id string | question string | answer string | documents list |
|---|---|---|---|
1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene_2980212 | Reconstruct the content from the article about '1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene'. | 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (commonly called Sanger's reagent, dinitrofluorobenzene, DNFB or FDNB) is a chemical that reacts with the N-terminal amino acid of polypeptides. This can be helpful for sequencing proteins. | [
"1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene — Preparation\n\nSynthesis Sanger's reagent.svg In 1936, Gottlieb presented a synthesis in which 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene reacted with potassium fluoride (KF) in nitrobenzene:",
"1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene — Uses\n\nIn 1945, Frederick Sanger described its use for determining the N... |
1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene_2980215 | Describe the 'Uses' section of the article about '1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene'. | dansyl chloride and later aminopeptidases and carboxypeptidases) and other general methods for sequence determination (e.g., Edman degradation). Dinitrofluorobenzene reacts with the amine group in amino acids to produce dinitrophenyl-amino acids. These DNP-amino acids are moderately stable under acid hydrolysis conditi... | [
"1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene — Preparation\n\nSynthesis Sanger's reagent.svg In 1936, Gottlieb presented a synthesis in which 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene reacted with potassium fluoride (KF) in nitrobenzene:",
"1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene — Uses\n\nIn 1945, Frederick Sanger described its use for determining the N... |
1-Hexene_3417727 | What does the article about '1-Hexene' say regarding 'Production'? | twelve percent of distribution in the CP Chemicals and Idemitsu processes. An on purpose route to 1-hexene using ethylene trimerization was first brought on stream in Qatar in 2003 by Chevron-Phillips. A second plant was scheduled to start in 2011 in Saudi Arabia and a third planned for 2014 in the US. The Sasol proces... | [
"1-Hexene — Production\n\ntwelve percent of distribution in the CP Chemicals and Idemitsu processes. An on purpose route to 1-hexene using ethylene trimerization was first brought on stream in Qatar in 2003 by Chevron-Phillips. A second plant was scheduled to start in 2011 in Saudi Arabia and a third planned for 20... |
1-Hexene_3417726 | What information does the article about '1-Hexene' provide on 'Production'? | 1-Hexene is commonly manufactured by two general routes: (i) full-range processes via the oligomerization of ethylene and (ii) on-purpose technology. A minor route to 1-hexene, used commercially on smaller scales, is the dehydration of hexanol. Prior to the 1970s, 1-hexene was also manufactured by the thermal cracking ... | [
"1-Hexene — Production\n\ntwelve percent of distribution in the CP Chemicals and Idemitsu processes. An on purpose route to 1-hexene using ethylene trimerization was first brought on stream in Qatar in 2003 by Chevron-Phillips. A second plant was scheduled to start in 2011 in Saudi Arabia and a third planned for 20... |
1-Hexene_3417729 | Based on the article about '1-Hexene', describe the 'Hazards' section. | 1-Hexene is considered dangerous because in liquid and vapor form it is highly flammable and may be fatal if swallowed and enters airways. The widespread use of 1-hexene may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. The substance is toxic to aquatic organisms. | [
"1-Hexene — Production\n\ntwelve percent of distribution in the CP Chemicals and Idemitsu processes. An on purpose route to 1-hexene using ethylene trimerization was first brought on stream in Qatar in 2003 by Chevron-Phillips. A second plant was scheduled to start in 2011 in Saudi Arabia and a third planned for 20... |
1-Hexene_3417725 | What information does the article about '1-Hexene' provide? | 1-Hexene (hex-1-ene) is an organic compound with the formula C6H12. It is an alkene that is classified in industry as higher olefin and an alpha-olefin, the latter term meaning that the double bond is located at the alpha (primary) position, endowing the compound with higher reactivity and thus useful chemical properti... | [
"1-Hexene — Production\n\ntwelve percent of distribution in the CP Chemicals and Idemitsu processes. An on purpose route to 1-hexene using ethylene trimerization was first brought on stream in Qatar in 2003 by Chevron-Phillips. A second plant was scheduled to start in 2011 in Saudi Arabia and a third planned for 20... |
1-Hexene_3417728 | Explain what '1-Hexene' covers in the 'Applications' section. | The primary use of 1-hexene is as a comonomer in production of polyethylene. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) use approximately 2–4% and 8–10% of comonomers, respectively. Another significant use of 1-hexene is the production of the linear aldehyde heptanal via hydroformylati... | [
"1-Hexene — Production\n\ntwelve percent of distribution in the CP Chemicals and Idemitsu processes. An on purpose route to 1-hexene using ethylene trimerization was first brought on stream in Qatar in 2003 by Chevron-Phillips. A second plant was scheduled to start in 2011 in Saudi Arabia and a third planned for 20... |
1-Hexyne_2796742 | From the article on '1-Hexyne', restate the 'Uses' content. | 1-Hexyne is used for the production of complex molecules in the agrochemical, pharmaceutical, and perfumery industries. It is a component in cycloaddition reactions that produce substituted azides and isoindolinones. | [
"1-Hexyne — Uses\n\n1-Hexyne is used for the production of complex molecules in the agrochemical, pharmaceutical, and perfumery industries. It is a component in cycloaddition reactions that produce substituted azides and isoindolinones.",
"1-Hexyne — Reactions\n\n1-Hexyne also reacts with diethyl fumarate to prod... |
1-Hexyne_2796740 | Summarize the following section from the article on '1-Hexyne'. | 1-Hexyne (n-butylacetylene) is a hydrocarbon consisting of a straight six-carbon chain having a terminal alkyne. Its molecular formula is C6H10. It is a liquid at room temperature that is colorless or pale yellow in appearance. | [
"1-Hexyne — Uses\n\n1-Hexyne is used for the production of complex molecules in the agrochemical, pharmaceutical, and perfumery industries. It is a component in cycloaddition reactions that produce substituted azides and isoindolinones.",
"1-Hexyne — Reactions\n\n1-Hexyne also reacts with diethyl fumarate to prod... |
1-Hydroxypyrene_27620520 | What information does the article about '1-Hydroxypyrene' provide on 'Relationship with smoking'? | Highly significant differences and dose-response relationships with regard to cigarettes smoked per day were found for 2-, 3- and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene and 1-hydroxypyrene, but not for 1-hydroxyphenanthrene. | [
"1-Hydroxypyrene — Relationship with smoking\n\nHighly significant differences and dose-response relationships with regard to cigarettes smoked per day were found for 2-, 3- and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene and 1-hydroxypyrene, but not for 1-hydroxyphenanthrene.",
"1-Hydroxypyrene — Biochemistry\n\nExperiments in pig sh... |
1-Hydroxypyrene_27620519 | What information does the article about '1-Hydroxypyrene' provide on 'Biochemistry'? | Experiments in pig show that urinary 1-hydroxypyrene is a metabolite of pyrene, when given orally. A Mycobacterium sp. strain isolated from mangrove sediments produced 1-hydroxypyrene during the degradation of pyrene. | [
"1-Hydroxypyrene — Relationship with smoking\n\nHighly significant differences and dose-response relationships with regard to cigarettes smoked per day were found for 2-, 3- and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene and 1-hydroxypyrene, but not for 1-hydroxyphenanthrene.",
"1-Hydroxypyrene — Biochemistry\n\nExperiments in pig sh... |
1-Ichi_30352568 | Reconstruct the content about 'Cast' from the article on '1-Ichi'. | Chisato Amate : Satomi ; Kōji Chihara : Onizame ; Yuki Oikawa : Nao ; Nao Omori : Ichi ; Teah : Mr Dai | [
"1-Ichi — Cast\n\nChisato Amate : Satomi ; Kōji Chihara : Onizame ; Yuki Oikawa : Nao ; Nao Omori : Ichi ; Teah : Mr Dai",
"1-Ichi\n\n1-Ichi (1-イチ-) is a 2003 Japanese direct-to-video crime action film directed by Masato Tanno.",
"1-Ichi — Plot\n\nDai is the best fighter in the school. Every time he fights, Shi... |
1-Ichi_30352567 | Reconstruct the content about 'Plot' from the article on '1-Ichi'. | Dai is the best fighter in the school. Every time he fights, Shiroishi is there with a big smile on his face. Dai thinks that Shiroishi is making fun of him, but in fact, he appreciates seeing all the violence that comes from fighting. Everybody bullies, makes fun of, and mocks Shiroishi, even the youngest on his karat... | [
"1-Ichi — Cast\n\nChisato Amate : Satomi ; Kōji Chihara : Onizame ; Yuki Oikawa : Nao ; Nao Omori : Ichi ; Teah : Mr Dai",
