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56e11d89e3433e1400422c21
When is it projected that the global navigation system will be finished?
by 2020
[ "BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System\n\nIn December 2011, Xinhua stated that \"[t]he basic structure of the Beidou system has now been established, and engineers are now conducting comprehensive system test and evaluation. The system will provide test-run services of positioning, navigation and time for China and th...
56e11d89e3433e1400422c22
As of December 2012, how many satellites had been launched for the BeiDou-2 system?
16
[ "BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System\n\nIn December 2011, Xinhua stated that \"[t]he basic structure of the Beidou system has now been established, and engineers are now conducting comprehensive system test and evaluation. The system will provide test-run services of positioning, navigation and time for China and th...
56e11d89e3433e1400422c23
Of the 16 satellites launched for the BeiDou-2 system, how many are operational?
14
[ "BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System\n\nIn December 2011, Xinhua stated that \"[t]he basic structure of the Beidou system has now been established, and engineers are now conducting comprehensive system test and evaluation. The system will provide test-run services of positioning, navigation and time for China and th...
56e11e2fcd28a01900c675fb
When was the Compass-M1 satellite launced?
2007
[ "BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System\n\nThe first satellite of the second-generation system, Compass-M1 was launched in 2007. It was followed by further nine satellites during 2009-2011, achieving functional regional coverage. A total of 16 satellites were launched during this phase." ]
56e11e2fcd28a01900c675fc
How many satellites were launched from 2009-2011?
nine
[ "BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System\n\nThe first satellite of the second-generation system, Compass-M1 was launched in 2007. It was followed by further nine satellites during 2009-2011, achieving functional regional coverage. A total of 16 satellites were launched during this phase." ]
56e11e2fcd28a01900c675fd
What was achieved by launching 9 additional satellites from 2009-2011?
functional regional coverage
[ "BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System\n\nThe first satellite of the second-generation system, Compass-M1 was launched in 2007. It was followed by further nine satellites during 2009-2011, achieving functional regional coverage. A total of 16 satellites were launched during this phase." ]
56e11e2fcd28a01900c675fe
How many satellites were launched since 2007?
16
[ "BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System\n\nThe first satellite of the second-generation system, Compass-M1 was launched in 2007. It was followed by further nine satellites during 2009-2011, achieving functional regional coverage. A total of 16 satellites were launched during this phase." ]
56e11f7bcd28a01900c6760d
When did the BeiDou system begin transitioning to global coverage?
2015
[ "BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System\n\nIn 2015, the system began its transition towards global coverage with the first launch of a new-generation of satellites, and the 17th one within the new system." ]
56e11f7bcd28a01900c6760e
How did the BeiDou system begin transitioning to global coverage?
with the first launch of a new-generation of satellites
[ "BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System\n\nIn 2015, the system began its transition towards global coverage with the first launch of a new-generation of satellites, and the 17th one within the new system." ]
56e1207fcd28a01900c6761f
When were the 18th and 19th satellites for the BeiDou system launched?
July 25, 2015
[ "BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System\n\nOn July 25, 2015, the 18th and 19th satellites were successfully launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, marking the first time for China to launch two satellites at once on top of a Long March 3B/Expedition-1 carrier rocket. The Expedition-1 is an independent upper...
56e1207fcd28a01900c67620
Where were the 18th and 19th satellites for the BeiDou system launched from?
the Xichang Satellite Launch Center
[ "BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System\n\nOn July 25, 2015, the 18th and 19th satellites were successfully launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, marking the first time for China to launch two satellites at once on top of a Long March 3B/Expedition-1 carrier rocket. The Expedition-1 is an independent upper...
56e1207fcd28a01900c67621
What were the 18th and 19th satellites for the BeiDou system launched with?
Long March 3B/Expedition-1 carrier rocket
[ "BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System\n\nOn July 25, 2015, the 18th and 19th satellites were successfully launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, marking the first time for China to launch two satellites at once on top of a Long March 3B/Expedition-1 carrier rocket. The Expedition-1 is an independent upper...
56e1207fcd28a01900c67622
What is the Expedition-1?
an independent upper stage capable of delivering one or more spacecraft into different orbits
[ "BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System\n\nOn July 25, 2015, the 18th and 19th satellites were successfully launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, marking the first time for China to launch two satellites at once on top of a Long March 3B/Expedition-1 carrier rocket. The Expedition-1 is an independent upper...
