id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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56e826b000c9c71400d775dc | Along with political controversy, what can the distinction between a language and dialect sometimes lead to? | armed conflict | [
"Dialect\n\nModern Nationalism, as developed especially since the French Revolution, has made the distinction between \"language\" and \"dialect\" an issue of great political importance. A group speaking a separate \"language\" is often seen as having a greater claim to being a separate \"people\", and thus to be m... |
56e8270200c9c71400d775e1 | Max Weinreich is a linguist of what language? | Yiddish | [
"Dialect\n\nThe Yiddish linguist Max Weinreich published the expression, A shprakh iz a dialekt mit an armey un flot (\"ืึท ืฉืคึผืจืึทื ืืื ืึท ืืืึทืืขืงื ืืื ืึทื ืึทืจืืฒ ืืื ืคึฟืืึธื\"โ: \"A language is a dialect with an army and navy\") in YIVO Bleter 25.1, 1945, p. 13. The significance of the political factors in any attemp... |
56e8270200c9c71400d775e2 | What does "A shprakh iz a dialekt mit an armey un flot" mean in English? | A language is a dialect with an army and navy | [
"Dialect\n\nThe Yiddish linguist Max Weinreich published the expression, A shprakh iz a dialekt mit an armey un flot (\"ืึท ืฉืคึผืจืึทื ืืื ืึท ืืืึทืืขืงื ืืื ืึทื ืึทืจืืฒ ืืื ืคึฟืืึธื\"โ: \"A language is a dialect with an army and navy\") in YIVO Bleter 25.1, 1945, p. 13. The significance of the political factors in any attemp... |
56e8270200c9c71400d775e3 | When did Max Weinrich write "A shprakh iz a dialekt mit an armey un flot"? | 1945 | [
"Dialect\n\nThe Yiddish linguist Max Weinreich published the expression, A shprakh iz a dialekt mit an armey un flot (\"ืึท ืฉืคึผืจืึทื ืืื ืึท ืืืึทืืขืงื ืืื ืึทื ืึทืจืืฒ ืืื ืคึฟืืึธื\"โ: \"A language is a dialect with an army and navy\") in YIVO Bleter 25.1, 1945, p. 13. The significance of the political factors in any attemp... |
56e8272b37bdd419002c447c | When is the term 'German dialects' used in regard to the German language? | traditional regional varieties | [
"Dialect\n\nWhen talking about the German language, the term German dialects is only used for the traditional regional varieties. That allows them to be distinguished from the regional varieties of modern standard German."
] |
56e8272b37bdd419002c447d | What are traditional region varieties of German distinguished from? | the regional varieties of modern standard German | [
"Dialect\n\nWhen talking about the German language, the term German dialects is only used for the traditional regional varieties. That allows them to be distinguished from the regional varieties of modern standard German."
] |
56e82b5c37bdd419002c4480 | After what entities are German dialects traditionally named? | Germanic tribes | [
"Dialect\n\nThe German dialects show a wide spectrum of variation. Most of them are not mutually intelligible. German dialectology traditionally names the major dialect groups after Germanic tribes from which they were assumed to have descended.[citation needed]"
] |
56e82bec37bdd419002c4482 | In what geographic part of Germany are dialects more common? | South | [
"Dialect\n\nThe extent to which the dialects are spoken varies according to a number of factors: In Northern Germany, dialects are less common than in the South. In cities, dialects are less common than on the countryside. In a public environment, dialects are less common than in a familiar environment."
] |
56e82bec37bdd419002c4483 | In what geographic part of Germany are dialects less frequently seen? | Northern Germany | [
"Dialect\n\nThe extent to which the dialects are spoken varies according to a number of factors: In Northern Germany, dialects are less common than in the South. In cities, dialects are less common than on the countryside. In a public environment, dialects are less common than in a familiar environment."
] |
56e82bec37bdd419002c4484 | Dialects are more frequently seen in the countryside as compared to what population centers? | cities | [
"Dialect\n\nThe extent to which the dialects are spoken varies according to a number of factors: In Northern Germany, dialects are less common than in the South. In cities, dialects are less common than on the countryside. In a public environment, dialects are less common than in a familiar environment."
] |
56e82bec37bdd419002c4485 | In what environment are dialects less common? | public | [
"Dialect\n\nThe extent to which the dialects are spoken varies according to a number of factors: In Northern Germany, dialects are less common than in the South. In cities, dialects are less common than on the countryside. In a public environment, dialects are less common than in a familiar environment."
