id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
|---|---|---|---|
56e7b24637bdd419002c4390 | Under the deal, how many AFL playoff games did ESPN broadcast each year? | nine | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nOn December 19, 2006, ESPN announced the purchase of a minority stake in the AFL. This deal included television rights for the ESPN family of networks. ESPN would televise a minimum of 17 regular season games, most on Monday nights, and nine playoff games, including ArenaBowl XXI on ABC. T... |
56e7b28900c9c71400d7750d | Affiliates of what network broadcast Arizona Rattlers games? | Fox Sports | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nThe AFL also had a regional-cable deal with FSN, where FSN regional affiliates in AFL markets carried local team games. In some areas, such as with the Arizona Rattlers, Fox Sports affiliates still carry the games."
] |
56e7b28900c9c71400d7750e | What cable network did the AFL sign a regional contract with? | FSN | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nThe AFL also had a regional-cable deal with FSN, where FSN regional affiliates in AFL markets carried local team games. In some areas, such as with the Arizona Rattlers, Fox Sports affiliates still carry the games."
] |
56e7b2f200c9c71400d77511 | After a hiatus, in what year did the AFL begin operations again? | 2010 | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nAfter its return in 2010, the AFL had its national television deal with the NFL Network for a weekly Friday night game. All AFL games not on the NFL Network could be seen for free online, provided by Ustream."
] |
56e7b2f200c9c71400d77512 | What cable television network signed a broadcast deal with the AFL in 2010? | NFL Network | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nAfter its return in 2010, the AFL had its national television deal with the NFL Network for a weekly Friday night game. All AFL games not on the NFL Network could be seen for free online, provided by Ustream."
] |
56e7b2f200c9c71400d77513 | On what day would AFL games be shown on NFL Network? | Friday | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nAfter its return in 2010, the AFL had its national television deal with the NFL Network for a weekly Friday night game. All AFL games not on the NFL Network could be seen for free online, provided by Ustream."
] |
56e7b2f200c9c71400d77514 | What streaming service broadcast AFL games that were not on NFL Network? | Ustream | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nAfter its return in 2010, the AFL had its national television deal with the NFL Network for a weekly Friday night game. All AFL games not on the NFL Network could be seen for free online, provided by Ustream."
] |
56e7b2f200c9c71400d77515 | What was the cost to watch AFL games on Ustream? | free | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nAfter its return in 2010, the AFL had its national television deal with the NFL Network for a weekly Friday night game. All AFL games not on the NFL Network could be seen for free online, provided by Ustream."
] |
56e7b37437bdd419002c4396 | In what year did AFL games temporarily cease to be broadcast on NFL Network? | 2012 | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nThe NFL Network ceased airing Arena Football League games partway through the 2012 season as a result of ongoing labor problems within the league. Briefly, the games were broadcast on a tape delay to prevent the embarrassment that would result should the players stage a work stoppage immed... |
56e7b37437bdd419002c4397 | Why did the temporary cessation of game broadcasts occur? | ongoing labor problems | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nThe NFL Network ceased airing Arena Football League games partway through the 2012 season as a result of ongoing labor problems within the league. Briefly, the games were broadcast on a tape delay to prevent the embarrassment that would result should the players stage a work stoppage immed... |
56e7b37437bdd419002c4398 | Why did the NFL Network begin to broadcast games again? | the labor issues were resolved | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nThe NFL Network ceased airing Arena Football League games partway through the 2012 season as a result of ongoing labor problems within the league. Briefly, the games were broadcast on a tape delay to prevent the embarrassment that would result should the players stage a work stoppage immed... |
56e7b37437bdd419002c4399 | On what day was an AFL game broadcast live on NFL Network? | Friday | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nThe NFL Network ceased airing Arena Football League games partway through the 2012 season as a result of ongoing labor problems within the league. Briefly, the games were broadcast on a tape delay to prevent the embarrassment that would result should the players stage a work stoppage immed... |
56e7b37437bdd419002c439a | At what time of day was an AFL game shown on Fridays on NFL Network? | night | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nThe NFL Network ceased airing Arena Football League games partway through the 2012 season as a result of ongoing labor problems within the league. Briefly, the games were broadcast on a tape delay to prevent the embarrassment that would result should the players stage a work stoppage immed... |
56e7b3d237bdd419002c43a0 | Who was the AFL's 2013 national broadcast partner? | CBS Sports Network | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nFor the 2013 season, the league's new national broadcast partner was the CBS Sports Network. CBSSN would air 19 regular season games and two playoff games. CBS would also air the ArenaBowl, marking the first time since 2008 that the league's finale aired on network television. Regular seas... |