"1-Ichi\n\n1-Ichi (1-イチ-) is a 2003 Japanese direct-to-video crime action film directed by Masato Tanno.",
"1-Ichi — Plot\n\nDai is the best fighter in the school. Every time he fights, Shi... |
1-K_pot_28015052 | Describe the content of the article about '1-K pot'. | tends to cool. This technique is known as evaporative cooling. At atmospheric pressure, 4He (the more abundant isotope of helium) liquefies at 4.2 K. By employing evaporative cooling, temperatures down to 1 K can be easily produced. While this technique is fairly simple to operate, it is inefficient for large helium ba... | [
"1-K pot\n\ntends to cool. This technique is known as evaporative cooling. At atmospheric pressure, 4He (the more abundant isotope of helium) liquefies at 4.2 K. By employing evaporative cooling, temperatures down to 1 K can be easily produced. While this technique is fairly simple to operate, it is inefficient for... |
1-K_pot_28015051 | What information does the article about '1-K pot' provide? | A 1-K pot (i.e. 1-kelvin pot) is a cryogenic device used to attain temperatures down to approximately 1 kelvin. The 1-K pot is a small vessel in a cryogenic system that is filled with liquid helium. Usually it is a few cubic centimeters in size with a pickup-tube extending into the primary liquid helium bath of the dew... | [
"1-K pot\n\ntends to cool. This technique is known as evaporative cooling. At atmospheric pressure, 4He (the more abundant isotope of helium) liquefies at 4.2 K. By employing evaporative cooling, temperatures down to 1 K can be easily produced. While this technique is fairly simple to operate, it is inefficient for... |
1-K_pot_28015053 | Summarize the following section from the article on '1-K pot'. | simple cryogenic systems to cool objects down to 1 K, it is also fairly popular in more complicated cryogenic systems to bootstrap to lower temperatures. For example, in a 3He refrigerator, condensed 3He (a rare isotope of helium) is evaporatively cooled and can attain temperatures as low as 200 mK. But the 3He must be... | [
"1-K pot\n\ntends to cool. This technique is known as evaporative cooling. At atmospheric pressure, 4He (the more abundant isotope of helium) liquefies at 4.2 K. By employing evaporative cooling, temperatures down to 1 K can be easily produced. While this technique is fairly simple to operate, it is inefficient for... |
1-Lysophosphatidylcholine_1484167 | Based on the article about '1-Lysophosphatidylcholine', describe the 'Transport systems' section. | lethal microcephaly. MFSD2a has been shown to transport LPC-bound polyunsaturated fatty acids, including DHA and EPA, across the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers. In the human body, lysoPC (1-lysoPC and 2-lysoPC together) represent 5-20% of all phospholipids in the blood plasma. Taking care to control for the che... | [
"1-Lysophosphatidylcholine — Transport systems\n\nlethal microcephaly. MFSD2a has been shown to transport LPC-bound polyunsaturated fatty acids, including DHA and EPA, across the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers. In the human body, lysoPC (1-lysoPC and 2-lysoPC together) represent 5-20% of all phospholipids i... |
1-Lysophosphatidylcholine_1484160 | Reconstruct the content about 'Chemical properties' from the article on '1-Lysophosphatidylcholine'. | 1-LysoPC can convert to the structurally similar 2-lysoPC. This happens by the migration of the acyl group from the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone to the sn-2 position. The lowest rate of isomerization is at pH 4-5. Starting from either 1-lysoPC or 2-lysoPC, an equilibrium mixture of 90% 2-lysoPC and 10% 1-lyso... | [
"1-Lysophosphatidylcholine — Transport systems\n\nlethal microcephaly. MFSD2a has been shown to transport LPC-bound polyunsaturated fatty acids, including DHA and EPA, across the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers. In the human body, lysoPC (1-lysoPC and 2-lysoPC together) represent 5-20% of all phospholipids i... |
1-Lysophosphatidylcholine_1484159 | Describe the content of the article about '1-Lysophosphatidylcholine'. | 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines are a class of phospholipids that are intermediates in the metabolism of lipids. Because they result from the hydrolysis of an acyl group from the sn-1 position of phosphatidylcholine, they are also called 1-lysophosphatidylcholine (or 1-lysoPC, in short). The synthesis of phosphatid... | [
"1-Lysophosphatidylcholine — Transport systems\n\nlethal microcephaly. MFSD2a has been shown to transport LPC-bound polyunsaturated fatty acids, including DHA and EPA, across the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers. In the human body, lysoPC (1-lysoPC and 2-lysoPC together) represent 5-20% of all phospholipids i... |
1-Lysophosphatidylcholine_1484166 | What does the article about '1-Lysophosphatidylcholine' say regarding 'Transport systems'? | In the human body, 1-lysoPC that is made in the liver is carried by albumin in the blood plasma to various tissues where it is acylated to produce PC molecules with specific acyl groups. In the liver, 1-lysoPC is released by phospholipase A1 and is also formed by hepatic lipase. Albumin-bound 1-lysoPC is an important p... | [
"1-Lysophosphatidylcholine — Transport systems\n\nlethal microcephaly. MFSD2a has been shown to transport LPC-bound polyunsaturated fatty acids, including DHA and EPA, across the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers. In the human body, lysoPC (1-lysoPC and 2-lysoPC together) represent 5-20% of all phospholipids i... |
1-Lysophosphatidylcholine_1484163 | Based on the article about '1-Lysophosphatidylcholine', describe the 'As product of reactions' section. | a storage form of Vitamin A in various tissues, as well as a visual pigment precursor in the retina (see visual cycle). 1-LysoPC is also a by-product of the reaction in which N-arachidonoyl-1,2-diacyl-glycerol 3-phosphoethanolamine (NAPE) is produced. This is a rate-limiting step for the synthesis of anandamide and rel... | [
"1-Lysophosphatidylcholine — Transport systems\n\nlethal microcephaly. MFSD2a has been shown to transport LPC-bound polyunsaturated fatty acids, including DHA and EPA, across the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers. In the human body, lysoPC (1-lysoPC and 2-lysoPC together) represent 5-20% of all phospholipids i... |
1-Lysophosphatidylcholine_1484168 | Reconstruct the content about 'Transport systems' from the article on '1-Lysophosphatidylcholine'. | addition to transport across tissues in the body, there are transport systems within cells to transport 1-lysoPC from where it is synthesized, or where it is delivered from other tissues, to where it is needed. Most organisms have transfer proteins (type IV ATPases) to transport phospholipid across their cell membranes... | [
"1-Lysophosphatidylcholine — Transport systems\n\nlethal microcephaly. MFSD2a has been shown to transport LPC-bound polyunsaturated fatty acids, including DHA and EPA, across the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers. In the human body, lysoPC (1-lysoPC and 2-lysoPC together) represent 5-20% of all phospholipids i... |
1-Lysophosphatidylcholine_1484162 | Reconstruct the content about 'As product of reactions' from the article on '1-Lysophosphatidylcholine'. | 1-LysoPC can be produced from phosphatidylcholine by enzymes having phospholipase A1 activity, that is, enzymes hydrolyzing specifically at the sn-1 position of a phospholipid and releasing a fatty acid. Enzymes having phospholipase B activity hydrolyze both the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, so they produce both 1-lysoPC an... | [
"1-Lysophosphatidylcholine — Transport systems\n\nlethal microcephaly. MFSD2a has been shown to transport LPC-bound polyunsaturated fatty acids, including DHA and EPA, across the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers. In the human body, lysoPC (1-lysoPC and 2-lysoPC together) represent 5-20% of all phospholipids i... |
1-Lysophosphatidylcholine_1484161 | Describe the 'Metabolic reactions' section of the article about '1-Lysophosphatidylcholine'. | Because 1-lysoPC has a relatively short half-life (see above), it is primarily a metabolic intermediate or side-product in the formation or breakdown of other lipids. | [
"1-Lysophosphatidylcholine — Transport systems\n\nlethal microcephaly. MFSD2a has been shown to transport LPC-bound polyunsaturated fatty acids, including DHA and EPA, across the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers. In the human body, lysoPC (1-lysoPC and 2-lysoPC together) represent 5-20% of all phospholipids i... |
1-Lysophosphatidylcholine_1484164 | What information does the article about '1-Lysophosphatidylcholine' provide on 'As substrate of reactions'? | 1-lysoPC can be hydrolyzed further by lysophospholipases to lose the remaining fatty acid and yield L-1-glycero-3-phosphocholine. In humans, 1-lysoPC can be hydrolyzed by ten different enzymes: calcium-independent phospholipase A2-gamma (coded by the gene PNPLA8), neuropathy target esterase (PNPLA6), lysophospholipase ... | [
