id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
|---|---|---|---|
570e35d20b85d914000d7d6e | Along with silver, mercury, tin and cadmium, what metal is uranium more plentiful than? | antimony | [
"Uranium\n\nUranium is more plentiful than antimony, tin, cadmium, mercury, or silver, and it is about as abundant as arsenic or molybdenum. Uranium is found in hundreds of minerals, including uraninite (the most common uranium ore), carnotite, autunite, uranophane, torbernite, and coffinite. Significant concentrat... |
570e35d20b85d914000d7d6f | What is the most prevalent uranium ore? | uraninite | [
"Uranium\n\nUranium is more plentiful than antimony, tin, cadmium, mercury, or silver, and it is about as abundant as arsenic or molybdenum. Uranium is found in hundreds of minerals, including uraninite (the most common uranium ore), carnotite, autunite, uranophane, torbernite, and coffinite. Significant concentrat... |
570e35d20b85d914000d7d70 | What mineral sometimes contains uranium? | lignite | [
"Uranium\n\nUranium is more plentiful than antimony, tin, cadmium, mercury, or silver, and it is about as abundant as arsenic or molybdenum. Uranium is found in hundreds of minerals, including uraninite (the most common uranium ore), carnotite, autunite, uranophane, torbernite, and coffinite. Significant concentrat... |
570e35d20b85d914000d7d71 | What types of rocks sometimes contain uranium? | phosphate | [
"Uranium\n\nUranium is more plentiful than antimony, tin, cadmium, mercury, or silver, and it is about as abundant as arsenic or molybdenum. Uranium is found in hundreds of minerals, including uraninite (the most common uranium ore), carnotite, autunite, uranophane, torbernite, and coffinite. Significant concentrat... |
570e366b0b85d914000d7d77 | What is the least prevalent major isotope of natural uranium? | uranium-234 | [
"Uranium\n\nNatural uranium consists of three major isotopes: uranium-238 (99.28% natural abundance), uranium-235 (0.71%), and uranium-234 (0.0054%). All three are radioactive, emitting alpha particles, with the exception that all three of these isotopes have small probabilities of undergoing spontaneous fission, r... |
570e366b0b85d914000d7d78 | What is the natural abundance of uranium-235? | 0.71% | [
"Uranium\n\nNatural uranium consists of three major isotopes: uranium-238 (99.28% natural abundance), uranium-235 (0.71%), and uranium-234 (0.0054%). All three are radioactive, emitting alpha particles, with the exception that all three of these isotopes have small probabilities of undergoing spontaneous fission, r... |
570e366b0b85d914000d7d79 | What isotope of uranium is formed when 238U experiences spontaneous fission? | uranium-239 | [
"Uranium\n\nNatural uranium consists of three major isotopes: uranium-238 (99.28% natural abundance), uranium-235 (0.71%), and uranium-234 (0.0054%). All three are radioactive, emitting alpha particles, with the exception that all three of these isotopes have small probabilities of undergoing spontaneous fission, r... |
570e366b0b85d914000d7d7a | When uranium isotope is formed from the decay of neptunium-237? | uranium-233 | [
"Uranium\n\nNatural uranium consists of three major isotopes: uranium-238 (99.28% natural abundance), uranium-235 (0.71%), and uranium-234 (0.0054%). All three are radioactive, emitting alpha particles, with the exception that all three of these isotopes have small probabilities of undergoing spontaneous fission, r... |
570e366b0b85d914000d7d7b | What isotope is it theorized will form uranium-2343 after double beta decay? | thorium-232 | [
"Uranium\n\nNatural uranium consists of three major isotopes: uranium-238 (99.28% natural abundance), uranium-235 (0.71%), and uranium-234 (0.0054%). All three are radioactive, emitting alpha particles, with the exception that all three of these isotopes have small probabilities of undergoing spontaneous fission, r... |
570e36e30dc6ce1900204e7d | About how many tonnes of uranium is theorized to be present in the sea? | 4.6 billion | [
"Uranium\n\nAn additional 4.6 billion tonnes of uranium are estimated to be in sea water (Japanese scientists in the 1980s showed that extraction of uranium from sea water using ion exchangers was technically feasible). There have been experiments to extract uranium from sea water, but the yield has been low due to... |
570e36e30dc6ce1900204e7e | The presence of what substance in sea water has resulted in low yields when attempting to extract uranium? | carbonate | [
"Uranium\n\nAn additional 4.6 billion tonnes of uranium are estimated to be in sea water (Japanese scientists in the 1980s showed that extraction of uranium from sea water using ion exchangers was technically feasible). There have been experiments to extract uranium from sea water, but the yield has been low due to... |
570e36e30dc6ce1900204e7f | What did ORNL call their material that performs surface retention on solid molecules? | HiCap | [
"Uranium\n\nAn additional 4.6 billion tonnes of uranium are estimated to be in sea water (Japanese scientists in the 1980s showed that extraction of uranium from sea water using ion exchangers was technically feasible). There have been experiments to extract uranium from sea water, but the yield has been low due to... |