56e12219e3433e1400422c58
What will the three latest satellites provide after testing?
navigation services
[ "BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System\n\nThe three latest satellites will jointly undergo testing of a new system of navigation signaling and inter-satellite links, and start providing navigation services when ready." ]
56e12219e3433e1400422c59
What kind of testing will be performed on the three latest satellites?
testing of a new system of navigation signaling and inter-satellite links
[ "BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System\n\nThe three latest satellites will jointly undergo testing of a new system of navigation signaling and inter-satellite links, and start providing navigation services when ready." ]
56e12219e3433e1400422c5a
How many satellites will be used to test a new system of navigation signaling?
three
[ "BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System\n\nThe three latest satellites will jointly undergo testing of a new system of navigation signaling and inter-satellite links, and start providing navigation services when ready." ]
56e0f09d231d4119001ac476
What is the name for the rules issued by the heads of the Church?
Canon law
[ "Canon_law\n\nCanon law is the body of laws and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (Church leadership), for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church (both Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches), the Easte...
56e0f09d231d4119001ac477
In what type of religion are canon laws applicable?
Christian
[ "Canon_law\n\nCanon law is the body of laws and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (Church leadership), for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church (both Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches), the Easte...
56e0f09d231d4119001ac478
Which institutions make up the Catholic Church?
Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches
[ "Canon_law\n\nCanon law is the body of laws and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (Church leadership), for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church (both Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches), the Easte...
56e0f09d231d4119001ac479
What body was first responsible for creating canon?
church council
[ "Canon_law\n\nCanon law is the body of laws and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (Church leadership), for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church (both Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches), the Easte...
56e0f09d231d4119001ac47a
What does canon law consist of?
canons
[ "Canon_law\n\nCanon law is the body of laws and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (Church leadership), for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church (both Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches), the Easte...
56e0f150231d4119001ac480
What is the Greek term for canon?
kanon
[ "Canon_law\n\nGreek kanon / Ancient Greek: κανών, Arabic Qanun / قانون, Hebrew kaneh / קנה, \"straight\"; a rule, code, standard, or measure; the root meaning in all these languages is \"reed\" (cf. the Romance-language ancestors of the English word \"cane\")." ]
56e0f150231d4119001ac481
What is the Hebrew term for canon?
kaneh
[ "Canon_law\n\nGreek kanon / Ancient Greek: κανών, Arabic Qanun / قانون, Hebrew kaneh / קנה, \"straight\"; a rule, code, standard, or measure; the root meaning in all these languages is \"reed\" (cf. the Romance-language ancestors of the English word \"cane\")." ]
56e0f150231d4119001ac482
What is the Arabic term meaning canon?
Qanun
[ "Canon_law\n\nGreek kanon / Ancient Greek: κανών, Arabic Qanun / قانون, Hebrew kaneh / קנה, \"straight\"; a rule, code, standard, or measure; the root meaning in all these languages is \"reed\" (cf. the Romance-language ancestors of the English word \"cane\")." ]
56e0f150231d4119001ac483
What is the common definition of the word canon as it appears in Greek, Arabic and Hebrew?
reed
[ "Canon_law\n\nGreek kanon / Ancient Greek: κανών, Arabic Qanun / قانون, Hebrew kaneh / קנה, \"straight\"; a rule, code, standard, or measure; the root meaning in all these languages is \"reed\" (cf. the Romance-language ancestors of the English word \"cane\")." ]
56e0f150231d4119001ac484
Which English term is derived from the same root as the Greek, Arabic and Hebrew words for canon?
cane
[ "Canon_law\n\nGreek kanon / Ancient Greek: κανών, Arabic Qanun / قانون, Hebrew kaneh / קנה, \"straight\"; a rule, code, standard, or measure; the root meaning in all these languages is \"reed\" (cf. the Romance-language ancestors of the English word \"cane\")." ]
56e0f1e7231d4119001ac4a8
How many ancient canons exist in the Eastern Church?
eighty-five
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe Apostolic Canons or Ecclesiastical Canons of the Same Holy Apostles is a collection of ancient ecclesiastical decrees (eighty-five in the Eastern, fifty in the Western Church) concerning the government and discipline of the Early Christian Church, incorporated with the Apostolic Constitutions whic...