"1-Lysophosphatidylcholine — Transport systems\n\nlethal microcephaly. MFSD2a has been shown to transport LPC-bound polyunsaturated fatty acids, including DHA and EPA, across the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers. In the human body, lysoPC (1-lysoPC and 2-lysoPC together) represent 5-20% of all phospholipids i... |
1-Lysophosphatidylcholine_1484165 | From the article on '1-Lysophosphatidylcholine', restate the 'As substrate of reactions' content. | create a phosphatidylcholine molecule. This reaction is important for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine containing specific fatty acids, but are not used for the de-novo synthesis of phosphatidylcholine. In contrast to these finding from rat liver microsomes, mammalian acyl transferase from dog lungs was found to ex... | [
"1-Lysophosphatidylcholine — Transport systems\n\nlethal microcephaly. MFSD2a has been shown to transport LPC-bound polyunsaturated fatty acids, including DHA and EPA, across the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers. In the human body, lysoPC (1-lysoPC and 2-lysoPC together) represent 5-20% of all phospholipids i... |
1-Meg_Modem_25402440 | Summarize the following section from the article on '1-Meg Modem'. | The 1-Meg Modem in telecommunications was a DSL modem created by Nortel which conforms to the ADSL Lite standard. The 1-Meg Modem was the first xDSL modem to gain approval and registration under FCC Part 68 Rules. | [
"1-Meg Modem\n\nThe 1-Meg Modem in telecommunications was a DSL modem created by Nortel which conforms to the ADSL Lite standard. The 1-Meg Modem was the first xDSL modem to gain approval and registration under FCC Part 68 Rules.",
"1-Meg Modem — Technical details\n\nThe 1-Meg Modem can be deployed up to 18000 ft... |
1-Meg_Modem_25402441 | What does the article about '1-Meg Modem' say regarding 'Technical details'? | The 1-Meg Modem can be deployed up to 18000 ft from the central office providing a downstream bit rate of 960 kilobits per second (kbit/s) and a maximum upstream rate of 120 kbit/s over 24 gauge wire. The second generation could achieve a transfer rate of 1280 kbit/s downstream and 320 kbit/s upstream. Unlike most ADSL... | [
"1-Meg Modem\n\nThe 1-Meg Modem in telecommunications was a DSL modem created by Nortel which conforms to the ADSL Lite standard. The 1-Meg Modem was the first xDSL modem to gain approval and registration under FCC Part 68 Rules.",
"1-Meg Modem — Technical details\n\nThe 1-Meg Modem can be deployed up to 18000 ft... |
1-Meg_Modem_25402442 | Based on the article about '1-Meg Modem', describe the 'History' section. | At the time the modem was released on August 8, 1997, telephone companies were fearing competition from cable modems. However, early DSL technology was too costly for wide deployment. By October 1998 Nortel claimed more than $1 billion in sales which, in their words, had "the potential for more than one million end-use... | [
"1-Meg Modem\n\nThe 1-Meg Modem in telecommunications was a DSL modem created by Nortel which conforms to the ADSL Lite standard. The 1-Meg Modem was the first xDSL modem to gain approval and registration under FCC Part 68 Rules.",
"1-Meg Modem — Technical details\n\nThe 1-Meg Modem can be deployed up to 18000 ft... |
1-Methylcyclopropene_6658444 | What does the article about '1-Methylcyclopropene' say regarding 'Isomers'? | Methylcyclopropene can refer to either of two isomers, 1-methylcyclopropene covered in this article, or 3-methylcyclopropene which is not covered in this article. 2-methylcyclopropene would be an incorrect name for 1-methylcyclopropene. Also note: methylcyclopropane is yet a different chemical compound, which is a cycl... | [
"1-Methylcyclopropene — Isomers\n\nMethylcyclopropene can refer to either of two isomers, 1-methylcyclopropene covered in this article, or 3-methylcyclopropene which is not covered in this article. 2-methylcyclopropene would be an incorrect name for 1-methylcyclopropene. Also note: methylcyclopropane is yet a diffe... |
1-Methylcyclopropene_6658445 | Summarize the 'Mechanism of action' part of '1-Methylcyclopropene'. | Ethylene is a gas acting at trace levels (typically between a few tenths and a few thousands ppm in the gas atmosphere) throughout the life of a plant by stimulating or regulating various processes such as the ripening of climacteric fruit, the opening of flowers (dehiscence process), and the shedding of leaves (abscis... | [
"1-Methylcyclopropene — Isomers\n\nMethylcyclopropene can refer to either of two isomers, 1-methylcyclopropene covered in this article, or 3-methylcyclopropene which is not covered in this article. 2-methylcyclopropene would be an incorrect name for 1-methylcyclopropene. Also note: methylcyclopropane is yet a diffe... |
1-Methylcyclopropene_6658442 | Reconstruct the content from the article about '1-Methylcyclopropene'. | 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is a cyclopropene derivative used as a synthetic plant growth regulator. It is structurally related to the natural plant hormone ethylene and it is used commercially to slow down the ripening of fruit and to help maintain the freshness of cut flowers. | [
"1-Methylcyclopropene — Isomers\n\nMethylcyclopropene can refer to either of two isomers, 1-methylcyclopropene covered in this article, or 3-methylcyclopropene which is not covered in this article. 2-methylcyclopropene would be an incorrect name for 1-methylcyclopropene. Also note: methylcyclopropane is yet a diffe... |
1-Methylcyclopropene_6658446 | From the article on '1-Methylcyclopropene', restate the 'Commercial use' content. | 1-MCP is used commercially to maintain the freshness of ornamental plants and flowers and preventing the ripening of fruits. It is used in enclosed sites, such as coolers, truck trailers, greenhouses, storage facilities, and shipping containers. Under the brand name EthylBloc, 1-MCP was approved in by the U.S. Environm... | [
"1-Methylcyclopropene — Isomers\n\nMethylcyclopropene can refer to either of two isomers, 1-methylcyclopropene covered in this article, or 3-methylcyclopropene which is not covered in this article. 2-methylcyclopropene would be an incorrect name for 1-methylcyclopropene. Also note: methylcyclopropane is yet a diffe... |
1-Methylcyclopropene_6658443 | Summarize the 'Synthesis' part of '1-Methylcyclopropene'. | 1-Methylcyclopropene is synthesized by the reaction of methallyl chloride and phenyllithium, which functions as a base: The phenyllithium should be free of lithium halides. The corresponding reaction of allyl chloride and phenyllithium main affords cyclopropylbenzene. | [
"1-Methylcyclopropene — Isomers\n\nMethylcyclopropene can refer to either of two isomers, 1-methylcyclopropene covered in this article, or 3-methylcyclopropene which is not covered in this article. 2-methylcyclopropene would be an incorrect name for 1-methylcyclopropene. Also note: methylcyclopropane is yet a diffe... |
1-Methylimidazole_26837073 | Describe the content of the article about '1-Methylimidazole'. | 1-Methylimidazole or N-methylimidazole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound with the formula CH3C3H3N2. It is a colourless liquid that is used as a specialty solvent, a base, and as a precursor to some ionic liquids. It is a fundamental nitrogen heterocycle and as such mimics for various nucleoside bases as wel... | [
"1-Methylimidazole\n\n1-Methylimidazole or N-methylimidazole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound with the formula CH3C3H3N2. It is a colourless liquid that is used as a specialty solvent, a base, and as a precursor to some ionic liquids. It is a fundamental nitrogen heterocycle and as such mimics for vario... |
1-Methylimidazole_26837075 | Describe the 'Synthesis' section of the article about '1-Methylimidazole'. | (CHO)2 + CH2O + CH3NH2 + NH3 → H2C2N(NCH3)CH + 3 H2O H2C2N(NH)CH + CH3I → [H2C2(NH)(NCH3)CH]I ; [H2C2(NH)(NCH3)CH]I + NaOH → H2C2N(NCH3)CH + H2O + NaI 1-Methylimidazole is prepared mainly by two routes industrially. The main one is acid-catalysed methylation of imidazole by methanol. The second method involv... | [
"1-Methylimidazole\n\n1-Methylimidazole or N-methylimidazole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound with the formula CH3C3H3N2. It is a colourless liquid that is used as a specialty solvent, a base, and as a precursor to some ionic liquids. It is a fundamental nitrogen heterocycle and as such mimics for vario... |
1-Methylimidazole_26837078 | Summarize the 'Donor properties' part of '1-Methylimidazole'. | 1-methylimidazole (NMIz) as a ligand forms octahedral ions M(NMIz)62+with M = Fe, Co, Ni, and a square-planar ion Cu(NMIz)42+. 1-methylimidazole forms adducts with Lewis acids such as molybdenum perfluorobutyrate and [Rh(CO)2Cl]2. The donor properties of 1-methylimidazole have been analyzed by the ECW model yielding EB... | [
"1-Methylimidazole\n\n1-Methylimidazole or N-methylimidazole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound with the formula CH3C3H3N2. It is a colourless liquid that is used as a specialty solvent, a base, and as a precursor to some ionic liquids. It is a fundamental nitrogen heterocycle and as such mimics for vario... |