570e36e30dc6ce1900204e80 | Where were ORNL's results verified? | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory | [
"Uranium\n\nAn additional 4.6 billion tonnes of uranium are estimated to be in sea water (Japanese scientists in the 1980s showed that extraction of uranium from sea water using ion exchangers was technically feasible). There have been experiments to extract uranium from sea water, but the yield has been low due to... |
570e36e30dc6ce1900204e81 | When was HiCap announced? | 2012 | [
"Uranium\n\nAn additional 4.6 billion tonnes of uranium are estimated to be in sea water (Japanese scientists in the 1980s showed that extraction of uranium from sea water using ion exchangers was technically feasible). There have been experiments to extract uranium from sea water, but the yield has been low due to... |
570e37590dc6ce1900204e87 | What is the sole fissile isotope that occurs in nature? | Uranium-235 | [
"Uranium\n\nMany contemporary uses of uranium exploit its unique nuclear properties. Uranium-235 has the distinction of being the only naturally occurring fissile isotope. Uranium-238 is fissionable by fast neutrons, and is fertile, meaning it can be transmuted to fissile plutonium-239 in a nuclear reactor. Another... |
570e37590dc6ce1900204e88 | What can be turned into plutonium-239 in a nuclear reactor? | Uranium-238 | [
"Uranium\n\nMany contemporary uses of uranium exploit its unique nuclear properties. Uranium-235 has the distinction of being the only naturally occurring fissile isotope. Uranium-238 is fissionable by fast neutrons, and is fertile, meaning it can be transmuted to fissile plutonium-239 in a nuclear reactor. Another... |
570e37590dc6ce1900204e89 | What uranium isotope is produced from thorium? | uranium-233 | [
"Uranium\n\nMany contemporary uses of uranium exploit its unique nuclear properties. Uranium-235 has the distinction of being the only naturally occurring fissile isotope. Uranium-238 is fissionable by fast neutrons, and is fertile, meaning it can be transmuted to fissile plutonium-239 in a nuclear reactor. Another... |
570e37590dc6ce1900204e8a | Along with uranium-235, what isotope is noted for having a high fission cross-section for slow neutrons? | uranium-233 | [
"Uranium\n\nMany contemporary uses of uranium exploit its unique nuclear properties. Uranium-235 has the distinction of being the only naturally occurring fissile isotope. Uranium-238 is fissionable by fast neutrons, and is fertile, meaning it can be transmuted to fissile plutonium-239 in a nuclear reactor. Another... |
570e37590dc6ce1900204e8b | What is 238U? | Depleted uranium | [
"Uranium\n\nMany contemporary uses of uranium exploit its unique nuclear properties. Uranium-235 has the distinction of being the only naturally occurring fissile isotope. Uranium-238 is fissionable by fast neutrons, and is fertile, meaning it can be transmuted to fissile plutonium-239 in a nuclear reactor. Another... |
570e37d60b85d914000d7d8b | What is OSHA? | Occupational Safety and Health Administration | [
"Uranium\n\nA person can be exposed to uranium (or its radioactive daughters, such as radon) by inhaling dust in air or by ingesting contaminated water and food. The amount of uranium in air is usually very small; however, people who work in factories that process phosphate fertilizers, live near government facilit... |
570e37d60b85d914000d7d8c | What is the OSHA uranium exposure limit for an 8-hour workday? | 0.25 mg/m3 | [
"Uranium\n\nA person can be exposed to uranium (or its radioactive daughters, such as radon) by inhaling dust in air or by ingesting contaminated water and food. The amount of uranium in air is usually very small; however, people who work in factories that process phosphate fertilizers, live near government facilit... |
570e37d60b85d914000d7d8d | What does REL stand for? | recommended exposure limit | [
"Uranium\n\nA person can be exposed to uranium (or its radioactive daughters, such as radon) by inhaling dust in air or by ingesting contaminated water and food. The amount of uranium in air is usually very small; however, people who work in factories that process phosphate fertilizers, live near government facilit... |
570e37d60b85d914000d7d8e | What is the NIOSH uranium exposure standard over an 8-hour workday? | 0.2 mg/m3 | [
"Uranium\n\nA person can be exposed to uranium (or its radioactive daughters, such as radon) by inhaling dust in air or by ingesting contaminated water and food. The amount of uranium in air is usually very small; however, people who work in factories that process phosphate fertilizers, live near government facilit... |
570e37d60b85d914000d7d8f | At what level of exposure does uranium become imminently dangerous to health? | 10 mg/m3 | [
"Uranium\n\nA person can be exposed to uranium (or its radioactive daughters, such as radon) by inhaling dust in air or by ingesting contaminated water and food. The amount of uranium in air is usually very small; however, people who work in factories that process phosphate fertilizers, live near government facilit... |
570e386c0dc6ce1900204e9b | Along with UO2, what is the commonest form of uranium oxide? | triuranium octoxide | [
