kingdom to have won it and also the first person to win a ...	{ "title": "Judith Keppel", "long_answer": "Judith Cynthia Aline Keppel (born 18 August 1942) was the first one-million-pound winner on the television game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? in the United Kingdom. She is also the only woman in the United Kingdom to have won it and also the first person to win a million pounds or more on a British television game show. She has appeared on the BBC Two quiz show Eggheads since 2003.", "chunked_long_answer": "Judith Cynthia Aline Keppel (born 18 August 1942) was the first one-million-pound winner on the television game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? in the United Kingdom. She is also the only woman in the United Kingdom to have won it and also the first person to win a million pounds or more on a British television game show. She has appeared on the BBC Two quiz show Eggheads since 2003.", "short_answers": [ "Judith Cynthia Aline Keppel" ] }
who are nominated for president of india 2017	[ "Meira Kumar", "Ram Nath Kovind" ]	[ { "title": "Indian presidential election, 2017", "text": "Governor of Bihar Ram Nath Kovind of the Bharatiya Janata Party had the backing of the governing National Democratic Alliance coalition, and went up against opposition candidate Meira Kumar of the Indian National Congress in the vote. Kovind secured...	{ "title": "Indian presidential election, 2017", "long_answer": "Governor of Bihar Ram Nath Kovind of the Bharatiya Janata Party had the backing of the governing National Democratic Alliance coalition, and went up against opposition candidate Meira Kumar of the Indian National Congress in the vote. Kovind secured roughly two thirds of the votes from the electoral college of elected members of federal, state and union territory legislatures and was elected to a five-year term as President. Kovind's term of office began on 25 July 2017.", "chunked_long_answer": "Governor of Bihar Ram Nath Kovind of the Bharatiya Janata Party had the backing of the governing National Democratic Alliance coalition, and went up against opposition candidate Meira Kumar of the Indian National Congress in the vote. Kovind secured roughly two thirds of the votes from the electoral college of elected members of federal, state and union territory legislatures and was elected to a five-year term as President. Kovind's term of office began on 25 July 2017.", "short_answers": [ "Meira Kumar", "Ram Nath Kovind" ] }
who wrote he ain't heavy he's my brother lyrics	[ "Bobby Scott", "Bob Russell" ]	[ { "title": "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother", "text": "\"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother\" is a popular music ballad written by Bobby Scott and Bob Russell. Originally recorded by Kelly Gordon in 1969, the song became a worldwide hit for The Hollies later that year and again for Neil Diamond in 1970. It ha...	{ "title": "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother", "long_answer": "\"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother\" is a popular music ballad written by Bobby Scott and Bob Russell. Originally recorded by Kelly Gordon in 1969, the song became a worldwide hit for The Hollies later that year and again for Neil Diamond in 1970. It has been covered by many artists in subsequent years. The Hollies' and Rufus Wainwright's versions of the song were featured in the film Zoolander.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother\" is a popular music ballad written by Bobby Scott and Bob Russell. Originally recorded by Kelly Gordon in 1969, the song became a worldwide hit for The Hollies later that year and again for Neil Diamond in 1970. It has been covered by many artists in subsequent years. The Hollies' and Rufus Wainwright's versions of the song were featured in the film Zoolander.", "short_answers": [ "Bob Russell", "Bobby Scott" ] }
when was the lupus foundation of america founded	[ "1977" ]	[ { "title": "Lupus Foundation of America", "text": "The Lupus Foundation of America (LFA), founded in 1977, is a national voluntary health organization based in Washington, D.C. with a network of chapters, offices and support groups located in communities throughout the United States. The Foundation is devo...	{ "title": "Lupus Foundation of America", "long_answer": "The Lupus Foundation of America (LFA), founded in 1977, is a national voluntary health organization based in Washington, D.C. with a network of chapters, offices and support groups located in communities throughout the United States. The Foundation is devoted to solving the mystery of lupus, one of the world’s cruelest, most unpredictable and devastating diseases, while giving caring support to those who suffer from its brutal impact. Its mission is to improve the quality of life for all people affected by lupus through programs of research, education, support and advocacy.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Lupus Foundation of America (LFA), founded in 1977, is a national voluntary health organization based in Washington, D.C. with a network of chapters, offices and support groups located in communities throughout the United States. The Foundation is devoted to solving the mystery of lupus, one of the world’s cruelest, most unpredictable and devastating diseases, while giving caring support to those who suffer from its brutal impact. Its mission is to improve the quality of life for all people affected by lupus through programs of research, education, support and advocacy.", "short_answers": [ "1977" ] }
