Split (1)

train · 18.6k rows

question stringlengths 29 100	answers list	ctxs list	nq_annotated_gold dict
how many counties does the state of georgia have	[ "159", "159 counties" ]	[ { "title": "History of Georgia (U.S. state)", "text": "Constitution on January 2, 1788. The original eight counties of Georgia were Burke, Camden, Chatham, Effingham, Glynn, Liberty, Richmond and Wilkes. Before these counties were created in 1777, Georgia had been divided into local government units called ...	{ "title": "List of counties in Georgia (U.S. state)", "long_answer": "The U.S. State of Georgia is divided into 159 counties, more than any other state except for Texas, which has 254 counties. Under the Georgia State Constitution, all of its counties are granted home rule to deal with problems that are purely loc...
who sang picking up pebbles and throwing them into the sea	[ "Matt Flinders" ]	[ { "title": "Singing sand", "text": "Wales; Indiana Dunes in Indiana; Barking Sands in Hawaiʻi; Mingsha Shan in Dunhuang, China; Kotogahama Beach in Odashi, Japan; Singing Beach in Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts; near Mesaieed in Qatar; and Gebel Naqous, near el-Tor, South Sinai, Egypt. The phenomena a...	{ "title": "Matt Flinders", "long_answer": "Matt Flinders (born Sylvan Louis Bonett c. 1937, Alexandria, Egypt) is a former singer and TV presenter who rose to prominence in the late 1960s in Australia. He had top 5 hit singles with his cover versions of \"Picking Up Pebbles\" (1969) and \"Butterfly\" (1971). He ho...
which is the ring finger for male in india	[ "the left ring finger", "left ring finger" ]	[ { "title": "Ring finger", "text": "Jewish grooms have adopted wearing a wedding ring. However, in Orthodox Judaism, most men do not wear wedding rings. Rings are not traditional in an Indian wedding. However, in modern society it is becoming a practice to wear rings for engagements and not for actual marria...	{ "title": "Ring finger", "long_answer": "Rings are not traditional in an Indian wedding. However, in modern society it is becoming a practice to wear rings for engagements and not for actual marriage. Though the left hand is considered inauspicious for religious activities, a ring (not to be called wedding ring) i...
who played king theoden in lord of the rings	[ "Bernard Hill" ]	[ { "title": "Bernard Hill", "text": "of Rohan in Peter Jackson's \"The Lord of the Rings\" film trilogy based on Tolkien's novel of the same name. Before casting him as King Théoden, director Peter Jackson considered Hill for the part of Gandalf. When he was due to leave the set at the end of production, Jac...	{ "title": "Bernard Hill", "long_answer": "Bernard Hill (born 17 December 1944) is an English film, stage and television actor. He is known for playing Yosser Hughes, the troubled 'hard man' whose life is falling apart in Alan Bleasdale's groundbreaking 1980s TV drama Boys from the Blackstuff and, more recently, as...
dark parables return of the salt princess release date	[ "September 2017" ]	[ { "title": "Dark Parables", "text": "was released on March 15, 2018 on the Big Fish Games site. In this game, Blue Tea's return to the series, the Detective must investigate the return of the Grak Kingdom's princess in Krakow, Poland. There has also been an odd case of things turning into salt, and the Dete...	{ "title": "Dark Parables", "long_answer": "The 14th game of this series.The BETA game was released in September 2017. This episode will be developed by Blue Tea Games who return to the series since 2014.", "chunked_long_answer": "The 14th game of this series. The BETA game was released in September 2017. This e...
where was the movie 500 days of summer filmed	[ "Los Angeles" ]	[ { "title": "500 Days of Summer", "text": "500 Days of Summer 500 Days of Summer (stylized as (500) Days of Summer) is a 2009 American romantic comedy-drama film by first time director Marc Webb from a screenplay written by Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber, and produced by Mark Waters. The film stars Jo...	{ "title": "500 Days of Summer", "long_answer": "David Ng of the Los Angeles Times describes architecture as a star of the film. Tom is seen reading Alain de Botton's The Architecture of Happiness. The film was originally set in San Francisco but was later moved to Los Angeles and the script rewritten to make bette...
who played emma in h2o just add water	[ "Claire Rhiannon Holt" ]	[ { "title": "H2O: Just Add Water", "text": "by singer Kate Alexa, was first released on 10 September 2007 in Australia on Liberation Records and has since been made available worldwide. Its lead track, \"No Ordinary Girl\", is the theme song for the show. \"No Ordinary Girl\" is performed by Ellie Henderson ...	{ "title": "Claire Holt", "long_answer": "Claire Rhiannon Holt (born 11 June 1988) is an Australian actress, known for her roles as Rebekah Mikaelson in the television series The Vampire Diaries and its spinoff series The Originals, Samara Cook in Pretty Little Liars, Emma in H2O: Just Add Water, and Kate in the su...
where can carbon be found in the biosphere	[ "other living organisms", "The terrestrial biosphere", "plants", "soil" ]	[ { "title": "Carbon cycle", "text": "the sedimentation and burial of terrestrial organisms under high heat and pressure. Organic carbon stored in the geosphere can remain there for millions of years. Carbon can leave the geosphere in several ways. Carbon dioxide is released during the metamorphosis of carbon...	{ "title": "Carbon cycle", "long_answer": "The terrestrial biosphere includes the organic carbon in all land-living organisms, both alive and dead, as well as carbon stored in soils. About 500 gigatons of carbon are stored above ground in plants and other living organisms, while soil holds approximately 1,500 gigat...
who is the winner of bigg boss kannada season	[ "Chandan Shetty", "rapper Chandan Shetty" ]	[ { "title": "Bigg Boss Kannada (season 2)", "text": "Akul Balaji is a leading host of Kannada reality shows, \"Thaka Dhimi Tha Dancing Star\" (2014) being the most recent. Akul Balaji currently the winner of Bigg Boss Kannada Season 2.He also shot to fame for co-hosting the hit Kannada reality show \"Pyate H...	{ "title": "Bigg Boss Kannada 5", "long_answer": "Bigg Boss Kannada 5 (BBK5) was the fifth season of the Kannada television series Bigg Boss Kannada, that premiered on 15 October 2017. Sudeep reprised his role as the host of the show. The finale of the season took place 28 January 2018, and rapper Chandan Shetty wa...
where was the outlaw of josey wales filmed	[ "Kanab, Utah", "Lake Powell", "Wyoming", "Utah", "Oroville, California", "Arizona" ]	[ { "title": "The Outlaw Josey Wales", "text": "The Outlaw Josey Wales The Outlaw Josey Wales is a 1976 American revisionist Western DeLuxe Color and Panavision film set during and after the American Civil War. It was directed by and starred Clint Eastwood (as the eponymous Josey Wales), with Chief Dan George...	{ "title": "The Outlaw Josey Wales", "long_answer": "Principal photography began on October 6, 1975 in Lake Powell. A rift between Eastwood and Kaufman developed during the filming. Kaufman insisted on filming with a meticulous attention to detail, which caused disagreements with Eastwood, not to mention the attrac...
where does the saskatchewan river start and end	[ "central Saskatchewan", "the Hudson Bay", "Saskatchewan River Forks, Saskatchewan", "Saskatchewan Glacier, Alberta" ]	[ { "title": "North Saskatchewan River", "text": ". The yearly discharge at the Alberta–Saskatchewan border is more than . The river begins above at the toe of the Saskatchewan Glacier in the Columbia Icefield, and flows southeast through Banff National Park alongside the Icefields Parkway. At the junction of...	{ "title": "North Saskatchewan River", "long_answer": "The North Saskatchewan River is a glacier-fed river that flows from the Canadian Rockies continental divide east to central Saskatchewan, where it joins with another major river to make up the Saskatchewan River. Its water flows eventually into the Hudson Bay."...