56e0f1e7231d4119001ac4a9
How many ancient canons exist in the Western Church?
fifty
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe Apostolic Canons or Ecclesiastical Canons of the Same Holy Apostles is a collection of ancient ecclesiastical decrees (eighty-five in the Eastern, fifty in the Western Church) concerning the government and discipline of the Early Christian Church, incorporated with the Apostolic Constitutions whic...
56e0f1e7231d4119001ac4aa
What is another term for Apostolic Canons?
Ecclesiastical Canons
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe Apostolic Canons or Ecclesiastical Canons of the Same Holy Apostles is a collection of ancient ecclesiastical decrees (eighty-five in the Eastern, fifty in the Western Church) concerning the government and discipline of the Early Christian Church, incorporated with the Apostolic Constitutions whic...
56e0f1e7231d4119001ac4ab
When was the First Council of Nicaea held?
325
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe Apostolic Canons or Ecclesiastical Canons of the Same Holy Apostles is a collection of ancient ecclesiastical decrees (eighty-five in the Eastern, fifty in the Western Church) concerning the government and discipline of the Early Christian Church, incorporated with the Apostolic Constitutions whic...
56e0f1e7231d4119001ac4ac
What is the Greek definition of κανὠν?
a rule
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe Apostolic Canons or Ecclesiastical Canons of the Same Holy Apostles is a collection of ancient ecclesiastical decrees (eighty-five in the Eastern, fifty in the Western Church) concerning the government and discipline of the Early Christian Church, incorporated with the Apostolic Constitutions whic...
56e0f2d87aa994140058e7ff
Who enforces canon law in Catholicism?
the Church's hierarchical authorities
[ "Canon_law\n\nIn the Catholic Church, canon law is the system of laws and legal principles made and enforced by the Church's hierarchical authorities to regulate its external organization and government and to order and direct the activities of Catholics toward the mission of the Church." ]
56e0f2d87aa994140058e800
What is the name for the collection of formal rules in Catholicism?
canon law
[ "Canon_law\n\nIn the Catholic Church, canon law is the system of laws and legal principles made and enforced by the Church's hierarchical authorities to regulate its external organization and government and to order and direct the activities of Catholics toward the mission of the Church." ]
56e0f2d87aa994140058e801
What does management of canon law aim to regulate?
external organization and government
[ "Canon_law\n\nIn the Catholic Church, canon law is the system of laws and legal principles made and enforced by the Church's hierarchical authorities to regulate its external organization and government and to order and direct the activities of Catholics toward the mission of the Church." ]
56e0f2d87aa994140058e802
What is canon law's purpose with respect to members of the Catholic Church?
order and direct the activities of Catholics toward the mission of the Church
[ "Canon_law\n\nIn the Catholic Church, canon law is the system of laws and legal principles made and enforced by the Church's hierarchical authorities to regulate its external organization and government and to order and direct the activities of Catholics toward the mission of the Church." ]
56e0f3907aa994140058e807
What is another name for the collections of other Catholic churches led by the Supreme Pontiff?
rites
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe Roman Catholic Church canon law also includes the main five rites (groups) of churches which are in full union with the Roman Catholic Church and the Supreme Pontiff:" ]
56e0f3907aa994140058e808
How many major rites exist?
five
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe Roman Catholic Church canon law also includes the main five rites (groups) of churches which are in full union with the Roman Catholic Church and the Supreme Pontiff:" ]
56e0f3907aa994140058e809
Who is the leader of the Roman Catholic Church?
the Supreme Pontiff
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe Roman Catholic Church canon law also includes the main five rites (groups) of churches which are in full union with the Roman Catholic Church and the Supreme Pontiff:" ]
56e0f3907aa994140058e80a
What term characterizes the intersection of the rites with the Roman Catholic Church?
full union
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe Roman Catholic Church canon law also includes the main five rites (groups) of churches which are in full union with the Roman Catholic Church and the Supreme Pontiff:" ]
56e0f3907aa994140058e80b
Which denomination is led by the Supreme Pontiff?