1-Methylimidazole_26837076 | What does the article about '1-Methylimidazole' say regarding 'Applications'? | In the research laboratory, 1-methylimidazole and related derivatives have been used as mimic aspects of diverse imidazole-based biomolecules. 1-Methylimidazole is also the precursor for the synthesis of the methylimidazole monomer of pyrrole-imidazole polyamides. These polymers can selectively bind specific sequences ... | [
"1-Methylimidazole\n\n1-Methylimidazole or N-methylimidazole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound with the formula CH3C3H3N2. It is a colourless liquid that is used as a specialty solvent, a base, and as a precursor to some ionic liquids. It is a fundamental nitrogen heterocycle and as such mimics for vario... |
1-Methylimidazole_26837077 | From the article on '1-Methylimidazole', restate the 'Ionic liquid precursor' content. | MeIm IL.png 2 MeC3N2H3 + C6H5PCl2 + 2 C2H5OH → 2 [MeC3N2H4]Cl + C6H5P(OC2H5)2 1-Methylimidazole alkylates to form dialkyl imidazolium salts. Depending on the alkylating agent and the counteranion, various ionic liquids result, e.g. 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ("BMIMPF6"): BASF has used 1-methylimida... | [
"1-Methylimidazole\n\n1-Methylimidazole or N-methylimidazole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound with the formula CH3C3H3N2. It is a colourless liquid that is used as a specialty solvent, a base, and as a precursor to some ionic liquids. It is a fundamental nitrogen heterocycle and as such mimics for vario... |
1-Methylimidazole_26837074 | Summarize the 'Basicity' part of '1-Methylimidazole'. | With the N-methyl group, this particular derivative of imidazole cannot tautomerize. It is slightly more basic than imidazole, as indicated by the pKa's of the conjugate acids of 7.0 and 7.4. Methylation also provides a significantly lower melting point, which makes 1-methylimidazole a useful solvent. | [
"1-Methylimidazole\n\n1-Methylimidazole or N-methylimidazole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound with the formula CH3C3H3N2. It is a colourless liquid that is used as a specialty solvent, a base, and as a precursor to some ionic liquids. It is a fundamental nitrogen heterocycle and as such mimics for vario... |
1-Methylnaphthalene_20594812 | What information does the article about '1-Methylnaphthalene' provide on 'Methylnaphthalene anion'? | With alkali metals, 1-methylnaphthalene forms radical anion salts such as sodium 1-methylnaphthalene. Compared to its structural analog sodium naphthalene, sodium 1-methylnaphthalene is more soluble, which is useful for low-temperature reductions. | [
"1-Methylnaphthalene — Methylnaphthalene anion\n\nWith alkali metals, 1-methylnaphthalene forms radical anion salts such as sodium 1-methylnaphthalene. Compared to its structural analog sodium naphthalene, sodium 1-methylnaphthalene is more soluble, which is useful for low-temperature reductions.",
"1-Methylnapht... |
1-Methylnaphthalene_20594811 | Reconstruct the content about 'Reference fuel' from the article on '1-Methylnaphthalene'. | 1-Methylnaphthalene defines the lower (zero) reference point of cetane number, a measure of diesel fuel ignition quality, as it has a long ignition delay (poor ignition qualities). In contrast, cetane, with its short ignition delay, defines the upper reference point at 100. In testing, isocetane (2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamet... | [
"1-Methylnaphthalene — Methylnaphthalene anion\n\nWith alkali metals, 1-methylnaphthalene forms radical anion salts such as sodium 1-methylnaphthalene. Compared to its structural analog sodium naphthalene, sodium 1-methylnaphthalene is more soluble, which is useful for low-temperature reductions.",
"1-Methylnapht... |
1-Methylnicotinamide_17841524 | Based on the article about '1-Methylnicotinamide', describe the 'Occurrence' section. | The highest natural concentration of 1-methylnicotinamide found so far is in the alga Undaria pinnatifida. 1-Methylnicotinamide is also present in the Judas' ear fungus and in green tea. | [
"1-Methylnicotinamide — Occurrence\n\nThe highest natural concentration of 1-methylnicotinamide found so far is in the alga Undaria pinnatifida. 1-Methylnicotinamide is also present in the Judas' ear fungus and in green tea.",
"1-Methylnicotinamide\n\n1-Methylnicotinamide (trigonellamide) is a prototypic organic ... |
1-Methylnicotinamide_17841523 | What information does the article about '1-Methylnicotinamide' provide? | 1-Methylnicotinamide (trigonellamide) is a prototypic organic cation. 1-Methylnicotinamide is the methylated amide of nicotinic acid (niacin, vitamin B3). 1-Methylnicotinamide is an endogenic substance that is produced in the liver when Nicotinamide is metabolized. It is a typical substance secreted in the kidney. | [
"1-Methylnicotinamide — Occurrence\n\nThe highest natural concentration of 1-methylnicotinamide found so far is in the alga Undaria pinnatifida. 1-Methylnicotinamide is also present in the Judas' ear fungus and in green tea.",
"1-Methylnicotinamide\n\n1-Methylnicotinamide (trigonellamide) is a prototypic organic ... |
1-Methylnicotinamide_17841526 | Explain what '1-Methylnicotinamide' covers in the 'Use' section. | For a long time, 1-methylnicotinamide was considered a biologically inactive metabolite of nicotinamide. However, various studies show antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective and vasoprotective properties. 1-Methylnicotinamide is an endogenous activator of prostacyclin synthesis and can therefore regulate t... | [
"1-Methylnicotinamide — Occurrence\n\nThe highest natural concentration of 1-methylnicotinamide found so far is in the alga Undaria pinnatifida. 1-Methylnicotinamide is also present in the Judas' ear fungus and in green tea.",
"1-Methylnicotinamide\n\n1-Methylnicotinamide (trigonellamide) is a prototypic organic ... |
1-Naphthaleneacetic_acid_17358272 | From the article on '1-Naphthaleneacetic acid', restate the 'Use and regulation' content. | NAA is a synthetic plant hormone in the auxin family and is an ingredient in many commercial plant rooting horticultural products; it is a rooting agent and used for the vegetative propagation of plants from stem and leaf cuttings. It is also used for plant tissue culture. The hormone NAA does not occur naturally, and,... | [
"1-Naphthaleneacetic acid — Use and regulation\n\nNAA is a synthetic plant hormone in the auxin family and is an ingredient in many commercial plant rooting horticultural products; it is a rooting agent and used for the vegetative propagation of plants from stem and leaf cuttings. It is also used for plant tissue c... |
1-Naphthaleneacetic_acid_17358274 | From the article on '1-Naphthaleneacetic acid', restate the 'Use and analysis' content. | ranging from 20–100 µg/mL. NAA present in the environment undergoes oxidation reactions with hydroxyl radicals and sulfate radicals. Radical reactions of NAA were studied using pulse radiolysis technique. Hydroxyl adduct radical was formed as the intermediate during the reaction of hydroxyl radical with NAA. The interm... | [
"1-Naphthaleneacetic acid — Use and regulation\n\nNAA is a synthetic plant hormone in the auxin family and is an ingredient in many commercial plant rooting horticultural products; it is a rooting agent and used for the vegetative propagation of plants from stem and leaf cuttings. It is also used for plant tissue c... |
1-Naphthaleneacetic_acid_17358271 | What information does the article about '1-Naphthaleneacetic acid' provide? | 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) is an organic compound with the formula C10H7CH2CO2H. This colorless solid is soluble in organic solvents. It features a carboxylmethyl group (CH2CO2H) linked to the "1-position" of naphthalene. | [
"1-Naphthaleneacetic acid — Use and regulation\n\nNAA is a synthetic plant hormone in the auxin family and is an ingredient in many commercial plant rooting horticultural products; it is a rooting agent and used for the vegetative propagation of plants from stem and leaf cuttings. It is also used for plant tissue c... |
1-Naphthaleneacetic_acid_17358273 | Based on the article about '1-Naphthaleneacetic acid', describe the 'Use and analysis' section. | NAA is widely used in agriculture for various purposes. It is considered to be only slightly toxic but when at higher concentrations it can be toxic to animals. This was shown when tested on rats via oral ingestion at 1000–5900 mg/kg. NAA has been shown to greatly increase cellulose fiber formation in plants when paire... | [
"1-Naphthaleneacetic acid — Use and regulation\n\nNAA is a synthetic plant hormone in the auxin family and is an ingredient in many commercial plant rooting horticultural products; it is a rooting agent and used for the vegetative propagation of plants from stem and leaf cuttings. It is also used for plant tissue c... |