"Uranium\n\nThe most common forms of uranium oxide are triuranium octoxide (U\n3O\n8) and UO\n2. Both oxide forms are solids that have low solubility in water and are relatively stable over a wide range of environmental conditions. Triuranium octoxide is (depending on conditions) the most stable compound of uranium... |
570e386c0dc6ce1900204e9c | What is the stablest uranium compound? | Triuranium octoxide | [
"Uranium\n\nThe most common forms of uranium oxide are triuranium octoxide (U\n3O\n8) and UO\n2. Both oxide forms are solids that have low solubility in water and are relatively stable over a wide range of environmental conditions. Triuranium octoxide is (depending on conditions) the most stable compound of uranium... |
570e386c0dc6ce1900204e9d | In what form is uranium most often used as fuel for nuclear reactors? | Uranium dioxide | [
"Uranium\n\nThe most common forms of uranium oxide are triuranium octoxide (U\n3O\n8) and UO\n2. Both oxide forms are solids that have low solubility in water and are relatively stable over a wide range of environmental conditions. Triuranium octoxide is (depending on conditions) the most stable compound of uranium... |
570e38eb0dc6ce1900204ea5 | What was the earliest year in recorded history that uranium oxide was used? | 79 CE | [
"Uranium\n\nThe use of uranium in its natural oxide form dates back to at least the year 79 CE, when it was used to add a yellow color to ceramic glazes. Yellow glass with 1% uranium oxide was found in a Roman villa on Cape Posillipo in the Bay of Naples, Italy, by R. T. Gunther of the University of Oxford in 1912.... |
570e38eb0dc6ce1900204ea6 | What color of ceramic glaze was extracted from uranium oxide? | yellow | [
"Uranium\n\nThe use of uranium in its natural oxide form dates back to at least the year 79 CE, when it was used to add a yellow color to ceramic glazes. Yellow glass with 1% uranium oxide was found in a Roman villa on Cape Posillipo in the Bay of Naples, Italy, by R. T. Gunther of the University of Oxford in 1912.... |
570e38eb0dc6ce1900204ea7 | In what county was glass with uranium oxide content found? | Italy | [
"Uranium\n\nThe use of uranium in its natural oxide form dates back to at least the year 79 CE, when it was used to add a yellow color to ceramic glazes. Yellow glass with 1% uranium oxide was found in a Roman villa on Cape Posillipo in the Bay of Naples, Italy, by R. T. Gunther of the University of Oxford in 1912.... |
570e38eb0dc6ce1900204ea8 | In what year was yellow uranium oxide glass discovered? | 1912 | [
"Uranium\n\nThe use of uranium in its natural oxide form dates back to at least the year 79 CE, when it was used to add a yellow color to ceramic glazes. Yellow glass with 1% uranium oxide was found in a Roman villa on Cape Posillipo in the Bay of Naples, Italy, by R. T. Gunther of the University of Oxford in 1912.... |
570e38eb0dc6ce1900204ea9 | What institution did R.T. Gunther belong to? | the University of Oxford | [
"Uranium\n\nThe use of uranium in its natural oxide form dates back to at least the year 79 CE, when it was used to add a yellow color to ceramic glazes. Yellow glass with 1% uranium oxide was found in a Roman villa on Cape Posillipo in the Bay of Naples, Italy, by R. T. Gunther of the University of Oxford in 1912.... |
570e39580b85d914000d7d9f | What was the first self-sustained nuclear chain reaction created by human beings called? | Chicago Pile-1 | [
"Uranium\n\nOn 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1. Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed fo... |
570e39580b85d914000d7da0 | On what date was the first self-sustained nuclear chain reaction created artificially? | 2 December 1942 | [
"Uranium\n\nOn 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1. Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed fo... |
570e39580b85d914000d7da1 | What project was Fermi working for? | Manhattan | [
"Uranium\n\nOn 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1. Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed fo... |
570e39580b85d914000d7da2 | On the campus of what educational institution was Chicago Pile-1 created? | University of Chicago | [
"Uranium\n\nOn 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1. Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed fo... |
570e39580b85d914000d7da3 | How many metric tons of uranium oxide was used in Chicago Pile-1? | 53 | [
"Uranium\n\nOn 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1. Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed fo... |
570e39bc0b85d914000d7da9 | Along with lemon yellow, what color is produced in uranium glass? | orange-red | [
"Uranium\n\nUranium is used as a colorant in uranium glass producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. It was also used for tinting and shading in early photography. The 1789 discovery of uranium in the mineral pitchblende is credited to Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who named the new element after the planet Uranus. Eu... |
570e39bc0b85d914000d7daa | Who discovered uranium in pitchblende? | Martin Heinrich Klaproth | [
"Uranium\n\nUranium is used as a colorant in uranium glass producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. It was also used for tinting and shading in early photography. The 1789 discovery of uranium in the mineral pitchblende is credited to Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who named the new element after the planet Uranus. Eu... |