aphasia is a term defining difficulty or loss of ability to	[ "comprehend and formulate language", "formulate language" ]	[ { "title": "Aphasia", "text": "Aphasia is an inability to comprehend and formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions. This damage is typically caused by a cerebral vascular accident (stroke), or head trauma; however, these are not the only possible causes. To be diagnosed with aphasia, a...	{ "title": "Aphasia", "long_answer": "Aphasia is an inability to comprehend and formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions. This damage is typically caused by a cerebral vascular accident (stroke), or head trauma; however, these are not the only possible causes. To be diagnosed with aphasia, a person's speech or language must be significantly impaired in one (or several) of the four communication modalities following acquired brain injury or have significant decline over a short time period (progressive aphasia). The four communication modalities are auditory comprehension, verbal expression, reading and writing, and functional communication.", "chunked_long_answer": "Aphasia is an inability to comprehend and formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions. This damage is typically caused by a cerebral vascular accident (stroke), or head trauma; however, these are not the only possible causes. To be diagnosed with aphasia, a person's speech or language must be significantly impaired in one (or several) of the four communication modalities following acquired brain injury or have significant decline over a short time period (progressive aphasia). The four communication modalities are auditory comprehension, verbal expression, reading and writing, and functional communication.", "short_answers": [ "comprehend and formulate language", "formulate language" ] }
who plays alec ramsay in the black stallion	[ "Kelly Reno" ]	[ { "title": "Kelly Reno", "text": "Kelly Reno (born June 19, 1966, in Pueblo, Colorado) is a former child actor who was cast at age 11 in the role of Alec Ramsey, the young boy who is marooned on a deserted island along with a horse, in The Black Stallion (based on the novel by Walter Farley). The film was ...	{ "title": "Kelly Reno", "long_answer": "Kelly Reno (born June 19, 1966, in Pueblo, Colorado) is a former child actor who was cast at age 11 in the role of Alec Ramsey, the young boy who is marooned on a deserted island along with a horse, in The Black Stallion (based on the novel by Walter Farley). The film was made in 1977.", "chunked_long_answer": "Kelly Reno (born June 19, 1966, in Pueblo, Colorado) is a former child actor who was cast at age 11 in the role of Alec Ramsey, the young boy who is marooned on a deserted island along with a horse, in The Black Stallion (based on the novel by Walter Farley). The film was made in 1977.", "short_answers": [ "Kelly Reno" ] }
who wrote you must have been a beautiful baby	[ "Johnny Mercer", "lyrics by Johnny Mercer", "music by Harry Warren", "Harry Warren" ]	[ { "title": "You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby", "text": "\"You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby\" is a popular song with music by Harry Warren and lyrics by Johnny Mercer, published in 1938 by Remick Music Corporation. It was featured in the Warner Brothers movie Hard to Get, released November 1938, in wh...	{ "title": "You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby", "long_answer": "\"You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby\" is a popular song with music by Harry Warren and lyrics by Johnny Mercer, published in 1938 by Remick Music Corporation. It was featured in the Warner Brothers movie Hard to Get, released November 1938, in which it was sung by Dick Powell.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby\" is a popular song with music by Harry Warren and lyrics by Johnny Mercer, published in 1938 by Remick Music Corporation. It was featured in the Warner Brothers movie Hard to Get, released November 1938, in which it was sung by Dick Powell.", "short_answers": [ "Harry Warren", "Johnny Mercer", "lyrics by Johnny Mercer", "music by Harry Warren" ] }
which is the default file extension for an audio file in windows media player	[ "Windows Playlist (WPL)" ]	[ { "title": "Windows Media Player", "text": "Windows Media Player 11 is available for Windows XP and included in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008. The default file formats are Windows Media Video (WMV), Windows Media Audio (WMA), and Advanced Systems Format (ASF), and its own XML based playlist format c...	{ "title": "Windows Media Player", "long_answer": "Windows Media Player 11 is available for Windows XP and included in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008. The default file formats are Windows Media Video (WMV), Windows Media Audio (WMA), and Advanced Systems Format (ASF), and its own XML based playlist format called Windows Playlist (WPL). The player is also able to utilize a digital rights management service in the form of Windows Media DRM.", "chunked_long_answer": "Windows Media Player 11 is available for Windows XP and included in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008. The default file formats are Windows Media Video (WMV), Windows Media Audio (WMA), and Advanced Systems Format (ASF), and its own XML based playlist format called Windows Playlist (WPL). The player is also able to utilize a digital rights management service in the form of Windows Media DRM.", "short_answers": [ "Windows Playlist (WPL)" ] }