1-Naphthol_14465679 | What information does the article about '1-Naphthol' provide on 'Occurrence and degradation'? | 1-Naphthol is a metabolite of the insecticide carbaryl and naphthalene. Along with TCPy, it has been shown to decrease testosterone levels in adult men. It biodegrades via formation of 1-naphthol-3,4-oxide, which converts to 1,4-naphthoquinone. | [
"1-Naphthol — Occurrence and degradation\n\n1-Naphthol is a metabolite of the insecticide carbaryl and naphthalene. Along with TCPy, it has been shown to decrease testosterone levels in adult men. It biodegrades via formation of 1-naphthol-3,4-oxide, which converts to 1,4-naphthoquinone.",
"1-Naphthol — Productio... |
1-Naphthol_14465678 | What information does the article about '1-Naphthol' provide on 'Production'? | C10H8 + HNO3 → C10H7NO2 + H2O ; C10H7NO2 + 3 H2 → C10H7NH2 + 2 H2O ; C10H7NH2 + H2O → C10H7OH + NH3 1-Naphthol is prepared by two main routes. In one method, naphthalene is nitrated to give 1-nitronaphthalene, which is hydrogenated to the amine followed by hydrolysis: Alternatively, naphthalene i... | [
"1-Naphthol — Occurrence and degradation\n\n1-Naphthol is a metabolite of the insecticide carbaryl and naphthalene. Along with TCPy, it has been shown to decrease testosterone levels in adult men. It biodegrades via formation of 1-naphthol-3,4-oxide, which converts to 1,4-naphthoquinone.",
"1-Naphthol — Productio... |
1-Naphthol_14465677 | Describe the content of the article about '1-Naphthol'. | 1-Naphthol, or α-naphthol, is a fluorescent organic compound with the formula C10H7OH. It is a white solid. It is an isomer of 2-naphthol differing by the location of the hydroxyl group on the naphthalene ring. The naphthols are naphthalene homologues of phenol, with the hydroxyl group being more reactive than in the p... | [
"1-Naphthol — Occurrence and degradation\n\n1-Naphthol is a metabolite of the insecticide carbaryl and naphthalene. Along with TCPy, it has been shown to decrease testosterone levels in adult men. It biodegrades via formation of 1-naphthol-3,4-oxide, which converts to 1,4-naphthoquinone.",
"1-Naphthol — Productio... |
1-Naphthol_14465680 | Summarize the 'Applications' part of '1-Naphthol'. | 1-Naphthol is a precursor to a variety of insecticides including carbaryl and pharmaceuticals including nadolol as well as for the antidepressant sertraline and the anti-protozoan therapeutic atovaquone. It undergoes azo coupling to give various azo dyes, but these are generally less useful than those derived from 2-na... | [
"1-Naphthol — Occurrence and degradation\n\n1-Naphthol is a metabolite of the insecticide carbaryl and naphthalene. Along with TCPy, it has been shown to decrease testosterone levels in adult men. It biodegrades via formation of 1-naphthol-3,4-oxide, which converts to 1,4-naphthoquinone.",
"1-Naphthol — Productio... |
1-Naphthylamine_6757500 | Explain what '1-Naphthylamine' covers in the 'Preparation and reactions' section. | It can be prepared by reducing 1-nitronaphthalene with iron and hydrochloric acid followed by steam distillation. Oxidizing agents, such as ferric chloride, give a blue precipitate with solutions of its salts. Chromic acid converts it into 1-naphthoquinone. Sodium in boiling amyl alcohol reduces the unsubstituted ring,... | [
"1-Naphthylamine — Safety\n\nIt is listed as one of the 13 carcinogens covered by the OSHA General Industry Standards.",
"1-Naphthylamine — Preparation and reactions\n\nIt can be prepared by reducing 1-nitronaphthalene with iron and hydrochloric acid followed by steam distillation. Oxidizing agents, such as ferri... |
1-Naphthylamine_6757499 | Reconstruct the content from the article about '1-Naphthylamine'. | 1-Naphthylamine is an aromatic amine derived from naphthalene. It can cause bladder cancer (transitional cell carcinoma). It crystallizes in colorless needles which melt at 50 °C. It possesses a disagreeable odor, sublimes readily, and turns brown on exposure to air. It is the precursor to a variety of dyes. | [
"1-Naphthylamine — Safety\n\nIt is listed as one of the 13 carcinogens covered by the OSHA General Industry Standards.",
"1-Naphthylamine — Preparation and reactions\n\nIt can be prepared by reducing 1-nitronaphthalene with iron and hydrochloric acid followed by steam distillation. Oxidizing agents, such as ferri... |
1-Naphthylamine_6757501 | Describe the 'Use in dyes' section of the article about '1-Naphthylamine'. | The sulfonic acid derivatives of 1-naphthylamine are used for the preparation of azo dye. These compounds possess the important property of dyeing unmordanted cotton. An important derivative is naphthionic acid (1-aminonaphthalene-4-sulfonic acid), which is produced by heating 1-naphthylamine and sulfuric acid to 170–1... | [
"1-Naphthylamine — Safety\n\nIt is listed as one of the 13 carcinogens covered by the OSHA General Industry Standards.",
"1-Naphthylamine — Preparation and reactions\n\nIt can be prepared by reducing 1-nitronaphthalene with iron and hydrochloric acid followed by steam distillation. Oxidizing agents, such as ferri... |
1-Nitropropane_29860128 | From the article on '1-Nitropropane', restate the 'Uses' content. | Most 1-nitropropane is used as a starting material for other compounds. The other uses are solvent-based paints, solvent-based inks and adhesives, and as a solvent for chemical reactions. | [
"1-Nitropropane — Uses\n\nMost 1-nitropropane is used as a starting material for other compounds. The other uses are solvent-based paints, solvent-based inks and adhesives, and as a solvent for chemical reactions.",
"1-Nitropropane — Reactions\n\n1-nitropropane decomposes under the influence of heat into toxic ga... |
1-Nitropropane_29860130 | Describe the 'Reactions' section of the article about '1-Nitropropane'. | 1-nitropropane decomposes under the influence of heat into toxic gases. It also reacts violently with oxidizing agents and strong bases. | [
"1-Nitropropane — Uses\n\nMost 1-nitropropane is used as a starting material for other compounds. The other uses are solvent-based paints, solvent-based inks and adhesives, and as a solvent for chemical reactions.",
"1-Nitropropane — Reactions\n\n1-nitropropane decomposes under the influence of heat into toxic ga... |
1-Nitropropane_29860127 | From the article on '1-Nitropropane', restate the 'Preparation' content. | 1-nitropropane is produced industrially by the reaction of propane and nitric acid. This reaction forms four nitroalkanes: nitromethane, nitroethane, 1-nitropropane, and 2-nitropropane. 1-nitropropane is also a byproduct of the process for making 2-nitropropane, which is done by vapour phase nitration of propane. | [
"1-Nitropropane — Uses\n\nMost 1-nitropropane is used as a starting material for other compounds. The other uses are solvent-based paints, solvent-based inks and adhesives, and as a solvent for chemical reactions.",
"1-Nitropropane — Reactions\n\n1-nitropropane decomposes under the influence of heat into toxic ga... |
1-Nitropropane_29860126 | Reconstruct the content from the article about '1-Nitropropane'. | 1-Nitropropane (1-NP) is a solvent. It is a colorless liquid, an isomer of 2-nitropropane (2-NP), and classified as a nitro compound. | [
"1-Nitropropane — Uses\n\nMost 1-nitropropane is used as a starting material for other compounds. The other uses are solvent-based paints, solvent-based inks and adhesives, and as a solvent for chemical reactions.",
"1-Nitropropane — Reactions\n\n1-nitropropane decomposes under the influence of heat into toxic ga... |
1-Nitropropane_29860129 | Based on the article about '1-Nitropropane', describe the 'Safety' section. | 1-nitropropane is toxic to humans and can cause damage to the kidneys and liver. The vapours are irritating for the lungs and eyes and the maximum exposure rate is 25 ppm. It is not known to be a carcinogen. | [
"1-Nitropropane — Uses\n\nMost 1-nitropropane is used as a starting material for other compounds. The other uses are solvent-based paints, solvent-based inks and adhesives, and as a solvent for chemical reactions.",
"1-Nitropropane — Reactions\n\n1-nitropropane decomposes under the influence of heat into toxic ga... |
1-OQA+19_15344228 | Describe the content of the article about '1-OQA+19'. | 1-OQA+19 is an album by Muhal Richard Abrams released on the Italian Black Saint label in 1977 which features performances by Abrams, Anthony Braxton, Henry Threadgill, Steve McCall and Leonard Jones. | [
"1-OQA+19\n\n1-OQA+19 is an album by Muhal Richard Abrams released on the Italian Black Saint label in 1977 which features performances by Abrams, Anthony Braxton, Henry Threadgill, Steve McCall and Leonard Jones.",
"1-OQA+19 — Track listing\n\nRecorded in November–December 1977 at Generation Sound Studios, New Y... |
1-OQA+19_15344231 | From the article on '1-OQA+19', restate the 'Personnel' content. | Muhal Richard Abrams: piano, synthesizer, voice ; Henry Threadgill: alto saxophone, tenor saxophone, flute, voice ; Anthony Braxton: soprano saxophone, alto saxophone, flute, clarinet, voice ; Leonard Jones: bass, voice ; Steve McCall: drums, percussion, voice | [