] |
56e82bec37bdd419002c4486 | In what environment are dialects more frequently heard? | familiar | [
"Dialect\n\nThe extent to which the dialects are spoken varies according to a number of factors: In Northern Germany, dialects are less common than in the South. In cities, dialects are less common than on the countryside. In a public environment, dialects are less common than in a familiar environment."
] |
56e82c3737bdd419002c448c | What dialect of German is spoken in Switzerland? | Swiss German | [
"Dialect\n\nThe situation in Switzerland and Liechtenstein is different from the rest of the German-speaking countries. The Swiss German dialects are the default everyday language in virtually every situation, whereas standard German is seldom spoken. Some Swiss German speakers perceive standard German to be a fore... |
56e82c3737bdd419002c448d | What dialect of German is rarely heard in Switzerland? | standard German | [
"Dialect\n\nThe situation in Switzerland and Liechtenstein is different from the rest of the German-speaking countries. The Swiss German dialects are the default everyday language in virtually every situation, whereas standard German is seldom spoken. Some Swiss German speakers perceive standard German to be a fore... |
56e82c3737bdd419002c448e | Aside from Switzerland, what country speaks a dialect related to Swiss German? | Liechtenstein | [
"Dialect\n\nThe situation in Switzerland and Liechtenstein is different from the rest of the German-speaking countries. The Swiss German dialects are the default everyday language in virtually every situation, whereas standard German is seldom spoken. Some Swiss German speakers perceive standard German to be a fore... |
56e82c7a00c9c71400d775e7 | What type of language was Low German in the Middle Ages? | an ausbau language | [
"Dialect\n\nThe Low German varieties spoken in Germany are often counted among the German dialects. This reflects the modern situation where they are roofed by standard German. This is different from the situation in the Middle Ages when Low German had strong tendencies towards an ausbau language."
] |
56e82c7a00c9c71400d775e8 | Why are Low German varieties regarded as dialects of standard German? | they are roofed by standard German | [
"Dialect\n\nThe Low German varieties spoken in Germany are often counted among the German dialects. This reflects the modern situation where they are roofed by standard German. This is different from the situation in the Middle Ages when Low German had strong tendencies towards an ausbau language."
] |
56e82d0100c9c71400d775eb | What are Italian dialects termed in the Italian language? | dialetti | [
"Dialect\n\nItaly is home to a vast array of native regional minority languages, most of which are Romance-based and have their own local variants. These regional languages are often referred to colloquially or in non-linguistic circles as Italian \"dialects,\" or dialetti (standard Italian for \"dialects\"). Howev... |
56e82d0100c9c71400d775ec | What language are many Italian dialects derived from? | Vulgar Latin | [
"Dialect\n\nItaly is home to a vast array of native regional minority languages, most of which are Romance-based and have their own local variants. These regional languages are often referred to colloquially or in non-linguistic circles as Italian \"dialects,\" or dialetti (standard Italian for \"dialects\"). Howev... |
56e82d0100c9c71400d775ed | What does 'dialetti' mean in Italian? | dialects | [
"Dialect\n\nItaly is home to a vast array of native regional minority languages, most of which are Romance-based and have their own local variants. These regional languages are often referred to colloquially or in non-linguistic circles as Italian \"dialects,\" or dialetti (standard Italian for \"dialects\"). Howev... |
56e82d0100c9c71400d775ee | Why might Italian dialects be regarded as independent languages rather than dialects of standard Italian? | they are not derived from modern standard Italian | [
"Dialect\n\nItaly is home to a vast array of native regional minority languages, most of which are Romance-based and have their own local variants. These regional languages are often referred to colloquially or in non-linguistic circles as Italian \"dialects,\" or dialetti (standard Italian for \"dialects\"). Howev... |
56e82da500c9c71400d775f3 | What is a major reason why the Latin-based regional Romance languages of Italy should be regarded as independent languages rather than dialects of each other? | they lack mutual intelligibility | [
"Dialect\n\nIn addition to having evolved, for the most part, separately from one another and with distinct individual histories, the Latin-based regional Romance languages of Italy are also better classified as separate languages rather than true \"dialects\" due to the often high degree in which they lack mutual ... |
56e82da500c9c71400d775f4 | From what region of Italy does the Eastern Lombard dialect hail? | Lombardy | [
"Dialect\n\nIn addition to having evolved, for the most part, separately from one another and with distinct individual histories, the Latin-based regional Romance languages of Italy are also better classified as separate languages rather than true \"dialects\" due to the often high degree in which they lack mutual ... |
56e82da500c9c71400d775f5 | What language family does Eastern Lombard belong to? | Gallo-Italic | [
