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question stringlengths 29 100	answers list	ctxs list	nq_annotated_gold dict
who sang what i like about you originally	[ "The Romantics.", "The Romantics", "American rock band The Romantics" ]	[ { "title": "What I Like About You (song)", "text": "\"What I Like About You\" is a song by American rock band The Romantics. The song, written by Romantics members Wally Palmar, Mike Skill and Jimmy Marinos in 1979 is included on the band's self-titled debut album (1980), and was also released as a single....	{ "title": "What I Like About You (song)", "long_answer": "\"What I Like About You\" is a song by American rock band The Romantics. The song, written by Romantics members Wally Palmar, Mike Skill and Jimmy Marinos in 1979 is included on the band's self-titled debut album (1980), and was also released as a single. Marinos, the band's drummer, is the lead vocalist on the song. The band filmed a music video for the song that appeared frequently on MTV during the early 1980s.\n", "chunked_long_answer": "\"What I Like About You\" is a song by American rock band The Romantics. The song, written by Romantics members Wally Palmar, Mike Skill and Jimmy Marinos in 1979 is included on the band's self-titled debut album (1980), and was also released as a single. Marinos, the band's drummer, is the lead vocalist on the song. The band filmed a music video for the song that appeared frequently on MTV during the early 1980s.", "short_answers": [ "American rock band The Romantics", "The Romantics", "The Romantics." ] }
when did the ship hector arrived in pictou	[ "1773" ]	[ { "title": "Hector (ship)", "text": "In 1762 the earliest of the Fuadaich nan Gàidheal (Scottish Highland Clearances) forced many Gaelic families off their ancestral lands. The first ship loaded with Hebridean colonists arrived on \"St.-John's Island\" (Prince Edward Island) in 1770, with later ships follow...	{ "title": "Hector (ship)", "long_answer": "In 1762 the earliest of the Fuadaich nan Gàidheal (Scottish Highland Clearances) forced many Gaelic families off their ancestral lands. The first ship loaded with Hebridean colonists arrived on \"St.-John's Island\" (Prince Edward Island) in 1770, with later ships following in 1772, and 1774. In 1773 a ship named The Hector landed in Pictou, Nova Scotia, with 189 settlers, mostly originating from Lochbroom. In 1784 the last barrier to Scottish settlement – a law restricting land-ownership on Cape Breton Island – was repealed, and soon both PEI and Nova Scotia were predominantly Gaelic-speaking. It is estimated more than 50,000 Gaelic settlers emigrated to Nova Scotia and Cape Breton Island between 1815 and 1870.", "chunked_long_answer": "In 1762 the earliest of the Fuadaich nan Gàidheal (Scottish Highland Clearances) forced many Gaelic families off their ancestral lands. The first ship loaded with Hebridean colonists arrived on \"St.-John's Island\" (Prince Edward Island) in 1770, with later ships following in 1772, and 1774. In 1773 a ship named The Hector landed in Pictou, Nova Scotia, with 189 settlers, mostly originating from Lochbroom. In 1784 the last barrier to Scottish settlement – a law restricting land-ownership on Cape Breton Island – was repealed, and soon both PEI and Nova Scotia were predominantly Gaelic-speaking. It is estimated more than 50,000 Gaelic", "short_answers": [ "1773" ] }
who sang the song oh what a lonely boy	[ "Andrew Gold" ]	[ { "title": "Lonely Boy (Andrew Gold song)", "text": "\"Lonely Boy\" is an international hit song from 1977, written and recorded by Andrew Gold in 1976 for his album What's Wrong with This Picture? It spent five months on the American charts, peaking at number seven in both Canada and the United States, an...	{ "title": "Lonely Boy (Andrew Gold song)", "long_answer": "\"Lonely Boy\" is an international hit song from 1977, written and recorded by Andrew Gold in 1976 for his album What's Wrong with This Picture? It spent five months on the American charts, peaking at number seven in both Canada and the United States, and number 11 in the United Kingdom. While \"Lonely Boy\" would be Gold's biggest U.S. hit, his \"Never Let Her Slip Away\" achieved greater success in the U.K.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"Lonely Boy\" is an international hit song from 1977, written and recorded by Andrew Gold in 1976 for his album What's Wrong with This Picture? It spent five months on the American charts, peaking at number seven in both Canada and the United States, and number 11 in the United Kingdom. While \"Lonely Boy\" would be Gold's biggest U.S. hit, his \"Never Let Her Slip Away\" achieved greater success in the U.K.", "short_answers": [ "Andrew Gold" ] }
who won the 2017 ncaa mens basketball tournament	[ "North Carolina" ]	[ { "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament", "text": "In the Final Four, North Carolina beat Oregon (making their first Final Four appearance since 1939) while Gonzaga defeated South Carolina (both making their first ever Final Four appearance). North Carolina then defeated Gonzaga 71–65 t...	{ "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament", "long_answer": "In the Final Four, North Carolina beat Oregon (making their first Final Four appearance since 1939) while Gonzaga defeated South Carolina (both making their first ever Final Four appearance). North Carolina then defeated Gonzaga 71–65 to win the national championship.", "chunked_long_answer": "In the Final Four, North Carolina beat Oregon (making their first Final Four appearance since 1939) while Gonzaga defeated South Carolina (both making their first ever Final Four appearance). North Carolina then defeated Gonzaga 71–65 to win the national championship.", "short_answers": [ "North Carolina" ] }
when was christmas first celebrated as a holiday	[ "336" ]	[ { "title": "Christmas", "text": "The Nativity stories of Matthew and Luke are prominent in the gospels and early Christian writers suggested various dates for the anniversary. The first recorded Christmas celebration was in Rome in 336. Christmas played a role in the Arian controversy of the fourth century...	{ "title": "Christmas", "long_answer": "The Nativity stories of Matthew and Luke are prominent in the gospels and early Christian writers suggested various dates for the anniversary. The first recorded Christmas celebration was in Rome in 336. Christmas played a role in the Arian controversy of the fourth century. In the early Middle Ages, it was overshadowed by Epiphany. The feast regained prominence after 800, when Charlemagne was crowned emperor on Christmas Day.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Nativity stories of Matthew and Luke are prominent in the gospels and early Christian writers suggested various dates for the anniversary. The first recorded Christmas celebration was in Rome in 336. Christmas played a role in the Arian controversy of the fourth century. In the early Middle Ages, it was overshadowed by Epiphany. The feast regained prominence after 800, when Charlemagne was crowned emperor on Christmas Day.", "short_answers": [ "336" ] }