56e7b3d237bdd419002c43a1 | How many regular season games were shown by CBS Sports Network in 2013? | 19 | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nFor the 2013 season, the league's new national broadcast partner was the CBS Sports Network. CBSSN would air 19 regular season games and two playoff games. CBS would also air the ArenaBowl, marking the first time since 2008 that the league's finale aired on network television. Regular seas... |
56e7b3d237bdd419002c43a2 | How many 2013 playoff games did CBSSN broadcast? | two | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nFor the 2013 season, the league's new national broadcast partner was the CBS Sports Network. CBSSN would air 19 regular season games and two playoff games. CBS would also air the ArenaBowl, marking the first time since 2008 that the league's finale aired on network television. Regular seas... |
56e7b3d237bdd419002c43a3 | On what channel was the 2013 ArenaBowl broadcast? | CBS | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nFor the 2013 season, the league's new national broadcast partner was the CBS Sports Network. CBSSN would air 19 regular season games and two playoff games. CBS would also air the ArenaBowl, marking the first time since 2008 that the league's finale aired on network television. Regular seas... |
56e7b3d237bdd419002c43a4 | In 2013, on what day were Arena Football League games usually broadcast on CBS Sports Network? | Saturday | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nFor the 2013 season, the league's new national broadcast partner was the CBS Sports Network. CBSSN would air 19 regular season games and two playoff games. CBS would also air the ArenaBowl, marking the first time since 2008 that the league's finale aired on network television. Regular seas... |
56e7b45837bdd419002c43aa | Who was the Arena Football League's 2014 broadcast partner? | ESPN | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nStarting in 2014, ESPN returned to the AFL as broadcast partners, with weekly games being shown on CBS Sports Network, ESPN, ESPN2, ESPNEWS along with all games being broadcast on ESPN3 for free live on WatchESPN. ArenaBowl XXVII was also broadcast on ESPN. Most teams also have a local TV ... |
56e7b45837bdd419002c43ab | What app were Arena Football League games broadcast on in 2014? | WatchESPN | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nStarting in 2014, ESPN returned to the AFL as broadcast partners, with weekly games being shown on CBS Sports Network, ESPN, ESPN2, ESPNEWS along with all games being broadcast on ESPN3 for free live on WatchESPN. ArenaBowl XXVII was also broadcast on ESPN. Most teams also have a local TV ... |
56e7b45837bdd419002c43ac | Along with the ESPN networks, on what network were 2014 AFL games broadcast? | CBS Sports Network | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nStarting in 2014, ESPN returned to the AFL as broadcast partners, with weekly games being shown on CBS Sports Network, ESPN, ESPN2, ESPNEWS along with all games being broadcast on ESPN3 for free live on WatchESPN. ArenaBowl XXVII was also broadcast on ESPN. Most teams also have a local TV ... |
56e7b45837bdd419002c43ad | On what channel could one watch ArenaBowl XXVII live? | ESPN | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nStarting in 2014, ESPN returned to the AFL as broadcast partners, with weekly games being shown on CBS Sports Network, ESPN, ESPN2, ESPNEWS along with all games being broadcast on ESPN3 for free live on WatchESPN. ArenaBowl XXVII was also broadcast on ESPN. Most teams also have a local TV ... |
56e7b49e00c9c71400d7752f | What was the first Arena Football League video game? | Arena Football | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nThe first video game based on the AFL was Arena Football for the C-64 released in 1988. On May 18, 2000, Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed was released by Midway Games for the PlayStation game console. On February 7, 2006 EA Sports released Arena Football for the PlayStation 2 and Xbo... |
56e7b49e00c9c71400d77530 | For what system was the first Arena Football League video game released? | the C-64 | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nThe first video game based on the AFL was Arena Football for the C-64 released in 1988. On May 18, 2000, Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed was released by Midway Games for the PlayStation game console. On February 7, 2006 EA Sports released Arena Football for the PlayStation 2 and Xbo... |
56e7b49e00c9c71400d77531 | In what year was the first Arena Football League video game released? | 1988 | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nThe first video game based on the AFL was Arena Football for the C-64 released in 1988. On May 18, 2000, Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed was released by Midway Games for the PlayStation game console. On February 7, 2006 EA Sports released Arena Football for the PlayStation 2 and Xbo... |
56e7b49e00c9c71400d77532 | On what date was Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed released? | May 18, 2000 | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nThe first video game based on the AFL was Arena Football for the C-64 released in 1988. On May 18, 2000, Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed was released by Midway Games for the PlayStation game console. On February 7, 2006 EA Sports released Arena Football for the PlayStation 2 and Xbo... |
56e7b49e00c9c71400d77533 | Who made Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed? | Midway Games | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nThe first video game based on the AFL was Arena Football for the C-64 released in 1988. On May 18, 2000, Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed was released by Midway Games for the PlayStation game console. On February 7, 2006 EA Sports released Arena Football for the PlayStation 2 and Xbo... |