"Dialect\n\nIn addition to having evolved, for the most part, separately from one another and with distinct individual histories, the Latin-based regional Romance languages of Italy are also better classified as separate languages rather than true \"dialects\" due to the often high degree in which they lack mutual ... |
56e82da500c9c71400d775f6 | What type of language is Sicilian? | Neapolitan | [
"Dialect\n\nIn addition to having evolved, for the most part, separately from one another and with distinct individual histories, the Latin-based regional Romance languages of Italy are also better classified as separate languages rather than true \"dialects\" due to the often high degree in which they lack mutual ... |
56e82da500c9c71400d775f7 | What language was spoken by Lombard immigrants to Sicily? | Sicilian Gallo-Italic | [
"Dialect\n\nIn addition to having evolved, for the most part, separately from one another and with distinct individual histories, the Latin-based regional Romance languages of Italy are also better classified as separate languages rather than true \"dialects\" due to the often high degree in which they lack mutual ... |
56e82e1900c9c71400d775fd | What language is modern standard Italian derived from? | Florentine Tuscan | [
"Dialect\n\nModern standard Italian itself is heavily based on the Latin-derived Florentine Tuscan language. The Tuscan-based language that would eventually become modern standard Italian had been used in poetry and literature since at least the 12th century, and it first became widely known in Italy through the wo... |
56e82e1900c9c71400d775fe | What language is Florentine Tuscan based on? | Latin | [
"Dialect\n\nModern standard Italian itself is heavily based on the Latin-derived Florentine Tuscan language. The Tuscan-based language that would eventually become modern standard Italian had been used in poetry and literature since at least the 12th century, and it first became widely known in Italy through the wo... |
56e82e1900c9c71400d775ff | During what century did Florentine Tuscan begin to be used in poetry? | 12th | [
"Dialect\n\nModern standard Italian itself is heavily based on the Latin-derived Florentine Tuscan language. The Tuscan-based language that would eventually become modern standard Italian had been used in poetry and literature since at least the 12th century, and it first became widely known in Italy through the wo... |
56e82e1900c9c71400d77600 | What socioeconomic class used the Florentine Tuscan language in Dante's time? | upper class | [
"Dialect\n\nModern standard Italian itself is heavily based on the Latin-derived Florentine Tuscan language. The Tuscan-based language that would eventually become modern standard Italian had been used in poetry and literature since at least the 12th century, and it first became widely known in Italy through the wo... |
56e82e1900c9c71400d77601 | From what region of Italy did Florentine Tuscan derive? | Tuscany | [
"Dialect\n\nModern standard Italian itself is heavily based on the Latin-derived Florentine Tuscan language. The Tuscan-based language that would eventually become modern standard Italian had been used in poetry and literature since at least the 12th century, and it first became widely known in Italy through the wo... |
56e82e8c00c9c71400d77607 | What Italian nationalist spoke of the importance of a national Italian language? | Alessandro Manzoni | [
"Dialect\n\nDuring the Risorgimento, proponents of Italian republicanism and Italian nationalism, such as Alessandro Manzoni, stressed the importance of establishing a uniform national language in order to better create an Italian national identity. With the unification of Italy in the 1860s, standard Italian becam... |
56e82e8c00c9c71400d77608 | During what period was the importance of having an Italian national language raised? | the Risorgimento | [
"Dialect\n\nDuring the Risorgimento, proponents of Italian republicanism and Italian nationalism, such as Alessandro Manzoni, stressed the importance of establishing a uniform national language in order to better create an Italian national identity. With the unification of Italy in the 1860s, standard Italian becam... |
56e82e8c00c9c71400d77609 | In what decade was Italy unified? | 1860s | [
"Dialect\n\nDuring the Risorgimento, proponents of Italian republicanism and Italian nationalism, such as Alessandro Manzoni, stressed the importance of establishing a uniform national language in order to better create an Italian national identity. With the unification of Italy in the 1860s, standard Italian becam... |
56e82e8c00c9c71400d7760a | What percentage of Italians spoke standard Italian when Italy was first unified? | 2.5% | [
"Dialect\n\nDuring the Risorgimento, proponents of Italian republicanism and Italian nationalism, such as Alessandro Manzoni, stressed the importance of establishing a uniform national language in order to better create an Italian national identity. With the unification of Italy in the 1860s, standard Italian becam... |
56e82e8c00c9c71400d7760b | When Italy was unified, what was named the official national language? | standard Italian | [
"Dialect\n\nDuring the Risorgimento, proponents of Italian republicanism and Italian nationalism, such as Alessandro Manzoni, stressed the importance of establishing a uniform national language in order to better create an Italian national identity. With the unification of Italy in the 1860s, standard Italian becam... |