570e39bc0b85d914000d7dab | Who was responsible for first isolating uranium? | Eugène-Melchior Péligot | [
"Uranium\n\nUranium is used as a colorant in uranium glass producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. It was also used for tinting and shading in early photography. The 1789 discovery of uranium in the mineral pitchblende is credited to Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who named the new element after the planet Uranus. Eu... |
570e39bc0b85d914000d7dac | Who discovered that uranium was radioactive? | Henri Becquerel | [
"Uranium\n\nUranium is used as a colorant in uranium glass producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. It was also used for tinting and shading in early photography. The 1789 discovery of uranium in the mineral pitchblende is credited to Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who named the new element after the planet Uranus. Eu... |
570e39bc0b85d914000d7dad | What was the first nuclear weapon used in a war called? | Little Boy | [
"Uranium\n\nUranium is used as a colorant in uranium glass producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. It was also used for tinting and shading in early photography. The 1789 discovery of uranium in the mineral pitchblende is credited to Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who named the new element after the planet Uranus. Eu... |
570e3a8a0dc6ce1900204eb9 | What percentage of uranium in nature is uranium-235? | 0.7204% | [
"Uranium\n\nIn nature, uranium is found as uranium-238 (99.2742%) and uranium-235 (0.7204%). Isotope separation concentrates (enriches) the fissionable uranium-235 for nuclear weapons and most nuclear power plants, except for gas cooled reactors and pressurised heavy water reactors. Most neutrons released by a fiss... |
570e3a8a0dc6ce1900204eba | What is the most prevalent natural isotope of uranium? | uranium-238 | [
"Uranium\n\nIn nature, uranium is found as uranium-238 (99.2742%) and uranium-235 (0.7204%). Isotope separation concentrates (enriches) the fissionable uranium-235 for nuclear weapons and most nuclear power plants, except for gas cooled reactors and pressurised heavy water reactors. Most neutrons released by a fiss... |
570e3a8a0dc6ce1900204ebb | What is the term for the amount of uranium-235 needed to sustain a nuclear chain reaction? | critical mass | [
"Uranium\n\nIn nature, uranium is found as uranium-238 (99.2742%) and uranium-235 (0.7204%). Isotope separation concentrates (enriches) the fissionable uranium-235 for nuclear weapons and most nuclear power plants, except for gas cooled reactors and pressurised heavy water reactors. Most neutrons released by a fiss... |
570e3a8a0dc6ce1900204ebc | What percentage of natural uranium is isotope 238? | 99.2742% | [
"Uranium\n\nIn nature, uranium is found as uranium-238 (99.2742%) and uranium-235 (0.7204%). Isotope separation concentrates (enriches) the fissionable uranium-235 for nuclear weapons and most nuclear power plants, except for gas cooled reactors and pressurised heavy water reactors. Most neutrons released by a fiss... |
570e3a8a0dc6ce1900204ebd | Along with gas cooled reactors, what type of reactor doesn't use uranium-235? | pressurised heavy water | [
"Uranium\n\nIn nature, uranium is found as uranium-238 (99.2742%) and uranium-235 (0.7204%). Isotope separation concentrates (enriches) the fissionable uranium-235 for nuclear weapons and most nuclear power plants, except for gas cooled reactors and pressurised heavy water reactors. Most neutrons released by a fiss... |
570e432f0dc6ce1900204ee1 | What is uranium used for most often in the military? | high-density penetrators | [
"Uranium\n\nThe major application of uranium in the military sector is in high-density penetrators. This ammunition consists of depleted uranium (DU) alloyed with 1–2% other elements, such as titanium or molybdenum. At high impact speed, the density, hardness, and pyrophoricity of the projectile enable the destruct... |
570e432f0dc6ce1900204ee2 | What percentage of high-density penetrators is not made up of depleted uranium? | 1–2% | [
"Uranium\n\nThe major application of uranium in the military sector is in high-density penetrators. This ammunition consists of depleted uranium (DU) alloyed with 1–2% other elements, such as titanium or molybdenum. At high impact speed, the density, hardness, and pyrophoricity of the projectile enable the destruct... |
570e432f0dc6ce1900204ee3 | Along with titanium, what element often makes up the portion of high-density penetrators not made of depleted uranium? | molybdenum | [
"Uranium\n\nThe major application of uranium in the military sector is in high-density penetrators. This ammunition consists of depleted uranium (DU) alloyed with 1–2% other elements, such as titanium or molybdenum. At high impact speed, the density, hardness, and pyrophoricity of the projectile enable the destruct... |
570e432f0dc6ce1900204ee4 | Along with the Balkans, in what geographical location did a war take place where the UK used depleted uranium munitions? | Persian Gulf | [