where are the spanish steps located in italy	[ "Rome" ]	[ { "title": "Spanish Steps", "text": "fleur-de-lys and Innocent XIII's eagle and crown are carefully balanced in the sculptural details. The solution is a gigantic inflation of some conventions of terraced garden stairs. The Spanish Steps, which Joseph de Lalande and Charles de Brosses noted were already in ...	{ "title": "Spanish Steps", "long_answer": "The Spanish Steps (Italian: Scalinata di Trinità dei Monti) are a set of steps in Rome, Italy, climbing a steep slope between the Piazza di Spagna at the base and Piazza Trinità dei Monti, dominated by the Trinità dei Monti church at the top.", "chunked_long_answer": "T...
what does the m number mean on a pint glass	[ "imperial fluid ounces", "the manufacturing company or site" ]	[ { "title": "Pint glass", "text": "glass holds 16 oz. to its rim. With a half inch of foam, the actual liquid fill is roughly 14 oz. Recently (as of 2008), some restaurants have replaced 16-ounce pint glasses (473 mL) with 14 ouncers (415 mL) to which customers have objected. In response to this, legislation...	{ "title": "Pint glass", "long_answer": "In the United Kingdom, draught beer must be sold in Imperial measure (see Pint § Effects of metrication). United Kingdom law requires certain steps be taken to ensure that a pint of beer is indeed a pint. Though this can be achieved using \"metered dispense\" (calibrated pum...
other than water what else has hydrogen bonds	[ "inorganic molecules such as water" ]	[ { "title": "Non-covalent interactions", "text": "said hydrogen atom). It is not a covalent bond, but instead is classified as a strong non-covalent interaction. It is responsible for why water is a liquid at room temperature and not a gas (given water's low molecular weight). Most commonly, the strength of ...	{ "title": "Hydrogen bond", "long_answer": "Hydrogen bonds can occur between molecules (intermolecular) or within different parts of a single molecule (intramolecular). Depending on the nature of the donor and acceptor atoms which constitute the bond, their geometry, and environment, the energy of a hydrogen bond c...
when boy meets girl waiting for a star to fall	[ "1988" ]	[ { "title": "Boy Meets Girl (band)", "text": "to Fall.\" With this selection, after years of writing and composing songs for other artists, the duo earned mainstream success in their own right. In the United States, \"Waiting for a Star to Fall\" peaked at number 5 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and at number ...	{ "title": "Waiting for a Star to Fall", "long_answer": "\"Waiting for a Star to Fall\" is a song released by the pop duo Boy Meets Girl in 1988. It was a worldwide hit and became their signature song.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"Waiting for a Star to Fall\" is a song released by the pop duo Boy Meets Girl in 198...
trick taking card game name derived from spanish for man	[ "Skat" ]	[ { "title": "Mus (card game)", "text": "in order to make them overconfident and thus catch subsequent signals. In Spain, some arrangements have particular names: Some of the content of this article is translated from the equivalent . Mus (card game) Mus is a card game widely played in Spain and France, and t...	{ "title": "Skat (card game)", "long_answer": "Skat (German pronunciation: [ˈskaːt]) is a 3-player trick-taking card game devised in early 19th-century Germany. Along with Doppelkopf it is the most popular card game in Germany and Silesia.", "chunked_long_answer": "Skat (German pronunciation: [ˈskaːt]) is a 3-pla...
what percentage of the population is naturally blonde	[ "2%" ]	[ { "title": "Blond", "text": "many children's blond hair turns light, medium, dark brown or black before or during their adult years. Because blond hair tends to turn brunette with age, natural blond hair is rare in adulthood; according to the sociologist Christie Davies, only around five percent of adults i...	{ "title": "Human hair color", "long_answer": "Blond hair can have almost any proportion of pheomelanin and eumelanin, but has only small amounts of both. More pheomelanin creates a more golden or strawberry blond color, and more eumelanin creates an ash or sandy blond color. Many children born with blond hair deve...
who sang first line of we are the world	[ "Lionel Richie", "Kenny Rogers", "James Ingram", "Billy Joel", "Tina Turner", "Stevie Wonder", "Paul Simon" ]	[ { "title": "Live Aid", "text": "poll of more than 60 artists, journalists and music industry executives. Queen's lead singer Freddie Mercury at times led the crowd in unison refrains, and his sustained note during the a cappella section came to be known as \"The Note Heard Round the World\". The band's six ...	{ "title": "We Are the World", "long_answer": "\"We Are the World\" is sung from a first person viewpoint, allowing the audience to \"internalize\" the message by singing the word we together. It has been described as \"an appeal to human compassion\". The first lines in the song's repetitive chorus proclaim, \"We ...
who formed and first came to the colony of maryland	[ "the English" ]	[ { "title": "Colonial families of Maryland", "text": "Colonial families of Maryland The Colonial families of Maryland were the leading families in the Province of Maryland. Several also had interests in the Colony of Virginia, and the two are sometimes referred to as the Chesapeake Colonies. Many of the earl...	{ "title": "History of Maryland", "long_answer": "The recorded history of Maryland dates back to when Europeans began exploring the area, starting with the Italian/Venetian John Cabot (c. 1450 – c. 1500), exploring the coast of the continent of North America for England in 1498. The first European settlements were ...
who has played in the most masters tournaments	[ "Gary Player" ]	[ { "title": "Masters Tournament", "text": "Masters began presenting an award, known as the Silver Cup, to the lowest-scoring amateur to make the cut. In 1954 they began presenting an amateur silver medal to the low amateur runner-up. There have been six players to win low amateur and then go on to win the Ma...	{ "title": "Masters Tournament", "long_answer": "Gary Player holds the record for most appearances, with 52. Player also holds the record for the number of consecutive cuts made, with 23 between 1959 and 1982 (Player did not compete in 1973 as he was recovering from recent surgery). He shares this record with Fred ...
how much venom can a king cobra produce	[ "420 mg", "up to 7 ml", "200 to 500 mg" ]	[ { "title": "King cobra", "text": "it has two short, fixed fangs in the front of the mouth, which channel venom into the prey like hypodermic needles. The average lifespan of a wild king cobra is about 20 years. King cobras are sexually dimorphic in size, with males reaching larger sizes than females, which ...	{ "title": "King cobra", "long_answer": "This species is capable of delivering a fatal bite and the victim may receive a large quantity of venom with a dose of 200 to 500 mg up to 7 ml. Engelmann and Obst (1981) list the average venom yield at 420 mg (dry weight). Accordingly, large quantities of antivenom may be ...
last team to win fa cup outside top flight	[ "Arsenal", "West Ham United" ]	[ { "title": "1931 FA Cup Final", "text": "the following Saturday confirmed the club's promotion to the First Division. The \"double\" of winning the FA Cup and promotion in the same season has not been achieved before or since. This would be the last time the FA Cup was won by a team from outside the top fli...	{ "title": "FA Cup", "long_answer": "Since the creation of the Football League in 1888, the final has never been contested by two teams from outside the top division, and there have only been eight winners who were not in the top flight: Notts County (1894); Tottenham Hotspur (1901); Wolverhampton Wanderers (1908);...
where did you go to drink during prohibition	[ "Speakeasies" ]	[ { "title": "Tavern", "text": "to pay off the police to look the other way. The result was an overall decrease in drinking and an enormous increase in organized crime, gang warfare and civic corruption, as well as a decline in tax revenue. Prohibition was repealed in 1933 and legitimate places reopened. See ...	{ "title": "Prohibition in the United States", "long_answer": "Prohibition also had an effect on the music industry in the United States, specifically with jazz. Speakeasies became very popular, and the Great Depression's migratory effects led to the dispersal of jazz music, from New Orleans going north through Chi...
who won the wwe championship elimination chamber 2018	[ "Roman Reigns" ]	[ { "title": "Elimination Chamber (2018)", "text": "the Raw brand. Storylines were produced on WWE's weekly television show \"Monday Night Raw\". The card was highlighted by two Elimination Chamber matches, one of which was the first to involve women, and the men's chamber match was the first to have seven pa...	{ "title": "Elimination Chamber (2018)", "long_answer": "Six matches were contested at the event, including one on the pre-show. In the main event, Roman Reigns won the first-ever seven-man Elimination Chamber match to become the number one contender against Brock Lesnar for the Universal Championship at WrestleMan...