Roman Catholic
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe Roman Catholic Church canon law also includes the main five rites (groups) of churches which are in full union with the Roman Catholic Church and the Supreme Pontiff:" ]
56e0f5fc231d4119001ac4da
What are the permanent sources of positive ecclesiastical law?
immutable divine and natural law
[ "Canon_law\n\nIn the Roman Church, universal positive ecclesiastical laws, based upon either immutable divine and natural law, or changeable circumstantial and merely positive law, derive formal authority and promulgation from the office of pope, who as Supreme Pontiff possesses the totality of legislative, executi...
56e0f5fc231d4119001ac4db
What are the impermanent sources of positive ecclesiastical law?
changeable circumstantial and merely positive law
[ "Canon_law\n\nIn the Roman Church, universal positive ecclesiastical laws, based upon either immutable divine and natural law, or changeable circumstantial and merely positive law, derive formal authority and promulgation from the office of pope, who as Supreme Pontiff possesses the totality of legislative, executi...
56e0f5fc231d4119001ac4dc
What is given to the universal positive law of the Roman Catholic Church by its leader?
formal authority and promulgation
[ "Canon_law\n\nIn the Roman Church, universal positive ecclesiastical laws, based upon either immutable divine and natural law, or changeable circumstantial and merely positive law, derive formal authority and promulgation from the office of pope, who as Supreme Pontiff possesses the totality of legislative, executi...
56e0f5fc231d4119001ac4dd
What is the pope's official title?
Supreme Pontiff
[ "Canon_law\n\nIn the Roman Church, universal positive ecclesiastical laws, based upon either immutable divine and natural law, or changeable circumstantial and merely positive law, derive formal authority and promulgation from the office of pope, who as Supreme Pontiff possesses the totality of legislative, executi...
56e0f5fc231d4119001ac4de
What three divisions of power often found in government does the pope hold?
legislative, executive, and judicial
[ "Canon_law\n\nIn the Roman Church, universal positive ecclesiastical laws, based upon either immutable divine and natural law, or changeable circumstantial and merely positive law, derive formal authority and promulgation from the office of pope, who as Supreme Pontiff possesses the totality of legislative, executi...
56e0f735231d4119001ac4f6
What entity believes itself to have the longest standing internal mechanism of laws in Western Europe?
The Catholic Church
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe Catholic Church has what is claimed to be the oldest continuously functioning internal legal system in Western Europe, much later than Roman law but predating the evolution of modern European civil law traditions. What began with rules (\"canons\") adopted by the Apostles at the Council of Jerusal...
56e0f735231d4119001ac4f7
What is a legal system older than Catholic law?
Roman law
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe Catholic Church has what is claimed to be the oldest continuously functioning internal legal system in Western Europe, much later than Roman law but predating the evolution of modern European civil law traditions. What began with rules (\"canons\") adopted by the Apostles at the Council of Jerusal...
56e0f735231d4119001ac4f8
What is the term for laws produced at the Council of Jerusalem?
canons
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe Catholic Church has what is claimed to be the oldest continuously functioning internal legal system in Western Europe, much later than Roman law but predating the evolution of modern European civil law traditions. What began with rules (\"canons\") adopted by the Apostles at the Council of Jerusal...
56e0f735231d4119001ac4f9
When was the Council of Jerusalem held?
first century
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe Catholic Church has what is claimed to be the oldest continuously functioning internal legal system in Western Europe, much later than Roman law but predating the evolution of modern European civil law traditions. What began with rules (\"canons\") adopted by the Apostles at the Council of Jerusal...
56e0f735231d4119001ac4fa
Apart from the Old and New Testaments, which other cultures influenced canon?
Roman, Visigothic, Saxon, and Celtic
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe Catholic Church has what is claimed to be the oldest continuously functioning internal legal system in Western Europe, much later than Roman law but predating the evolution of modern European civil law traditions. What began with rules (\"canons\") adopted by the Apostles at the Council of Jerusal...