56e7b4f737bdd419002c43b2 | Who wrote War on the Floor: An Average Guy Plays in the Arena Football League and Lives to Write About It? | Jeff Foley | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nIn 2001, Jeff Foley published War on the Floor: An Average Guy Plays in the Arena Football League and Lives to Write About It. The book details a journalist's two preseasons (1999 and 2000) as an offensive specialist/writer with the now-defunct Albany Firebirds. The 5-foot-6 (170 cm), self... |
56e7b4f737bdd419002c43b3 | In what year was War on the Floor released? | 2001 | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nIn 2001, Jeff Foley published War on the Floor: An Average Guy Plays in the Arena Football League and Lives to Write About It. The book details a journalist's two preseasons (1999 and 2000) as an offensive specialist/writer with the now-defunct Albany Firebirds. The 5-foot-6 (170 cm), self... |
56e7b4f737bdd419002c43b4 | What team did Jeff Foley play for? | Albany Firebirds | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nIn 2001, Jeff Foley published War on the Floor: An Average Guy Plays in the Arena Football League and Lives to Write About It. The book details a journalist's two preseasons (1999 and 2000) as an offensive specialist/writer with the now-defunct Albany Firebirds. The 5-foot-6 (170 cm), self... |
56e7b4f737bdd419002c43b5 | How many games did Jeff Foley play in? | three | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nIn 2001, Jeff Foley published War on the Floor: An Average Guy Plays in the Arena Football League and Lives to Write About It. The book details a journalist's two preseasons (1999 and 2000) as an offensive specialist/writer with the now-defunct Albany Firebirds. The 5-foot-6 (170 cm), self... |
56e7b4f737bdd419002c43b6 | Along with 1999, in what preseason did Foley play for the Firebirds? | 2000 | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nIn 2001, Jeff Foley published War on the Floor: An Average Guy Plays in the Arena Football League and Lives to Write About It. The book details a journalist's two preseasons (1999 and 2000) as an offensive specialist/writer with the now-defunct Albany Firebirds. The 5-foot-6 (170 cm), self... |
56e7b55437bdd419002c43bc | In what year did the AFL begin operating under the single-entity model? | 2010 | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nThe AFL currently runs as under the single-entity model, with the league owning the rights to the teams, players, and coaches. The single-entity model was adopted in 2010 when the league emerged from bankruptcy. Prior to that, the league followed the franchise model more common in North Am... |
56e7b55437bdd419002c43bd | Who owns the rights to the players under the single-entity model? | the league | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nThe AFL currently runs as under the single-entity model, with the league owning the rights to the teams, players, and coaches. The single-entity model was adopted in 2010 when the league emerged from bankruptcy. Prior to that, the league followed the franchise model more common in North Am... |
56e7b55437bdd419002c43be | What model of ownership is commonly used in American professional sports? | franchise model | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nThe AFL currently runs as under the single-entity model, with the league owning the rights to the teams, players, and coaches. The single-entity model was adopted in 2010 when the league emerged from bankruptcy. Prior to that, the league followed the franchise model more common in North Am... |
56e7b5cf00c9c71400d77543 | What was the normal per game attendance of AFL games in the 1990s? | 10,000β11,000 | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nAverage attendance for AFL games were around 10,000β11,000 per game in the 1990s, though during the recession connected to the dot-com bubble and the September 11, 2001 attacks average attendance dropped below 10,000 for several years. From the start of the 2004 season until the final seas... |
56e7b5cf00c9c71400d77544 | Along with the recession, what event is held to have decreased per-game attendance below 10,000? | the September 11, 2001 attacks | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nAverage attendance for AFL games were around 10,000β11,000 per game in the 1990s, though during the recession connected to the dot-com bubble and the September 11, 2001 attacks average attendance dropped below 10,000 for several years. From the start of the 2004 season until the final seas... |
56e7b5cf00c9c71400d77545 | What was the average per-game attendance in 2007? | 12,392 | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nAverage attendance for AFL games were around 10,000β11,000 per game in the 1990s, though during the recession connected to the dot-com bubble and the September 11, 2001 attacks average attendance dropped below 10,000 for several years. From the start of the 2004 season until the final seas... |
56e7b5cf00c9c71400d77546 | In 2008, what was the average attendance for an AFL game? | 12,957 | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nAverage attendance for AFL games were around 10,000β11,000 per game in the 1990s, though during the recession connected to the dot-com bubble and the September 11, 2001 attacks average attendance dropped below 10,000 for several years. From the start of the 2004 season until the final seas... |
56e7b5cf00c9c71400d77547 | During the 2008 season, how many teams averaged more than 13,000 spectators per game? | eight | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nAverage attendance for AFL games were around 10,000β11,000 per game in the 1990s, though during the recession connected to the dot-com bubble and the September 11, 2001 attacks average attendance dropped below 10,000 for several years. From the start of the 2004 season until the final seas... |
56e7b60637bdd419002c43c2 | What was the AFL's average per-game attendance in 2010? | 8,135 | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nIn 2010, the first year of the reconstituted league following bankruptcy, the overall attendance average decreased to 8,135, with only one team (Tampa Bay) exceeding 13,000 per game."