how many plane surfaces does a cylinder have	[ "two parallel planes", "two" ]	[ { "title": "Cylinder", "text": "A solid bounded by a cylindrical surface and two parallel planes is called a (solid) cylinder. The line segments determined by an element of the cylindrical surface between the two parallel planes is called an element of the cylinder. All the elements of a cylinder have equal...	{ "title": "Cylinder", "long_answer": "A solid bounded by a cylindrical surface and two parallel planes is called a (solid) cylinder. The line segments determined by an element of the cylindrical surface between the two parallel planes is called an element of the cylinder. All the elements of a cylinder have equal lengths. The region bounded by the cylindrical surface in either of the parallel planes is called a base of the cylinder. The two bases of a cylinder are congruent figures. If the elements of the cylinder are perpendicular to the planes containing the bases, the cylinder is a right cylinder, otherwise it is called an oblique cylinder. If the bases are disks (regions whose boundary is a circle) the cylinder is called a circular cylinder. In some elementary treatments, a cylinder always means a circular cylinder.", "chunked_long_answer": "A solid bounded by a cylindrical surface and two parallel planes is called a (solid) cylinder. The line segments determined by an element of the cylindrical surface between the two parallel planes is called an element of the cylinder. All the elements of a cylinder have equal lengths. The region bounded by the cylindrical surface in either of the parallel planes is called a base of the cylinder. The two bases of a cylinder are congruent figures. If the elements of the cylinder are perpendicular to the planes containing the bases, the cylinder is a right cylinder, otherwise it is", "short_answers": [ "two", "two parallel planes" ] }
in which city are the wimbledon game held	[ "London", "Wimbledon, London" ]	[ { "title": "The Championships, Wimbledon", "text": "The Championships, Wimbledon, commonly known simply as Wimbledon, is the oldest tennis tournament in the world, and is widely regarded as the most prestigious. It has been held at the All England Club in Wimbledon, London, since 1877 and is played on outdo...	{ "title": "The Championships, Wimbledon", "long_answer": "The Championships, Wimbledon, commonly known simply as Wimbledon, is the oldest tennis tournament in the world, and is widely regarded as the most prestigious. It has been held at the All England Club in Wimbledon, London, since 1877 and is played on outdoor grass courts.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Championships, Wimbledon, commonly known simply as Wimbledon, is the oldest tennis tournament in the world, and is widely regarded as the most prestigious. It has been held at the All England Club in Wimbledon, London, since 1877 and is played on outdoor grass courts.", "short_answers": [ "London", "Wimbledon, London" ] }
who played the first phantom of the opera	[ "Michael Crawford" ]	[ { "title": "The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)", "text": "Her Majesty's Theatre in London's West End on 27 September 1986 under the direction of Hal Prince, then opened on 9 October. It was choreographed by Gillian Lynne and the sets were designed by Maria Björnson, with lighting by Andrew Bridge. Mich...	{ "title": "The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)", "long_answer": "Phantom began previews at Her Majesty's Theatre in London's West End on 27 September 1986 under the direction of Hal Prince, then opened on 9 October. It was choreographed by Gillian Lynne and the sets were designed by Maria Björnson, with lighting by Andrew Bridge. Michael Crawford starred in the title role with Sarah Brightman as Christine and Steve Barton as Raoul. The production, still playing at Her Majesty's, celebrated its 10,000th performance on 23 October 2010, with Lloyd Webber and the original Phantom, Michael Crawford, in attendance. It is the second longest-running musical in West End (and world) history behind Les Misérables, and third overall behind The Mousetrap.", "chunked_long_answer": "Her Majesty's Theatre in London's West End on 27 September 1986 under the direction of Hal Prince, then opened on 9 October. It was choreographed by Gillian Lynne and the sets were designed by Maria Björnson, with lighting by Andrew Bridge. Michael Crawford starred in the title role with Sarah Brightman as Christine and Steve Barton as Raoul. The production, still playing at Her Majesty's, celebrated its 10,000th performance on 23 October 2010, with Lloyd Webber and the original Phantom, Michael Crawford, in attendance. It is the second longest-running musical in West End (and world) history behind Les Misérables, and", "short_answers": [ "Michael Crawford" ] }
why does cooling water run through the condenser	[ "condense the steam" ]	[ { "title": "Cooling tower", "text": "Cooling towers originated in the 19th century through the development of condensers for use with the steam engine. Condensers use relatively cool water, via various means, to condense the steam coming out of the cylinders or turbines. This reduces the back pressure, whi...	{ "title": "Cooling tower", "long_answer": "Cooling towers originated in the 19th century through the development of condensers for use with the steam engine. Condensers use relatively cool water, via various means, to condense the steam coming out of the cylinders or turbines. This reduces the back pressure, which in turn reduces the steam consumption, and thus the fuel consumption, while at the same time increasing power and recycling boiler-water. However the condensers require an ample supply of cooling water, without which they are impractical. The consumption of cooling water by inland processing and power plants is estimated to reduce power availability for the majority of thermal power plants by 2040–2069. While water usage is not an issue with marine engines, it forms a significant limitation for many land-based systems.", "chunked_long_answer": "Cooling towers originated in the 19th century through the development of condensers for use with the steam engine. Condensers use relatively cool water, via various means, to condense the steam coming out of the cylinders or turbines. This reduces the back pressure, which in turn reduces the steam consumption, and thus the fuel consumption, while at the same time increasing power and recycling boiler-water. However the condensers require an ample supply of cooling water, without which they are impractical. The consumption of cooling water by inland processing and power plants is estimated to reduce power availability for the majority of", "short_answers": [ "condense the steam" ] }
when does a cell have condensed visible chromosomes also known as sister chromatids	[ "metaphase" ]	[ { "title": "Chromosome", "text": "Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing the metaphase of cell division (where all chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell in their condensed form). Before this happens, every chromosome is copied once (S phase), a...	{ "title": "Chromosome", "long_answer": "Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing the metaphase of cell division (where all chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell in their condensed form). Before this happens, every chromosome is copied once (S phase), and the copy is joined to the original by a centromere, resulting either in an X-shaped structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. The original chromosome and the copy are now called sister chromatids. During metaphase the X-shape structure is called a metaphase chromosome. In this highly condensed form chromosomes are easiest to distinguish and study. In animal cells, chromosomes reach their highest compaction level in anaphase during segregation.", "chunked_long_answer": "Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing the metaphase of cell division (where all chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell in their condensed form). Before this happens, every chromosome is copied once (S phase), and the copy is joined to the original by a centromere, resulting either in an X-shaped structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends. The original chromosome and the copy are now called sister chromatids. During metaphase the X-shape structure is called a metaphase chromosome. ", "short_answers": [ "metaphase" ] }