56e82fe000c9c71400d77611 | During what war did a large number of Italian men first learn standard Italian? | World War I | [
"Dialect\n\nIn the early 20th century, the vast conscription of Italian men from all throughout Italy during World War I is credited with facilitating the diffusion of standard Italian among less educated Italian men, as these men from various regions with various regional languages were forced to communicate with ... |
56e82fe000c9c71400d77612 | Along with radio and public education, what invention helped to diffuse standard Italian among the Italian population? | television | [
"Dialect\n\nIn the early 20th century, the vast conscription of Italian men from all throughout Italy during World War I is credited with facilitating the diffusion of standard Italian among less educated Italian men, as these men from various regions with various regional languages were forced to communicate with ... |
56e82fe000c9c71400d77613 | In modern Italy, what class of people are regional languages sometimes associated with? | lower | [
"Dialect\n\nIn the early 20th century, the vast conscription of Italian men from all throughout Italy during World War I is credited with facilitating the diffusion of standard Italian among less educated Italian men, as these men from various regions with various regional languages were forced to communicate with ... |
56e82fe000c9c71400d77614 | Along with formal settings, where do some Italians avoid speaking their regional language? | outside of one's region | [
"Dialect\n\nIn the early 20th century, the vast conscription of Italian men from all throughout Italy during World War I is credited with facilitating the diffusion of standard Italian among less educated Italian men, as these men from various regions with various regional languages were forced to communicate with ... |
56e82fe000c9c71400d77615 | Aside from when they're speaking to Italians from their same town or region, where is a common place where Italians speak their regional language? | at home with family | [
"Dialect\n\nIn the early 20th century, the vast conscription of Italian men from all throughout Italy during World War I is credited with facilitating the diffusion of standard Italian among less educated Italian men, as these men from various regions with various regional languages were forced to communicate with ... |
56e8307b00c9c71400d7761b | Regional Italian dialects are often influenced by regional languages and what other language? | standard Italian | [
"Dialect\n\nItalians in different regions today may also speak regional varieties of standard Italian, or regional Italian dialects, which, unlike the majority of languages of Italy, are actually dialects of standard Italian rather than separate languages. A regional Italian dialect is generally standard Italian th... |
56e830b600c9c71400d7761d | What language family do most of the languages of Italy belong to? | Italo-Dalmatian | [
"Dialect\n\nThe languages of Italy are primarily Latin-based Romance languages, with the most widely spoken languages falling within the Italo-Dalmatian language family. This wide category includes:"
] |
56e830b600c9c71400d7761e | What language are most languages of Italy derived from? | Latin | [
"Dialect\n\nThe languages of Italy are primarily Latin-based Romance languages, with the most widely spoken languages falling within the Italo-Dalmatian language family. This wide category includes:"
] |
56e830b600c9c71400d7761f | Aside from Italo-Dalmatian, what is another term for the group that Italian languages belong to? | Romance | [
"Dialect\n\nThe languages of Italy are primarily Latin-based Romance languages, with the most widely spoken languages falling within the Italo-Dalmatian language family. This wide category includes:"
] |
56e8311437bdd419002c4492 | Campidanese Sardinian is a variant of what language? | The Sardinian language | [
"Dialect\n\nThe Sardinian language is considered to be its own Romance language family, separate not only from standard Italian but also the wider Italo-Dalmatian family, and it includes the Campidanese Sardinian and Logudorese Sardinian variants. However, Gallurese, Sassarese, and Corsican are also spoken in Sardi... |
56e8311437bdd419002c4493 | What language is Sassarese closely related to? | Italian Tuscan | [
"Dialect\n\nThe Sardinian language is considered to be its own Romance language family, separate not only from standard Italian but also the wider Italo-Dalmatian family, and it includes the Campidanese Sardinian and Logudorese Sardinian variants. However, Gallurese, Sassarese, and Corsican are also spoken in Sardi... |
56e8311437bdd419002c4494 | What language family does Gallurese belong to? | Italo-Dalmatian | [
"Dialect\n\nThe Sardinian language is considered to be its own Romance language family, separate not only from standard Italian but also the wider Italo-Dalmatian family, and it includes the Campidanese Sardinian and Logudorese Sardinian variants. However, Gallurese, Sassarese, and Corsican are also spoken in Sardi... |
56e8311437bdd419002c4495 | What language family does Ligurian belong to? | Gallo-Romance | [