] |
56e7b60637bdd419002c43c3 | In the 2010 season, how many teams drew an average of more than 13,000 fans per game? | one | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nIn 2010, the first year of the reconstituted league following bankruptcy, the overall attendance average decreased to 8,135, with only one team (Tampa Bay) exceeding 13,000 per game."
] |
56e7b60637bdd419002c43c4 | What team drew more than 13,000 fans per game in 2010? | Tampa Bay | [
"Arena_Football_League\n\nIn 2010, the first year of the reconstituted league following bankruptcy, the overall attendance average decreased to 8,135, with only one team (Tampa Bay) exceeding 13,000 per game."
] |
56e81e0737bdd419002c441e | What language is the word dialectus from? | Latin | [
"Dialect\n\nThe term dialect (from Latin dialectus, dialectos, from the ancient Greek word διάλΡκΟΞΏΟ diΓ‘lektos, \"discourse\", from διά diΓ‘, \"through\" and Ξ»ΞΞ³Ο legΕ, \"I speak\") is used in two distinct ways to refer to two different types of linguistic phenomena."
] |
56e81e0737bdd419002c441f | From what language does the word diΓ‘lektos come? | Greek | [
"Dialect\n\nThe term dialect (from Latin dialectus, dialectos, from the ancient Greek word διάλΡκΟΞΏΟ diΓ‘lektos, \"discourse\", from διά diΓ‘, \"through\" and Ξ»ΞΞ³Ο legΕ, \"I speak\") is used in two distinct ways to refer to two different types of linguistic phenomena."
] |
56e81e0737bdd419002c4420 | What does diΓ‘lektos mean in English? | discourse | [
"Dialect\n\nThe term dialect (from Latin dialectus, dialectos, from the ancient Greek word διάλΡκΟΞΏΟ diΓ‘lektos, \"discourse\", from διά diΓ‘, \"through\" and Ξ»ΞΞ³Ο legΕ, \"I speak\") is used in two distinct ways to refer to two different types of linguistic phenomena."
] |
56e81e0737bdd419002c4421 | How many different types of linguistic phenomena is the term dialect used to describe? | two | [
"Dialect\n\nThe term dialect (from Latin dialectus, dialectos, from the ancient Greek word διάλΡκΟΞΏΟ diΓ‘lektos, \"discourse\", from διά diΓ‘, \"through\" and Ξ»ΞΞ³Ο legΕ, \"I speak\") is used in two distinct ways to refer to two different types of linguistic phenomena."
] |
56e81e0737bdd419002c4422 | How many distinct ways is the term dialect used? | two | [
"Dialect\n\nThe term dialect (from Latin dialectus, dialectos, from the ancient Greek word διάλΡκΟΞΏΟ diΓ‘lektos, \"discourse\", from διά diΓ‘, \"through\" and Ξ»ΞΞ³Ο legΕ, \"I speak\") is used in two distinct ways to refer to two different types of linguistic phenomena."