where does safe haven take place in the book	[ "Southport, North Carolina" ]	[ { "title": "Safe Haven (novel)", "text": "caring for Alex's children. Kevin sets the house on fire, thinking it would kill both Katie and Alex. She fights Kevin, and the children escape. Alex, arriving home, finds his children and takes them to Katie's house where he thinks they will be safe. He returns to ...	{ "title": "Safe Haven (novel)", "long_answer": "Erin flees her abusive alcoholic husband, Kevin, takes on a different identity and changes her name to Katie. She arrives in Southport, North Carolina. Finding work at a seafood restaurant, she becomes friends with her neighbor, Jo, and gets to know the town's genera...
who came up with the term baby boomer	[ "The Washington Post" ]	[ { "title": "Baby boomers", "text": "for \"generational ownership\" has motivated a handful of marketing mavens and cultural commentators to coin and/or promote their own terms for sub‑segments of the baby-boomer generation. These monikers include, but are not limited to, \"golden boomers,\" \"generation Jon...	{ "title": "Baby boomers", "long_answer": "The phrase baby boom refers to a noticeable increase in the birth rate. The post-war population increase was described as a \"boom\" by various newspaper reporters, including Sylvia F. Porter in a column for the May 4, 1951, edition of the New York Post, based on the incre...
who was elected president of the united states in 1928	[ "Herbert Hoover" ]	[ { "title": "Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps", "text": "publisher at the \"Marion Daily Star\". He served in the Ohio Senate (1899–1903) and later as the 28th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio (1903–1905) and as a U.S. Senator (1915–1921). John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. (July 4, 1872 – January 5,...	{ "title": "United States presidential election, 1928", "long_answer": "The United States presidential election of 1928 was the 36th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 6, 1928. Republican Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover defeated the Democratic nominee, Governor Al Smith of New York. H...
dogs name in the grinch who stole christmas	[ "Max" ]	[ { "title": "A Dog Named Christmas", "text": "A Dog Named Christmas A Dog Named Christmas is a 2009 American/Canadian television film that debuted on CBS as a \"Hallmark Hall of Fame\" movie on November 29, 2009. The film was produced by Brent Shields, directed by Peter Werner and written by Jenny Wingfield,...	{ "title": "How the Grinch Stole Christmas!", "long_answer": "The Grinch is a bitter, grouchy, cave-dwelling creature with a heart \"two sizes too small\" who is living as a hermit on the snowy Mount Crumpit, a steep high mountain just north of the town of Whoville, home of the merry and warm-hearted Whos. His only...
who discovered gold in the sierra nevada of california	[ "James W. Marshall" ]	[ { "title": "Sierra City, California", "text": "gold was discovered in California (1849). Numerous hard-rock gold mines were developed on both sides of the North Yuba River Canyon near Sierra City. These include the Colombo Mine, the Independence Mine, the Keystone Mine, the Monumental Mine, the Great Sierra...	{ "title": "California Gold Rush", "long_answer": "The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought some 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. The sudden inf...
who wrote lyrics for phantom of the opera	[ "Charles Hart", "Charles Hart and Richard Stilgoe", "Richard Stilgoe" ]	[ { "title": "Mike Batt", "text": "Feel Like Buddy Holly\" (for Alvin Stardust). In the same year, he helped write lyrics for Abbacadabra. In 1983, he wrote and produced \"Ballerina (Prima Donna)\", which, recorded by Steve Harley, peaked at no. 51 in the UK. He co-wrote with Andrew Lloyd Webber the title son...	{ "title": "The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)", "long_answer": "The Phantom of the Opera is a musical with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Charles Hart and Richard Stilgoe. Lloyd Webber and Stilgoe also wrote the musical's book together. Based on the French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Ler...
what culture region is germany a part of	[ "Central Germany" ]	[ { "title": "Culture of Germany", "text": "visited destinations were Spain, Italy and Austria. Culture of Germany German culture has spanned the entire German-speaking world. From its roots, culture in Germany has been shaped by major intellectual and popular currents in Europe, both religious and secular. H...	{ "title": "Central Germany (cultural area)", "long_answer": "Central Germany (German: Mitteldeutschland) is an economic and cultural region in Germany. Its exact borders depend on context, but it is often defined as being a region within the federal states of Saxony, Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt, or a smaller part ...
mount and blade with fire and sword time period	[ "1648-51" ]	[ { "title": "Mount & Blade: With Fire & Sword", "text": "with similar controls in regards to melee and archery. Like its predecessors, \"With Fire and Sword\" is an action role-playing game. This installment allows the player to fight for one of five factions in an effort to control Eastern Europe, however o...	{ "title": "Mount & Blade: With Fire & Sword", "long_answer": "Mount & Blade: With Fire & Sword is a stand-alone expansion for the action role-playing video game Mount & Blade. The game is developed by Sich Studio and TaleWorlds and was published by Paradox Interactive in Europe. The game and its storyline is loose...
who pays medical bills in great britain where does the money come from to pay these bills	[ "general taxation", "taxes" ]	[ { "title": "National Health Service", "text": "to pay in advance or to sign a written undertaking to pay, except for emergency treatment. People from outside the EEA coming to the UK for a temporary stay of more than six months are required to pay an immigration health surcharge at the time of visa applicat...	{ "title": "Single-payer healthcare", "long_answer": "As in Scandinavia, healthcare in the United Kingdom is a devolved matter, meaning England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales each have their own systems of private and publicly funded healthcare, generally referred to as the National Health Service (NHS). Wit...
who plays poppy in the beat goes on	[ "Amanda Leighton" ]	[ { "title": "Poppy (entertainer)", "text": "\"Tiger Beat\" her musical inspirations are Cyndi Lauper, unicorns and Elvis Presley. She is a fan of Jimmy Eat World, No Doubt and Blondie. Poppy's identity was initially kept guarded. She explained, \"I don't want people to talk about how old I am; I want them to...	{ "title": "Trolls: The Beat Goes On!", "long_answer": "Trolls: The Beat Goes On! is a 2018 American animated television series produced by DreamWorks Animation that is based on the 3D computer-animated musical romantic comedy film Trolls. The series premiered on Netflix on January 19, 2018 exclusively in the Unite...
do you have to have a gun permit to shoot at a range	[ "Typically, no" ]	[ { "title": "Shooting ranges in Switzerland", "text": "at a private store, ammunition purchased at a shooting range is not. No permit is needed for an individual to transport a unloaded firearm to or from a shooting range, to or from an arms dealer, to or from an armory or to or from a private weapon purchas...	{ "title": "Shooting ranges in the United States", "long_answer": "Typically, no license or advanced training beyond just firearm familiarization (for rentals) and range rules familiarization is usually required for using a shooting range in the United States; the only common requirement is that the shooter must be...
how many episodes is season 4 of the flash	[ "23 episodes", "19", "23" ]	[ { "title": "The Flash (season 5)", "text": "The Flash (season 5) The fifth season of the American television series \"The Flash\", which is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash, premiered on The CW on October 9, 2018 and is set to consist of 22 episodes. The season follows Barry, a crime sce...	{ "title": "The Flash (season 4)", "long_answer": "The fourth season began airing on October 10, 2017, and is set to run for 23 episodes on The CW until May 22, 2018.", "chunked_long_answer": "The fourth season began airing on October 10, 2017, and is set to run for 23 episodes on The CW until May 22, 2018.", "...
where was the 2015 rugby union world cup held	[ "England", "Wales" ]	[ { "title": "2015 World Rugby Nations Cup", "text": "Romania won the tournament, for the first time since 2013, with three from three victories. The fixtures were announced on 1 May 2015. 2015 World Rugby Nations Cup The 2015 World Rugby Nations Cup was the tenth edition of the international rugby union tour...	{ "title": "2015 Rugby World Cup", "long_answer": "The 2015 Rugby World Cup was the eighth Rugby World Cup, the quadrennial rugby union world championship. The tournament was hosted by England from 18 September to 31 October. Of the 20 countries competing in the World Cup in 2011, there was only one change: Uruguay...