56e0f7c3231d4119001ac507
Which period followed the jus antiquum?
the jus novum
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe history of Latin canon law can be divided into four periods: the jus antiquum, the jus novum, the jus novissimum and the Code of Canon Law. In relation to the Code, history can be divided into the jus vetus (all law before the Code) and the jus novum (the law of the Code, or jus codicis)." ]
56e0f7c3231d4119001ac509
What is the most recent era of Latin canon law?
the Code of Canon Law
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe history of Latin canon law can be divided into four periods: the jus antiquum, the jus novum, the jus novissimum and the Code of Canon Law. In relation to the Code, history can be divided into the jus vetus (all law before the Code) and the jus novum (the law of the Code, or jus codicis)." ]
56e0f7c3231d4119001ac50a
What is the name for the time preceding the Code of Canon Law?
the jus vetus
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe history of Latin canon law can be divided into four periods: the jus antiquum, the jus novum, the jus novissimum and the Code of Canon Law. In relation to the Code, history can be divided into the jus vetus (all law before the Code) and the jus novum (the law of the Code, or jus codicis)." ]
56e0f8717aa994140058e845
In what ways did the Eastern Catholic Churches's legal systems vary from those of the west?
different disciplines and practices
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe canon law of the Eastern Catholic Churches, which had developed some different disciplines and practices, underwent its own process of codification, resulting in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches promulgated in 1990 by Pope John Paul II." ]
56e0f8717aa994140058e846
What led to the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches?
process of codification
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe canon law of the Eastern Catholic Churches, which had developed some different disciplines and practices, underwent its own process of codification, resulting in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches promulgated in 1990 by Pope John Paul II." ]
56e0f8717aa994140058e847
When was the law of the Eastern Catholic Churches promoted?
1990
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe canon law of the Eastern Catholic Churches, which had developed some different disciplines and practices, underwent its own process of codification, resulting in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches promulgated in 1990 by Pope John Paul II." ]
56e0f8717aa994140058e848
Who sponsored the promulgation of Eastern Catholic Church laws?
Pope John Paul II
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe canon law of the Eastern Catholic Churches, which had developed some different disciplines and practices, underwent its own process of codification, resulting in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches promulgated in 1990 by Pope John Paul II." ]
56e0f8717aa994140058e849
What was the name of the formal version of laws ruling the Eastern Catholic Churches?
the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe canon law of the Eastern Catholic Churches, which had developed some different disciplines and practices, underwent its own process of codification, resulting in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches promulgated in 1990 by Pope John Paul II." ]
56e0f9657aa994140058e84f
What profesional roles from secular law does the Catholic Church also employ?
lawyers, judges
[ "Canon_law\n\nIt is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C....
56e0f9657aa994140058e850
What is not present in the Catholic legal system as compared with non-religious law?
civilly-binding force
[ "Canon_law\n\nIt is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C....
56e0f9657aa994140058e851
What does J.C.B. stand for?
Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus
[ "Canon_law\n\nIt is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C....
56e0f9657aa994140058e852
What is the English equivalent of the term abbreviated by J.C.B.?
Bachelor of Canon Law
[ "Canon_law\n\nIt is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C....
56e0f9657aa994140058e853
What is the Latin term for Licentiate of Canon Law?
Juris Canonici Licentiatus
[ "Canon_law\n\nIt is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C....
56e0fb7b231d4119001ac530
What ancient law served as the precursor to the type of legislation seen in the Roman Catholics?
Roman Law Code of Justinian
[ "Canon_law\n\nMuch of the legislative style was adapted from the Roman Law Code of Justinian. As a result, Roman ecclesiastical courts tend to follow the Roman Law style of continental Europe with some variation, featuring collegiate panels of judges and an investigative form of proceeding, called \"inquisitorial\"...
56e0fb7b231d4119001ac531
What word characterizes the type of procedure found in American and British courts?
adversarial
[ "Canon_law\n\nMuch of the legislative style was adapted from the Roman Law Code of Justinian. As a result, Roman ecclesiastical courts tend to follow the Roman Law style of continental Europe with some variation, featuring collegiate panels of judges and an investigative form of proceeding, called \"inquisitorial\"...
56e0fb7b231d4119001ac532
What term characterizes the type of procedure used in Roman Church courts?
inquisitorial
[ "Canon_law\n\nMuch of the legislative style was adapted from the Roman Law Code of Justinian. As a result, Roman ecclesiastical courts tend to follow the Roman Law style of continental Europe with some variation, featuring collegiate panels of judges and an investigative form of proceeding, called \"inquisitorial\"...