] |
56e81e5837bdd419002c4428 | What is the common definition of dialect? | a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers | [
"Dialect\n\nOne usageβthe more common among linguistsβrefers to a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social class. A dialect that is a... |
56e81e5837bdd419002c4429 | What is the term dialect most often applied to? | regional speech patterns | [
"Dialect\n\nOne usageβthe more common among linguistsβrefers to a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social class. A dialect that is a... |
56e81e5837bdd419002c442a | Aside from region, what is an example of a factor that may influence dialect? | social class | [
"Dialect\n\nOne usageβthe more common among linguistsβrefers to a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social class. A dialect that is a... |
56e81e5837bdd419002c442b | What is a term for a dialect particular to a social class? | sociolect | [
"Dialect\n\nOne usageβthe more common among linguistsβrefers to a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social class. A dialect that is a... |
56e81e5837bdd419002c442c | What do you call a dialect particular to a certain ethnicity? | ethnolect | [
"Dialect\n\nOne usageβthe more common among linguistsβrefers to a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social class. A dialect that is a... |
56e81ee337bdd419002c4432 | What is the other definition of the term dialect? | a language that is socially subordinated to a regional or national standard language | [
"Dialect\n\nThe other usage refers to a language that is socially subordinated to a regional or national standard language, often historically cognate or related to the standard language, but not actually derived from it. In this sense, unlike in the first usage, the standard language would not itself be considered... |
56e81ee337bdd419002c4433 | How does a dialect stand in relation to the standard language? | subordinate to the standard language | [
"Dialect\n\nThe other usage refers to a language that is socially subordinated to a regional or national standard language, often historically cognate or related to the standard language, but not actually derived from it. In this sense, unlike in the first usage, the standard language would not itself be considered... |
56e81ee337bdd419002c4434 | The regional Romance languages in what country are sometimes referred to as dialects? | Italy | [
"Dialect\n\nThe other usage refers to a language that is socially subordinated to a regional or national standard language, often historically cognate or related to the standard language, but not actually derived from it. In this sense, unlike in the first usage, the standard language would not itself be considered... |
56e81ee337bdd419002c4435 | What are 20th century variations on standard Italian called? | regional Italian | [
"Dialect\n\nThe other usage refers to a language that is socially subordinated to a regional or national standard language, often historically cognate or related to the standard language, but not actually derived from it. In this sense, unlike in the first usage, the standard language would not itself be considered... |
56e81ee337bdd419002c4436 | From what language did the regional Romance languages of Italy derive? | Latin | [
"Dialect\n\nThe other usage refers to a language that is socially subordinated to a regional or national standard language, often historically cognate or related to the standard language, but not actually derived from it. In this sense, unlike in the first usage, the standard language would not itself be considered... |
56e81f4f37bdd419002c443c | Along with grammar and pronunciation, what distinguishes a dialect? | vocabulary | [
"Dialect\n\nA dialect is distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation (phonology, including prosody). Where a distinction can be made only in terms of pronunciation (including prosody, or just prosody itself), the term accent may be preferred over dialect. Other types of speech varieties include jarg... |
56e81f4f37bdd419002c443d | If only the pronunciation differs from the standard language, what term is sometimes used? | accent | [
"Dialect\n\nA dialect is distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation (phonology, including prosody). Where a distinction can be made only in terms of pronunciation (including prosody, or just prosody itself), the term accent may be preferred over dialect. Other types of speech varieties include jarg... |
56e81f4f37bdd419002c443e | What term is sometimes used for dialects that only differ in vocabulary? | jargons | [
"Dialect\n\nA dialect is distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation (phonology, including prosody). Where a distinction can be made only in terms of pronunciation (including prosody, or just prosody itself), the term accent may be preferred over dialect. Other types of speech varieties include jarg... |
56e81f4f37bdd419002c443f | Along with slangs, patois and pidgins, what is another type of smiilar speech variety? | argots | [
"Dialect\n\nA dialect is distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation (phonology, including prosody). Where a distinction can be made only in terms of pronunciation (including prosody, or just prosody itself), the term accent may be preferred over dialect. Other types of speech varieties include jarg... |
56e820ad37bdd419002c4444 | What is another term for a standard or standardized dialect? | standard language | [