who played bat masterson in the tv series	[ "Gene Barry" ]	[ { "title": "Bat Masterson (TV series)", "text": "Bat Masterson is an American Western television series which showed a fictionalized account of the life of real-life marshal/gambler/dandy Bat Masterson. The title character was played by Gene Barry and the half-hour black-and-white shows ran on NBC from 1958...	{ "title": "Bat Masterson (TV series)", "long_answer": "Bat Masterson is an American Western television series which showed a fictionalized account of the life of real-life marshal/gambler/dandy Bat Masterson. The title character was played by Gene Barry and the half-hour black-and-white shows ran on NBC from 1958 to 1961. The series was produced by Ziv Television Productions.", "chunked_long_answer": "Bat Masterson is an American Western television series which showed a fictionalized account of the life of real-life marshal/gambler/dandy Bat Masterson. The title character was played by Gene Barry and the half-hour black-and-white shows ran on NBC from 1958 to 1961. The series was produced by Ziv Television Productions.", "short_answers": [ "Gene Barry" ] }
when did men's curling start in the olympics	[ "1924", "1998", "1998 Nagano Games" ]	[ { "title": "Curling at the Winter Olympics", "text": "Curling was included in the program of the inaugural Winter Olympic Games in 1924 in Chamonix although the results of that competition were not considered official by the International Olympic Committee until 2006. Curling was a demonstration sport at th...	{ "title": "Curling at the Winter Olympics", "long_answer": "Curling was included in the program of the inaugural Winter Olympic Games in 1924 in Chamonix although the results of that competition were not considered official by the International Olympic Committee until 2006. Curling was a demonstration sport at the 1932 Games, and then again after a lengthy absence in 1988 and 1992. The sport was finally added to the official program for the 1998 Nagano Games.", "chunked_long_answer": "Curling was included in the program of the inaugural Winter Olympic Games in 1924 in Chamonix although the results of that competition were not considered official by the International Olympic Committee until 2006. Curling was a demonstration sport at the 1932 Games, and then again after a lengthy absence in 1988 and 1992. The sport was finally added to the official program for the 1998 Nagano Games.", "short_answers": [ "1924", "1998", "1998 Nagano Games" ] }
which hormone is released from the ruptured follicle or corpus luteum	[ "estrogen", "estradiol", "inhibin A", "progesterone" ]	[ { "title": "Corpus luteum", "text": "The corpus luteum (Latin for \"yellow body\"; plural corpora lutea) is a temporary endocrine structure in female ovaries and is involved in the production of relatively high levels of progesterone, moderate levels of estradiol, inhibin A and small amounts of estrogen. It...	{ "title": "Corpus luteum", "long_answer": "The corpus luteum (Latin for \"yellow body\"; plural corpora lutea) is a temporary endocrine structure in female ovaries and is involved in the production of relatively high levels of progesterone, moderate levels of estradiol, inhibin A and small amounts of estrogen. It is the remains of the ovarian follicle that has released a mature ovum during a previous ovulation. It is colored as a result of concentrating carotenoids (including lutein) from the diet and secretes a moderate amount of estrogen to inhibit further release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and thus secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). A new corpus luteum develops with each menstrual cycle.", "chunked_long_answer": "The corpus luteum (Latin for \"yellow body\"; plural corpora lutea) is a temporary endocrine structure in female ovaries and is involved in the production of relatively high levels of progesterone, moderate levels of estradiol, inhibin A and small amounts of estrogen. It is the remains of the ovarian follicle that has released a mature ovum during a previous ovulation. It is colored as a result of concentrating carotenoids (including lutein) from the diet and secretes a moderate amount of estrogen to inhibit further release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and thus secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). A", "short_answers": [ "estradiol", "estrogen", "inhibin A", "progesterone" ] }
what was hawaii's primary export to the united states	[ "macadamia nuts", "coffee", "honey", "sugarcane", "pineapple", "livestock" ]	[ { "title": "Hawaii", "text": "By weight, honey bees may be the state's most valuable export. According to the Hawaii Agricultural Statistics Service, agricultural sales were US$370.9 million from diversified agriculture, US$100.6 million from pineapple, and US$64.3 million from sugarcane. Hawaii's relative...	{ "title": "Hawaii", "long_answer": "By weight, honey bees may be the state's most valuable export. According to the Hawaii Agricultural Statistics Service, agricultural sales were US$370.9 million from diversified agriculture, US$100.6 million from pineapple, and US$64.3 million from sugarcane. Hawaii's relatively consistent climate has attracted the seed industry, which is able to test three generations of crops per year on the islands, compared with one or two on the mainland. Seeds yielded US$264 million in 2012, supporting 1,400 workers.", "chunked_long_answer": "By weight, honey bees may be the state's most valuable export. According to the Hawaii Agricultural Statistics Service, agricultural sales were US$370.9 million from diversified agriculture, US$100.6 million from pineapple, and US$64.3 million from sugarcane. Hawaii's relatively consistent climate has attracted the seed industry, which is able to test three generations of crops per year on the islands, compared with one or two on the mainland. Seeds yielded US$264 million in 2012, supporting 1,400 workers.", "short_answers": [ "pineapple" ] }
who sings i will go down with this ship	[ "Dido" ]	[ { "title": "White Flag (song)", "text": "\"White Flag\" is a song by English singer-songwriter Dido, released as the lead single from her second studio album Life for Rent on 1 September 2003. The song is considered one of her signature songs, and helped Life for Rent sell over ten million copies worldwide...	{ "title": "White Flag (song)", "long_answer": "\"White Flag\" is a song by English singer-songwriter Dido, released as the lead single from her second studio album Life for Rent on 1 September 2003. The song is considered one of her signature songs, and helped Life for Rent sell over ten million copies worldwide. The song was nominated for the Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 46th Grammy Awards, but lost to Christina Aguilera's \"Beautiful\". It won the Best British Single at the 2004 Brit Awards.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"White Flag\" is a song by English singer-songwriter Dido, released as the lead single from her second studio album Life for Rent on 1 September 2003. The song is considered one of her signature songs, and helped Life for Rent sell over ten million copies worldwide. The song was nominated for the Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 46th Grammy Awards, but lost to Christina Aguilera's \"Beautiful\". It won the Best British Single at the 2004 Brit Awards.", "short_answers": [ "Dido" ] }