in 1945 which party came into power in england	[ "Labour Party", "Conservative", "Labour" ]	[ { "title": "The British Party System", "text": "The British Party System The British Party System (1944) is a \"playlet\" by George Bernard Shaw satirically analysing the origins of the party system in British politics in the form of a pair of conversations between scheming power-brokers at various points i...	{ "title": "United Kingdom general election, 1945", "long_answer": "The result was an unexpected landslide victory for Clement Attlee's Labour Party, over Winston Churchill's Conservatives. It was the first time the Conservatives had lost the popular vote since the 1906 election; they would not win it again until 1...
where does porter fly out of in toronto	[ "Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport" ]	[ { "title": "Robert Deluce", "text": "of Toronto and Deluce then sued the City and the Canadian federal government, eventually settling out of court. Despite this, Deluce and the TPA continued to pursue the regional airline expansion plan. Regco purchased the terminal building at the airport being used by Ai...	{ "title": "Porter Airlines", "long_answer": "Porter Airlines is a regional airline headquartered at Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport on the Toronto Islands in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Owned by Porter Aviation Holdings, formerly known as REGCO Holdings Inc., Porter operates regularly scheduled flights between Tor...
how many votes to approve supreme court justice	[ "A simple majority vote", "A simple majority" ]	[ { "title": "Samuel Alito Supreme Court nomination", "text": "senators didn't vote, including Democrat Tom Harkin and Republican John Ensign, who had been injured in a car accident earlier that day. All of the members of the Gang of Fourteen voted for cloture with the majority. The Senate voted 58–42 on Tues...	{ "title": "Appointment and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States", "long_answer": "Once the Committee reports out the nomination, the whole Senate considers it. A simple majority vote is required to confirm or to reject a nominee. Prior to 2017, a successful filibuster threat could add the require...
how many senators are there in the us senate	[ "100", "100 members" ]	[ { "title": "Women in the United States Senate", "text": "of female Senators increased to 23, with 17 being Democrats and 6 being Republicans. Currently, four states (California, Minnesota, New Hampshire and Washington) are represented by 2 women to the U.S. Senate. In the 116th Congress, both U.S. Senators ...	{ "title": "Current members of the United States Senate", "long_answer": "The United States Senate consists of 100 members, two from each of the 50 states. Below is a list of the current U.S. Senators, sitting in the 115th United States Congress.", "chunked_long_answer": "The United States Senate consists of 100 ...
phase change from gas to solid is called	[ "Deposition", "desublimation" ]	[ { "title": "Phase transition", "text": "Phase transition The term phase transition (or phase change) is most commonly used to describe transitions between solid, liquid, and gaseous states of matter, as well as plasma in rare cases. A phase of a thermodynamic system and the states of matter have uniform phy...	{ "title": "Deposition (phase transition)", "long_answer": "Deposition is a thermodynamic process, a phase transition in which gas transforms into solid without passing through the liquid phase. The reverse of deposition is sublimation and hence sometimes deposition is called desublimation.", "chunked_long_answer...
what is the longest english word in the dictionary	[ "Methionylglutaminylarginyltyrosylglutamyl...serine", "pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis", "Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis" ]	[ { "title": "Longest word in English", "text": "original meaning. The longest word in that dictionary is \"electroencephalographically\" (27 letters). The longest non-technical word in major dictionaries is \"floccinaucinihilipilification\" at 29 letters. Consisting of a series of Latin words meaning \"nothi...	{ "title": "Longest word in English", "long_answer": "The longest word in any of the major English language dictionaries is pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis, a word that refers to a lung disease contracted from the inhalation of very fine silica particles, specifically from a volcano; medically, it is ...
who has the most all star mvp awards	[ "Bob Pettit", "Kobe Bryant" ]	[ { "title": "Major League Baseball All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award", "text": "2014 and 2015. Alex Bregman of the Houston Astros is the most recent MLB All-Star Game MVP, winning the award in 2018. Only six players have won the MVP award in the only All-Star Game in which they appeared; LaMarr Hoyt, ...	{ "title": "NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award", "long_answer": "Bob Pettit and Kobe Bryant are the only two players to win the All-Star Game MVP four times. Oscar Robertson, Michael Jordan, Shaquille O'Neal, and LeBron James have each won the award three times, while Bob Cousy, Julius Erving, Isiah Thoma...
what percentage of the earth's surface is water	[ "78%", "roughly 78%" ]	[ { "title": "Earth", "text": "and subject to soil formation processes. The total arable land is 10.9% of the land surface, with 1.3% being permanent cropland. Close to 40% of Earth's land surface is used for agriculture, or an estimated of cropland and of pastureland. The abundance of water on Earth's surfac...	{ "title": "Water distribution on Earth", "long_answer": "Water is distributed across earth. Most water in the Earth's atmosphere and crust comes from the world ocean's saline seawater, while freshwater accounts for only 2.5% of the total. Because the oceans that cover roughly 78% of the area of the Earth reflect b...
what is the definition of ph in water	[ "potential of hydrogen" ]	[ { "title": "PH", "text": "pH measurements. The concentration of hydroxide ions in water is related to the concentration of hydrogen ions by where \"K\" is the self-ionisation constant of water. Taking logarithms So, at room temperature, pOH ≈ 14 − pH. However this relationship is not strictly valid in other...	{ "title": "pH", "long_answer": "In chemistry, pH (/piːˈ(h)eɪtʃ/) (potential of hydrogen) is a numeric scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is approximately the negative of the base 10 logarithm of the molar concentration, measured in units of moles per liter, of hydrogen ions. M...
where do the neutrons come from in nuclear fission	[ "Startup neutron source" ]	[ { "title": "Uranium-238", "text": "come from the fission of Pu, which is not supplied as a fuel to the reactor, but rather, produced from U. U is not usable directly as nuclear fuel, though it can produce energy via \"fast\" fission. In this process, a neutron that has a kinetic energy in excess of 1 MeV ca...	{ "title": "Startup neutron source", "long_answer": "Startup neutron source is a neutron source used for stable and reliable initiation of nuclear chain reaction in nuclear reactors, when they are loaded with fresh nuclear fuel, whose neutron flux from spontaneous fission is insufficient for a reliable startup, or ...
who sang the theme song to that 70s show	[ "Big Star", "Todd Griffin", "Cheap Trick" ]	[ { "title": "That '70s Show", "text": "5.1 DTS-HD Master Audio surround sound and 1.78:1 widescreen aspect ratio. Several prominent songs from the decade can be heard on the series, and two soundtracks were released in 1999. The first is a collection of funk, soul, and disco, called \"That '70s Album (Jammin...	{ "title": "That '70s Show", "long_answer": "Big Star's original version of the song was not used on the show. Instead, a cover version sung by Todd Griffin was used as the theme song for the show's first season. Beginning in the second season, the theme song was performed by the band Cheap Trick. Unlike previous v...
when was zero first used in mathematical operations	[ "By 1770 BC", "7th century" ]	[ { "title": "0", "text": "a symbol. When division produced zero as a remainder, \"nihil\", also meaning \"nothing\", was used. These medieval zeros were used by all future medieval calculators of Easter. The initial \"N\" was used as a zero symbol in a table of Roman numerals by Bede or his colleagues around...	{ "title": "0", "long_answer": "The rules governing the use of zero appeared for the first time in Brahmagupta's Brahmasputha Siddhanta (7th century). This work considers not only zero, but negative numbers, and the algebraic rules for the elementary operations of arithmetic with such numbers. In some instances, hi...
what was one reason south carolina gave for its decision to secede from the union	[ "to preserve slavery" ]	[ { "title": "Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union", "text": "uphold the Fugitive Slave Act, South Carolina states the primary reason for its secession: The final section concludes with a statement that South Carolina had therefore...	{ "title": "South Carolina in the American Civil War", "long_answer": "Alfred P. Aldrich, a South Carolinian politician from Barnwell, stated that declaring secession would be necessary if a Republican candidate were to win the 1860 U.S. presidential election, stating that it was the only way for the state to prese...