"Uranium\n\nThe major application of uranium in the military sector is in high-density penetrators. This ammunition consists of depleted uranium (DU) alloyed with 1–2% other elements, such as titanium or molybdenum. At high impact speed, the density, hardness, and pyrophoricity of the projectile enable the destruct... |
570e432f0dc6ce1900204ee5 | What illness is possibly tied to the use of depleted uranium munitions? | Gulf War Syndrome | [
"Uranium\n\nThe major application of uranium in the military sector is in high-density penetrators. This ammunition consists of depleted uranium (DU) alloyed with 1–2% other elements, such as titanium or molybdenum. At high impact speed, the density, hardness, and pyrophoricity of the projectile enable the destruct... |
570e437d0dc6ce1900204eeb | Who discovered uranium? | Martin Heinrich Klaproth | [
"Uranium\n\nThe discovery of the element is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth. While he was working in his experimental laboratory in Berlin in 1789, Klaproth was able to precipitate a yellow compound (likely sodium diuranate) by dissolving pitchblende in nitric acid and neutralizing the solut... |
570e437d0dc6ce1900204eec | In what city was uranium discovered? | Berlin | [
"Uranium\n\nThe discovery of the element is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth. While he was working in his experimental laboratory in Berlin in 1789, Klaproth was able to precipitate a yellow compound (likely sodium diuranate) by dissolving pitchblende in nitric acid and neutralizing the solut... |
570e437d0dc6ce1900204eed | In what year did the discovery of uranium occur? | 1789 | [
"Uranium\n\nThe discovery of the element is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth. While he was working in his experimental laboratory in Berlin in 1789, Klaproth was able to precipitate a yellow compound (likely sodium diuranate) by dissolving pitchblende in nitric acid and neutralizing the solut... |
570e437d0dc6ce1900204eee | What did Klaproth probably create when he dissolved pitchblende in nitric acid? | sodium diuranate | [
"Uranium\n\nThe discovery of the element is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth. While he was working in his experimental laboratory in Berlin in 1789, Klaproth was able to precipitate a yellow compound (likely sodium diuranate) by dissolving pitchblende in nitric acid and neutralizing the solut... |
570e437d0dc6ce1900204eef | Who discovered the planet Uranus? | William Herschel | [
"Uranium\n\nThe discovery of the element is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth. While he was working in his experimental laboratory in Berlin in 1789, Klaproth was able to precipitate a yellow compound (likely sodium diuranate) by dissolving pitchblende in nitric acid and neutralizing the solut... |
570e43e60dc6ce1900204ef5 | What percentage range of uranium oxide is usually contained in low-grade uranium ore? | 0.01 to 0.25% | [
"Uranium\n\nUranium ore is mined in several ways: by open pit, underground, in-situ leaching, and borehole mining (see uranium mining). Low-grade uranium ore mined typically contains 0.01 to 0.25% uranium oxides. Extensive measures must be employed to extract the metal from its ore. High-grade ores found in Athabas... |
570e43e60dc6ce1900204ef6 | Along with underground, open pit and in-situ leaching, what sort of mining is used to mine uranium? | borehole | [
"Uranium\n\nUranium ore is mined in several ways: by open pit, underground, in-situ leaching, and borehole mining (see uranium mining). Low-grade uranium ore mined typically contains 0.01 to 0.25% uranium oxides. Extensive measures must be employed to extract the metal from its ore. High-grade ores found in Athabas... |
570e43e60dc6ce1900204ef7 | In what country are high-grade uranium ores notably found? | Canada | [
"Uranium\n\nUranium ore is mined in several ways: by open pit, underground, in-situ leaching, and borehole mining (see uranium mining). Low-grade uranium ore mined typically contains 0.01 to 0.25% uranium oxides. Extensive measures must be employed to extract the metal from its ore. High-grade ores found in Athabas... |
570e43e60dc6ce1900204ef8 | In what province of Canada is the Athabasca Basin? | Saskatchewan | [
"Uranium\n\nUranium ore is mined in several ways: by open pit, underground, in-situ leaching, and borehole mining (see uranium mining). Low-grade uranium ore mined typically contains 0.01 to 0.25% uranium oxides. Extensive measures must be employed to extract the metal from its ore. High-grade ores found in Athabas... |
570e43e60dc6ce1900204ef9 | What is the average percentage of uranium oxide contained in the ores mined in the Athabasca Basin? | 23% | [
"Uranium\n\nUranium ore is mined in several ways: by open pit, underground, in-situ leaching, and borehole mining (see uranium mining). Low-grade uranium ore mined typically contains 0.01 to 0.25% uranium oxides. Extensive measures must be employed to extract the metal from its ore. High-grade ores found in Athabas... |
570e44ec0b85d914000d7dc7 | What was the uranium-based bomb made by the US in World War II called? | Little Boy | [
"Uranium\n\nTwo major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed \"Little Boy\") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and \"Fat Man\") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The... |