where does the last name hidalgo come from	[ "Spanish" ]	[ { "title": "Hidalgo (surname)", "text": "Hidalgo is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Hidalgo, Texas", "text": "changed to \"Hidalgo\" in...	{ "title": "Hidalgo (surname)", "long_answer": "Hidalgo is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:", "chunked_long_answer": "Hidalgo is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:", "short_answers": [ "Spanish" ] }
when was the canadian pacific railway started and finished	[ "between 1881 and 1885" ]	[ { "title": "Canadian Pacific Railway", "text": "The railway was originally built between Eastern Canada and British Columbia between 1881 and 1885 (connecting with Ottawa Valley and Georgian Bay area lines built earlier), fulfilling a promise extended to British Columbia when it entered Confederation in 187...	{ "title": "Canadian Pacific Railway", "long_answer": "The railway was originally built between Eastern Canada and British Columbia between 1881 and 1885 (connecting with Ottawa Valley and Georgian Bay area lines built earlier), fulfilling a promise extended to British Columbia when it entered Confederation in 1871. It was Canada's first transcontinental railway, but no longer reaches the Atlantic coast. Primarily a freight railway, the CPR was for decades the only practical means of long-distance passenger transport in most regions of Canada, and was instrumental in the settlement and development of Western Canada. The CPR became one of the largest and most powerful companies in Canada, a position it held as late as 1975. Its primary passenger services were eliminated in 1986, after being assumed by Via Rail Canada in 1978. A beaver was chosen as the railway's logo in honor of Sir Donald A Smith (1st. Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal) who had risen from Factor to Govenor of the Hudson's Bay Company over a lengthy career in the beaver fur trade . Smith was a principal financier of the C.P.R. staking much of his personal wealth. In 1885 he drove the last spike to complete the transcontinental line.", "chunked_long_answer": "The railway was originally built between Eastern Canada and British Columbia between 1881 and 1885 (connecting with Ottawa Valley and Georgian Bay area lines built earlier), fulfilling a promise extended to British Columbia when it entered Confederation in 1871. It was Canada's first transcontinental railway, but no longer reaches the Atlantic coast. Primarily a freight railway, the CPR was for decades the only practical means of long-distance passenger transport in most regions of Canada, and was instrumental in the settlement and development of Western Canada. The CPR became one of the largest and most powerful companies in Canada, a position", "short_answers": [ "between 1881 and 1885" ] }
who built pedestrian bridge at florida international university	[ "Munilla Construction Management", "FIGG Bridge Engineers" ]	[ { "title": "Florida International University pedestrian bridge collapse", "text": "The main companies behind the construction project are Munilla Construction Management (MCM), a Miami-based construction management firm, and FIGG Bridge Engineers, a Tallahassee-based firm. Unlike most bridges in Florida, t...	{ "title": "Florida International University pedestrian bridge collapse", "long_answer": "The main companies behind the construction project are Munilla Construction Management (MCM), a Miami-based construction management firm, and FIGG Bridge Engineers, a Tallahassee-based firm. Unlike most bridges in Florida, the design for this project was overseen by the university itself, not the Florida Department of Transportation.", "chunked_long_answer": "The main companies behind the construction project are Munilla Construction Management (MCM), a Miami-based construction management firm, and FIGG Bridge Engineers, a Tallahassee-based firm. Unlike most bridges in Florida, the design for this project was overseen by the university itself, not the Florida Department of Transportation.", "short_answers": [ "FIGG Bridge Engineers" ] }
band who had a hit with heart and soul crossword	[ "British pop band T'Pau", "T'Pau" ]	[ { "title": "Heart and Soul (T'Pau song)", "text": "\"Heart and Soul\" is a song by British pop band T'Pau. Featuring vocalist Carol Decker performing overlapping lyrics, the song was released as the group's first single in 1987 from their debut album Bridge of Spies. Following its inclusion in a Pepe Jeans...	{ "title": "Heart and Soul (T'Pau song)", "long_answer": "\"Heart and Soul\" is a song by British pop band T'Pau. Featuring vocalist Carol Decker performing overlapping lyrics, the song was released as the group's first single in 1987 from their debut album Bridge of Spies. Following its inclusion in a Pepe Jeans advert, the single reached No. 4 in both the US and UK charts.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"Heart and Soul\" is a song by British pop band T'Pau. Featuring vocalist Carol Decker performing overlapping lyrics, the song was released as the group's first single in 1987 from their debut album Bridge of Spies. Following its inclusion in a Pepe Jeans advert, the single reached No. 4 in both the US and UK charts.", "short_answers": [ "British pop band T'Pau", "T'Pau" ] }
the german princes who chose the holy roman empire were called	[ "prince-electors", "the Prince-Electors" ]	[ { "title": "Prince-elector", "text": "The prince-electors (or simply electors) of the Holy Roman Empire (German: Kurfürst ( listen (help·info)), pl. Kurfürsten, Czech: Kurfiřt, Latin: Princeps Elector) were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold"...	{ "title": "Prince-elector", "long_answer": "The prince-electors (or simply electors) of the Holy Roman Empire (German: Kurfürst ( listen (help·info)), pl. Kurfürsten, Czech: Kurfiřt, Latin: Princeps Elector) were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire.", "chunked_long_answer": "The prince-electors (or simply electors) of the Holy Roman Empire (German: Kurfürst ( listen (help·info)), pl. Kurfürsten, Czech: Kurfiřt, Latin: Princeps Elector) were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire.", "short_answers": [ "prince-electors" ] }
where does the name de la rosa come from	[ "Spanish" ]	[ { "title": "De La Rosa", "text": "De la Rosa is a Spanish surname, which means \"of the rose\". It may refer to:", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Santa Rosa de Lima, La Unión", "text": "First Div...	{ "title": "De La Rosa", "long_answer": "De la Rosa is a Spanish surname, which means \"of the rose\". It may refer to:", "chunked_long_answer": "De la Rosa is a Spanish surname, which means \"of the rose\". It may refer to:", "short_answers": [ "Spanish" ] }