"Dialect\n\nThe Sardinian language is considered to be its own Romance language family, separate not only from standard Italian but also the wider Italo-Dalmatian family, and it includes the Campidanese Sardinian and Logudorese Sardinian variants. However, Gallurese, Sassarese, and Corsican are also spoken in Sardi... |
56e8311437bdd419002c4496 | Where is the Catalan Algherese dialect spoken? | Sardinian | [
"Dialect\n\nThe Sardinian language is considered to be its own Romance language family, separate not only from standard Italian but also the wider Italo-Dalmatian family, and it includes the Campidanese Sardinian and Logudorese Sardinian variants. However, Gallurese, Sassarese, and Corsican are also spoken in Sardi... |
56e833ff00c9c71400d77623 | Along with British English, what is the major variant of the English language? | American English | [
"Dialect\n\nThe classification of speech varieties as dialects or languages and their relationship to other varieties of speech can be controversial and the verdicts inconsistent. English and Serbo-Croatian illustrate the point. English and Serbo-Croatian each have two major variants (British and American English, ... |
56e833ff00c9c71400d77624 | What are the two major variants of Serbo-Croatian? | Serbian and Croatian | [
"Dialect\n\nThe classification of speech varieties as dialects or languages and their relationship to other varieties of speech can be controversial and the verdicts inconsistent. English and Serbo-Croatian illustrate the point. English and Serbo-Croatian each have two major variants (British and American English, ... |
56e833ff00c9c71400d77625 | Are British and American English regarded as distinct languages, or dialects of a single language? | dialects of a single language | [
"Dialect\n\nThe classification of speech varieties as dialects or languages and their relationship to other varieties of speech can be controversial and the verdicts inconsistent. English and Serbo-Croatian illustrate the point. English and Serbo-Croatian each have two major variants (British and American English, ... |
56e833ff00c9c71400d77626 | Do regional linguists treat Serbian and Croation as distinct languages or as dialects of a single language? | distinct languages | [
"Dialect\n\nThe classification of speech varieties as dialects or languages and their relationship to other varieties of speech can be controversial and the verdicts inconsistent. English and Serbo-Croatian illustrate the point. English and Serbo-Croatian each have two major variants (British and American English, ... |
56e833ff00c9c71400d77627 | Why are Serbian and Croatian often treated like distinct languages? | the two countries oscillate from being brotherly to being bitter enemies | [
"Dialect\n\nThe classification of speech varieties as dialects or languages and their relationship to other varieties of speech can be controversial and the verdicts inconsistent. English and Serbo-Croatian illustrate the point. English and Serbo-Croatian each have two major variants (British and American English, ... |
56e8346300c9c71400d7762d | Along with Serbian, with what language is Macedonian mutually intelligible? | Bulgarian | [
"Dialect\n\nSimilar examples abound. Macedonian, although mutually intelligible with Bulgarian, certain dialects of Serbian and to a lesser extent the rest of the South Slavic dialect continuum, is considered by Bulgarian linguists to be a Bulgarian dialect, in contrast with the contemporary international view and ... |
56e8346300c9c71400d7762e | What dialect continuum does Macedonian belong to? | South Slavic | [
"Dialect\n\nSimilar examples abound. Macedonian, although mutually intelligible with Bulgarian, certain dialects of Serbian and to a lesser extent the rest of the South Slavic dialect continuum, is considered by Bulgarian linguists to be a Bulgarian dialect, in contrast with the contemporary international view and ... |
56e8346300c9c71400d7762f | What do Bulgarian linguists regard the Macedonian language as? | a Bulgarian dialect | [
"Dialect\n\nSimilar examples abound. Macedonian, although mutually intelligible with Bulgarian, certain dialects of Serbian and to a lesser extent the rest of the South Slavic dialect continuum, is considered by Bulgarian linguists to be a Bulgarian dialect, in contrast with the contemporary international view and ... |
56e8346300c9c71400d77630 | In what year was a Macedonian literary standard established? | 1944 | [
"Dialect\n\nSimilar examples abound. Macedonian, although mutually intelligible with Bulgarian, certain dialects of Serbian and to a lesser extent the rest of the South Slavic dialect continuum, is considered by Bulgarian linguists to be a Bulgarian dialect, in contrast with the contemporary international view and ... |
56e8346300c9c71400d77631 | In what country is Macedonian most commonly spoken? | Republic of Macedonia | [
"Dialect\n\nSimilar examples abound. Macedonian, although mutually intelligible with Bulgarian, certain dialects of Serbian and to a lesser extent the rest of the South Slavic dialect continuum, is considered by Bulgarian linguists to be a Bulgarian dialect, in contrast with the contemporary international view and ... |
56e834e000c9c71400d77637 | Lebanese people of what religion sometimes consider Lebanese to be a distinct language? | Christian | [