"Dialect\n\nA standard dialect (also known as a standardized dialect or \"standard language\") is a dialect that is supported by institutions. Such institutional support may include government recognition or designation; presentation as being the \"correct\" form of a language in schools; published grammars, dictio... |
56e820ad37bdd419002c4445 | The support of what groups results in a dialect being standardized? | institutions | [
"Dialect\n\nA standard dialect (also known as a standardized dialect or \"standard language\") is a dialect that is supported by institutions. Such institutional support may include government recognition or designation; presentation as being the \"correct\" form of a language in schools; published grammars, dictio... |
56e820ad37bdd419002c4446 | Along with grammars and dictionaries, what publications help a dialect to become standardized? | textbooks | [
"Dialect\n\nA standard dialect (also known as a standardized dialect or \"standard language\") is a dialect that is supported by institutions. Such institutional support may include government recognition or designation; presentation as being the \"correct\" form of a language in schools; published grammars, dictio... |
56e820ad37bdd419002c4447 | Standard Philippine English is a standard dialect of of what language? | English | [
"Dialect\n\nA standard dialect (also known as a standardized dialect or \"standard language\") is a dialect that is supported by institutions. Such institutional support may include government recognition or designation; presentation as being the \"correct\" form of a language in schools; published grammars, dictio... |
56e820ad37bdd419002c4448 | Recognition from what body may help a dialect to become standardized? | government | [
"Dialect\n\nA standard dialect (also known as a standardized dialect or \"standard language\") is a dialect that is supported by institutions. Such institutional support may include government recognition or designation; presentation as being the \"correct\" form of a language in schools; published grammars, dictio... |
56e8215937bdd419002c444e | What does a nonstandard dialect usually not have compared to a standard dialect? | institutional support | [
"Dialect\n\nA nonstandard dialect, like a standard dialect, has a complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, but is usually not the beneficiary of institutional support. Examples of a nonstandard English dialect are Southern American English, Western Australian English, Scouse and Tyke. The Dialect Test was designed... |
56e8215937bdd419002c444f | What language is Scouse a dialect of? | English | [
"Dialect\n\nA nonstandard dialect, like a standard dialect, has a complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, but is usually not the beneficiary of institutional support. Examples of a nonstandard English dialect are Southern American English, Western Australian English, Scouse and Tyke. The Dialect Test was designed... |
56e8215937bdd419002c4450 | What was created for the sake of comparing English dialects? | The Dialect Test | [
"Dialect\n\nA nonstandard dialect, like a standard dialect, has a complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, but is usually not the beneficiary of institutional support. Examples of a nonstandard English dialect are Southern American English, Western Australian English, Scouse and Tyke. The Dialect Test was designed... |
56e8215937bdd419002c4451 | Who came up with the Dialect Test? | Joseph Wright | [
"Dialect\n\nA nonstandard dialect, like a standard dialect, has a complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, but is usually not the beneficiary of institutional support. Examples of a nonstandard English dialect are Southern American English, Western Australian English, Scouse and Tyke. The Dialect Test was designed... |
56e8215937bdd419002c4452 | Along with a syntax and grammar, what attribute does a dialect possess? | vocabulary | [
"Dialect\n\nA nonstandard dialect, like a standard dialect, has a complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, but is usually not the beneficiary of institutional support. Examples of a nonstandard English dialect are Southern American English, Western Australian English, Scouse and Tyke. The Dialect Test was designed... |
56e821ca37bdd419002c4458 | In what country is LimΓ³n Creole English spoken? | Costa Rica | [
"Dialect\n\nThere is no universally accepted criterion for distinguishing two different languages from two dialects (i.e. varieties) of the same language. A number of rough measures exist, sometimes leading to contradictory results. The distinction is therefore subjective and depends on the user's frame of referenc... |
56e821ca37bdd419002c4459 | On what coast of Costa Rica is LimΓ³n Creole English spoken? | Caribbean | [
"Dialect\n\nThere is no universally accepted criterion for distinguishing two different languages from two dialects (i.e. varieties) of the same language. A number of rough measures exist, sometimes leading to contradictory results. The distinction is therefore subjective and depends on the user's frame of referenc... |
56e821ca37bdd419002c445a | Speakers of LimΓ³n Creole English are descended from people of what nationality? | Jamaican | [
"Dialect\n\nThere is no universally accepted criterion for distinguishing two different languages from two dialects (i.e. varieties) of the same language. A number of rough measures exist, sometimes leading to contradictory results. The distinction is therefore subjective and depends on the user's frame of referenc... |