who sang i knew the bride when she used to rock and roll	[ "Dave Edmunds" ]	[ { "title": "I Knew the Bride", "text": "\"I Knew the Bride (When She Used to Rock 'n' Roll)\" is a song written by Nick Lowe and first popularized by Dave Edmunds. It was released on Edmunds's 1977 album Get It and a year later in a live version by Nick Lowe's Last Chicken in the Shop on Live Stiffs Live."...	{ "title": "I Knew the Bride", "long_answer": "\"I Knew the Bride (When She Used to Rock 'n' Roll)\" is a song written by Nick Lowe and first popularized by Dave Edmunds. It was released on Edmunds's 1977 album Get It and a year later in a live version by Nick Lowe's Last Chicken in the Shop on Live Stiffs Live.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"I Knew the Bride (When She Used to Rock 'n' Roll)\" is a song written by Nick Lowe and first popularized by Dave Edmunds. It was released on Edmunds's 1977 album Get It and a year later in a live version by Nick Lowe's Last Chicken in the Shop on Live Stiffs Live.", "short_answers": [ "Dave Edmunds" ] }
when did the first ninja turtles come out	[ "1984", "May 1984" ]	[ { "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles", "text": "The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles first appeared in an American comic book published by Mirage Studios in 1984 in Dover, New Hampshire. The concept arose from a humorous drawing sketched out by Eastman during a casual evening of brainstorming and bad televi...	{ "title": "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles", "long_answer": "The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles first appeared in an American comic book published by Mirage Studios in 1984 in Dover, New Hampshire. The concept arose from a humorous drawing sketched out by Eastman during a casual evening of brainstorming and bad television with Laird. Using money from a tax refund, together with a loan from Eastman’s uncle, the young artists self-published a single-issue comic intended to parody four of the most popular comics of the early 1980s: Marvel Comics’ Daredevil and New Mutants, Dave Sim’s Cerebus, and Frank Miller’s Ronin. The TMNT comic book series has been published in various incarnations by various comic book companies since 1984.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles first appeared in an American comic book published by Mirage Studios in 1984 in Dover, New Hampshire. The concept arose from a humorous drawing sketched out by Eastman during a casual evening of brainstorming and bad television with Laird. Using money from a tax refund, together with a loan from Eastman’s uncle, the young artists self-published a single-issue comic intended to parody four of the most popular comics of the early 1980s: Marvel Comics’ Daredevil and New Mutants, Dave Sim’s Cerebus, and Frank Miller’s Ronin. The TMNT comic book series has been published in various incarnations by various comic book companies since 1984.", "short_answers": [ "1984" ] }
what song did the titanic band play when it sank	[ "\"Autumn\"" ]	[ { "title": "Legends and myths regarding RMS Titanic", "text": "to a friend if he were on a sinking ship, \"Nearer, My God, to Thee\" would be one of the songs he would play. But Walter Lord's book A Night to Remember popularised wireless operator Harold Bride's 1912 account (New York Times) that he heard th...	{ "title": "Legends and myths regarding RMS Titanic", "long_answer": "There has been much speculation about what their last song was. A first-class Canadian passenger, Mrs. Vera Dick, and several other passengers, alleged that the final tune played was that of the hymn \"Nearer, My God, to Thee\". Hartley reportedly once said to a friend if he were on a sinking ship, \"Nearer, My God, to Thee\" would be one of the songs he would play. But Walter Lord's book A Night to Remember popularised wireless operator Harold Bride's 1912 account (New York Times) that he heard the song \"Autumn\" before the ship sank. It is considered Bride either meant the hymn tune known as \"Autumn\" or the tune of the then-popular waltz \"Songe d'Automne\" but neither was in the White Star Line songbook for the band. Bride is one of only two witnesses who were close enough to the band, as he floated off the deck before the ship went down. Some consider his statement to be reliable. Mrs. Dick had left by lifeboat an hour and 20 minutes earlier and could not possibly have heard the band's final moments. The notion that the band played \"Nearer, My God, to Thee\" as a swan song is possibly a myth originating from the wrecking of SS Valencia, which had received wide press coverage in Canada in 1906 and so may have influenced Mrs. Dick's recollection.", "chunked_long_answer": "to a friend if he were on a sinking ship, \"Nearer, My God, to Thee\" would be one of the songs he would play. But Walter Lord's book A Night to Remember popularised wireless operator Harold Bride's 1912 account (New York Times) that he heard the song \"Autumn\" before the ship sank. It is considered Bride either meant the hymn tune known as \"Autumn\" or the tune of the then-popular waltz \"Songe d'Automne\" but neither was in the White Star Line songbook for the band. Bride is one of only two witnesses who were close enough to the band, as", "short_answers": [ "\"Autumn\"" ] }
when was the wheel introduced to north america	[ "about 1500 BC" ]	[ { "title": "Wheel", "text": "Although large-scale use of wheels did not occur in the Americas prior to European contact, numerous small wheeled artifacts, identified as children's toys, have been found in Mexican archeological sites, some dating to about 1500 BC. It is thought that the primary obstacle to ...	{ "title": "Wheel", "long_answer": "Although large-scale use of wheels did not occur in the Americas prior to European contact, numerous small wheeled artifacts, identified as children's toys, have been found in Mexican archeological sites, some dating to about 1500 BC. It is thought that the primary obstacle to large-scale development of the wheel in the Americas was the absence of domesticated large animals which could be used to pull wheeled carriages. The closest relative of cattle present in Americas in pre-Columbian times, the American Bison, is difficult to domesticate and was never domesticated by Native Americans; several horse species existed until about 12,000 years ago, but ultimately became extinct. The only large animal that was domesticated in the Western hemisphere, the llama, did not spread far beyond the Andes by the time of the arrival of Columbus.", "chunked_long_answer": "Although large-scale use of wheels did not occur in the Americas prior to European contact, numerous small wheeled artifacts, identified as children's toys, have been found in Mexican archeological sites, some dating to about 1500 BC. It is thought that the primary obstacle to large-scale development of the wheel in the Americas was the absence of domesticated large animals which could be used to pull wheeled carriages. The closest relative of cattle present in Americas in pre-Columbian times, the American Bison, is difficult to domesticate and was never domesticated by Native Americans; several horse species existed until about 12,000 years", "short_answers": [ "about 1500 BC" ] }