"Dialect\n\nIn Lebanon, a part of the Christian population considers \"Lebanese\" to be in some sense a distinct language from Arabic and not merely a dialect. During the civil war Christians often used Lebanese Arabic officially, and sporadically used the Latin script to write Lebanese, thus further distinguishing... |
56e834e000c9c71400d77638 | In what language are Lebanese laws written? | Arabic | [
"Dialect\n\nIn Lebanon, a part of the Christian population considers \"Lebanese\" to be in some sense a distinct language from Arabic and not merely a dialect. During the civil war Christians often used Lebanese Arabic officially, and sporadically used the Latin script to write Lebanese, thus further distinguishing... |
56e834e000c9c71400d77639 | During the Lebanese Civil War, what language did Lebanese Christians sometimes use officially? | Lebanese Arabic | [
"Dialect\n\nIn Lebanon, a part of the Christian population considers \"Lebanese\" to be in some sense a distinct language from Arabic and not merely a dialect. During the civil war Christians often used Lebanese Arabic officially, and sporadically used the Latin script to write Lebanese, thus further distinguishing... |
56e834e000c9c71400d7763a | What language is Lebanese closely related to? | Arabic | [
"Dialect\n\nIn Lebanon, a part of the Christian population considers \"Lebanese\" to be in some sense a distinct language from Arabic and not merely a dialect. During the civil war Christians often used Lebanese Arabic officially, and sporadically used the Latin script to write Lebanese, thus further distinguishing... |
56e834e000c9c71400d7763b | What script did Lebanese Christians sometimes use to write Lebanese Arabic during the civil war? | Latin | [
"Dialect\n\nIn Lebanon, a part of the Christian population considers \"Lebanese\" to be in some sense a distinct language from Arabic and not merely a dialect. During the civil war Christians often used Lebanese Arabic officially, and sporadically used the Latin script to write Lebanese, thus further distinguishing... |
56e8355d00c9c71400d77641 | Along with Morocco and Tunisia, in what country are the Darijas spoken? | Algeria | [
"Dialect\n\nIn Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, the Darijas (spoken North African languages) are sometimes considered more different from other Arabic dialects. Officially, North African countries prefer to give preference to the Literary Arabic and conduct much of their political and religious life in it (adherence ... |
56e8355d00c9c71400d77642 | What is the liturgical language of Islam? | Literary Arabic | [
"Dialect\n\nIn Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, the Darijas (spoken North African languages) are sometimes considered more different from other Arabic dialects. Officially, North African countries prefer to give preference to the Literary Arabic and conduct much of their political and religious life in it (adherence ... |
56e8355d00c9c71400d77643 | In what language is the Qur'an written? | Literary Arabic | [
"Dialect\n\nIn Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, the Darijas (spoken North African languages) are sometimes considered more different from other Arabic dialects. Officially, North African countries prefer to give preference to the Literary Arabic and conduct much of their political and religious life in it (adherence ... |
56e8355d00c9c71400d77644 | What does the term Dariajs refer to? | spoken North African languages | [
"Dialect\n\nIn Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, the Darijas (spoken North African languages) are sometimes considered more different from other Arabic dialects. Officially, North African countries prefer to give preference to the Literary Arabic and conduct much of their political and religious life in it (adherence ... |
56e8355d00c9c71400d77645 | What is the dominant religion of North Africa? | Islam | [
"Dialect\n\nIn Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, the Darijas (spoken North African languages) are sometimes considered more different from other Arabic dialects. Officially, North African countries prefer to give preference to the Literary Arabic and conduct much of their political and religious life in it (adherence ... |
56e835c200c9c71400d7764b | During what century did the Russian government claim that Ukrainian was a Russian dialect? | 19th | [
"Dialect\n\nIn the 19th century, the Tsarist Government of the Russian Empire claimed that Ukrainian was merely a dialect of Russian and not a language on its own. The differences were few and caused by the conquest of western Ukraine by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. However, the dialects in Ukraine eventuall... |
56e835c200c9c71400d7764c | What Russian government claimed that Ukrainian was not a distinct language? | the Tsarist Government | [
"Dialect\n\nIn the 19th century, the Tsarist Government of the Russian Empire claimed that Ukrainian was merely a dialect of Russian and not a language on its own. The differences were few and caused by the conquest of western Ukraine by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. However, the dialects in Ukraine eventuall... |
56e835c200c9c71400d7764d | The conquest of western Ukraine by what country altered the language of Ukraine? | Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth | [
"Dialect\n\nIn the 19th century, the Tsarist Government of the Russian Empire claimed that Ukrainian was merely a dialect of Russian and not a language on its own. The differences were few and caused by the conquest of western Ukraine by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. However, the dialects in Ukraine eventuall... |
56e8361f00c9c71400d77651 | What nation conquered Ukraine during the First World War? | The German Empire | [
"Dialect\n\nThe German Empire conquered Ukraine during World War I and was planning on either annexing it or installing a puppet king, but was defeated by the Entente, with major involvement by the Ukrainian Bolsheviks. After conquering the rest of Ukraine from the Whites, Ukraine joined the USSR and was enlarged (... |
56e8361f00c9c71400d77652 | What alliance defeated the German Empire in World War I? | the Entente | [
"Dialect\n\nThe German Empire conquered Ukraine during World War I and was planning on either annexing it or installing a puppet king, but was defeated by the Entente, with major involvement by the Ukrainian Bolsheviks. After conquering the rest of Ukraine from the Whites, Ukraine joined the USSR and was enlarged (... |
56e8361f00c9c71400d77653 | What Ukrainian political group was involved in the defeat of the German Empire? | Bolsheviks | [
"Dialect\n\nThe German Empire conquered Ukraine during World War I and was planning on either annexing it or installing a puppet king, but was defeated by the Entente, with major involvement by the Ukrainian Bolsheviks. After conquering the rest of Ukraine from the Whites, Ukraine joined the USSR and was enlarged (... |
56e8361f00c9c71400d77654 | Who did the Ukrainian Bolsheviks conquer the Ukraine from? | Whites | [
"Dialect\n\nThe German Empire conquered Ukraine during World War I and was planning on either annexing it or installing a puppet king, but was defeated by the Entente, with major involvement by the Ukrainian Bolsheviks. After conquering the rest of Ukraine from the Whites, Ukraine joined the USSR and was enlarged (... |
56e8368700c9c71400d7765b | After what war did Moscow begin to repress the Ukrainian language? | World War II | [
"Dialect\n\nAfter World War II, due to Ukrainian collaborationism with the Axis powers in an attempt to gain independence, Moscow changed its policy towards repression of the Ukrainian language."
] |
56e8368700c9c71400d7765c | Why did Moscow begin to repress the Ukrainian language? | Ukrainian collaborationism with the Axis powers | [
"Dialect\n\nAfter World War II, due to Ukrainian collaborationism with the Axis powers in an attempt to gain independence, Moscow changed its policy towards repression of the Ukrainian language."
] |
56e8368700c9c71400d7765d | Why did Ukrainians collaborate with the Axis? | to gain independence | [
"Dialect\n\nAfter World War II, due to Ukrainian collaborationism with the Axis powers in an attempt to gain independence, Moscow changed its policy towards repression of the Ukrainian language."
] |
56e836b537bdd419002c449c | In what country is the Surzhyk dialect spoken? | Ukraine | [
"Dialect\n\nToday the boundaries of the Ukrainian language to the Russian language are still not drawn clearly, with an intermediate dialect between them, called Surzhyk, developing in Ukraine."
] |
56e836b537bdd419002c449d | Surzhyk is a dialect intermediate between the Ukrainian language and what other language? | Russian | [
"Dialect\n\nToday the boundaries of the Ukrainian language to the Russian language are still not drawn clearly, with an intermediate dialect between them, called Surzhyk, developing in Ukraine."
] |
56e8372c37bdd419002c44a0 | Who was the president of Moldova in 1996? | Mircea Snegur | [
"Dialect\n\nThere have been cases of a variety of speech being deliberately reclassified to serve political purposes. One example is Moldovan. In 1996, the Moldovan parliament, citing fears of \"Romanian expansionism\", rejected a proposal from President Mircea Snegur to change the name of the language to Romanian,... |
56e8372c37bdd419002c44a1 | In what year was a Moldovan-Romanian dictionary published? | 2003 | [
"Dialect\n\nThere have been cases of a variety of speech being deliberately reclassified to serve political purposes. One example is Moldovan. In 1996, the Moldovan parliament, citing fears of \"Romanian expansionism\", rejected a proposal from President Mircea Snegur to change the name of the language to Romanian,... |
56e8372c37bdd419002c44a2 | Fear of what caused the Moldovan parliament to reject changing the name of the country's language to Romanian in 1996? | Romanian expansionism | [
"Dialect\n\nThere have been cases of a variety of speech being deliberately reclassified to serve political purposes. One example is Moldovan. In 1996, the Moldovan parliament, citing fears of \"Romanian expansionism\", rejected a proposal from President Mircea Snegur to change the name of the language to Romanian,... |
56e8372c37bdd419002c44a3 | Who was the head of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova? | Ion Bฤrbuลฃฤ | [
"Dialect\n\nThere have been cases of a variety of speech being deliberately reclassified to serve political purposes. One example is Moldovan. In 1996, the Moldovan parliament, citing fears of \"Romanian expansionism\", rejected a proposal from President Mircea Snegur to change the name of the language to Romanian,... |