"1-OQA+19\n\n1-OQA+19 is an album by Muhal Richard Abrams released on the Italian Black Saint label in 1977 which features performances by Abrams, Anthony Braxton, Henry Threadgill, Steve McCall and Leonard Jones.",
"1-OQA+19 — Track listing\n\nRecorded in November–December 1977 at Generation Sound Studios, New Y... |
1-Octacosanol_20330204 | Describe the 'Biological effects' section of the article about '1-Octacosanol'. | Octacosanol is the main component in the mixture policosanol. Octacosanol has been subject to preliminary study for its potential benefit for patients with Parkinson's disease. Studies have also found that octacosanol may inhibit the production of cholesterol. In mice, octacosanol reduces stress and restores stress-aff... | [
"1-Octacosanol — Chemistry\n\nOctacosanol is insoluble in water but freely soluble in low molecular-weight alkanes and in chloroform.",
"1-Octacosanol — Biological effects\n\nOctacosanol is the main component in the mixture policosanol. Octacosanol has been subject to preliminary study for its potential benefit f... |
1-Octacosanol_20330202 | Reconstruct the content from the article about '1-Octacosanol'. | 1-Octacosanol (also known as n-octacosanol, octacosyl alcohol, cluytyl alcohol, montanyl alcohol) is a straight-chain aliphatic 28-carbon primary fatty alcohol that is common in the epicuticular waxes of plants, including the leaves of many species of Eucalyptus, of most forage and cereal grasses, of Acacia, Trifolium,... | [
"1-Octacosanol — Chemistry\n\nOctacosanol is insoluble in water but freely soluble in low molecular-weight alkanes and in chloroform.",
"1-Octacosanol — Biological effects\n\nOctacosanol is the main component in the mixture policosanol. Octacosanol has been subject to preliminary study for its potential benefit f... |
1-Octanol_32442830 | From the article on '1-Octanol', restate the 'Uses' content. | With a flash point of 81 °C, 1-octanol is not seriously flammable, though its autoignition point is as low as 245 °C. 1-Octanol is mainly consumed as a precursor to perfumes. It has been examined for controlling essential tremor and other types of involuntary neurological tremors because evidence indicates it can relie... | [
"1-Octanol — Uses\n\nWith a flash point of 81 °C, 1-octanol is not seriously flammable, though its autoignition point is as low as 245 °C. 1-Octanol is mainly consumed as a precursor to perfumes. It has been examined for controlling essential tremor and other types of involuntary neurological tremors because eviden... |
1-Octanol_32442827 | What information does the article about '1-Octanol' provide? | 1-Octanol, also known as octan-1-ol, is the organic compound with the molecular formula CH3(CH2)7OH. It is a fatty alcohol. Many other isomers are also known generically as octanols. 1-Octanol is manufactured for the synthesis of esters for use in perfumes and flavorings. It has a pungent odor. Esters of octanol, such ... | [
"1-Octanol — Uses\n\nWith a flash point of 81 °C, 1-octanol is not seriously flammable, though its autoignition point is as low as 245 °C. 1-Octanol is mainly consumed as a precursor to perfumes. It has been examined for controlling essential tremor and other types of involuntary neurological tremors because eviden... |
1-Octanol_32442829 | Based on the article about '1-Octanol', describe the 'Water/octanol partitioning' section. | is the water/octanol partition coefficient. The values of a and b vary between papers, but Cleek & Bunge have reported the values a = 0, b = 0.74. Octanol and water are immiscible. The distribution of a compound between water and octanol is used to calculate the partition coefficient, P, of that molecule (often express... | [
"1-Octanol — Uses\n\nWith a flash point of 81 °C, 1-octanol is not seriously flammable, though its autoignition point is as low as 245 °C. 1-Octanol is mainly consumed as a precursor to perfumes. It has been examined for controlling essential tremor and other types of involuntary neurological tremors because eviden... |
1-Octanol_32442828 | Summarize the 'Preparation' part of '1-Octanol'. | Al(C2H5)3 + 9 C2H4 → Al(C8H17)3 ; Al(C8H17)3 + 3 O + 3 H2O → 3 HOC8H17 + Al(OH)3 Octanol is mainly produced industrially by the oligomerization of ethylene using triethylaluminium followed by oxidation of the alkylaluminium products. This route is known as the Ziegler alcohol synthesis. An idealized synthesis... | [
"1-Octanol — Uses\n\nWith a flash point of 81 °C, 1-octanol is not seriously flammable, though its autoignition point is as low as 245 °C. 1-Octanol is mainly consumed as a precursor to perfumes. It has been examined for controlling essential tremor and other types of involuntary neurological tremors because eviden... |
1-Octen-3-ol_20605979 | Describe the 'Health and safety' section of the article about '1-Octen-3-ol'. | Octenol is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a food additive. It is of moderate toxicity with an LD50 of 340 mg/kg. In an animal study, octenol has been found to disrupt dopamine homeostasis and may be an environmental agent involved in parkinsonism. | [
"1-Octen-3-ol — Health and safety\n\nOctenol is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a food additive. It is of moderate toxicity with an LD50 of 340 mg/kg. In an animal study, octenol has been found to disrupt dopamine homeostasis and may be an environmental agent involved in parkinsonism.",
"1-Oc... |
1-Octen-3-ol_20605977 | Explain what '1-Octen-3-ol' covers in the 'Natural occurrence' section. | Octenol is produced by several plants and fungi, including edible mushrooms and lemon balm. Octenol is formed during oxidative breakdown of linoleic acid. It is also a wine fault, defined as a cork taint, occurring in wines made with bunch rot contaminated grape. | [
"1-Octen-3-ol — Health and safety\n\nOctenol is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a food additive. It is of moderate toxicity with an LD50 of 340 mg/kg. In an animal study, octenol has been found to disrupt dopamine homeostasis and may be an environmental agent involved in parkinsonism.",
"1-Oc... |
1-Octen-3-ol_20605976 | Describe the content of the article about '1-Octen-3-ol'. | 1-Octen-3-ol, octenol for short and also known as mushroom alcohol, is a chemical that attracts biting insects such as mosquitoes. It is contained in human breath and sweat, and it was once believed that insect repellent DEET worked by blocking the insects' octenol odorant receptors. Recent evidence in Anopheles gambia... | [
"1-Octen-3-ol — Health and safety\n\nOctenol is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a food additive. It is of moderate toxicity with an LD50 of 340 mg/kg. In an animal study, octenol has been found to disrupt dopamine homeostasis and may be an environmental agent involved in parkinsonism.",
"1-Oc... |
1-Octene_324112 | Summarize the 'Synthesis' part of '1-Octene'. | In industry, 1-octene is commonly manufactured by two main routes: oligomerization of ethylene and by Fischer–Tropsch synthesis followed by purification. Another route to 1-octene that has been used commercially on a small scale is dehydration of alcohols. Prior to the 1970s, 1-octene was also manufactured by thermal c... | [
"1-Octene — Synthesis\n\nIn industry, 1-octene is commonly manufactured by two main routes: oligomerization of ethylene and by Fischer–Tropsch synthesis followed by purification. Another route to 1-octene that has been used commercially on a small scale is dehydration of alcohols. Prior to the 1970s, 1-octene was a... |
1-Octene_324111 | Describe the content of the article about '1-Octene'. | 1-Octene is an organic compound with a formula CH2CHC6H13. The alkene is classified as a higher olefin and alpha-olefin, meaning that the double bond is located at the alpha (primary) position, endowing this compound with higher reactivity and thus useful chemical properties. 1-Octene is one of the important linear alp... | [
"1-Octene — Synthesis\n\nIn industry, 1-octene is commonly manufactured by two main routes: oligomerization of ethylene and by Fischer–Tropsch synthesis followed by purification. Another route to 1-octene that has been used commercially on a small scale is dehydration of alcohols. Prior to the 1970s, 1-octene was a... |
1-Octene_324113 | Summarize the 'Synthesis' part of '1-Octene'. | to isolate 1-octene from a wide mixture of C8 hydrocarbons is practiced by Sasol, a South African oil and gas and petrochemical company. For commercial purposes, Sasol employs Fischer–Tropsch synthesis to make fuels from synthesis gas derived from coal and recovers 1-octene from these fuel streams, where the initial 1-... | [
"1-Octene — Synthesis\n\nIn industry, 1-octene is commonly manufactured by two main routes: oligomerization of ethylene and by Fischer–Tropsch synthesis followed by purification. Another route to 1-octene that has been used commercially on a small scale is dehydration of alcohols. Prior to the 1970s, 1-octene was a... |
1-Pentadecanol_15559467 | Explain what '1-Pentadecanol' covers in the 'Applications' section. | A 2018 computational chemistry study investigated possible uses of alcohol compounds as mycobactericidal disinfectants for the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The study computationally evaluated Gibbs free energy (∆G) for the molecular docking of alcohols C1 (methanol) to C15 (pentadecanol) as ligands of the Inh... | [