most home runs by 2 teammates in a season	[ "115", "a combined 115 home runs", "Roger Maris", "Mickey Mantle" ]	[ { "title": "50 home run club", "text": "The New York Yankees are the only franchise to have five players reach the milestone while on their roster: Ruth, Mickey Mantle, Roger Maris, Alex Rodriguez, and Aaron Judge. Ten players are also members of the 500 home run club and two of them (Willie Mays and Rodrig...	{ "title": "50 home run club", "long_answer": "In total, 29 players have reached the 50 home run club in MLB history and nine have done so more than once. Of these, seventeen were right-handed batters, eleven were left-handed, and one was a switch hitter, meaning he could bat from either side of the plate. Four of these players (including two active members of the 50 home run club) have played for only one major league team. The New York Yankees are the only franchise to have five players reach the milestone while on their roster: Ruth, Mickey Mantle, Roger Maris, Alex Rodriguez, and Aaron Judge. Ten players are also members of the 500 home run club and two of them (Willie Mays and Rodriguez) are also members of the 3,000 hit club. Ten players won the Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award in the same year as their 50 home run season. Mantle is the only player to have earned the Major League Triple Crown alongside achieving 50 home runs, leading both leagues in batting average, home runs and runs batted in (RBI). Mantle and Maris—collectively known as the M&M Boys—are the only teammates to reach the 50 home run club in the same season, hitting a combined 115 home runs in 1961 and breaking the single-season record for home runs by a pair of teammates. Albert Belle is the only player to amass 50 or more doubles in addition to attaining 50 home runs. Prince Fielder, at 23 years and 139 days, was the youngest player to reach the milestone while Bonds, at age 37, was the oldest.", "chunked_long_answer": "The New York Yankees are the only franchise to have five players reach the milestone while on their roster: Ruth, Mickey Mantle, Roger Maris, Alex Rodriguez, and Aaron Judge. Ten players are also members of the 500 home run club and two of them (Willie Mays and Rodriguez) are also members of the 3,000 hit club. Ten players won the Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award in the same year as their 50 home run season. Mantle is the only player to have earned the Major League Triple Crown alongside achieving 50 home runs, leading both leagues in batting average, home runs and runs batted in (RBI). Mantle and Maris—collectively known as the M&M Boys—are the only teammates to reach the 50 home run club in the same season, hitting a combined 115 home runs in 1961 and breaking the single-season record for home runs by a pair of teammates. ", "short_answers": [ "115", "Mickey Mantle", "Roger Maris", "a combined 115 home runs" ] }
actor who plays dr avery on grey's anatomy	[ "Jesse Wesley Williams" ]	[ { "title": "Jesse Williams (actor)", "text": "Jesse Wesley Williams (born August 5, 1981) is an American actor, director, teacher and activist, best known for his role as Dr. Jackson Avery on the ABC Television series Grey's Anatomy. He also appeared in the 2013 film The Butler as civil rights leader Rev. ...	{ "title": "Jesse Williams (actor)", "long_answer": "Jesse Wesley Williams (born August 5, 1981) is an American actor, director, teacher and activist, best known for his role as Dr. Jackson Avery on the ABC Television series Grey's Anatomy. He also appeared in the 2013 film The Butler as civil rights leader Rev. James Lawson. His other roles have included Holden in The Cabin in the Woods (2012); Officer Eddie Quinlan in Brooklyn's Finest (2009); and Leo in The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2 (2008).", "chunked_long_answer": "Jesse Wesley Williams (born August 5, 1981) is an American actor, director, teacher and activist, best known for his role as Dr. Jackson Avery on the ABC Television series Grey's Anatomy. He also appeared in the 2013 film The Butler as civil rights leader Rev. James Lawson. His other roles have included Holden in The Cabin in the Woods (2012); Officer Eddie Quinlan in Brooklyn's Finest (2009); and Leo in The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants 2 (2008).", "short_answers": [ "Jesse Wesley Williams" ] }
who played buffy the vampire slayer in the movie	[ "Kristy Swanson" ]	[ { "title": "Buffy the Vampire Slayer (film)", "text": "High school senior Buffy Summers (Kristy Swanson) is introduced as a stereotypical \"popular girl\" at Hemery High School in Los Angeles whose main concerns are shopping and spending time with her rich, snooty friends and her boyfriend, Jeffrey. While ...	{ "title": "Buffy the Vampire Slayer (film)", "long_answer": "High school senior Buffy Summers (Kristy Swanson) is introduced as a stereotypical \"popular girl\" at Hemery High School in Los Angeles whose main concerns are shopping and spending time with her rich, snooty friends and her boyfriend, Jeffrey. While at school one day, she is approached by a man who calls himself Merrick (Donald Sutherland). He informs her that she is The Slayer, or Chosen One, destined to kill vampires, and he is a Watcher whose duty it is to guide and train her. She initially rebukes his claims, but is convinced that he is right when he is able to describe a recurring dream of hers in detail. In addition, Buffy is exhibiting uncanny abilities not known to her, including heightened agility, senses, and endurance, yet she repeatedly tries Merrick's patience with her frivolous nature, indifference to slaying and sharp-tongued remarks.", "chunked_long_answer": "High school senior Buffy Summers (Kristy Swanson) is introduced as a stereotypical \"popular girl\" at Hemery High School in Los Angeles whose main concerns are shopping and spending time with her rich, snooty friends and her boyfriend, Jeffrey. While at school one day, she is approached by a man who calls himself Merrick (Donald Sutherland). He informs her that she is The Slayer, or Chosen One, destined to kill vampires, and he is a Watcher whose duty it is to guide and train her. She initially rebukes his claims, but is convinced that he is right when he is able", "short_answers": [ "Kristy Swanson" ] }
who won season 2 of great british baking show	[ "Joanne Wheatley" ]	[ { "title": "The Great British Bake Off", "text": "All the Series 2 finalists were female: Holly Bell, Mary-Anne Boermans, and the winning contestant Joanne Wheatley.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Th...	{ "title": "The Great British Bake Off", "long_answer": "All the Series 2 finalists were female: Holly Bell, Mary-Anne Boermans, and the winning contestant Joanne Wheatley.", "chunked_long_answer": "All the Series 2 finalists were female: Holly Bell, Mary-Anne Boermans, and the winning contestant Joanne Wheatley.", "short_answers": [ "Joanne Wheatley" ] }
how long did the menendez brothers get in prison for killing their parents	[ "life imprisonment", "life" ]	[ { "title": "Lyle and Erik Menendez", "text": "During the trial, the brothers claimed that the murders stemmed from years of sexual and psychological abuse that they had suffered at the hands of their parents. They were first tried by two different juries (one for each brother). Both juries deadlocked which ...	{ "title": "Lyle and Erik Menendez", "long_answer": "During the trial, the brothers claimed that the murders stemmed from years of sexual and psychological abuse that they had suffered at the hands of their parents. They were first tried by two different juries (one for each brother). Both juries deadlocked which led to a mistrial. For the second trial, Erik and Lyle were judged by the same jury, who rejected the defense's claim. The brothers were sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.", "chunked_long_answer": "During the trial, the brothers claimed that the murders stemmed from years of sexual and psychological abuse that they had suffered at the hands of their parents. They were first tried by two different juries (one for each brother). Both juries deadlocked which led to a mistrial. For the second trial, Erik and Lyle were judged by the same jury, who rejected the defense's claim. The brothers were sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.", "short_answers": [ "life", "life imprisonment" ] }