570e44ec0b85d914000d7dc8 | What was the codename of the plutonium-based bomb created in the Second World War? | Fat Man | [
"Uranium\n\nTwo major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed \"Little Boy\") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and \"Fat Man\") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The... |
570e44ec0b85d914000d7dc9 | On what date was Little Boy detonated? | 6 August 1945 | [
"Uranium\n\nTwo major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed \"Little Boy\") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and \"Fat Man\") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The... |
570e44ec0b85d914000d7dca | What was the equivalent yield in TNT of the Little Boy bomb, in tonnes? | 12,500 | [
"Uranium\n\nTwo major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed \"Little Boy\") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and \"Fat Man\") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The... |
570e44ec0b85d914000d7dcb | Over what city was Little Boy detonated? | Hiroshima | [
"Uranium\n\nTwo major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed \"Little Boy\") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and \"Fat Man\") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The... |
570e45630b85d914000d7dd1 | As of 2005, what country was the largest producer of uranium oxides? | Canada | [
"Uranium\n\nIn 2005, seventeen countries produced concentrated uranium oxides, with Canada (27.9% of world production) and Australia (22.8%) being the largest producers and Kazakhstan (10.5%), Russia (8.0%), Namibia (7.5%), Niger (7.4%), Uzbekistan (5.5%), the United States (2.5%), Argentina (2.1%), Ukraine (1.9%) ... |
570e45630b85d914000d7dd2 | What percentage of world uranium oxide production is produced by Argentina? | 2.1% | [
"Uranium\n\nIn 2005, seventeen countries produced concentrated uranium oxides, with Canada (27.9% of world production) and Australia (22.8%) being the largest producers and Kazakhstan (10.5%), Russia (8.0%), Namibia (7.5%), Niger (7.4%), Uzbekistan (5.5%), the United States (2.5%), Argentina (2.1%), Ukraine (1.9%) ... |
570e45630b85d914000d7dd3 | What country produced 5.5% of the world's concentrated uranium oxide in 2005? | Uzbekistan | [
"Uranium\n\nIn 2005, seventeen countries produced concentrated uranium oxides, with Canada (27.9% of world production) and Australia (22.8%) being the largest producers and Kazakhstan (10.5%), Russia (8.0%), Namibia (7.5%), Niger (7.4%), Uzbekistan (5.5%), the United States (2.5%), Argentina (2.1%), Ukraine (1.9%) ... |
570e45630b85d914000d7dd4 | How many tonnes of uranium was Australia expected to produce in 2009? | 9,430 | [
"Uranium\n\nIn 2005, seventeen countries produced concentrated uranium oxides, with Canada (27.9% of world production) and Australia (22.8%) being the largest producers and Kazakhstan (10.5%), Russia (8.0%), Namibia (7.5%), Niger (7.4%), Uzbekistan (5.5%), the United States (2.5%), Argentina (2.1%), Ukraine (1.9%) ... |
570e45630b85d914000d7dd5 | How many countries produced concentrated uranium oxides in 2005? | seventeen | [
"Uranium\n\nIn 2005, seventeen countries produced concentrated uranium oxides, with Canada (27.9% of world production) and Australia (22.8%) being the largest producers and Kazakhstan (10.5%), Russia (8.0%), Namibia (7.5%), Niger (7.4%), Uzbekistan (5.5%), the United States (2.5%), Argentina (2.1%), Ukraine (1.9%) ... |
570e45fe0b85d914000d7ddb | Who was the Soviet Union's opponent in the Cold War? | United States | [
"Uranium\n\nDuring the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, huge stockpiles of uranium were amassed and tens of thousands of nuclear weapons were created using enriched uranium and plutonium made from uranium. Since the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991, an estimated 600 short tons (540 metri... |
570e45fe0b85d914000d7ddc | How many nuclear warheads can be made with 540 metric tons of highly enriched weapons grade uranium? | 40,000 | [
"Uranium\n\nDuring the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, huge stockpiles of uranium were amassed and tens of thousands of nuclear weapons were created using enriched uranium and plutonium made from uranium. Since the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991, an estimated 600 short tons (540 metri... |
570e45fe0b85d914000d7ddd | What was the expenditure of the Material Protection, Control, and Accounting Program between 1993 and 2005? | US $550 million | [
"Uranium\n\nDuring the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, huge stockpiles of uranium were amassed and tens of thousands of nuclear weapons were created using enriched uranium and plutonium made from uranium. Since the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991, an estimated 600 short tons (540 metri... |
570e45fe0b85d914000d7dde | What is another term for uranium that is enriched? | weapons grade | [
"Uranium\n\nDuring the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, huge stockpiles of uranium were amassed and tens of thousands of nuclear weapons were created using enriched uranium and plutonium made from uranium. Since the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991, an estimated 600 short tons (540 metri... |