"1-Pentadecanol — Applications\n\nA 2018 computational chemistry study investigated possible uses of alcohol compounds as mycobactericidal disinfectants for the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The study computationally evaluated Gibbs free energy (∆G) for the molecular docking of alcohols C1 (methanol) to C1... |
1-Pentadecanol_15559460 | Summarize the following section from the article on '1-Pentadecanol'. | 1-Pentadecanol is an organic chemical compound classified as an alcohol. At room temperature, it is a white, flaky solid. It is a saturated long-chain fatty alcohol consisting of a pentadecane chain with a hydroxy group as substituent on one end. It is an achiral molecule (meaning that it has no mirror-image isomers). ... | [
"1-Pentadecanol — Applications\n\nA 2018 computational chemistry study investigated possible uses of alcohol compounds as mycobactericidal disinfectants for the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The study computationally evaluated Gibbs free energy (∆G) for the molecular docking of alcohols C1 (methanol) to C1... |
1-Pentadecanol_15559462 | Summarize the 'Properties' part of '1-Pentadecanol'. | "readily biodegradable and unlikely to bioaccumulate". They are not corrosive to carbon steel storage containers or process equipment, and are compatible with a variety of polymers; Shell recommends tetrafluoroethylene, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene and butyl rubber as gasketing materials. Ethylene propene-d... | [
"1-Pentadecanol — Applications\n\nA 2018 computational chemistry study investigated possible uses of alcohol compounds as mycobactericidal disinfectants for the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The study computationally evaluated Gibbs free energy (∆G) for the molecular docking of alcohols C1 (methanol) to C1... |
1-Pentadecanol_15559466 | What does the article about '1-Pentadecanol' say regarding 'Applications'? | 1-pentadecanol was found to have a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.78μg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 1.56μg/mL. In a 1995 paper by the same research group, the 0.78μg/mL MIC against P.acnes was replicated, and remained the lowest MIC against P.acnes among all primary alcohols tested (from ... | [
"1-Pentadecanol — Applications\n\nA 2018 computational chemistry study investigated possible uses of alcohol compounds as mycobactericidal disinfectants for the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The study computationally evaluated Gibbs free energy (∆G) for the molecular docking of alcohols C1 (methanol) to C1... |
1-Pentadecanol_15559461 | Based on the article about '1-Pentadecanol', describe the 'Properties' section. | 1-Pentadecanol is generally a stable compound. Like other long-chain primary alcohols, 1-pentadecanol exhibits low oral, skin and respiratory toxicity. However, it may be slightly to moderately irritating to the eyes and skin, and prolonged contact with undiluted alcohols can lead to defatting of the skin. Accordingly,... | [
"1-Pentadecanol — Applications\n\nA 2018 computational chemistry study investigated possible uses of alcohol compounds as mycobactericidal disinfectants for the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The study computationally evaluated Gibbs free energy (∆G) for the molecular docking of alcohols C1 (methanol) to C1... |
1-Pentadecanol_15559468 | Explain what '1-Pentadecanol' covers in the 'Applications' section. | and suggested as a "reference" for further development of receptor-targeted mycobactericidal agents. The properties of fluorinated 1-pentadecanols have been investigated as potential amphiphilic species for aiding adsorption of the pulmonary surfactant dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). DPPC, while contributing to ... | [
"1-Pentadecanol — Applications\n\nA 2018 computational chemistry study investigated possible uses of alcohol compounds as mycobactericidal disinfectants for the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The study computationally evaluated Gibbs free energy (∆G) for the molecular docking of alcohols C1 (methanol) to C1... |
1-Pentadecanol_15559464 | Describe the 'Production' section of the article about '1-Pentadecanol'. | The Shell corporation uses a proprietary process for the synthesis of 1-pentadecanol (referring to it by the trade name Neodol 5) via hydroformylation of olefins produced from ethylene. Small amounts of 1-pentadecanol have been found (using thin-layer chromatography and GC/MS) to naturally occur in the leaves of Solena... | [
"1-Pentadecanol — Applications\n\nA 2018 computational chemistry study investigated possible uses of alcohol compounds as mycobactericidal disinfectants for the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The study computationally evaluated Gibbs free energy (∆G) for the molecular docking of alcohols C1 (methanol) to C1... |
1-Pentadecanol_15559463 | Explain what '1-Pentadecanol' covers in the 'Properties' section. | long-chain alcohols, cooling further from the α-form, experience a solid-state transition into either a γ-form (with chains tilted to the basal plane normal) or a β-form (with vertical chains), 1-pentadecanol has been observed to exclusively assume the β-form when cooling, which it does at 311.5K. Differential thermal ... | [
"1-Pentadecanol — Applications\n\nA 2018 computational chemistry study investigated possible uses of alcohol compounds as mycobactericidal disinfectants for the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The study computationally evaluated Gibbs free energy (∆G) for the molecular docking of alcohols C1 (methanol) to C1... |
1-Phenylethanol_9339612 | Reconstruct the content from the article about '1-Phenylethanol'. | 1-Phenylethanol is the organic compound with the formula C6H5CH(OH)CH3. It is one of the most commonly available chiral alcohols. It is a colorless liquid with a mild gardenia-hyacinth scent. | [
"1-Phenylethanol\n\n1-Phenylethanol is the organic compound with the formula C6H5CH(OH)CH3. It is one of the most commonly available chiral alcohols. It is a colorless liquid with a mild gardenia-hyacinth scent.",
"1-Phenylethanol — Natural occurrence\n\n1-Phenylethanol is found in nature as a glycoside, together... |
1-Phenylethanol_9339613 | What does the article about '1-Phenylethanol' say regarding 'Natural occurrence'? | 1-Phenylethanol is found in nature as a glycoside, together with its hydrolase β-primeverosidase in tea (Camellia sinensis) flowers. It is also reportedly present in cranberries, grapes, chives, Scottish spearmint oil, cheeses, cognac, rum, white wine, cocoa, black tea, filbert, cloudberries, beans, mushrooms, and endi... | [
"1-Phenylethanol\n\n1-Phenylethanol is the organic compound with the formula C6H5CH(OH)CH3. It is one of the most commonly available chiral alcohols. It is a colorless liquid with a mild gardenia-hyacinth scent.",
"1-Phenylethanol — Natural occurrence\n\n1-Phenylethanol is found in nature as a glycoside, together... |
1-Phenylethanol_9339614 | Reconstruct the content about 'Synthesis' from the article on '1-Phenylethanol'. | Racemic 1-phenylethanol is produced by the reduction of acetophenone by sodium borohydride. Alternatively, benzaldehyde can be reacted with methylmagnesium chloride or similar organometallic compounds to afford racemic 1-phenylethanol. Asymmetric hydrogenation of acetophenone by Noyori catalysts proceeds quantitatively... | [
"1-Phenylethanol\n\n1-Phenylethanol is the organic compound with the formula C6H5CH(OH)CH3. It is one of the most commonly available chiral alcohols. It is a colorless liquid with a mild gardenia-hyacinth scent.",
"1-Phenylethanol — Natural occurrence\n\n1-Phenylethanol is found in nature as a glycoside, together... |
1-Propanol_6287542 | Summarize the 'Preparation' part of '1-Propanol'. | H2C=CH2 + CO + H2 → CH3CH2CH=O CH3CH2CH=O + H2 → CH3CH2CH2OH 1-Propanol is manufactured by catalytic hydrogenation of propionaldehyde. Propionaldehyde is produced via the oxo process by hydroformylation of ethylene using carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as cobalt octacarbonyl or a rhodium... | [
"1-Propanol — Preparation\n\nH2C=CH2 + CO + H2 → CH3CH2CH=O CH3CH2CH=O + H2 → CH3CH2CH2OH 1-Propanol is manufactured by catalytic hydrogenation of propionaldehyde. Propionaldehyde is produced via the oxo process by hydroformylation of ethylene using carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as... |
1-Propanol_6287540 | Describe the content of the article about '1-Propanol'. | 1-Propanol is a primary alcohol with the formula CH3CH2CH2OH and sometimes represented as PrOH or n-PrOH. It is a colorless liquid and an isomer of 2-propanol. It is formed naturally in small amounts during many fermentation processes and used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry, mainly for resins and cellulose... | [