who laid the foundation of school of possibilism	[ "Strabo", "Marshall Sahlins" ]	[ { "title": "Catholic probabilism", "text": "Conradus, and Thomas Cajetan. Consequently, Probabiliorism had already gained a strong hold on theologians when Medina arrived on the scene. Bartholomew Medina, a Dominican, was the first to expound the moral system which is known as probabilism. In his \"Expositi...	{ "title": "Possibilism (geography)", "long_answer": "Possibilism in cultural geography is the theory that the environment sets certain constraints or limitations, but culture is otherwise determined by social conditions.\nIn Cultural ecology Marshall Sahlins used this concept in order to develop alternative approa...
how much for a passport in the philippines	[ "$60 abroad", "₱950" ]	[ { "title": "Philippine passport", "text": "for Metro Manila (DFA Consular Affairs office, ASEANA, Parañaque, Alabang Town Center, SM Megamall, and Robinsons Galleria), Pampanga (Marquee Mall, Angeles and DFA Pampanga regional office), DFA Lucena regional office, and Robinsons Lipa, and 15 to 20 days in othe...	{ "title": "Philippine passport", "long_answer": "The new biometric Philippine passport costs 950 pesos (approximately $18) in the Philippines or $60 abroad. Overtime processing for new passports costs an additional 250 pesos. Persons who take advantage of overtime processing get their passports within seven days f...
who sang let me tell you about the birds and the bees	[ "Jewel Akens" ]	[ { "title": "The Birds and the Bees (Jewel Akens song)", "text": "of the song's non-English renderings are independent of the English original, the title translating as \"On the sand there was you\". Also in 1965, Drafi Deutscher () & His Magics recorded a German rendering of \"The Birds and the Bees\" entit...	{ "title": "The Birds and the Bees (Jewel Akens song)", "long_answer": "\"The Birds and the Bees\" was a 1964 single release by Jewel Akens with a lyric based on the \"birds and the bees\" idiom commonly referenced with regard to affording young people their introductory sex education. An international hit in 1965,...
who has more super bowl wins nfc or afc	[ "NFC", "NFC/NFL" ]	[ { "title": "Super Bowl XLVI", "text": "led the team in combined tackles with 96. The Giants joined the 2008 Arizona Cardinals and 1979 Los Angeles Rams as the only other team to advance to the Super Bowl with fewer than ten victories since the NFL expanded to a 16-game season in 1978, and the only one of th...	{ "title": "List of Super Bowl champions", "long_answer": "Before the 1970 merger between the American Football League (AFL) and the National Football League (NFL), the two leagues met in four such contests. The first two were known as the \"AFL–NFL World Championship Game\". Super Bowl III in January 1969 was the ...
nuclear power plant that blew up in russia	[ "Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant", "Chernobyl", "the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant" ]	[ { "title": "Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant", "text": "the Russian Federal Atomic Energy Agency (Rosatom) Sergei Kiriyenko, AEOI Director Fereydoun Abbasi, Iranian Energy Minister Majid Namjou and a number of Iranian MPs. Under the terms of Russia–Iran agreement, approved by the International Atomic Energy Agen...	{ "title": "Chernobyl disaster", "long_answer": "The Chernobyl disaster, also referred to as the Chernobyl accident, was a catastrophic nuclear accident. It occurred on 25–26 April 1986 in the No.4 light water graphite moderated reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant near the now-abandoned town of Pripyat, in...
who is stephanie's mom on the bold and the beautiful	[ "Ridge Forrester", "Taylor Hayes", "Hunter Tylo" ]	[ { "title": "Stephanie Forrester (The Bold and the Beautiful)", "text": "asking Brooke to sing her to sleep in her arms. Stephanie Forrester (The Bold and the Beautiful) Stephanie Forrester (nee Douglas) is a fictional character on the American soap opera, \"The Bold and the Beautiful\". Stephanie is known f...	{ "title": "Steffy Forrester", "long_answer": "Steffy Forrester is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful. Introduced by Bradley Bell, she is currently portrayed by Jacqueline MacInnes Wood. Steffy and her twin sister Phoebe (MacKenzie Mauzy) were born onscreen as the daug...
what tectonic setting is responsible for the folded mountains of pennsylvania and the high himalaya	[ "a convergent plate boundary" ]	[ { "title": "Geology of the Himalaya", "text": "Geology of the Himalaya The geology of the Himalaya is a record of the most dramatic and visible creations of modern plate tectonic forces. The Himalayas, which stretch over 2400 km between the Namche Barwa syntaxis in Tibet and the Nanga Parbat syntaxis in Ind...	{ "title": "Fold mountains", "long_answer": "Fold mountains form when two tectonic plates move towards each other at a convergent plate boundary. Fold mountains form from sedimentary rocks that accumulate along the margins of continents. When plates and the continents riding on them collide, the accumulated layers ...
who is the girl in the stone sour video say you'll haunt me	[ "Joanna Moskawa" ]	[ { "title": "Say You'll Haunt Me", "text": "Say You'll Haunt Me \"Say You'll Haunt Me\" is the second single from rock band Stone Sour's third album \"Audio Secrecy\" which was released on September 7, 2010 via Roadrunner Records. The song was released to the public on July 6, 2010. The song has received rad...	{ "title": "Say You'll Haunt Me", "long_answer": "The video begins with a car (1972 Plymouth Barracuda) pulling into a creepy alleyway with Corey Taylor being pulled out of the trunk by his bandmates. He is then lead upstairs to be strapped into a chair and interrogated by a woman (Joanna Moskawa) who seems to have...
what kind of bird is in the lion king	[ "red-billed hornbill", "a red-billed hornbill" ]	[ { "title": "The Lion King (musical)", "text": "The Lion King (musical) The Lion King is a musical based on the 1994 Walt Disney Animation Studios' animated feature film of the same name with music by Elton John, lyrics by Tim Rice, and book by Roger Allers and Irene Mecchi, along with additional music and l...	{ "title": "List of The Lion King characters", "long_answer": "Zazu (voiced by Rowan Atkinson in The Lion King, Edward Hibbert in Timon & Pumbaa, The Lion King II: Simba's Pride, and The Lion King 1½, and Jeff Bennett in The Lion Guard) is a red-billed hornbill and majordomo to Mufasa and later Simba. After Mufasa'...
when did the red guards start and end	[ "1966 and 1967", "in 1966 and 1967" ]	[ { "title": "Red Guards", "text": "from 7am to 5pm daily\" which would encourage them to dwell on past \"mistakes\". An official report in October 1966 reported that the Red Guards had already arrested 22,000 'counterrevolutionaries'. The Red Guards were also tasked with rooting out 'capitalist roaders' (tho...	{ "title": "Red Guards", "long_answer": "Red Guards (simplified Chinese: 红卫兵; traditional Chinese: 紅衛兵; pinyin: Hóng Wèibīng) were a student mass paramilitary social movement mobilized by Mao Zedong in 1966 and 1967, during the Cultural Revolution. According to a Red Guard leader, the movement's aims were as follow...
what type of database is library literature and information science	[ "bibliographic database", "bibliographic" ]	[ { "title": "Library and information science", "text": "epistemological criteria of what constitutes knowledge. Among other approaches, Evidence Based Library and Information Practice should also be mentioned. Some core journals in LIS are: Important bibliographical databases in LIS are, among others, Social...	{ "title": "Library Literature and Information Science", "long_answer": "Library Literature and Information Science is a bibliographic database that indexes over 410 library and information science periodicals published internationally. It also covers books, chapters within books, library school theses, and pamphle...
who sang the theme song from russia with love	[ "Matt Monro" ]	[ { "title": "From Russia with Love (soundtrack)", "text": "<nowiki>*</nowiki> Not heard in the film From Russia with Love (soundtrack) From Russia with Love is the soundtrack for the second James Bond film of the same name. This is the first series film with John Barry as the primary soundtrack composer. Joh...	{ "title": "From Russia with Love (soundtrack)", "long_answer": "John Barry, arranger of Monty Norman's \"James Bond Theme\" for Dr. No, would be the dominant Bond series composer for most of its history and the inspiration for fellow series composer, David Arnold (who uses cues from this soundtrack in his own for ...