56e0fb7b231d4119001ac533
What is the English meaning of inquirere?
to enquire
[ "Canon_law\n\nMuch of the legislative style was adapted from the Roman Law Code of Justinian. As a result, Roman ecclesiastical courts tend to follow the Roman Law style of continental Europe with some variation, featuring collegiate panels of judges and an investigative form of proceeding, called \"inquisitorial\"...
56e101c8cd28a01900c67419
What continent's laws developed alongside those of the Church?
Europe
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe institutions and practices of canon law paralleled the legal development of much of Europe, and consequently both modern civil law and common law (legal system) bear the influences of canon law. Edson Luiz Sampel, a Brazilian expert in canon law, says that canon law is contained in the genesis of ...
56e101c8cd28a01900c6741a
In which types of law can elements of canon law be seen?
modern civil law and common law
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe institutions and practices of canon law paralleled the legal development of much of Europe, and consequently both modern civil law and common law (legal system) bear the influences of canon law. Edson Luiz Sampel, a Brazilian expert in canon law, says that canon law is contained in the genesis of ...
56e101c8cd28a01900c6741b
Who stated that Church law can be seen in the growth of civil law institutions?
Edson Luiz Sampel
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe institutions and practices of canon law paralleled the legal development of much of Europe, and consequently both modern civil law and common law (legal system) bear the influences of canon law. Edson Luiz Sampel, a Brazilian expert in canon law, says that canon law is contained in the genesis of ...
56e101c8cd28a01900c6741c
What two regions does Sampel cite as examples of the influence of canon law?
Europe and Latin American
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe institutions and practices of canon law paralleled the legal development of much of Europe, and consequently both modern civil law and common law (legal system) bear the influences of canon law. Edson Luiz Sampel, a Brazilian expert in canon law, says that canon law is contained in the genesis of ...
56e101c8cd28a01900c6741d
What does Sampel claim had a great impact on?
contemporary society
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe institutions and practices of canon law paralleled the legal development of much of Europe, and consequently both modern civil law and common law (legal system) bear the influences of canon law. Edson Luiz Sampel, a Brazilian expert in canon law, says that canon law is contained in the genesis of ...
56e102b7cd28a01900c6742b
What school of thought serves as a model for canon theory?
Aristotelian-Thomistic
[ "Canon_law\n\nCanonical jurisprudential theory generally follows the principles of Aristotelian-Thomistic legal philosophy. While the term \"law\" is never explicitly defined in the Code, the Catechism of the Catholic Church cites Aquinas in defining law as \"...an ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgat...
56e102b7cd28a01900c6742c
Which philosopher is quoted by the Catechism?
Aquinas
[ "Canon_law\n\nCanonical jurisprudential theory generally follows the principles of Aristotelian-Thomistic legal philosophy. While the term \"law\" is never explicitly defined in the Code, the Catechism of the Catholic Church cites Aquinas in defining law as \"...an ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgat...
56e102b7cd28a01900c6742d
What word is not specifically given meaning in the Code of the Church?
law
[ "Canon_law\n\nCanonical jurisprudential theory generally follows the principles of Aristotelian-Thomistic legal philosophy. While the term \"law\" is never explicitly defined in the Code, the Catechism of the Catholic Church cites Aquinas in defining law as \"...an ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgat...
56e102b7cd28a01900c6742e
What does Aquinas define as the aim toward which law is working?
the common good
[ "Canon_law\n\nCanonical jurisprudential theory generally follows the principles of Aristotelian-Thomistic legal philosophy. While the term \"law\" is never explicitly defined in the Code, the Catechism of the Catholic Church cites Aquinas in defining law as \"...an ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgat...
56e102b7cd28a01900c6742f
What term expresses the idea of law derived from Aquinas as interpreted by the Catechism?
a rule of conduct
[ "Canon_law\n\nCanonical jurisprudential theory generally follows the principles of Aristotelian-Thomistic legal philosophy. While the term \"law\" is never explicitly defined in the Code, the Catechism of the Catholic Church cites Aquinas in defining law as \"...an ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgat...