when was rosencrantz and guildenstern are dead written	[ "1966" ]	[ { "title": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead", "text": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, often referred to as just Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, is an absurdist, existentialist tragicomedy by Tom Stoppard, first staged at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 1966. The play expands upon the exploits ...	{ "title": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead", "long_answer": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, often referred to as just Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, is an absurdist, existentialist tragicomedy by Tom Stoppard, first staged at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 1966. The play expands upon the exploits of two minor characters from Shakespeare's Hamlet, the courtiers Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. The action of Stoppard's play takes place mainly \"in the wings\" of Shakespeare's, with brief appearances of major characters from Hamlet who enact fragments of the original's scenes. Between these episodes the two protagonists voice their confusion at the progress of events occurring onstage without them in Hamlet, of which they have no direct knowledge.", "chunked_long_answer": "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, often referred to as just Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, is an absurdist, existentialist tragicomedy by Tom Stoppard, first staged at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 1966. The play expands upon the exploits of two minor characters from Shakespeare's Hamlet, the courtiers Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. The action of Stoppard's play takes place mainly \"in the wings\" of Shakespeare's, with brief appearances of major characters from Hamlet who enact fragments of the original's scenes. Between these episodes the two protagonists voice their confusion at the progress of events occurring onstage without them in Hamlet, of which they have", "short_answers": [ "1966" ] }
who plays connor's mom in madeas christmas	[ "Kathy Najimy" ]	[ { "title": "A Madea Christmas (film)", "text": "Connor's parents, Buddy (Larry the Cable Guy), and Kim (Kathy Najimy), arrive at Connor and Lacey's house, as they have come to visit him for Christmas and are told that they must not mention that he and Lacey are married, as they do not know that Eileen has n...	{ "title": "A Madea Christmas (film)", "long_answer": "Connor's parents, Buddy (Larry the Cable Guy), and Kim (Kathy Najimy), arrive at Connor and Lacey's house, as they have come to visit him for Christmas and are told that they must not mention that he and Lacey are married, as they do not know that Eileen has never wanted Lacey to marry a white man. Meanwhile, Eileen decides to get a Christmas tree and cuts down one with a yellow ribbon wrapped around it in the backyard, not knowing that Kim planted the tree in memory of her deceased father. When Eileen learns of this, she expresses no remorse, upsetting Kim. That night, Eileen walks in on Buddy and Kim, seeing Buddy with a sheet over his head, convincing her that Buddy is in the KKK. Now scared, she bars the door to the room that she and Madea are sharing.", "chunked_long_answer": "Connor's parents, Buddy (Larry the Cable Guy), and Kim (Kathy Najimy), arrive at Connor and Lacey's house, as they have come to visit him for Christmas and are told that they must not mention that he and Lacey are married, as they do not know that Eileen has never wanted Lacey to marry a white man. Meanwhile, Eileen decides to get a Christmas tree and cuts down one with a yellow ribbon wrapped around it in the backyard, not knowing that Kim planted the tree in memory of her deceased father. When Eileen learns of this, she expresses no remorse,", "short_answers": [ "Kathy Najimy" ] }
hazels boyfriend in the fault in our stars	[ "Augustus Waters" ]	[ { "title": "The Fault in Our Stars", "text": "Julius Caesar, in which the nobleman Cassius says to Brutus: \"The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, / But in ourselves, that we are underlings.\" The story is narrated by Hazel Grace Lancaster, a 16-year-old girl with cancer. Hazel is forced by her paren...	{ "title": "The Fault in Our Stars", "long_answer": "The Fault in Our Stars is the sixth novel by author John Green, published in January 2012. The title is inspired by Act 1, Scene 2 of Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar, in which the nobleman Cassius says to Brutus: \"The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, / But in ourselves, that we are underlings.\" The story is narrated by Hazel Grace Lancaster, a 16-year-old girl with cancer. Hazel is forced by her parents to attend a support group where she subsequently meets and falls in love with 17-year-old Augustus Waters, an ex-basketball player and amputee. A feature film adaptation of the novel directed by Josh Boone and starring Shailene Woodley, Ansel Elgort and Nat Wolff was released on June 6, 2014. Both the book and its film adaptation were met with strong critical and commercial success.", "chunked_long_answer": "Julius Caesar, in which the nobleman Cassius says to Brutus: \"The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, / But in ourselves, that we are underlings.\" The story is narrated by Hazel Grace Lancaster, a 16-year-old girl with cancer. Hazel is forced by her parents to attend a support group where she subsequently meets and falls in love with 17-year-old Augustus Waters, an ex-basketball player and amputee. A feature film adaptation of the novel directed by Josh Boone and starring Shailene Woodley, Ansel Elgort and Nat Wolff was released on June 6, 2014. Both the book and its film", "short_answers": [ "Augustus Waters" ] }