who established the idea that microorganisms play a role in disease	[ "Robert Koch", "Agostino Bassi" ]	[ { "title": "Microorganism", "text": "of microbes with wildly different physiologies. Winogradsky was the first to develop the concept of chemolithotrophy and to thereby reveal the essential role played by microorganisms in geochemical processes. He was responsible for the first isolation and description of ...	{ "title": "Germ theory of disease", "long_answer": "The Italian Agostino Bassi was the first person to prove that a disease was caused by a microorganism when he conducted a series of experiments between 1808 and 1813, demonstrating that a \"vegetable parasite\" caused a disease in silkworms known as calcinaccio—t...
where did this case of product tampering occur	[ "the Chicago metropolitan area" ]	[ { "title": "Tampering (crime)", "text": "manufacturer, and in many cases no contamination to a product ever takes place. Fraud is sometimes handled as a matter of civil law, but actual modification of products is almost always a matter of criminal law. Seven people died in this incident in the United States...	{ "title": "Chicago Tylenol murders", "long_answer": "The Chicago Tylenol murders were a series of poisoning deaths resulting from drug tampering in the Chicago metropolitan area in 1982. The victims had all taken Tylenol-branded acetaminophen capsules that had been laced with potassium cyanide. A total of seven pe...
how many us states are commonwealths and which states are they	[ "Kentucky", "Pennsylvania", "Massachusetts", "Virginia" ]	[ { "title": "Commonwealth", "text": "coast of North America prior to the formation of the United States of America in 1776. As such, they share a strong influence of English common law in some of their laws and institutions. The four are: Two organized but unincorporated U.S. territories are called commonwea...	{ "title": "Commonwealth (U.S. state)", "long_answer": "Commonwealth is a designation used by four of the 50 states of the United States in their full official state names: Kentucky (the law creating Kentucky names it the \"State of Kentucky\" but it was originally part of the land grant of the Colony of Virginia),...
how many paintings of sunflowers did van gogh paint	[ "two" ]	[ { "title": "Sunflowers (Van Gogh series)", "text": "when Vincent had just finished the first repetitions of the \"Berceuse\" and the \"Sunflowers\" pendants, he told Theo: \"I picture to myself these same canvases between those of the sunflowers, which would thus form torches or candelabra beside them, the ...	{ "title": "Sunflowers (Van Gogh series)", "long_answer": "Sunflowers (original title, in French: Tournesols) is the name of two series of still life paintings by the Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh. The first series, executed in Paris in 1887, depicts the flowers lying on the ground, while the second set, executed ...
who is the actress that plays penny on the big bang theory	[ "Kaley Christine Cuoco" ]	[ { "title": "Penny (The Big Bang Theory)", "text": "Penny (The Big Bang Theory) Penny is a fictional character on the American CBS sitcom \"The Big Bang Theory\", portrayed by actress Kaley Cuoco. She is the primary female character in the series, befriending her across-the-hall neighbors Leonard Hofstadter ...	{ "title": "Kaley Cuoco", "long_answer": "Kaley Christine Cuoco (/ˈkeɪli ˈkwoʊkoʊ/ KAY-lee KWOH-koh; born November 30, 1985) is an American actress. After a series of supporting film and television roles in the late 1990s, she landed her breakthrough role as Bridget Hennessy on the ABC sitcom 8 Simple Rules, on whi...
when was the last time it snowed in england on christmas day	[ "2009" ]	[ { "title": "Winter of 2009–10 in Great Britain and Ireland", "text": "of North Yorkshire, particularly the Harrogate area, experienced heavy snowfall during the day. On Christmas Day parts of Britain had a White Christmas for the first time since 2004 after snow fell in parts of Scotland, parts of northern ...	{ "title": "White Christmas (weather)", "long_answer": "Christmas 2009 was a white Christmas in some parts of Britain, with thick lying snow which easterly winds had brought over the previous week. Travel over much of Britain was badly affected by ice and snow on roads, and was made more slippery by partial daytime...
who was the father of the princes in the tower	[ "Edward IV of England", "Edward IV" ]	[ { "title": "Princes in the Tower", "text": "Portuguese document suggests Buckingham as the guilty party, stating \"...and after the passing away of king Edward in the year of 83, another one of his brothers, the Duke of Gloucester, had in his power the Prince of Wales and the Duke of York, the young sons of...	{ "title": "Princes in the Tower", "long_answer": "\"The Princes in the Tower\" is an expression frequently used to refer to Edward V, King of England and Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York. The two brothers were the only sons of Edward IV of England and Elizabeth Woodville surviving at the time of their father's ...
when did muhammad ali win an olympic gold medal	[ "1960" ]	[ { "title": "Muhammad Ali", "text": "for the world heavyweight title (shared with Joe Louis), as well as winning 14 unified title bouts (shared with former welterweight champion José Napoles), were unbeaten for 35 years. Ali is the only boxer to be named \"The Ring\" magazine Fighter of the Year six times. H...	{ "title": "Muhammad Ali", "long_answer": "Clay was born and raised in Louisville, Kentucky, and began training as an amateur boxer when he was 12 years old. At age 18, he won a gold medal in the light heavyweight division at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome and turned professional later that year. At age 22 in 196...
when was harry potter and the philosopher's stone made	[ "14 November 2001", "1997" ]	[ { "title": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone", "text": "been an attempted robbery of a Gringotts vault—the same vault that Hagrid and Harry had visited when Harry was getting his school supplies. A further indiscretion from Hagrid allows them to work out that the object kept under that trapdoor is a...	{ "title": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone", "long_answer": "In 1999, Rowling sold the film rights of the first four Harry Potter books to Warner Bros. for a reported £1 million ($1,982,900). Rowling demanded that the principal cast be kept strictly British but allowed for the casting of Irish actors such...
when does thomas rhett's new album come out	[ "September 8, 2017" ]	[ { "title": "Thomas Rhett", "text": "Some of That\", became Rhett's second number 1 single in early 2014. The album's fifth single, \"Make Me Wanna\", was released to country radio on August 4, 2014. It reached number one on the Country Airplay chart on March 7, 2015. In between the two singles, Rhett sang g...	{ "title": "Life Changes (Thomas Rhett album)", "long_answer": "Life Changes is the third studio album from American singer Thomas Rhett. Released on September 8, 2017 through Valory Music Group, Rhett produced the album alongside Dann Huff, Jesse Frasure, Julian Bunetta and Joe London. It includes the chart-toppin...
a town in west yorkshire on the river aire home to a rugby league team	[ "Castleford" ]	[ { "title": "Rodley, West Yorkshire", "text": "a wetland reserve created in 1999 on the site of a former sewage works, just north of Town Street on the north bank of the River Aire. Adjacent, on the opposite bank to the nature reserve, is Canal Bank Sports Ground, which is the base for a cricket and an amate...	{ "title": "Castleford", "long_answer": "Castleford is a town in the metropolitan borough of Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England. It had a population of 40,210 at the 2011 Census. Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, to the north of the town centre the River Calder joins the River Aire and the Aire and Cald...
who sings only love can break your heart	[ "Neil Young" ]	[ { "title": "Only Love Can Break a Heart", "text": "Only Love Can Break a Heart \"Only Love Can Break a Heart\" is the title of a popular song from 1962, performed by the American singer-songwriter Gene Pitney. The song was written by Hal David (words) and Burt Bacharach (music) and appears on Pitney's secon...	{ "title": "Only Love Can Break Your Heart", "long_answer": "\"Only Love Can Break Your Heart\" is a song written by Neil Young. It has been covered by many bands, including a 1990 single by Saint Etienne.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"Only Love Can Break Your Heart\" is a song written by Neil Young. It has been c...
who was assassinated during a visit to sarajevo in bosnia	[ "Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria" ]	[ { "title": "Siege of Sarajevo", "text": "them and Bosnian Croats but boycotted by majority of Bosnian Serbs. Nikola Gardović, the groom's father, was killed, while an Orthodox priest was wounded. Some of the witnesses identified the shooter as Ramiz Delalić, a minor Bosniak gangster also known as \"Ćelo\" w...	{ "title": "Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria", "long_answer": "The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, occurred on 28 June 1914 in Sarajevo when they were mortally wounded by Gavrilo Pri...