56e822d000c9c71400d775cb | What trait is the most common way of determining if languages are dialects? | mutual intelligibility | [
"Dialect\n\nThe most common, and most purely linguistic, criterion is that of mutual intelligibility: two varieties are said to be dialects of the same language if being a speaker of one variety confers sufficient knowledge to understand and be understood by a speaker of the other; otherwise, they are said to be di... |
56e822d000c9c71400d775cc | What is the term for when dialects A and B are mutually intelligible, dialect B and C are mutually intelligible, but dialects A and C are not mutually intelligible? | dialect continua | [
"Dialect\n\nThe most common, and most purely linguistic, criterion is that of mutual intelligibility: two varieties are said to be dialects of the same language if being a speaker of one variety confers sufficient knowledge to understand and be understood by a speaker of the other; otherwise, they are said to be di... |
56e822d000c9c71400d775cd | What is the definition of mutual intelligibility? | if being a speaker of one variety confers sufficient knowledge to understand and be understood by a speaker of the other | [
"Dialect\n\nThe most common, and most purely linguistic, criterion is that of mutual intelligibility: two varieties are said to be dialects of the same language if being a speaker of one variety confers sufficient knowledge to understand and be understood by a speaker of the other; otherwise, they are said to be di... |
56e8239437bdd419002c445e | What term refers to another way in which dialects are distinguished from languages? | linguistic authority | [
"Dialect\n\nAnother occasionally used criterion for discriminating dialects from languages is that of linguistic authority, a more sociolinguistic notion. According to this definition, two varieties are considered dialects of the same language if (under at least some circumstances) they would defer to the same auth... |
56e8239437bdd419002c445f | Under the linguistic authority criteria, what is a dialect of German along with Bavarian German? | East Franconian German | [
"Dialect\n\nAnother occasionally used criterion for discriminating dialects from languages is that of linguistic authority, a more sociolinguistic notion. According to this definition, two varieties are considered dialects of the same language if (under at least some circumstances) they would defer to the same auth... |
56e8239437bdd419002c4460 | Of what group of languages is Yiddish a member? | Middle High German | [
"Dialect\n\nAnother occasionally used criterion for discriminating dialects from languages is that of linguistic authority, a more sociolinguistic notion. According to this definition, two varieties are considered dialects of the same language if (under at least some circumstances) they would defer to the same auth... |
56e8239437bdd419002c4461 | Why is Yiddish not a dialect of German? | a Yiddish speaker would not consult a German dictionary | [
"Dialect\n\nAnother occasionally used criterion for discriminating dialects from languages is that of linguistic authority, a more sociolinguistic notion. According to this definition, two varieties are considered dialects of the same language if (under at least some circumstances) they would defer to the same auth... |
56e823c700c9c71400d775d1 | According to most linguistics, who speaks a dialect? | everybody | [
"Dialect\n\nBy the definition most commonly used by linguists, any linguistic variety can be considered a \"dialect\" of some languageβ\"everybody speaks a dialect\". According to that interpretation, the criteria above merely serve to distinguish whether two varieties are dialects of the same language or dialects ... |
56e8242300c9c71400d775d3 | Who developed the abstand and ausbau languages framework? | Heinz Kloss | [
"Dialect\n\nA framework was developed in 1967 by Heinz Kloss, abstand and ausbau languages, to describe speech communities, that while unified politically and/or culturally, include multiple dialects which though closely related genetically may be divergent to the point of inter-dialect unintelligibility."
] |
56e8242300c9c71400d775d4 | In what year was the abstand and ausbau framework developed? | 1967 | [
"Dialect\n\nA framework was developed in 1967 by Heinz Kloss, abstand and ausbau languages, to describe speech communities, that while unified politically and/or culturally, include multiple dialects which though closely related genetically may be divergent to the point of inter-dialect unintelligibility."
] |
56e8242300c9c71400d775d5 | What sort of unification in speech communities did the abstand and ausbau framework discuss? | politically and/or culturally | [
"Dialect\n\nA framework was developed in 1967 by Heinz Kloss, abstand and ausbau languages, to describe speech communities, that while unified politically and/or culturally, include multiple dialects which though closely related genetically may be divergent to the point of inter-dialect unintelligibility."
] |
56e8245e37bdd419002c4466 | The language of the Pennsylvania Dutch is a dialect of what language? | German | [
"Dialect\n\nThe terms \"language\" and \"dialect\" are not necessarily mutually exclusive: There is nothing contradictory in the statement \"the language of the Pennsylvania Dutch is a dialect of German\"."