when did italy enter the second world war	[ "10 June 1940" ]	[ { "title": "Military history of Italy during World War II", "text": "On 10 June 1940, as the French government fled to Bordeaux during the German invasion, declaring Paris an open city, Mussolini felt the conflict would soon end and declared war on Britain and France. As he said to the Army's Chief-of-Staf...	{ "title": "Military history of Italy during World War II", "long_answer": "On 10 June 1940, as the French government fled to Bordeaux during the German invasion, declaring Paris an open city, Mussolini felt the conflict would soon end and declared war on Britain and France. As he said to the Army's Chief-of-Staff, Marshal Badoglio:", "chunked_long_answer": "On 10 June 1940, as the French government fled to Bordeaux during the German invasion, declaring Paris an open city, Mussolini felt the conflict would soon end and declared war on Britain and France. As he said to the Army's Chief-of-Staff, Marshal Badoglio:", "short_answers": [ "10 June 1940" ] }
who drives the number 95 car in nascar	[ "Michael Christopher McDowell" ]	[ { "title": "Michael McDowell (racing driver)", "text": "Michael Christopher McDowell (born December 21, 1984) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes full-time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 95 Chevrolet SS for Leavine Family Racing.", "hasan...	{ "title": "Michael McDowell (racing driver)", "long_answer": "Michael Christopher McDowell (born December 21, 1984) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes full-time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 95 Chevrolet SS for Leavine Family Racing.", "chunked_long_answer": "Michael Christopher McDowell (born December 21, 1984) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes full-time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 95 Chevrolet SS for Leavine Family Racing.", "short_answers": [ "Michael Christopher McDowell" ] }
i was a great islamic scholar and mathematician who died in 1131 ce	[ "Omar Khayyam" ]	[ { "title": "Omar Khayyam", "text": "Omar Khayyam (Persian pronunciation: [xæjˈjɑːm]; عمر خیّام (Persian); 18 May 1048 – 4 December 1131) was a Persian mathematician, astronomer, and poet.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null ...	{ "title": "Omar Khayyam", "long_answer": "Omar Khayyam (Persian pronunciation: [xæjˈjɑːm]; عمر خیّام (Persian); 18 May 1048 – 4 December 1131) was a Persian mathematician, astronomer, and poet.", "chunked_long_answer": "Omar Khayyam (Persian pronunciation: [xæjˈjɑːm]; عمر خیّام (Persian); 18 May 1048 – 4 December 1131) was a Persian mathematician, astronomer, and poet.", "short_answers": [ "Omar Khayyam" ] }
where does sleeping freshmen never lie take place	[ "J.P. Zenger High" ]	[ { "title": "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie", "text": "Scott Hudson enters J.P. Zenger High as a freshman, along with his three best friends, Mitch, Patrick, and Kyle, and quickly realizes that it is very different from middle school. Upperclassmen are intimidating and will steal any lunch money along with loo...	{ "title": "Sleeping Freshmen Never Lie", "long_answer": "Scott Hudson enters J.P. Zenger High as a freshman, along with his three best friends, Mitch, Patrick, and Kyle, and quickly realizes that it is very different from middle school. Upperclassmen are intimidating and will steal any lunch money along with loose change if you stand in the wrong place. Scott gets put in advanced classes, including an Honors English class which, despite the amount of homework, is his favorite class. His teacher, Mr. Franka, becomes a mentor to him. Scott finds out that he's not in classes with his friends since he's carrying all honors and college prep classes. He tries his best from the very start to get the attention of Julia Baskins, a girl who was in his kindergarten class and has recently become very beautiful over the summer. Because of her beauty she quickly blends in with the popular girls and is attracted to the football players who are often bullying Scott. Scott is also connected to another classmate named Louden, who is better known as Mouth. Scott tries every attempt to get Julia's attention such as joining the school paper, because he thinks that she is part of the staff, only to discover that she has written only a single column for the paper. He then runs for student council, after finding out that Julia is also running as well, and wins a seat, only to find out that she has not won. Because of this, Scott resigns from his position on the student council. It turns out that a lot of other members also resigned including the president