surface area in many kinds of organs is important because the amount of surface determines	[ "effective gas exchange" ]	[ { "title": "Surface-area-to-volume ratio", "text": "exchange, bringing oxygen into the blood and releasing carbon dioxide from the blood. Similarly, the small intestine has a finely wrinkled internal surface, allowing the body to absorb nutrients efficiently. Cells can achieve a high surface area to volume ...	{ "title": "Gas exchange", "long_answer": "Gases are constantly consumed and produced by cellular and metabolic reactions in most living things, so an efficient system for gas exchange between, ultimately, the interior of the cell(s) and the external environment is required. Small, particularly unicellular organism...
when was the first book made into a movie	[ "1924" ]	[ { "title": "Ira Levin", "text": "Novel. \"A Kiss Before Dying\" was turned into a movie twice, first in 1956 and again in 1991. Levin's best-known novel is \"Rosemary's Baby,\" a horror story of modern-day Satanism and other occultisms, set in Manhattan's Upper West Side. In 1968, it was made into a film st...	{ "title": "Film adaptation", "long_answer": "In 1924, Erich von Stroheim attempted a literal adaptation of Frank Norris's novel McTeague with his moving picture Greed, and the resulting film was 9½ hours long. It was cut, at studio insistence, to four hours, then without Stroheim's input, cut again to around two h...
what allows chyme to enter the small intestine	[ "pyloric valve", "the pyloric valve" ]	[ { "title": "Chyme", "text": "will be absorbed along with other nutrients. Chyme has a low pH that is countered by the production of bile, helping to further digest food. Chyme is part liquid and part solid: a thick semifluid mass of partially digested food and digestive secretions that is formed in the stom...	{ "title": "Chyme", "long_answer": "Chyme or chymus (/kaɪm/; from Greek χυμός khymos, \"juice\") is the semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by the stomach, through the pyloric valve, into the duodenum (the beginning of the small intestine).", "chunked_long_answer": "Chyme or chymus (/kaɪm/; f...
author of the hymn great is thy faithfulness	[ "William M. Runyan", "written by Thomas Chisholm", "Thomas Chisholm" ]	[ { "title": "Great Is Thy Faithfulness", "text": "poem to music, and it was published that same year by Hope Publishing Company and became popular among church groups. The Biblical lyrics reference Lamentations 3:22-23. The song was exposed to wide audiences after becoming popular with Dr. William Henry Houg...	{ "title": "Great Is Thy Faithfulness", "long_answer": "Great Is Thy Faithfulness is a popular Christian hymn written by Thomas Chisholm (1866–1960) with music composed by William M. Runyan (1870–1957) in Baldwin, Kansas, U.S..", "chunked_long_answer": "Great Is Thy Faithfulness is a popular Christian hymn writte...
what type of rock dominates the earth's surface	[ "Sedimentary", "sedimentary rock", "sedimentary" ]	[ { "title": "Earth", "text": "Earth is metamorphic rock, which is created from the transformation of pre-existing rock types through high pressures, high temperatures, or both. The most abundant silicate minerals on Earth's surface include quartz, feldspars, amphibole, mica, pyroxene and olivine. Common carb...	{ "title": "Sedimentary rock", "long_answer": "The sedimentary rock cover of the continents of the Earth's crust is extensive (73% of the Earth's current land surface), but the total contribution of sedimentary rocks is estimated to be only 8% of the total volume of the crust. Sedimentary rocks are only a thin vene...
when is season 8 for game of thrones	[ "2019", "in 2019" ]	[ { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 8)", "text": "Game of Thrones (season 8) The eighth and final season of the fantasy drama television series \"Game of Thrones\" was announced by HBO in July 2016. Unlike the first six seasons that each had ten episodes and the seventh that had seven episodes, the eighth s...	{ "title": "Game of Thrones (season 8)", "long_answer": "The season will be adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. Filming officially began on October 23, 2017. The season is scheduled to premiere in 2019.", "chunked_long_answer": "The season will be adapted for television by David Benioff and D...
who sang original i want a hippopotamus for christmas	[ "Gayla Peevey" ]	[ { "title": "I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas", "text": "hippopotamus with Snuffleupagus. Country music singer Gretchen Wilson recorded a rendition in late 2009. It debuted at No. 54 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs charts dated for January 2, 2010. It is included on her album \"Christmas in My Hear...	{ "title": "I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas", "long_answer": "\"I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas\" is a Christmas novelty song written by John Rox (1902–1957) and performed by Gayla Peevey (10 years old at the time) in 1953. The song peaked at number 24 on Billboard magazine's pop chart in December 1953.", ...
what act did parliament pass after the boston tea party	[ "The Intolerable Acts", "Intolerable Acts", "the Coercive Acts" ]	[ { "title": "Intolerable Acts", "text": "to give their consent, but the tea still remained less expensive even with the tax. Again, Parliament taxed the colonists without their representation. This angered the colonists. News of the Boston Tea Party reached England in January 1774. Parliament responded by pa...	{ "title": "Intolerable Acts", "long_answer": "The Intolerable Acts was the term used by American Patriots for a series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party. The laws were meant to punish the Massachusetts colonists for their defiance in the Boston Tea Party protest i...
when is the end of the football season	[ "February 4, 2018" ]	[ { "title": "High school football", "text": "training. In some states, this begins a few weeks after the end of the previous season, and in others as late as August. Some states allow seven on seven scrimmages, while others prohibit formal practices during most of the summer. Near the end of the summer in mi...	{ "title": "2017 NFL season", "long_answer": "The 2017 NFL season is the 98th and current season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 7, 2017, with the Kansas City Chiefs defeating the defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots 42–27 in the NFL Kickoff Game....
who plays spock in the new star trek movies	[ "Zachary John Quinto" ]	[ { "title": "Zachary Quinto", "text": "new \"Star Trek\" film, Quinto revealed that Nimoy had been given casting approval over who would play the role of the young Spock. \"For me Leonard's involvement was only liberating, frankly,\" says Quinto. \"I knew that he had approval over the actor that would play y...	{ "title": "Zachary Quinto", "long_answer": "Zachary John Quinto (/ˈkwɪntoʊ/; born June 2, 1977) is an American actor and film producer. He is best known for his roles as Sylar on the science fiction drama series Heroes (2006–2010), Spock in the reboot Star Trek (2009) and its sequels Star Trek Into Darkness (2013)...
what is alpha centauri's approximate distance from earth	[ "4.37 light-years" ]	[ { "title": "Alpha Centauri", "text": "Alpha Centauri Alpha Centauri (α Centauri, abbreviated Alpha Cen or α Cen) is the closest star system to the Solar System at from the Sun. It is a triple star system, consisting of three stars: Alpha Centauri A (officially Rigil Kentaurus), Alpha Centauri B (officially ...	{ "title": "Alpha Centauri", "long_answer": "Alpha Centauri (α Centauri, abbreviated Alpha Cen, α Cen) is the closest star system to the Solar System, being 4.37 light-years (1.34 pc) from the Sun. It consists of three stars: Alpha Centauri A (also named Rigil Kentaurus) and Alpha Centauri B, which form the binary ...
when did the ouija board game come out	[ "July 1, 1890" ]	[ { "title": "Ouija", "text": "\"Scareway to Heaven\" in which a Ouija board results in demon possession. \"The Invisible Histories of the Spiral Mountain; or The Hymns of Melchizedek,\" an occult novel by Christopher of Detroit, contains several chapter that use the talking board for communication with the p...	{ "title": "Ouija", "long_answer": "Following its commercial introduction by businessman Elijah Bond on July 1, 1890, the ouija board was regarded as a parlor game unrelated to the occult until American spiritualist Pearl Curran popularized its use as a divining tool during World War I. Spiritualists believed that ...
who said i will not go quietly into the night	[ "Welsh poet Dylan Thomas", "Dylan Thomas" ]	[ { "title": "Silent Night", "text": "priest John Freeman Young, then serving at Trinity Church, New York City, wrote and published the English translation that is most frequently sung today, translated from three of Mohr's original six verses. The version of the melody that is generally used today is a slow,...	{ "title": "Do not go gentle into that good night", "long_answer": "\"Do not go gentle into that good night\" is a poem in the form of a villanelle, and the most famous work of Welsh poet Dylan Thomas (1914–1953). Though first published in the journal Botteghe Oscure in 1951, it was written in 1947 when he was in F...