56e1039be3433e1400422aa6
Prior to 1917, what church was in a similar situation as the Eastern Catholic Churches as regards its legal system?
the Latin or Western Church
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe law of the Eastern Catholic Churches in full union with Rome was in much the same state as that of the Latin or Western Church before 1917; much more diversity in legislation existed in the various Eastern Catholic Churches. Each had its own special law, in which custom still played an important p...
56e1039be3433e1400422aa7
What was different about the Eastern Churches compared with the Western?
more diversity in legislation
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe law of the Eastern Catholic Churches in full union with Rome was in much the same state as that of the Latin or Western Church before 1917; much more diversity in legislation existed in the various Eastern Catholic Churches. Each had its own special law, in which custom still played an important p...
56e1039be3433e1400422aa8
What was still a main factor in the Eastern Church laws?
custom
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe law of the Eastern Catholic Churches in full union with Rome was in much the same state as that of the Latin or Western Church before 1917; much more diversity in legislation existed in the various Eastern Catholic Churches. Each had its own special law, in which custom still played an important p...
56e1039be3433e1400422aa9
When did Pius XI announce his goal of codifying the law of all Eastern Churches?
1929
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe law of the Eastern Catholic Churches in full union with Rome was in much the same state as that of the Latin or Western Church before 1917; much more diversity in legislation existed in the various Eastern Catholic Churches. Each had its own special law, in which custom still played an important p...
56e1039be3433e1400422aaa
During what time period were the Codes for Eastern Churches made available, prior to the final version?
1949 through 1958
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe law of the Eastern Catholic Churches in full union with Rome was in much the same state as that of the Latin or Western Church before 1917; much more diversity in legislation existed in the various Eastern Catholic Churches. Each had its own special law, in which custom still played an important p...
56e1040ecd28a01900c6743d
When was the original Code of Canon Law published?
1917
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe first Code of Canon Law, 1917, was mostly for the Roman Rite, with limited application to the Eastern Churches. After the Second Vatican Council, (1962 - 1965), another edition was published specifically for the Roman Rite in 1983. Most recently, 1990, the Vatican produced the Code of Canons of th...
56e1040ecd28a01900c6743e
For which part of the Roman Catholic Church was the first Code published?
the Roman Rite
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe first Code of Canon Law, 1917, was mostly for the Roman Rite, with limited application to the Eastern Churches. After the Second Vatican Council, (1962 - 1965), another edition was published specifically for the Roman Rite in 1983. Most recently, 1990, the Vatican produced the Code of Canons of th...
56e1040ecd28a01900c6743f
During what years was the Second Vatican Council held?
1962 - 1965
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe first Code of Canon Law, 1917, was mostly for the Roman Rite, with limited application to the Eastern Churches. After the Second Vatican Council, (1962 - 1965), another edition was published specifically for the Roman Rite in 1983. Most recently, 1990, the Vatican produced the Code of Canons of th...
56e1040ecd28a01900c67440
For whom was a new edition of canon law released in 1983?
the Roman Rite
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe first Code of Canon Law, 1917, was mostly for the Roman Rite, with limited application to the Eastern Churches. After the Second Vatican Council, (1962 - 1965), another edition was published specifically for the Roman Rite in 1983. Most recently, 1990, the Vatican produced the Code of Canons of th...
56e1040ecd28a01900c67441
When was the first Code produced for Eastern Churches?
1990
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe first Code of Canon Law, 1917, was mostly for the Roman Rite, with limited application to the Eastern Churches. After the Second Vatican Council, (1962 - 1965), another edition was published specifically for the Roman Rite in 1983. Most recently, 1990, the Vatican produced the Code of Canons of th...
56e104b7e3433e1400422aca
What language is used by members of the Orthodox denomination?
Greek
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe Greek-speaking Orthodox have collected canons and commentaries upon them in a work known as the Pēdálion (Greek: Πηδάλιον, \"Rudder\"), so named because it is meant to \"steer\" the Church. The Orthodox Christian tradition in general treats its canons more as guidelines than as laws, the bishops a...
56e104b7e3433e1400422acb
What are the constituents of the Pēdálion?
canons and commentaries upon them
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe Greek-speaking Orthodox have collected canons and commentaries upon them in a work known as the Pēdálion (Greek: Πηδάλιον, \"Rudder\"), so named because it is meant to \"steer\" the Church. The Orthodox Christian tradition in general treats its canons more as guidelines than as laws, the bishops a...