meaning Julia who happened to have the 2nd most amount of votes is now president. He also auditions for the school play and is selected as a member of the crew, thinking that Julia is also auditioning for the play. However, Julia has not been selected as a member of the cast or crew. Soon, a new girl named Lee arrives at school, who wears face pins and weird clothes, and has wildly colored hair. Both soon realize that they share the same interests, but he can't get past his crush on Julia. Scott suddenly has another \"friend\" named Wesley, a high school senior. Though they share some interests, they have little in common. Then to put the cherry on top of all this excitement going on in his life, his mother announces that she is pregnant. He copes with all of this by creating a tip book for his soon-to-be baby sibling to help him, or her, survive high school when they get to it. In his entries to the baby, he often shows disdain by using degrading terms to talk to it such as \"Smelly\" or \"Blob of unformed goo\". But he writes it to be a good older brother to this new baby since Scott's own brother was never very present. As time goes by, Scott tries to find his place, but he starts to lose his best friends. Mitch finds a girlfriend and soon forgets the group, Patrick moves to Texas, then to Japan, and Kyle joins the wrestling team and soon puts Scott down for having a crush on Julia. Soon, Julia's boyfriend Vernon beats up Scott after finding out from Kyle (who lost a fight with Scott) that Scott has a crush on his girlfriend. Scott realizes that what a person says and does can affect the life of another after Mouth attempts to commit suicide. Later, he learns that not everything is what it seems once he finds out that his older brother, Bobby, who is struggling to find a job, can barely read. Scott's mother eventually gives birth to a new baby boy, whom they name Sean. Meanwhile, Bobby finds a job through guitar-playing and Julia eventually starts dating a nicer guy, though she is now close to Scott enough to give him a kiss on the cheek.", "chunked_long_answer": "Scott Hudson enters J.P. Zenger High as a freshman, along with his three best friends, Mitch, Patrick, and Kyle, and quickly realizes that it is very different from middle school. Upperclassmen are intimidating and will steal any lunch money along with loose change if you stand in the wrong place. Scott gets put in advanced classes, including an Honors English class which, despite the amount of homework, is his favorite class. His teacher, Mr. Franka, becomes a mentor to him. Scott finds out that he's not in classes with his friends since he's carrying all honors and college prep classes.", "short_answers": [ "J.P. Zenger High" ] }
where was the witch of blackbird pond published	[ "United States", "1958", "Houghton Mifflin" ]	[ { "title": "The Witch of Blackbird Pond", "text": "The Witch of Blackbird Pond is a children's novel by American author Elizabeth George Speare, published in 1958. The story takes place in late-17th century New England. It won the Newbery Medal in 1959.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id"...	{ "title": "The Witch of Blackbird Pond", "long_answer": "The Witch of Blackbird Pond is a children's novel by American author Elizabeth George Speare, published in 1958. The story takes place in late-17th century New England. It won the Newbery Medal in 1959.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Witch of Blackbird Pond is a children's novel by American author Elizabeth George Speare, published in 1958. The story takes place in late-17th century New England. It won the Newbery Medal in 1959.", "short_answers": [ "1958" ] }
when did the us cut off trade with cuba	[ "1961", "1962" ]	[ { "title": "Cuba–United States relations", "text": "Following the Cuban Revolution of 1959, bilateral relations deteriorated substantially. In 1961, the U.S. severed diplomatic ties with Cuba and began pursuing covert operations to topple the Communist regime. Moreover, the U.S. imposed and subsequently ti...	{ "title": "Cuba–United States relations", "long_answer": "Following the Cuban Revolution of 1959, bilateral relations deteriorated substantially. In 1961, the U.S. severed diplomatic ties with Cuba and began pursuing covert operations to topple the Communist regime. Moreover, the U.S. imposed and subsequently tightened a comprehensive set of restrictions and bans vis-à-vis the Cuban regime as retaliation for the nationalization of U.S. corporations' property by Cuba. Meanwhile, several organizations, including a nearly unanimous United Nations General Assembly, have called for \"an end to the United States' decades-long economic, commercial and financial embargo against Cuba.\"", "chunked_long_answer": "Following the Cuban Revolution of 1959, bilateral relations deteriorated substantially. In 1961, the U.S. severed diplomatic ties with Cuba and began pursuing covert operations to topple the Communist regime. Moreover, the U.S. imposed and subsequently tightened a comprehensive set of restrictions and bans vis-à-vis the Cuban regime as retaliation for the nationalization of U.S. corporations' property by Cuba. Meanwhile, several organizations, including a nearly unanimous United Nations General Assembly, have called for \"an end to the United States' decades-long economic, commercial and financial embargo against Cuba.\"", "short_answers": [ "1961" ] }