"1-Propanol — Preparation\n\nH2C=CH2 + CO + H2 → CH3CH2CH=O CH3CH2CH=O + H2 → CH3CH2CH2OH 1-Propanol is manufactured by catalytic hydrogenation of propionaldehyde. Propionaldehyde is produced via the oxo process by hydroformylation of ethylene using carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as... |
1-Propanol_6287541 | Summarize the 'Chemical properties' part of '1-Propanol'. | 1-Propanol shows the normal reactions of a primary alcohol. Thus it can be converted to alkyl halides; for example red phosphorus and iodine produce n-propyl iodide in 80% yield, while PCl3 with catalytic ZnCl2 gives n-propyl chloride. Reaction with acetic acid in the presence of an H2SO4 catalyst under Fischer esterif... | [
"1-Propanol — Preparation\n\nH2C=CH2 + CO + H2 → CH3CH2CH=O CH3CH2CH=O + H2 → CH3CH2CH2OH 1-Propanol is manufactured by catalytic hydrogenation of propionaldehyde. Propionaldehyde is produced via the oxo process by hydroformylation of ethylene using carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as... |
1-Propanol_6287544 | What does the article about '1-Propanol' say regarding 'Propanol as fuel'? | 1-propanol has high octane number and is suitable for engine fuel usage. However, propanol is too expensive to use as a motor fuel. The research octane number (RON) of propanol is 118, and anti-knock index (AKI) is 108. | [
"1-Propanol — Preparation\n\nH2C=CH2 + CO + H2 → CH3CH2CH=O CH3CH2CH=O + H2 → CH3CH2CH2OH 1-Propanol is manufactured by catalytic hydrogenation of propionaldehyde. Propionaldehyde is produced via the oxo process by hydroformylation of ethylene using carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as... |
1-Propanol_6287543 | Summarize the 'Safety' part of '1-Propanol'. | 1-Propanol is thought to be similar to ethanol in its effects on the human body, but 2–4 times more potent. Oral LD50 in rats is 1870 mg/kg (compared to 7060 mg/kg for ethanol). It is metabolized into propionic acid. Effects include alcoholic intoxication and high anion gap metabolic acidosis. As of 2011, only one case... | [
"1-Propanol — Preparation\n\nH2C=CH2 + CO + H2 → CH3CH2CH=O CH3CH2CH=O + H2 → CH3CH2CH2OH 1-Propanol is manufactured by catalytic hydrogenation of propionaldehyde. Propionaldehyde is produced via the oxo process by hydroformylation of ethylene using carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as... |
1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate_dehydrogenase_25801688 | Based on the article about '1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase', describe the 'Structural studies' section. | As of late 2007, 14 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes, , , , , , , , , , , , , and. | [
"1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase — Structural studies\n\nAs of late 2007, 14 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes, , , , , , , , , , , , , and.",
"1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase\n\n(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + 2 H2O L -glutamate + NADH + H+ In... |
1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate_dehydrogenase_25801687 | Reconstruct the content from the article about '1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase'. | (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + 2 H2O L -glutamate + NADH + H+ In enzymology, a 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The three substrates of this enzyme are (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, NAD+, and H2O, whereas its three products are glutamate, NADH, and H+.... | [
"1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase — Structural studies\n\nAs of late 2007, 14 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes, , , , , , , , , , , , , and.",
"1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase\n\n(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NAD+ + 2 H2O L -glutamate + NADH + H+ In... |
1-Testosterone_1047173 | Describe the 'Derivatives' section of the article about '1-Testosterone'. | Two prohormones of 1-testosterone are 1-androstenediol and 1-androstenedione, the latter of which may be synthesized from stanolone acetate. Mesabolone is a ketal made from 1-testosterone. 1-Testosterone also is known to be used to synthesize mestanolone and metenolone. Methyl-1-testosterone is the 17α-methyl derivativ... | [
"1-Testosterone — Derivatives\n\nTwo prohormones of 1-testosterone are 1-androstenediol and 1-androstenedione, the latter of which may be synthesized from stanolone acetate. Mesabolone is a ketal made from 1-testosterone. 1-Testosterone also is known to be used to synthesize mestanolone and metenolone. Methyl-1-tes... |
1-Testosterone_1047171 | Reconstruct the content about 'Pharmacodynamics' from the article on '1-Testosterone'. | A 2006 study determined that 1-testosterone has a high androgenic and anabolic potency even without being metabolized, so it can be characterized as a typical anabolic steroid. 1-Testosterone binds in a manner that is highly selective to the androgen receptor (AR) and has a high potency to stimulate AR-dependent transa... | [
"1-Testosterone — Derivatives\n\nTwo prohormones of 1-testosterone are 1-androstenediol and 1-androstenedione, the latter of which may be synthesized from stanolone acetate. Mesabolone is a ketal made from 1-testosterone. 1-Testosterone also is known to be used to synthesize mestanolone and metenolone. Methyl-1-tes... |
1-Testosterone_1047170 | What information does the article about '1-Testosterone' provide? | 1-Testosterone (abbreviated and nicknamed as 1-Testo, 1-T), also known as δ1-dihydrotestosterone (δ1-DHT), as well as dihydroboldenone, is a synthetic anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) and a 5α-reduced derivative of boldenone (Δ1-testosterone). It differs from testosterone by having a 1(2)-double bond instead of a 4(5)... | [
"1-Testosterone — Derivatives\n\nTwo prohormones of 1-testosterone are 1-androstenediol and 1-androstenedione, the latter of which may be synthesized from stanolone acetate. Mesabolone is a ketal made from 1-testosterone. 1-Testosterone also is known to be used to synthesize mestanolone and metenolone. Methyl-1-tes... |
1-Tetralone_1833070 | Reconstruct the content about 'Reactions' from the article on '1-Tetralone'. | the α-methylene group is also exploited in the reaction of 1-tetralone with methanol at 270-290 °C, which produces via dehydrogenation and formation of the aromatic naphthalene ring system 2-methyl-1-naphthol in 66% yield. The oxime of 1-tetralone reacts with acetic anhydride leading to aromatization of the cycloalkan... | [
"1-Tetralone — Reactions\n\nthe α-methylene group is also exploited in the reaction of 1-tetralone with methanol at 270-290 °C, which produces via dehydrogenation and formation of the aromatic naphthalene ring system 2-methyl-1-naphthol in 66% yield. The oxime of 1-tetralone reacts with acetic anhydride leading to... |
1-Tetralone_1833066 | Describe the content of the article about '1-Tetralone'. | 1-Tetralone is a bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and a ketone. In terms of its structure, it can also be regarded as benzo-fused cyclohexanone. It is a colorless oil with a faint odor. It is used as starting material for agricultural and pharmaceutical agents. The carbon skeleton of 1-tetralone is found in natural produc... | [
"1-Tetralone — Reactions\n\nthe α-methylene group is also exploited in the reaction of 1-tetralone with methanol at 270-290 °C, which produces via dehydrogenation and formation of the aromatic naphthalene ring system 2-methyl-1-naphthol in 66% yield. The oxime of 1-tetralone reacts with acetic anhydride leading to... |
1-Tetralone_1833068 | Summarize the 'By Friedel-Crafts reactions' part of '1-Tetralone'. | The starting compound 4-phenylbutanoic acid (whose sodium salt sodium phenylbutyrate is used to treat hyperammonaemia) is accessible from 3-benzoylpropanoic acid via catalytic hydrogenation, using a palladium contact catalyst. 3-Benzoylpropanoic acid itself can be obtained by a Haworth reaction (a variant of the Friede... | [
"1-Tetralone — Reactions\n\nthe α-methylene group is also exploited in the reaction of 1-tetralone with methanol at 270-290 °C, which produces via dehydrogenation and formation of the aromatic naphthalene ring system 2-methyl-1-naphthol in 66% yield. The oxime of 1-tetralone reacts with acetic anhydride leading to... |
1-Tetralone_1833071 | Summarize the 'Applications' part of '1-Tetralone'. | By far the most important application of 1-tetralone is in the synthesis of 1-naphthol by aromatization, e.g. upon contact with platinum catalysts at 200 to 450 °C. 1-Naphthol is the starting material for the insecticides carbaryl and the beta-blockers propranolol. | [
"1-Tetralone — Reactions\n\nthe α-methylene group is also exploited in the reaction of 1-tetralone with methanol at 270-290 °C, which produces via dehydrogenation and formation of the aromatic naphthalene ring system 2-methyl-1-naphthol in 66% yield. The oxime of 1-tetralone reacts with acetic anhydride leading to... |
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