570e45fe0b85d914000d7ddf | Approximately how many times did police capture shipments of bomb-grade plutonium or uranium between 1993 and 2005? | 16 | [
"Uranium\n\nDuring the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, huge stockpiles of uranium were amassed and tens of thousands of nuclear weapons were created using enriched uranium and plutonium made from uranium. Since the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991, an estimated 600 short tons (540 metri... |
570e469c0dc6ce1900204eff | What is the color of U4+? | green | [
"Uranium\n\nSalts of many oxidation states of uranium are water-soluble and may be studied in aqueous solutions. The most common ionic forms are U3+ (brown-red), U4+ (green), UO+\n2 (unstable), and UO2+\n2 (yellow), for U(III), U(IV), U(V), and U(VI), respectively. A few solid and semi-metallic compounds such as UO... |
570e469c0dc6ce1900204f01 | What state is represented by the UO2+ 2 ion? | uranium(VI) | [
"Uranium\n\nSalts of many oxidation states of uranium are water-soluble and may be studied in aqueous solutions. The most common ionic forms are U3+ (brown-red), U4+ (green), UO+\n2 (unstable), and UO2+\n2 (yellow), for U(III), U(IV), U(V), and U(VI), respectively. A few solid and semi-metallic compounds such as UO... |
570e469c0dc6ce1900204f02 | Along with uranyl sulfate and uranyl chloride, what compound is formed by the UO2+ 2 ion? | uranyl carbonate | [
"Uranium\n\nSalts of many oxidation states of uranium are water-soluble and may be studied in aqueous solutions. The most common ionic forms are U3+ (brown-red), U4+ (green), UO+\n2 (unstable), and UO2+\n2 (yellow), for U(III), U(IV), U(V), and U(VI), respectively. A few solid and semi-metallic compounds such as UO... |
570e469c0dc6ce1900204f03 | What common complex is formed by the UO2+ 2 ion with organic chelating agents? | uranyl acetate | [
"Uranium\n\nSalts of many oxidation states of uranium are water-soluble and may be studied in aqueous solutions. The most common ionic forms are U3+ (brown-red), U4+ (green), UO+\n2 (unstable), and UO2+\n2 (yellow), for U(III), U(IV), U(V), and U(VI), respectively. A few solid and semi-metallic compounds such as UO... |
570e47250dc6ce1900204f09 | What microorganism can notably absorb a very high concentrate of uranium? | Citrobacter | [
"Uranium\n\nSome organisms, such as the lichen Trapelia involuta or microorganisms such as the bacterium Citrobacter, can absorb concentrations of uranium that are up to 300 times the level of their environment. Citrobacter species absorb uranyl ions when given glycerol phosphate (or other similar organic phosphate... |
570e47250dc6ce1900204f0a | What lichen is known to absorb a uranium concentration nearly 300 times higher than the amount in the environment? | Trapelia involuta | [
"Uranium\n\nSome organisms, such as the lichen Trapelia involuta or microorganisms such as the bacterium Citrobacter, can absorb concentrations of uranium that are up to 300 times the level of their environment. Citrobacter species absorb uranyl ions when given glycerol phosphate (or other similar organic phosphate... |
570e47250dc6ce1900204f0b | What is given to Citrobacter to cause it to absorb uranyl ions? | glycerol phosphate | [
"Uranium\n\nSome organisms, such as the lichen Trapelia involuta or microorganisms such as the bacterium Citrobacter, can absorb concentrations of uranium that are up to 300 times the level of their environment. Citrobacter species absorb uranyl ions when given glycerol phosphate (or other similar organic phosphate... |
570e47250dc6ce1900204f0c | What protobacterium notably bioremediates ground water uranium? | Geobacter | [
"Uranium\n\nSome organisms, such as the lichen Trapelia involuta or microorganisms such as the bacterium Citrobacter, can absorb concentrations of uranium that are up to 300 times the level of their environment. Citrobacter species absorb uranyl ions when given glycerol phosphate (or other similar organic phosphate... |
570e47250dc6ce1900204f0d | What fungus is known to cause uranium content in its symbiotic plant roots to increase? | Glomus intraradices | [
"Uranium\n\nSome organisms, such as the lichen Trapelia involuta or microorganisms such as the bacterium Citrobacter, can absorb concentrations of uranium that are up to 300 times the level of their environment. Citrobacter species absorb uranyl ions when given glycerol phosphate (or other similar organic phosphate... |
570e48100b85d914000d7de5 | At what temperature range in degrees Fahrenheit will uranium metal form uranium hydride? | 482 to 572 | [
"Uranium\n\nUranium metal heated to 250 to 300 °C (482 to 572 °F) reacts with hydrogen to form uranium hydride. Even higher temperatures will reversibly remove the hydrogen. This property makes uranium hydrides convenient starting materials to create reactive uranium powder along with various uranium carbide, nitri... |
570e48100b85d914000d7de6 | What does uranium metal react with to create uranium hydride? | hydrogen | [
"Uranium\n\nUranium metal heated to 250 to 300 °C (482 to 572 °F) reacts with hydrogen to form uranium hydride. Even higher temperatures will reversibly remove the hydrogen. This property makes uranium hydrides convenient starting materials to create reactive uranium powder along with various uranium carbide, nitri... |