who does marge's voice on the simpsons	[ "Julie Deborah Kavner" ]	[ { "title": "Julie Kavner", "text": "Julie Deborah Kavner (born September 7, 1950) is an American actress, voice actress and comedian. She first attracted notice for her role as Valerie Harper's character's younger sister Brenda in the sitcom Rhoda for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Su...	{ "title": "Julie Kavner", "long_answer": "Julie Deborah Kavner (born September 7, 1950) is an American actress, voice actress and comedian. She first attracted notice for her role as Valerie Harper's character's younger sister Brenda in the sitcom Rhoda for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. She is best known for her voice role as Marge Simpson on the animated television series The Simpsons. She also voices other characters for the show, including Jacqueline Bouvier, and Patty and Selma Bouvier.", "chunked_long_answer": "Julie Deborah Kavner (born September 7, 1950) is an American actress, voice actress and comedian. She first attracted notice for her role as Valerie Harper's character's younger sister Brenda in the sitcom Rhoda for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. She is best known for her voice role as Marge Simpson on the animated television series The Simpsons. She also voices other characters for the show, including Jacqueline Bouvier, and Patty and Selma Bouvier.", "short_answers": [ "Julie Deborah Kavner" ] }
what is the general structure of an url	[ "a protocol", "a hostname", "a file name" ]	[ { "title": "URL", "text": "Most web browsers display the URL of a web page above the page in an address bar. A typical URL could have the form http://www.example.com/index.html, which indicates a protocol (http), a hostname (www.example.com), and a file name (index.html).", "hasanswer": true, "isgol...	{ "title": "URL", "long_answer": "Most web browsers display the URL of a web page above the page in an address bar. A typical URL could have the form http://www.example.com/index.html, which indicates a protocol (http), a hostname (www.example.com), and a file name (index.html).", "chunked_long_answer": "Most web browsers display the URL of a web page above the page in an address bar. A typical URL could have the form http://www.example.com/index.html, which indicates a protocol (http), a hostname (www.example.com), and a file name (index.html).", "short_answers": [ "a hostname", "a file name", "a protocol" ] }
who owned the colts when they left baltimore	[ "Robert Irsay", "Irsay" ]	[ { "title": "Baltimore Colts relocation to Indianapolis", "text": "The Baltimore Colts relocation to Indianapolis was a successful effort by the then-owner of the Baltimore Colts (Robert Irsay) to move the American football team from Baltimore, Maryland to Indianapolis, Indiana. The team began play as the I...	{ "title": "Baltimore Colts relocation to Indianapolis", "long_answer": "The Baltimore Colts relocation to Indianapolis was a successful effort by the then-owner of the Baltimore Colts (Robert Irsay) to move the American football team from Baltimore, Maryland to Indianapolis, Indiana. The team began play as the Indianapolis Colts for the 1984 National Football League (NFL) season. The Colts' move was completely unannounced and occurred in the early hours of March 29, 1984, after years of lobbying for a new stadium to replace the inadequate Memorial Stadium. The franchise's move continues to embitter many Baltimore natives decades afterward, and would have a lasting impact on the NFL, including another controversial relocation twelve years later that resulted in Baltimore receiving its current NFL team, the Ravens.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Baltimore Colts relocation to Indianapolis was a successful effort by the then-owner of the Baltimore Colts (Robert Irsay) to move the American football team from Baltimore, Maryland to Indianapolis, Indiana. The team began play as the Indianapolis Colts for the 1984 National Football League (NFL) season. The Colts' move was completely unannounced and occurred in the early hours of March 29, 1984, after years of lobbying for a new stadium to replace the inadequate Memorial Stadium. The franchise's move continues to embitter many Baltimore natives decades afterward, and would have a lasting impact on the NFL, including another controversial", "short_answers": [ "Robert Irsay" ] }
who wrote the phantom of the opera music	[ "Andrew Lloyd Webber" ]	[ { "title": "The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)", "text": "The Phantom of the Opera is an operetta with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Charles Hart and Richard Stilgoe. Lloyd Webber and Stilgoe also wrote the operetta's book together. Based on the French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gasto...	{ "title": "The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)", "long_answer": "The Phantom of the Opera is an operetta with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Charles Hart and Richard Stilgoe. Lloyd Webber and Stilgoe also wrote the operetta's book together. Based on the French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux, its central plot revolves around a beautiful soprano, Christine Daaé, who becomes the obsession of a mysterious, disfigured musical genius living in the subterranean labyrinth beneath the Opera Populaire.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Phantom of the Opera is an operetta with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Charles Hart and Richard Stilgoe. Lloyd Webber and Stilgoe also wrote the operetta's book together. Based on the French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux, its central plot revolves around a beautiful soprano, Christine Daaé, who becomes the obsession of a mysterious, disfigured musical genius living in the subterranean labyrinth beneath the Opera Populaire.", "short_answers": [ "Andrew Lloyd Webber" ] }
when did the first movie of harry potter come out	[ "16 November 2001", "2001" ]	[ { "title": "Harry Potter (film series)", "text": "Harry Potter is a British-American film series based on the Harry Potter novels by author J. K. Rowling. The series is distributed by Warner Bros. and consists of eight fantasy films, beginning with Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) and culmina...	{ "title": "Harry Potter (film series)", "long_answer": "Harry Potter is a British-American film series based on the Harry Potter novels by author J. K. Rowling. The series is distributed by Warner Bros. and consists of eight fantasy films, beginning with Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) and culminating with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011). A spin-off prequel series will consist of five films, starting with Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016), marking the beginning of the Wizarding World shared media franchise.", "chunked_long_answer": "Harry Potter is a British-American film series based on the Harry Potter novels by author J. K. Rowling. The series is distributed by Warner Bros. and consists of eight fantasy films, beginning with Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) and culminating with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011). A spin-off prequel series will consist of five films, starting with Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016), marking the beginning of the Wizarding World shared media franchise.", "short_answers": [ "2001" ] }