56e8379037bdd419002c44a8 | From what did Chinese characters derive? | logograms | [
"Dialect\n\nUnlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively consistent for the last two thousand years, the pronunciation and grammar in di... |
56e8379037bdd419002c44a9 | What is another name for the Yue language? | Cantonese | [
"Dialect\n\nUnlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively consistent for the last two thousand years, the pronunciation and grammar in di... |
56e8379037bdd419002c44aa | Hakka is a language from what geographic part of China? | the south | [
"Dialect\n\nUnlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively consistent for the last two thousand years, the pronunciation and grammar in di... |
56e8379037bdd419002c44ab | From the time of the Ming dynasty, what city was the capital of China? | Beijing | [
"Dialect\n\nUnlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively consistent for the last two thousand years, the pronunciation and grammar in di... |
56e8379037bdd419002c44ac | At its founding. what was the official language of the Republic of China? | Standard Mandarin | [
"Dialect\n\nUnlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively consistent for the last two thousand years, the pronunciation and grammar in di... |
56e837f437bdd419002c44b2 | From the perspective of historical linguists, what are Romance languages dialects of? | Latin | [
"Dialect\n\nMany historical linguists view any speech form as a dialect of the older medium of communication from which it developed.[citation needed] This point of view sees the modern Romance languages as dialects of Latin, modern Greek as a dialect of Ancient Greek, Tok Pisin as a dialect of English, and North G... |
56e837f437bdd419002c44b3 | What do many historical linguists consider modern Greek to be a dialect of? | Ancient Greek | [
"Dialect\n\nMany historical linguists view any speech form as a dialect of the older medium of communication from which it developed.[citation needed] This point of view sees the modern Romance languages as dialects of Latin, modern Greek as a dialect of Ancient Greek, Tok Pisin as a dialect of English, and North G... |
56e837f437bdd419002c44b4 | From what language is North Germanic derived? | Old Norse | [
"Dialect\n\nMany historical linguists view any speech form as a dialect of the older medium of communication from which it developed.[citation needed] This point of view sees the modern Romance languages as dialects of Latin, modern Greek as a dialect of Ancient Greek, Tok Pisin as a dialect of English, and North G... |
56e837f437bdd419002c44b5 | Tok Pisin might be regarded as a dialect of what language? | English | [
"Dialect\n\nMany historical linguists view any speech form as a dialect of the older medium of communication from which it developed.[citation needed] This point of view sees the modern Romance languages as dialects of Latin, modern Greek as a dialect of Ancient Greek, Tok Pisin as a dialect of English, and North G... |
56e83b4c00c9c71400d77661 | Italian is significantly mutually comprehensible with what other Romance language? | Spanish | [
"Dialect\n\nThis can give rise to the situation in which two dialects (defined according to this paradigm) with a somewhat distant genetic relationship are mutually more readily comprehensible than more closely related dialects. In one opinion, this pattern is clearly present among the modern Romance languages, wit... |
56e83b4c00c9c71400d77662 | With what romance language does Spanish not have a high degree of mutual comprehensibility? | French | [
"Dialect\n\nThis can give rise to the situation in which two dialects (defined according to this paradigm) with a somewhat distant genetic relationship are mutually more readily comprehensible than more closely related dialects. In one opinion, this pattern is clearly present among the modern Romance languages, wit... |
56e83b4c00c9c71400d77663 | What is the reason for French and Italian not being very mutually comprehensible? | French having undergone more rapid and more pervasive phonological change | [
"Dialect\n\nThis can give rise to the situation in which two dialects (defined according to this paradigm) with a somewhat distant genetic relationship are mutually more readily comprehensible than more closely related dialects. In one opinion, this pattern is clearly present among the modern Romance languages, wit... |
56e83bdf37bdd419002c44ba | What Italian word is similar to the French word "avoir"? | avere | [
"Dialect\n\nFor example, the Italian and French words for various foods, some family relationships, and body parts are very similar to each other, yet most of those words are completely different in Spanish. Italian \"avere\" and \"essere\" as auxiliaries for forming compound tenses are used similarly to French \"a... |
56e83bdf37bdd419002c44bb | What French word is similar to the Italian word "essere"? | รชtre | [
"Dialect\n\nFor example, the Italian and French words for various foods, some family relationships, and body parts are very similar to each other, yet most of those words are completely different in Spanish. Italian \"avere\" and \"essere\" as auxiliaries for forming compound tenses are used similarly to French \"a... |
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