] |
56e824c637bdd419002c4468 | What term avoids distinguishing between languages and dialects? | languoid | [
"Dialect\n\nThere are various terms that linguists may use to avoid taking a position on whether the speech of a community is an independent language in its own right or a dialect of another language. Perhaps the most common is \"variety\"; \"lect\" is another. A more general term is \"languoid\", which does not di... |
56e824c637bdd419002c4469 | What is the most common way of referring to a language without making the determination of whether it's a dialect or independent language? | variety | [
"Dialect\n\nThere are various terms that linguists may use to avoid taking a position on whether the speech of a community is an independent language in its own right or a dialect of another language. Perhaps the most common is \"variety\"; \"lect\" is another. A more general term is \"languoid\", which does not di... |
56e824c637bdd419002c446a | Along with variety and languoid, what is another term used for a language without determining its independent status? | lect | [
"Dialect\n\nThere are various terms that linguists may use to avoid taking a position on whether the speech of a community is an independent language in its own right or a dialect of another language. Perhaps the most common is \"variety\"; \"lect\" is another. A more general term is \"languoid\", which does not di... |
56e8253a37bdd419002c446e | With what social class it the standard dialect commonly associated? | the elite class | [
"Dialect\n\nIn many societies, however, a particular dialect, often the sociolect of the elite class, comes to be identified as the \"standard\" or \"proper\" version of a language by those seeking to make a social distinction, and is contrasted with other varieties. As a result of this, in some contexts the term \... |
56e8253a37bdd419002c446f | What social status is the term "dialect" sometimes associated with? | low | [
"Dialect\n\nIn many societies, however, a particular dialect, often the sociolect of the elite class, comes to be identified as the \"standard\" or \"proper\" version of a language by those seeking to make a social distinction, and is contrasted with other varieties. As a result of this, in some contexts the term \... |
56e8253a37bdd419002c4470 | What is another term for language varieties? | dialects | [
"Dialect\n\nIn many societies, however, a particular dialect, often the sociolect of the elite class, comes to be identified as the \"standard\" or \"proper\" version of a language by those seeking to make a social distinction, and is contrasted with other varieties. As a result of this, in some contexts the term \... |
56e825c337bdd419002c4474 | What non-linguistic developments influence the status of a language? | historical and political | [
"Dialect\n\nThe status of \"language\" is not solely determined by linguistic criteria, but it is also the result of a historical and political development. Romansh came to be a written language, and therefore it is recognized as a language, even though it is very close to the Lombardic alpine dialects. An opposite... |
56e825c337bdd419002c4475 | What dialect is the language Romansh similar to? | Lombardic alpine | [
"Dialect\n\nThe status of \"language\" is not solely determined by linguistic criteria, but it is also the result of a historical and political development. Romansh came to be a written language, and therefore it is recognized as a language, even though it is very close to the Lombardic alpine dialects. An opposite... |
56e825c337bdd419002c4476 | What language are Mandarin and Cantonese sometimes considered dialects of? | Chinese | [
"Dialect\n\nThe status of \"language\" is not solely determined by linguistic criteria, but it is also the result of a historical and political development. Romansh came to be a written language, and therefore it is recognized as a language, even though it is very close to the Lombardic alpine dialects. An opposite... |
56e825c337bdd419002c4477 | Why might Mandarin and Cantonese not be regarded as dialects? | mutual unintelligibility | [
"Dialect\n\nThe status of \"language\" is not solely determined by linguistic criteria, but it is also the result of a historical and political development. Romansh came to be a written language, and therefore it is recognized as a language, even though it is very close to the Lombardic alpine dialects. An opposite... |
56e826b000c9c71400d775d9 | What event is regarded as a landmark in the development of modern nationalism? | the French Revolution | [
"Dialect\n\nModern Nationalism, as developed especially since the French Revolution, has made the distinction between \"language\" and \"dialect\" an issue of great political importance. A group speaking a separate \"language\" is often seen as having a greater claim to being a separate \"people\", and thus to be m... |
56e826b000c9c71400d775da | If possessing a language leads to a group being regarded as a separate people, what political arrangement presumably follows? | its own independent state | [
"Dialect\n\nModern Nationalism, as developed especially since the French Revolution, has made the distinction between \"language\" and \"dialect\" an issue of great political importance. A group speaking a separate \"language\" is often seen as having a greater claim to being a separate \"people\", and thus to be m... |
56e826b000c9c71400d775db | What political arrangement is associated with being a dialect-speaking sub-group? | regional autonomy | [
"Dialect\n\nModern Nationalism, as developed especially since the French Revolution, has made the distinction between \"language\" and \"dialect\" an issue of great political importance. A group speaking a separate \"language\" is often seen as having a greater claim to being a separate \"people\", and thus to be m... |
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