570e48100b85d914000d7de7 | Above what temperature is the β form of uranium hydride created? | 250 °C | [
"Uranium\n\nUranium metal heated to 250 to 300 °C (482 to 572 °F) reacts with hydrogen to form uranium hydride. Even higher temperatures will reversibly remove the hydrogen. This property makes uranium hydrides convenient starting materials to create reactive uranium powder along with various uranium carbide, nitri... |
570e48100b85d914000d7de8 | Along with uranium carbide and halide, what type of compound is often created with uranium hydride? | nitride | [
"Uranium\n\nUranium metal heated to 250 to 300 °C (482 to 572 °F) reacts with hydrogen to form uranium hydride. Even higher temperatures will reversibly remove the hydrogen. This property makes uranium hydrides convenient starting materials to create reactive uranium powder along with various uranium carbide, nitri... |
570e48100b85d914000d7de9 | How many crystal modifications of uranium hydride are extant? | Two | [
"Uranium\n\nUranium metal heated to 250 to 300 °C (482 to 572 °F) reacts with hydrogen to form uranium hydride. Even higher temperatures will reversibly remove the hydrogen. This property makes uranium hydrides convenient starting materials to create reactive uranium powder along with various uranium carbide, nitri... |
570e489e0b85d914000d7df0 | Along with uranium monocarbide and uranium dicarbide, what is a notable carbide of uranium? | diuranium tricarbide | [
"Uranium\n\nUranium carbides and uranium nitrides are both relatively inert semimetallic compounds that are minimally soluble in acids, react with water, and can ignite in air to form U\n3O\n8. Carbides of uranium include uranium monocarbide (UC), uranium dicarbide (UC\n2), and diuranium tricarbide (U\n2C\n3). Both... |
570e489e0b85d914000d7df2 | Below what temperature is U2C3 stable? | 1800 °C | [
"Uranium\n\nUranium carbides and uranium nitrides are both relatively inert semimetallic compounds that are minimally soluble in acids, react with water, and can ignite in air to form U\n3O\n8. Carbides of uranium include uranium monocarbide (UC), uranium dicarbide (UC\n2), and diuranium tricarbide (U\n2C\n3). Both... |
570e491b0dc6ce1900204f13 | Between what percent fraction range of uranium-235 is uranium regarded as enriched? | 3% and 5% | [
"Uranium\n\nTo be considered 'enriched', the uranium-235 fraction should be between 3% and 5%. This process produces huge quantities of uranium that is depleted of uranium-235 and with a correspondingly increased fraction of uranium-238, called depleted uranium or 'DU'. To be considered 'depleted', the uranium-235 ... |
570e491b0dc6ce1900204f14 | What is the maximum uranium-235 isotope concentration for uranium to be considered depleted? | 0.3% | [
"Uranium\n\nTo be considered 'enriched', the uranium-235 fraction should be between 3% and 5%. This process produces huge quantities of uranium that is depleted of uranium-235 and with a correspondingly increased fraction of uranium-238, called depleted uranium or 'DU'. To be considered 'depleted', the uranium-235 ... |
570e491b0dc6ce1900204f15 | In what year did the cost of uranium notably begin to increase? | 2001 | [
"Uranium\n\nTo be considered 'enriched', the uranium-235 fraction should be between 3% and 5%. This process produces huge quantities of uranium that is depleted of uranium-235 and with a correspondingly increased fraction of uranium-238, called depleted uranium or 'DU'. To be considered 'depleted', the uranium-235 ... |
570e491b0dc6ce1900204f16 | What was the price of a kilogram of depleted uranium hexafluoride in 2001? | $5 | [
"Uranium\n\nTo be considered 'enriched', the uranium-235 fraction should be between 3% and 5%. This process produces huge quantities of uranium that is depleted of uranium-235 and with a correspondingly increased fraction of uranium-238, called depleted uranium or 'DU'. To be considered 'depleted', the uranium-235 ... |
570e491b0dc6ce1900204f17 | How much did a kilogram of depleted uranium hexafluoride cost as of July 2007? | $130 | [
"Uranium\n\nTo be considered 'enriched', the uranium-235 fraction should be between 3% and 5%. This process produces huge quantities of uranium that is depleted of uranium-235 and with a correspondingly increased fraction of uranium-238, called depleted uranium or 'DU'. To be considered 'depleted', the uranium-235 ... |
570e4a0e0dc6ce1900204f1d | Along with the heart, brain and liver, what system is notably affected by exposure to uranium? | kidney | [
"Uranium\n\nNormal functioning of the kidney, brain, liver, heart, and other systems can be affected by uranium exposure, because, besides being weakly radioactive, uranium is a toxic metal. Uranium is also a reproductive toxicant. Radiological effects are generally local because alpha radiation, the primary form o... |
570e4a0e0dc6ce1900204f1e | What is the main form of 238U decay? | alpha radiation | [
"Uranium\n\nNormal functioning of the kidney, brain, liver, heart, and other systems can be affected by uranium exposure, because, besides being weakly radioactive, uranium is a toxic metal. Uranium is also a reproductive toxicant. Radiological effects are generally local because alpha radiation, the primary form o... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.