where do secondary xylem and phloem cells arise from	[ "The vascular cambium", "the vascular cambium" ]	[ { "title": "Vascular cambium", "text": "Other names for the vascular cambium are the main cambium, wood cambium, or bifacial cambium. In more detail, the vascular cambium is a plant tissue located between the xylem and the phloem in the stems and roots of certain vascular plants. It is a cylinder of unspec...	{ "title": "Vascular cambium", "long_answer": "Other names for the vascular cambium are the main cambium, wood cambium, or bifacial cambium. In more detail, the vascular cambium is a plant tissue located between the xylem and the phloem in the stems and roots of certain vascular plants. It is a cylinder of unspecialized meristem cells that divide to form secondary vascular tissues. It is the source of both secondary xylem growth inwards towards the pith, and secondary phloem growth outwards to the bark. Unlike the xylem and phloem, it does not transport water, minerals or food through the plant.", "chunked_long_answer": "Other names for the vascular cambium are the main cambium, wood cambium, or bifacial cambium. In more detail, the vascular cambium is a plant tissue located between the xylem and the phloem in the stems and roots of certain vascular plants. It is a cylinder of unspecialized meristem cells that divide to form secondary vascular tissues. It is the source of both secondary xylem growth inwards towards the pith, and secondary phloem growth outwards to the bark. Unlike the xylem and phloem, it does not transport water, minerals or food through the plant.", "short_answers": [ "the vascular cambium", "the vascular cambium" ] }
when did earth's atmosphere change due to living organisms	[ "around 2.45 billion years ago" ]	[ { "title": "Great Oxygenation Event", "text": "the beginning of which is commonly known in scientific media as the Great Oxidation Event (GOE, also called the Oxygen Catastrophe, Oxygen Crisis, Oxygen Holocaust, Oxygen Revolution, or Great Oxidation) was the biologically induced appearance of dioxygen (O2) ...	{ "title": "Great Oxygenation Event", "long_answer": "The Great Oxygenation Event, the beginning of which is commonly known in scientific media as the Great Oxidation Event (GOE, also called the Oxygen Catastrophe, Oxygen Crisis, Oxygen Holocaust, Oxygen Revolution, or Great Oxidation) was the biologically induced appearance of dioxygen (O2) in Earth's atmosphere. Geological, isotopic, and chemical evidence suggest that this major environmental change happened around 2.45 billion years ago (2.45 Ga), during the Siderian period, at the beginning of the Proterozoic eon. The causes of the event are not clear. The current geochemical and biomarker evidence for the development of oxygenic photosynthesis before the Great Oxidation Event has been mostly inconclusive.", "chunked_long_answer": "the beginning of which is commonly known in scientific media as the Great Oxidation Event (GOE, also called the Oxygen Catastrophe, Oxygen Crisis, Oxygen Holocaust, Oxygen Revolution, or Great Oxidation) was the biologically induced appearance of dioxygen (O2) in Earth's atmosphere. Geological, isotopic, and chemical evidence suggest that this major environmental change happened around 2.45 billion years ago (2.45 Ga), during the Siderian period, at the beginning of the Proterozoic eon. The causes of the event are not clear. The current geochemical and biomarker evidence for the development of oxygenic photosynthesis before the Great Oxidation Event has been mostly inconclusive.", "short_answers": [ "around 2.45 billion years ago" ] }
where was the first sonic drive in located	[ "Woodward, Oklahoma" ]	[ { "title": "Sonic Drive-In", "text": "the customers order from speakers at their cars, with carhops delivering the food to the cars. Smith borrowed several automobiles from a friend who owned a used-car lot to establish a layout for controlled parking. He also had some so-called \"jukebox boys\" come in and...	{ "title": "Sonic Drive-In", "long_answer": "Originally, Top Hat customers would park their automobiles anywhere on the gravel parking lot and walk up to place their orders. However, on a trip to Louisiana, Smith saw a drive-in that used speakers for ordering. He suspected that he could increase his sales by controlling the parking and having the customers order from speakers at their cars, with carhops delivering the food to the cars. Smith borrowed several automobiles from a friend who owned a used-car lot to establish a layout for controlled parking. He also had some so-called \"jukebox boys\" come in and wire an intercom system in the parking lot. Sales immediately tripled. Charles Woodrow Pappe, an entrepreneur, chanced upon the Shawnee drive-in and was impressed. He and Smith negotiated the first franchise location in Woodward, Oklahoma, in 1956, based on nothing more than a handshake. By 1958, two more drive-ins were built, in Enid and Stillwater.", "chunked_long_answer": "the customers order from speakers at their cars, with carhops delivering the food to the cars. Smith borrowed several automobiles from a friend who owned a used-car lot to establish a layout for controlled parking. He also had some so-called \"jukebox boys\" come in and wire an intercom system in the parking lot. Sales immediately tripled. Charles Woodrow Pappe, an entrepreneur, chanced upon the Shawnee drive-in and was impressed. He and Smith negotiated the first franchise location in Woodward, Oklahoma, in 1956, based on nothing more than a handshake. By 1958, two more drive-ins were built, in Enid and Stillwater.", "short_answers": [ "Woodward, Oklahoma" ] }
where is the battle of britain flight based	[ "RAF Coningsby in Lincolnshire" ]	[ { "title": "Battle of Britain Memorial Flight", "text": "The flight is administratively part of No. 1 Group RAF, flying out of RAF Coningsby in Lincolnshire.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Battle of ...	{ "title": "Battle of Britain Memorial Flight", "long_answer": "The flight is administratively part of No. 1 Group RAF, flying out of RAF Coningsby in Lincolnshire.", "chunked_long_answer": "The flight is administratively part of No. 1 Group RAF, flying out of RAF Coningsby in Lincolnshire.", "short_answers": [ "RAF Coningsby in Lincolnshire" ] }
when is i can only imagine coming out	[ "March 16, 2018" ]	[ { "title": "I Can Only Imagine (film)", "text": "I Can Only Imagine was released in the United States on March 16, 2018. It has grossed $80 million worldwide against a production budget of $7 million, and is the third highest-grossing music biopic of all-time in the United States. Some critics praised it a...	{ "title": "I Can Only Imagine (film)", "long_answer": "I Can Only Imagine was released in the United States on March 16, 2018. It has grossed $80 million worldwide against a production budget of $7 million, and is the third highest-grossing music biopic of all-time in the United States. Some critics praised it as inspiring and noted it as an improvement compared to other faith-based films, while others called it flat and by-the-numbers.", "chunked_long_answer": "I Can Only Imagine was released in the United States on March 16, 2018. It has grossed $80 million worldwide against a production budget of $7 million, and is the third highest-grossing music biopic of all-time in the United States. Some critics praised it as inspiring and noted it as an improvement compared to other faith-based films, while others called it flat and by-the-numbers.", "short_answers": [ "March 16, 2018" ] }