56e104b7e3433e1400422acc
What does Pēdálion mean in English?
Rudder
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe Greek-speaking Orthodox have collected canons and commentaries upon them in a work known as the Pēdálion (Greek: Πηδάλιον, \"Rudder\"), so named because it is meant to \"steer\" the Church. The Orthodox Christian tradition in general treats its canons more as guidelines than as laws, the bishops a...
56e104b7e3433e1400422acd
Which Orthodox leaders are free to adapt canon as required?
bishops
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe Greek-speaking Orthodox have collected canons and commentaries upon them in a work known as the Pēdálion (Greek: Πηδάλιον, \"Rudder\"), so named because it is meant to \"steer\" the Church. The Orthodox Christian tradition in general treats its canons more as guidelines than as laws, the bishops a...
56e104b7e3433e1400422ace
Which groups do Orthodox scholars point to when defending their way of interpreting canon?
the Ecumenical Councils
[ "Canon_law\n\nThe Greek-speaking Orthodox have collected canons and commentaries upon them in a work known as the Pēdálion (Greek: Πηδάλιον, \"Rudder\"), so named because it is meant to \"steer\" the Church. The Orthodox Christian tradition in general treats its canons more as guidelines than as laws, the bishops a...
56e10f57cd28a01900c674ff
In what institution do church courts still have relevant functions in secular society?
the Church of England
[ "Canon_law\n\nIn the Church of England, the ecclesiastical courts that formerly decided many matters such as disputes relating to marriage, divorce, wills, and defamation, still have jurisdiction of certain church-related matters (e.g. discipline of clergy, alteration of church property, and issues related to churc...
56e10f57cd28a01900c67500
In what century did Saxons and Normans separate?
12th
[ "Canon_law\n\nIn the Church of England, the ecclesiastical courts that formerly decided many matters such as disputes relating to marriage, divorce, wills, and defamation, still have jurisdiction of certain church-related matters (e.g. discipline of clergy, alteration of church property, and issues related to churc...
56e10f57cd28a01900c67501
What type of law is not found in ecclesiastical systems in the modern day?
common law
[ "Canon_law\n\nIn the Church of England, the ecclesiastical courts that formerly decided many matters such as disputes relating to marriage, divorce, wills, and defamation, still have jurisdiction of certain church-related matters (e.g. discipline of clergy, alteration of church property, and issues related to churc...
56e10f57cd28a01900c67502
At which universities were canon law degrees abolished?
Oxford and Cambridge
[ "Canon_law\n\nIn the Church of England, the ecclesiastical courts that formerly decided many matters such as disputes relating to marriage, divorce, wills, and defamation, still have jurisdiction of certain church-related matters (e.g. discipline of clergy, alteration of church property, and issues related to churc...
56e10f57cd28a01900c67503
Who was responsible for banning canon law education from Oxford and Cambridge?
Henry VIII
[ "Canon_law\n\nIn the Church of England, the ecclesiastical courts that formerly decided many matters such as disputes relating to marriage, divorce, wills, and defamation, still have jurisdiction of certain church-related matters (e.g. discipline of clergy, alteration of church property, and issues related to churc...
56e1156fe3433e1400422bae
What is a term for the Church of England and churches that align with it?
the Anglican Communion
[ "Canon_law\n\nOther churches in the Anglican Communion around the world (e.g., the Episcopal Church in the United States, and the Anglican Church of Canada) still function under their own private systems of canon law." ]
56e1156fe3433e1400422baf
What is an example of a member of the Anglican Communion in America?
the Episcopal Church
[ "Canon_law\n\nOther churches in the Anglican Communion around the world (e.g., the Episcopal Church in the United States, and the Anglican Church of Canada) still function under their own private systems of canon law." ]
56e1156fe3433e1400422bb0
What is an example of a member of the Anglican Communion in Canada?
the Anglican Church of Canada
[ "Canon_law\n\nOther churches in the Anglican Communion around the world (e.g., the Episcopal Church in the United States, and the Anglican Church of Canada) still function under their own private systems of canon law." ]