who wins america's next top model cycle 20	[ "Jourdan Miller" ]	[ { "title": "America's Next Top Model", "text": "Ora. The series also employs a panel of two or three additional judges, a creative director and a runway coach. Cycles 1–16, 19 and 23–24 each consisted of a cast of between 10 and 15 female contestants with no previous participation on the series. Cycle 17's ...	{ "title": "America's Next Top Model (cycle 20)", "long_answer": "The international destination for this cycle was Bali, Indonesia. The winner was 19-year-old Jourdan Miller from Bend, Oregon.", "chunked_long_answer": "The international destination for this cycle was Bali, Indonesia. The winner was 19-year-old Jo...
who sang oh annie i not your daddy	[ "Kid Creole and the Coconuts", "Kid Creole & The Coconuts" ]	[ { "title": "Etta James discography", "text": "Me, Annie\", with her vocal group, the Peaches, singing background vocals, which topped the R&B charts for four weeks in 1955. The Peaches eventually left the label, and James recorded as a solo act. She had a second Top 10 hit, \"Good Rockin' Daddy\", in 1955. ...	{ "title": "Annie, I'm Not Your Daddy", "long_answer": "Annie, I'm Not Your Daddy is a song written by August Darnell and first recorded by his band Kid Creole and the Coconuts. It was released in 1982 as the 3rd and last single from their album Tropical Gangsters. It is Kid Creole & The Coconuts highest charting s...
all the gases in the earth's atmosphere	[ "Water vapor", "small amounts of other gases", "nitrogen", "oxygen", "Methane", "Helium", "Oxygen", "Carbon dioxide", "Nitrogen", "Neon", "Argon", "argon", "carbon dioxide" ]	[ { "title": "Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere", "text": "consequently is a greenhouse gas that plays a vital role in regulating Earth's surface temperature through the greenhouse effect. Concentrations of in the atmosphere were as high as 4,000 parts per million (ppm) during the Cambrian period about 500...	{ "title": "Atmosphere of Earth", "long_answer": "By volume, dry air contains 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. Air also contains a variable amount of water vapor, on average around 1% at sea level, and 0.4% over the entire atmosphere. Air content a...
where does the last name galvez come from	[ "Spanish surname", "Spanish" ]	[ { "title": "Galvez, Louisiana", "text": "mark the spot. From 2008 through 2010, preliminary archaeological work was undertaken on the site of Galveztown. In the summer of 2011, a field school offered by LSU was conducted. The modern location of Galvez is to the west of the original settlement, several miles...	{ "title": "Galvez", "long_answer": "Galvez is a Spanish surname.", "chunked_long_answer": "Galvez is a Spanish surname.", "short_answers": [ "Spanish", "Spanish surname" ] }
on which river did the exploration of the louisiana purchase begin	[ "Missouri River", "the Missouri River" ]	[ { "title": "Red River Expedition (1806)", "text": "Oklahoma where it meets Texas, and is now known to originate in the Texas Panhandle. After acquiring the lands of the Louisiana Purchase in 1804, Jefferson commissioned military groups to explore the unfamiliar territory and to collect scientific data about...	{ "title": "Lewis and Clark Expedition", "long_answer": "The Corps of Discovery departed from Camp Dubois at 4 pm on May 14, 1804, and met up with Lewis in St. Charles, Missouri, a short time later, marking the beginning of the voyage to the Pacific coast. The Corps followed the Missouri River westward. Soon, they ...
where did the last name taylor originate from	[ "Old French" ]	[ { "title": "Taylor (surname)", "text": "countries (especially Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States, where it was the tenth most frequently encountered surname in the 2000 US Census), but has a low incidence in Ireland, where it is mostly concentrated in the North. It is often the anglicized...	{ "title": "Taylor (surname)", "long_answer": "Taylor is a surname used in the British Isles of French and Latin origin which originated as a Norman occupational surname (meaning tailor) in France It is derived from the Old French tailleur (\"cutter\"), which is in turn derived from the Late Latin taliator, from ta...
when does planet of the apes come out 2017	[ "July 14, 2017", "July 14, 2017" ]	[ { "title": "Planet of the Apes (2001 film)", "text": "was July 4, 2001. \"Planet of the Apes\" was released on July 27, 2001 in 3,500 theaters across North America, earning $68,532,960 in its opening weekend. This was the second-highest opening weekend of 2001, behind \"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's St...	{ "title": "War for the Planet of the Apes", "long_answer": "Principal photography began on October 14, 2015, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. War for the Planet of the Apes premiered in New York City on July 10, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States on July 14, 2017, by 20th Century Fox. ...
when was the first time lebron went to the finals	[ "2007" ]	[ { "title": "2007 NBA Finals", "text": "the spotlight shifted back to Cleveland and LeBron James. Another hard-fought set ensued, with the Cavaliers taking the two games at home 88-82 and 91-87 respectively. Game 5 switched back to Detroit and produced one of the greatest moments in NBA history. With 6:14 to...	{ "title": "2007 NBA Finals", "long_answer": "The Cleveland Cavaliers entered the 2007 Finals as newcomers. Game 1 was their first NBA Finals game in franchise history, and the first for each of its players (other than reserve point guard Eric Snow). However, the San Antonio Spurs had been to the Finals in three of...
who wrote it's gonna take a lot of love	[ "Neil Young" ]	[ { "title": "Gonna Take a Lot of River", "text": "Gonna Take a Lot of River \"Gonna Take a Lot of River\" — often known as \"Gonna Take a Lot of River (Mississippi, Monongahela, Ohio)\" — is a song written by John Kurhajetz and Mark Henley, and recorded by American country music group The Oak Ridge Boys. It ...	{ "title": "Lotta Love", "long_answer": "\"Lotta Love\" is a song written and recorded by Neil Young and released on his 1978 Comes a Time album. \"Lotta Love\" was also covered by Nicolette Larson in 1978. Larson's version reached No. 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and No. 8 on the Cash Box Top 100 in February 1...
who plays the voice of john smith in pocahontas	[ "Mel Gibson" ]	[ { "title": "Pocahontas (1995 film)", "text": "for \"Pocahontas\" telling talent agents that they were particularly interested in Native American actors for the project. For the role of Pocahontas, Broadway actress-singer Judy Kuhn was hired to provide the singing voice for the eponymous character before Ire...	{ "title": "Pocahontas (1995 film)", "long_answer": "Pocahontas is a 1995 American animated musical romantic drama film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation for Walt Disney Pictures, the 33rd Disney animated feature film. Directed by Mike Gabriel and Eric Goldberg, the film is inspired by the Native American w...
who was the mexican commander who surrendered to the texans at the capturing of san antonio	[ "Sanchez Navarro" ]	[ { "title": "Sion Record Bostick", "text": "Record Bostick. (December 7, 1819-October 15, 1902) A member of the party of young Texans who captured the escaping Mexican General Santa Anna after Battle of San Jacinto, during the Texas War for Independence. Migrated from Alabama in 1828. Served in Texas army at...	{ "title": "Siege of Béxar", "long_answer": "By daylight, only 120 experienced infantry remained in the Mexican garrison. Cos called Sanchez Navarro to the Alamo and gave him orders to \"go save those brave men. ... Approach the enemy and obtain the best terms possible\". Sanchez Navarro first returned to his post ...
distance from one side of a bridge to the other crossword	[ "span" ]	[ { "title": "Crossword", "text": "these terms commonly became \"Across\" and \"Down\" and notations for clues could either use the words or the letters \"A\" and \"D\", with or without hyphens. Crossword A crossword is a word puzzle that usually takes the form of a square or a rectangular grid of white-and b...	{ "title": "List of longest suspension bridge spans", "long_answer": "The world's longest suspension bridges are listed according to the length of their main span (i.e. the length of suspended roadway between the bridge's towers). The length of main span is the most common method of comparing the sizes of suspensio...

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